BOOK
Critical Care Emergencies, An Issue of Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Drs. Evie Marcolini and Haney Mallemat have assembled an expert panel of authors focusing on: Sepsis, Shock, Assessment and Treatment of the Trauma Patient in Shock, Coagulopathy and Hemorrhage, Vasopressors & Inotropes, Assessing Volume Status, Neurotrauma, Mechanical Circulatory Support, End of life, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Critical Care Emergencies | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Emergency Medicine\rClinics Of North America\r | xi | ||
| Foreword | xv | ||
| Preface\r\r | xvii | ||
| Shock | 747 | ||
| Key points | 747 | ||
| Introduction | 747 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 747 | ||
| Causes | 748 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 749 | ||
| Initial ED assessment | 749 | ||
| General | 749 | ||
| Pump Assessment | 749 | ||
| Tank Assessment | 750 | ||
| Pipe Assessment | 752 | ||
| Initial ED management | 752 | ||
| Pump Dysfunction | 753 | ||
| Tank Dysfunction | 753 | ||
| Pipe Dysfunction | 754 | ||
| Summary | 755 | ||
| References | 755 | ||
| Early Identification and Management of Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Emergency Department | 759 | ||
| Key points | 759 | ||
| Epidemiology | 759 | ||
| Definitions | 760 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 760 | ||
| Early identification and risk stratification | 761 | ||
| Importance of Early Identification | 761 | ||
| Vital Sign Abnormalities | 762 | ||
| Screening for Lactate Elevation | 762 | ||
| Organ Dysfunction | 762 | ||
| Screening for Global Tissue Hypoxia | 763 | ||
| Treatment | 763 | ||
| Antibiotics and Source Control | 763 | ||
| Early Goal-Directed Therapy | 763 | ||
| Preload Optimization | 763 | ||
| Afterload Optimization | 764 | ||
| Reversal of Global Tissue Hypoxia | 764 | ||
| Sepsis Bundles | 765 | ||
| Glycemic Control | 765 | ||
| Lung-Protective Ventilation | 765 | ||
| Steroid Replacement | 765 | ||
| Future directions | 767 | ||
| Novel Risk-Stratification Methods | 767 | ||
| Noninvasive Monitoring | 767 | ||
| Novel Therapies | 768 | ||
| Summary | 768 | ||
| References | 769 | ||
| Assessment and Treatment of the Trauma Patient in Shock | 777 | ||
| Key points | 777 | ||
| Introduction | 777 | ||
| Resuscitation | 778 | ||
| Assessment of body compartments | 778 | ||
| Head/Neck | 778 | ||
| Examination | 778 | ||
| Imaging | 779 | ||
| Chest | 779 | ||
| Examination | 779 | ||
| Imaging | 781 | ||
| Abdomen | 781 | ||
| Examination | 781 | ||
| Imaging | 782 | ||
| Compartments | 782 | ||
| Examination | 782 | ||
| Imaging | 783 | ||
| General trends in trauma imaging | 784 | ||
| Spleen | 784 | ||
| Liver | 785 | ||
| Kidney | 786 | ||
| Damage Control | 787 | ||
| Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | 788 | ||
| Summary | 788 | ||
| References | 789 | ||
| Hemorrhage and Coagulopathy in the Critically Ill | 797 | ||
| Key points | 797 | ||
| Introduction | 797 | ||
| The coagulation cascade | 798 | ||
| Monitoring of coagulation | 798 | ||
| Blood and transfusion components | 799 | ||
| Indications for transfusion | 800 | ||
| Massive transfusion protocols and ratios | 800 | ||
| Transfusion in the critically ill | 801 | ||
| Risks and reactions | 801 | ||
| Anticoagulants and reversal of anticoagulants | 803 | ||
| FFP | 803 | ||
| Vitamin K | 803 | ||
| FVII | 804 | ||
| PCC | 805 | ||
| Tranexamic acid | 805 | ||
| Summary | 806 | ||
| References | 806 | ||
| Assessing Volume Status | 811 | ||
| Key points | 811 | ||
| Introduction | 811 | ||
| Physical examination | 812 | ||
| Pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation | 813 | ||
| IVC distensibility index | 814 | ||
| End-expiratory occlusion test | 815 | ||
| Passive leg raise | 815 | ||
| Devices for hemodynamic monitoring | 816 | ||
| Invasive hemodynamic monitors | 817 | ||
| Noninvasive hemodynamic monitors | 818 | ||
| USCOM | 818 | ||
| NiCOM: Bioreactance | 818 | ||
| Summary | 819 | ||
| References | 819 | ||
| Pressors and Inotropes | 823 | ||
| Key points | 823 | ||
| Introduction | 823 | ||
| Physiology | 823 | ||
| Common pharmacologic agents | 825 | ||
| Septic shock | 826 | ||
| Cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction | 827 | ||
| Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) | 828 | ||
| Postcardiopulmonary arrest care | 828 | ||
| Neurogenic shock | 829 | ||
| Anaphylaxis | 829 | ||
| Summary | 830 | ||
| References | 830 | ||
| Emergency Department Antimicrobial Considerations in Severe Sepsis | 835 | ||
| Key points | 835 | ||
| Introduction | 835 | ||
| General Approach to Antimicrobial Selection in ED Patients with Sepsis | 836 | ||
| Important Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles for the EM Physician | 838 | ||
| Sepsis biomarkers in the ED | 841 | ||
| Clinical Practice Guidelines Review | 842 | ||
| The surviving sepsis guidelines | 842 | ||
| Other sepsis-related guidelines | 843 | ||
| Antimicrobial selection in the era of antimicrobial shortages | 844 | ||
| Summary | 845 | ||
| References | 845 | ||
| Mechanical Circulatory Support | 851 | ||
| Key points | 851 | ||
| Introduction | 851 | ||
| IABP | 852 | ||
| Ventricular assist device | 853 | ||
| Common VAD Complications | 855 | ||
| Infectious Complications | 856 | ||
| Arrhythmias | 858 | ||
| Mechanical Failure | 858 | ||
| ECMO | 859 | ||
| Overview | 859 | ||
| ECMO Pump Set-Up and Cannulation | 859 | ||
| Clinical Uses for ECMO | 861 | ||
| Toxic overdoses | 861 | ||
| Myocarditis | 861 | ||
| ECMO for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ECMO-assisted CPR (eCPR) | 862 | ||
| Summary | 863 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 863 | ||
| References | 863 | ||
| Lung-protective Ventilation Strategies and Adjunctive Treatments for the Emergency Medicine Patient with Acute Respiratory ... | 871 | ||
| Key points | 871 | ||
| Introduction | 871 | ||
| Epidemiology/statement of the problem | 872 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 872 | ||
| Oxygenation and hyperoxia | 872 | ||
| Oxygen delivery and heart-lung interactions | 872 | ||
| Hypoxemia | 873 | ||
| Ventilation and hypercapnea | 873 | ||
| ARDS and lung-protective ventilation | 874 | ||
| Selection of optimal tidal volume | 875 | ||
| Limiting inspiratory Pplat | 876 | ||
| Selection of optimal PEEP and open lung recruitment | 876 | ||
| Adjunctive maneuvers | 877 | ||
| Neuromuscular blocking agents | 878 | ||
| Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators | 879 | ||
| Prone positioning | 882 | ||
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 882 | ||
| Summary | 883 | ||
| References | 883 | ||
| Appendix 1 | 887 | ||
| Neurotrauma | 889 | ||
| Key points | 889 | ||
| Introduction | 889 | ||
| Epidemiology | 890 | ||
| Common neurologic injuries associated with trauma | 890 | ||
| Head Injury | 890 | ||
| Blunt injury | 890 | ||
| Critical Care Ultrasonography | 907 | ||
| Key points | 907 | ||
| Introduction | 907 | ||
| Application 1: differentiating shock states | 908 | ||
| Multisystem Protocols | 908 | ||
| Assessment for Cardiogenic Causes of Shock | 908 | ||
| Estimating Fluid Responsiveness Using the IVC | 914 | ||
| Assessment of the Abdomen and Aorta as Potential Causes of Shock | 915 | ||
| Hemothorax and Pneumothorax as Causes for Hypotension | 917 | ||
| Causes of respiratory failure | 917 | ||
| Resuscitative end points | 920 | ||
| Neurologic applications | 921 | ||
| Future directions | 921 | ||
| Summary | 923 | ||
| References | 923 | ||
| Select Topics in Neurocritical Care | 927 | ||
| Key points | 927 | ||
| Introduction | 927 | ||
| Neuromuscular disease | 927 | ||
| Peripheral Demyelinating Disease | 928 | ||
| Pediatric Critical Care | 939 | ||
| Key points | 939 | ||
| General approach to resuscitation of the ill child | 939 | ||
| Common Sources of Severe Illness | 940 | ||
| Ill neonate | 940 | ||
| Septic child | 941 | ||
| Seizures | 941 | ||
| Trauma | 942 | ||
| Procedures | 943 | ||
| Airway | 943 | ||
| Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation | 944 | ||
| Intubation/Rapid Sequence Intubation | 944 | ||
| Difficult Airway | 945 | ||
| “Cannot intubate, cannot ventilate” scenario | 945 | ||
| Intraosseous | 946 | ||
| Central Venous Lines | 947 | ||
| Thoracostomy Tubes | 947 | ||
| Summary | 948 | ||
| References | 948 | ||
| End of Life/Palliative Care/Ethics | 955 | ||
| Key points | 955 | ||
| Introduction | 955 | ||
| Diagnosing dying | 956 | ||
| Syndrome of imminent death | 957 | ||
| Understanding patients’ and families’ preferences: communication at the EOL | 957 | ||
| Goals of care in crashing patients | 957 | ||
| Goals of care in hemodynamically stable but dying patients | 960 | ||
| Bioethics | 962 | ||
| Autonomy/Patient Self-determination | 963 | ||
| Justice | 963 | ||
| Futility | 964 | ||
| Organ Donation and Declaration of Death | 965 | ||
| EOL symptom management | 965 | ||
| Dyspnea | 965 | ||
| Dehydration | 967 | ||
| Disposition | 967 | ||
| Summary | 968 | ||
| References | 968 | ||
| Index | 975 |