Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Critical Care Clinics focuses on Neurocritical Care and covers topics such as: The Evolution of Neurocritical Care, Update in management of acute ischemic stroke, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Subarachnoid treatment, Intracranial pressure monitoring and management of intracranial hypertension, Status Epilepticus, Brain Resuscitation and Prognosis after Cardiac Arrest, Neuromuscular complications of Critical Illness, Adverse Neurological Effects of Commonly Used ICU medications, and Brain death and management of a potential organ donor.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Neurocritical Care\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Critical Care Clinics\r | viii | ||
| Preface\r | ix | ||
| Erratum | xi | ||
| The Evolution of Neurocritical Care | 657 | ||
| Key points | 657 | ||
| Historical aspects | 657 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation and the birth of critical care medicine | 658 | ||
| Head trauma | 659 | ||
| Intracranial pressure | 660 | ||
| Neuromonitoring | 662 | ||
| Brain death | 663 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypothermia for cardiac arrest | 664 | ||
| Future direction | 665 | ||
| Summary | 666 | ||
| References | 666 | ||
| Update in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke | 673 | ||
| Key points | 673 | ||
| Introduction | 673 | ||
| Initial 24 hours for patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy | 674 | ||
| Intravenous Thrombolytics | 675 | ||
| Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants | 675 | ||
| Blood Pressure Management | 675 | ||
| Early Imaging | 679 | ||
| Other Testing | 681 | ||
| Endovascular Management | 681 | ||
| Dysphagia Screening | 684 | ||
| Initial 24 hours for patients ineligible for thrombolytic therapy | 684 | ||
| Pharmacologic Strategies | 684 | ||
| Antiplatelet agents | 684 | ||
| Anticoagulants/Antithrombotic agents | 685 | ||
| BP management | 685 | ||
| Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis | 685 | ||
| Temperature | 685 | ||
| Blood glucose control | 686 | ||
| Gastrointestinal prophylaxis | 686 | ||
| Hydration and fluid status | 686 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Strategies | 686 | ||
| Cardiac monitoring | 686 | ||
| Management of acute ischemic stroke beyond the initial 24 hours | 687 | ||
| Pharmacologic Strategies | 687 | ||
| BP management | 687 | ||
| General management | 687 | ||
| Mixed Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacological Strategies | 687 | ||
| Airway management and mechanical ventilation | 687 | ||
| Acute neurologic worsening | 688 | ||
| Cerebral edema | 688 | ||
| Seizures | 689 | ||
| Surgical options | 689 | ||
| Endarterectomy | 689 | ||
| Decompressive craniectomy and external ventricular drain insertion | 690 | ||
| Hemorrhagic transformation | 690 | ||
| Summary | 691 | ||
| References | 691 | ||
| Critical Care Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage | 699 | ||
| Key points | 699 | ||
| Introduction | 700 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 700 | ||
| Diagnosis | 701 | ||
| Acute management | 704 | ||
| ABCs | 704 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 705 | ||
| Coagulopathy | 705 | ||
| Neurocritical Care | 706 | ||
| Repeat Imaging | 706 | ||
| Ventriculostomy and ICP Management | 706 | ||
| Surgical Interventions | 707 | ||
| Seizure Monitoring and Anticonvulsant Treatment | 707 | ||
| Cardiac Monitoring | 708 | ||
| Mechanical Ventilation | 708 | ||
| Nutrition | 708 | ||
| Hyperglycemia, Hypothermia | 709 | ||
| Infection | 709 | ||
| Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis | 709 | ||
| Blood Transfusion | 709 | ||
| Outcome Predictions | 709 | ||
| Long-term management | 710 | ||
| Summary | 711 | ||
| References | 711 | ||
| Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 719 | ||
| Key points | 719 | ||
| Introduction | 719 | ||
| Patient evaluation | 720 | ||
| Initial Stabilization | 720 | ||
| Diagnosis | 721 | ||
| SAH | 721 | ||
| Identification of Bleeding Source | 721 | ||
| Clinical Grading Scales | 722 | ||
| Treatment of the aneurysm | 722 | ||
| Complications | 722 | ||
| Seizures | 722 | ||
| Rebleeding | 723 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 723 | ||
| Cardiac | 723 | ||
| Fever | 724 | ||
| Hyponatremia | 724 | ||
| Vasospasm and DCI | 724 | ||
| DCI prophylaxis: euvolemia | 725 | ||
| DCI prophylaxis: calcium channel blockers | 726 | ||
| DCI prophylaxis: lumbar drains | 726 | ||
| Diagnosing Vasospasm and DCI | 726 | ||
| TCD | 726 | ||
| CTA, CT perfusion, and angiography | 727 | ||
| DCI Management: Hemodynamic Augmentation | 727 | ||
| Induced hypertension | 727 | ||
| Augmenting cardiac output | 727 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 727 | ||
| DCI Management: Intra-arterial Treatment | 728 | ||
| Prognosis | 728 | ||
| Summary | 728 | ||
| References | 728 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Management of Intracranial Hypertension | 735 | ||
| Key points | 735 | ||
| Introduction | 735 | ||
| Methods of ICP monitoring | 736 | ||
| Normal and pathologic ICP | 737 | ||
| ICP: more than a number | 738 | ||
| Controversies of ICP monitoring | 739 | ||
| Management of ICH | 741 | ||
| General Measures | 741 | ||
| CSF Drainage | 743 | ||
| Osmotherapy | 743 | ||
| Decompressive Craniectomy | 744 | ||
| Barbiturate Coma | 745 | ||
| Hypothermia | 745 | ||
| Summary | 745 | ||
| References | 746 | ||
| Neurocritical Care | 751 | ||
| Key points | 751 | ||
| Introduction | 751 | ||
| Epidemiology | 752 | ||
| Diagnosis and clinical presentation | 752 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 752 | ||
| Diagnostic work-up | 752 | ||
| Acute management of SE | 754 | ||
| Prehospital treatment | 754 | ||
| Initial in-hospital/emergency department treatment | 754 | ||
| Secondary in-hospital treatment | 755 | ||
| Advanced management of RSE | 756 | ||
| Midazolam | 756 | ||
| Propofol | 758 | ||
| Barbiturates | 758 | ||
| Ketamine | 759 | ||
| Treatment endpoints | 759 | ||
| Complications | 760 | ||
| Neurology | 760 | ||
| Cardiac | 761 | ||
| Pulmonary | 761 | ||
| Infectious Disease | 761 | ||
| Electrolytes | 761 | ||
| Renal | 761 | ||
| Prognosis | 761 | ||
| References | 762 | ||
| Brain Resuscitation and Prognosis After Cardiac Arrest | 765 | ||
| Key points | 765 | ||
| Introduction | 765 | ||
| Epidemiology and impact | 766 | ||
| Pathophysiology of brain injury after cardiac arrest | 766 | ||
| Prehospital stabilization and evaluation of cardiac arrest | 767 | ||
| Angiography and coronary intervention | 768 | ||
| Oxygenation and ventilation | 768 | ||
| Blood pressure management | 769 | ||
| Glycemic control | 769 | ||
| Targeted temperature management | 769 | ||
| Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest clinical trial | 770 | ||
| Australian hypothermia clinical trial | 770 | ||
| Target Temperature Management clinical trial | 771 | ||
| Sedation and shivering during targeted temperature management | 772 | ||
| Neuromonitoring after cardiac arrest: clinical examination | 772 | ||
| ICP Monitoring | 772 | ||
| Electroencephalogram Monitoring and Seizure Detection | 773 | ||
| Prognostication after cardiac arrest: clinical examination | 773 | ||
| Utility of SSEP in Prognostication | 774 | ||
| Utility of EEG in Prognostication | 775 | ||
| Utility of Brain Imaging in Prognostication | 777 | ||
| Effect of induced hypothermia on prognostic markers | 778 | ||
| Summary | 779 | ||
| References | 780 | ||
| Neuromuscular Complications of Critical Illness | 785 | ||
| Key points | 785 | ||
| Background | 785 | ||
| Approach to acute neuromuscular weakness in the ICU | 786 | ||
| CIP | 787 | ||
| Electrophysiology | 787 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 788 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 788 | ||
| Treatment | 789 | ||
| Prognosis | 789 | ||
| CIM | 789 | ||
| Thick Filament Myosin Loss | 790 | ||
| Rhabdomyolysis | 791 | ||
| Cachectic Myopathy | 791 | ||
| Acute Necrotizing Myopathy | 791 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 791 | ||
| Treatment | 792 | ||
| Summary | 792 | ||
| References | 792 | ||
| Adverse Neurologic Effects of Medications Commonly Used in the Intensive Care Unit | 795 | ||
| Key points | 795 | ||
| Introduction | 795 | ||
| Neurologic complications from medication discontinuation | 796 | ||
| Drug-induced seizures | 797 | ||
| Drugs Associated with Seizures | 798 | ||
| Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Seizures | 800 | ||
| Drug-induced psychosis/delirium | 802 | ||
| Drug-induced increased intracranial pressure | 803 | ||
| Drug-induced fever | 804 | ||
| Treatment | 807 | ||
| Rechallenge | 807 | ||
| Summary | 807 | ||
| References | 807 | ||
| Brain Death and Management of a Potential Organ Donor in the Intensive Care Unit | 813 | ||
| Key points | 813 | ||
| Introduction | 813 | ||
| Brain death criteria | 816 | ||
| Practice Before the American Academy of Neurology Guidelines | 816 | ||
| The American Academy of Neurology Guidelines (1995 and the 2010 Update) | 817 | ||
| Practice Variability in Brain Death Determination | 817 | ||
| Common Pitfalls in Determination | 819 | ||
| Ancillary Testing | 820 | ||
| Documentation | 821 | ||
| Management of potential organ donor | 821 | ||
| Identification of Potential Organ Donors and Organ Procurement Organizations | 821 | ||
| Preparation for Organ Procurement | 823 | ||
| Pathophysiologic Changes After Brain Death and Medical Management | 823 | ||
| Temperature Management | 824 | ||
| Cardiovascular/Hemodynamics Management | 824 | ||
| Pulmonary/Ventilator Management | 826 | ||
| Hormonal/Inflammatory Management | 826 | ||
| The family meeting | 826 | ||
| Summary | 828 | ||
| References | 828 | ||
| Index | 833 |