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Book Details
Abstract
With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7th Edition helps you understand the most important and the most complex pathophysiology concepts. More than 1,200 full-color illustrations and photographs make it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of function. This edition includes a NEW Epigenetics and Disease chapter along with additional What’s New boxes highlighting the latest advances in pathophysiology. Written by well-known educators Kathryn McCance and Sue Huether, and joined by a team of expert contributors, this resource is the most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text available!
- Over 1,200 full-color illustrations and photographs depict the clinical manifestations of disease and disease processes — more than in any other pathophysiology text.
- A fully updated glossary includes 1,000 terms, and makes lookup easier by grouping together similar topics and terms.
- Outstanding authors Kathryn McCance and Sue Huether have extensive backgrounds as researchers and instructors, and utilize expert contributors, consultants, and reviewers in developing this edition.
- Chapter summary reviews provide concise synopses of the main points of each chapter.
- Consistent presentation of diseases includes pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment.
- Lifespan content includes ten separate pediatric chapters and special sections with aging and pediatrics content.
- Algorithms and flowcharts of diseases and disorders make it easy to follow the sequential progression of disease processes.
- Nutrition and Disease boxes explain the link between concepts of health promotion and disease.
- EXTENSIVELY Updated content reflects advances in pathophysiology including tumor biology invasion and metastases, the epidemiology of cancer, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, thyroid and adrenal gland disorders, female reproductive disorders including benign breast diseases and breast cancer, and a separate chapter on male reproductive disorders and cancer.
- NEW! Chapter on epigenetics and disease.
- Additional What’s New boxes highlight the most current research and clinical development.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Brief Contents | IFC1 | ||
What's New? | IFC2 | ||
Evolve Page | IFC3 | ||
About The Cover Image | ii | ||
Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
Contributors* | v | ||
Reviewers | vii | ||
Preface | ix | ||
FEATURES TO PROMOTE LEARNING | xi | ||
ART PROGRAM | xi | ||
ANCILLARIES | xi | ||
Acknowledgments | xiii | ||
Introduction to Pathophysiology | xv | ||
Contents | xvii | ||
Interactive Review – Pathophysiology | e1 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit I | e2 | ||
Chapter 1 - Cellular Biology | 1 | ||
PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES | 2 | ||
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS | 2 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS | 2 | ||
CELL-TO-CELL ADHESIONS | 17 | ||
CELLULAR COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION | 20 | ||
CELLULAR METABOLISM | 25 | ||
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT: CELLULAR INTAKE AND OUTPUT | 28 | ||
CELLULAR REPRODUCTION: THE CELL CYCLE | 37 | ||
TISSUES | 39 | ||
REFERENCES | 48 | ||
Chapter 2 - Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology | 49 | ||
CELLULAR ADAPTATION | 50 | ||
CELLULAR INJURY | 54 | ||
MANIFESTATIONS OF CELLULAR INJURY | 83 | ||
CELLULAR DEATH | 88 | ||
AGING AND ALTERED CELLULAR AND TISSUE BIOLOGY | 93 | ||
SOMATIC DEATH | 97 | ||
REFERENCES | 100 | ||
Chapter 3 - The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases | 103 | ||
DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS | 103 | ||
AGING AND DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS | 104 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN WATER MOVEMENT | 105 | ||
SODIUM, CHLORIDE, AND WATER BALANCE | 108 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN SODIUM, CHLORIDE, AND WATER BALANCE | 109 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, AND MAGNESIUM BALANCE | 114 | ||
ACID-BASE BALANCE | 122 | ||
REFERENCES | 134 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit II | e3 | ||
Chapter 4 - Genes and Genetic Diseases | 135 | ||
DNA, RNA, AND PROTEINS: HEREDITY AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL | 136 | ||
CHROMOSOMES | 142 | ||
ELEMENTS OF FORMAL GENETICS | 151 | ||
TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC DISEASES | 151 | ||
LINKAGE ANALYSIS AND GENE IDENTIFICATION | 159 | ||
REFERENCES | 163 | ||
Chapter 5 - Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases | 164 | ||
FACTORS INFLUENCING INCIDENCE OF DISEASE IN POPULATIONS | 164 | ||
PRINCIPLES OF MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE | 165 | ||
NATURE AND NURTURE: DISENTANGLING THE EFFECTS OF GENES AND ENVIRONMENT | 169 | ||
GENETICS OF COMMON DISEASES | 171 | ||
REFERENCES | 182 | ||
Chapter 6 - Epigenetics and Disease | 183 | ||
EPIGENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT | 184 | ||
EPIGENETICS AND CANCER | 186 | ||
GENOMIC IMPRINTING | 187 | ||
FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 188 | ||
REFERENCES | 190 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit III | e4 | ||
Chapter 7 - Innate Immunity: Inflammation | 191 | ||
HUMAN DEFENSE MECHANISMS | 192 | ||
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL BARRIERS | 192 | ||
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE: THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | 195 | ||
LOCAL MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATION | 213 | ||
SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION | 213 | ||
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION | 214 | ||
RESOLUTION AND REPAIR | 215 | ||
AGING AND MECHANISMS OF SELF-DEFENSE | 220 | ||
REFERENCES | 223 | ||
Chapter 8 - Adaptive Immunity | 224 | ||
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY | 225 | ||
RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE | 227 | ||
GENERATION OF CLONAL DIVERSITY | 236 | ||
INDUCTION OF AN IMMUNE RESPONSE: CLONAL SELECTION | 241 | ||
EFFECTOR MECHANISMS | 251 | ||
AGING AND IMMUNE FUNCTION | 257 | ||
REFERENCES | 260 | ||
Chapter 9 - Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation | 262 | ||
HYPERSENSITIVITY: ALLERGY, AUTOIMMUNITY, AND ALLOIMMUNITY | 262 | ||
DEFICIENCIES IN IMMUNITY | 281 | ||
REFERENCES | 296 | ||
Chapter 10 - Infection | 298 | ||
EMERGING INFECTIONS | 299 | ||
MICROORGANISMS AND HUMANS: A DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP | 300 | ||
MICROORGANISMS AND INFECTIONS | 300 | ||
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) | 322 | ||
COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST PATHOGENS | 329 | ||
REFERENCES | 336 | ||
Chapter 11 - Stress and Disease | 338 | ||
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND GENERAL CONCEPTS | 338 | ||
CONCEPTS OF STRESS | 339 | ||
STRESS RESPONSE | 343 | ||
STRESS, PERSONALITY, COPING, AND ILLNESS | 355 | ||
AGING AND STRESS: STRESS-AGE SYNDROME | 358 | ||
REFERENCES | 360 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit IV | e5 | ||
Chapter 12 - Cancer Biology | 363 | ||
CANCER CHARACTERISTICS AND TERMINOLOGY | 363 | ||
THE GENETIC BASIS OF CANCER | 372 | ||
CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS | 387 | ||
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER | 392 | ||
REFERENCES | 400 | ||
Chapter 13 - Cancer Epidemiology | 402 | ||
GENETICS, EPIGENETICS, AND TISSUE | 403 | ||
INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY TRENDS | 409 | ||
IN UTERO AND EARLY LIFE CONDITIONS | 410 | ||
ENVIRONMENTAL-LIFESTYLE FACTORS | 413 | ||
REFERENCES | 437 | ||
Chapter 14 - Cancer in Children | 442 | ||
INCIDENCE AND TYPES OF CANCER | 442 | ||
ETIOLOGY | 443 | ||
PROGNOSIS | 445 | ||
REFERENCES | 446 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit V | e6 | ||
Chapter 15 - Structure and Function of the Neurologic System | 447 | ||
OVERVIEW AND ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 447 | ||
CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 448 | ||
NERVE IMPULSE | 451 | ||
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 454 | ||
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 469 | ||
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 470 | ||
AGING AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 477 | ||
TESTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION | 477 | ||
REFERENCES | 483 | ||
Chapter 16 - Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function | 484 | ||
PAIN | 485 | ||
AGING AND PERCEPTION OF PAIN | 495 | ||
TEMPERATURE REGULATION | 495 | ||
AGING AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION | 498 | ||
SLEEP | 502 | ||
AGING AND SLEEP PATTERNS | 504 | ||
SOMATOSENSORY FUNCTION AND THE SPECIAL SENSES | 506 | ||
AGING AND VISION | 509 | ||
AGING AND HEARING | 515 | ||
AGING AND OLFACTION AND TASTE | 518 | ||
REFERENCES | 522 | ||
Chapter 17 - Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function | 527 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN COGNITIVE SYSTEMS | 527 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS | 555 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN NEUROMOTOR FUNCTION | 559 | ||
REFERENCES | 578 | ||
Chapter 18 - Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction | 581 | ||
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS | 581 | ||
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISORDERS | 621 | ||
TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 626 | ||
REFERENCES | 637 | ||
Chapter 19 - Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders* | 641 | ||
SCHIZOPHRENIA | 642 | ||
MOOD DISORDERS: DEPRESSION AND BIPOLAR DISORDER | 647 | ||
ANXIETY DISORDERS | 654 | ||
REFERENCES | 658 | ||
Chapter 20 - Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children | 660 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN CHILDREN | 660 | ||
STRUCTURAL MALFORMATIONS | 663 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN FUNCTION: ENCEPHALOPATHIES | 670 | ||
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDREN | 677 | ||
EPILEPSY | 678 | ||
CHILDHOOD TUMORS | 681 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit VI | e7 | ||
Chapter 21 - Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation | 689 | ||
MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION | 689 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS | 696 | ||
AGING AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM | 711 | ||
REFERENCES | 715 | ||
Chapter 22 - Alterations of Hormonal Regulation | 717 | ||
MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL ALTERATIONS | 717 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY SYSTEM | 718 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF THYROID FUNCTION | 724 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF PARATHYROID FUNCTION | 731 | ||
DYSFUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS: DIABETES MELLITUS | 734 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF ADRENAL FUNCTION | 752 | ||
REFERENCES | 763 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit VII | e8 | ||
Chapter 23 - Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems | 768 | ||
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS | 768 | ||
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 771 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BREAST | 782 | ||
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 784 | ||
TESTS OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION | 791 | ||
Aging and Reproductive Function | 791 | ||
REFERENCES | 798 | ||
Chapter 24 - Alterations of the Female Reproductive System | 800 | ||
ABNORMALITIES OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT DEVELOPMENT | 800 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF SEXUAL MATURATION | 802 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 804 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE BREAST | 836 | ||
REFERENCES | 876 | ||
Chapter 25 - Alterations of the Male Reproductive System | 885 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF SEXUAL MATURATION | 885 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 888 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE MALE BREAST | 913 | ||
REFERENCES | 916 | ||
Chapter 26 - Sexually Transmitted Infections | 918 | ||
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED UROGENITAL INFECTIONS | 919 | ||
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS OF OTHER BODY SYSTEMS | 940 | ||
REFERENCES | 943 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit VIII | e9 | ||
Chapter 27 - Structure and Function of the Hematologic System | 945 | ||
COMPONENTS OF THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM | 945 | ||
DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD CELLS | 954 | ||
MECHANISMS OF HEMOSTASIS | 965 | ||
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM | 973 | ||
AGING AND THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM | 975 | ||
References | 981 | ||
Chapter 28 - Alterations of Erythrocyte Function | 982 | ||
ANEMIA | 982 | ||
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS | 1002 | ||
REFERENCES | 1006 | ||
Chapter 29 - Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function | 1008 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION | 1008 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF LYMPHOID FUNCTION | 1023 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF SPLENIC FUNCTION | 1036 | ||
ALTERATIONS OF PLATELETS AND COAGULATION | 1037 | ||
REFERENCES | 1053 | ||
Chapter 30 - Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children | 1055 | ||
FETAL AND NEONATAL HEMATOPOIESIS | 1055 | ||
POSTNATAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD | 1056 | ||
DISORDERS OF ERYTHROCYTES | 1058 | ||
DISORDERS OF COAGULATION AND PLATELETS | 1070 | ||
LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA | 1074 | ||
REFERENCES | 1081 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit IX | e10 | ||
Chapter 31 - Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems | 1083 | ||
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | 1083 | ||
THE HEART | 1085 | ||
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION | 1106 | ||
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | 1118 | ||
TESTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION | 1119 | ||
AGING AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | 1123 | ||
REFERENCES | 1127 | ||
Chapter 32 - Alterations of Cardiovascular Function | 1129 | ||
DISEASES OF THE VEINS | 1129 | ||
DISEASES OF THE ARTERIES | 1132 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE HEART WALL | 1163 | ||
MANIFESTATIONS OF HEART DISEASE | 1175 | ||
REFERENCES | 1189 | ||
Chapter 33 - Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children | 1194 | ||
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | 1194 | ||
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS | 1198 | ||
ACQUIRED CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS | 1218 | ||
REFERENCES | 1224 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit X | e11 | ||
Chapter 34 - Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System | 1225 | ||
STRUCTURES OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM | 1225 | ||
FUNCTIONS OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM | 1232 | ||
TESTS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION | 1243 | ||
AGING AND THE PULMONARY SYSTEM | 1244 | ||
REFERENCES | 1247 | ||
Chapter 35 - Alterations of Pulmonary Function | 1248 | ||
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PULMONARY ALTERATIONS | 1248 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL AND PLEURA | 1253 | ||
PULMONARY DISORDERS | 1255 | ||
REFERENCES | 1286 | ||
Chapter 36 - Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children | 1290 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | 1290 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE UPPER AIRWAYS | 1293 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE LOWER AIRWAYS | 1301 | ||
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME | 1313 | ||
REFERENCES | 1315 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit XI | e12 | ||
Chapter 37 - Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems | 1319 | ||
STRUCTURES OF THE RENAL SYSTEM | 1319 | ||
RENAL BLOOD FLOW | 1326 | ||
KIDNEY FUNCTION | 1327 | ||
TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION | 1334 | ||
AGING AND RENAL FUNCTION | 1336 | ||
REFERENCES | 1338 | ||
Chapter 38 - Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function | 1340 | ||
URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION | 1340 | ||
URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 1349 | ||
GLOMERULAR DISORDERS | 1352 | ||
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY | 1359 | ||
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 1364 | ||
REFERENCES | 1372 | ||
Chapter 39 - Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children | 1376 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN | 1376 | ||
ALTERATIONS IN RENAL AND BLADDER FUNCTION IN CHILDREN | 1378 | ||
REFERENCES | 1391 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit XII | e13 | ||
Chapter 40 - Structure and Function of the Digestive System | 1393 | ||
THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 1393 | ||
ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTION | 1409 | ||
TESTS OF DIGESTIVE FUNCTION | 1415 | ||
AGING AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM | 1417 | ||
REFERENCES | 1421 | ||
Chapter 41 - Alterations of Digestive Function | 1423 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 1423 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTION | 1451 | ||
CANCER OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | 1466 | ||
REFERENCES | 1478 | ||
Chapter 42 - Alterations of Digestive Function in Children | 1486 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 1486 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE LIVER | 1500 | ||
REFERENCES | 1506 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit XIII | e14 | ||
Chapter 43 - Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System | 1510 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BONES | 1510 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF JOINTS | 1520 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES | 1526 | ||
TESTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION | 1535 | ||
AGING AND THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM | 1536 | ||
REFERENCES | 1538 | ||
Chapter 44 - Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function | 1540 | ||
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES | 1540 | ||
DISORDERS OF BONES | 1550 | ||
DISORDERS OF JOINTS | 1565 | ||
DISORDERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE | 1578 | ||
REFERENCES | 1588 | ||
Chapter 45 - Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children | 1591 | ||
MUSCULOSKELETAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN | 1591 | ||
MUSCULOSKELETAL ALTERATIONS IN CHILDREN | 1593 | ||
NONACCIDENTAL TRAUMA | 1612 | ||
REFERENCES | 1615 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit XIV | e15 | ||
Chapter 46 - Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument | 1616 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN | 1616 | ||
AGING AND SKIN INTEGRITY | 1619 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE SKIN | 1627 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE HAIR | 1646 | ||
DISORDERS OF THE NAIL | 1647 | ||
REFERENCES | 1649 | ||
Chapter 47 - Alterations of the Integument in Children | 1653 | ||
ACNE VULGARIS | 1653 | ||
DERMATITIS | 1654 | ||
INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN | 1656 | ||
INSECT BITES AND PARASITES | 1661 | ||
HEMANGIOMAS AND CUTANEOUS VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS | 1662 | ||
OTHER SKIN DISORDERS | 1664 | ||
REFERENCES | 1666 | ||
Interactive Review – Unit XV | e16 | ||
Chapter 48 - Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults | 1668 | ||
SHOCK | 1668 | ||
MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME | 1679 | ||
BURNS | 1685 | ||
REFERENCES | 1696 | ||
Chapter 49 - Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children | 1699 | ||
SHOCK AND MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME | 1699 | ||
BURNS | 1715 | ||
REFERENCES | 1725 | ||
Glossary | 1728 | ||
Index | 1748 | ||
Common Laboratory Values* | IBC2 | ||
Common Laboratory Values—Cont’d | IBC3 |