BOOK
Mann's Surgery of the Foot and Ankle E-Book
Michael J. Coughlin | Charles L. Saltzman | Roger A. Mann
(2013)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Let a "who's who" of foot and ankle surgeons take your skills to the next level! Drs. Coughlin, Saltzman, and Anderson bring you state-of-the-art, comprehensive coverage of the full range of foot and ankle disorders. Expect the best from this revised "classic" work refreshed for a new generation in one robust multimedia resource.
- Achieve the best possible outcomes with authoritative answers on every major aspect of the treatment and management of foot and ankle disorders and diseases! With content covering biomechanics, examination, diagnosis, non-operative and operative treatment, and post-operative management, you have all the guidance you need to offer optimal care to your patients.
- Refine your mastery with state-of-the-art coverage of the very latest topics in foot and ankle surgery, including ankle reconstruction and total ankle arthroplasty; external/internal fixation; management of the complex foot deformities; nerve disorders; arthroscopic techniques; the new standardized post-operative protocols for all surgical techniques; and more.
- Achieve the best possible outcomes with authoritative answers on every major aspect of the treatment and management of foot and ankle disorders and diseases! With content covering biomechanics, examination, diagnosis, non-operative and operative treatment, and post-operative management, you have all the guidance you need to offer optimal care to your patients.
- Access the complete contents online at Expert Consult, plus more than 120 videos demonstrating key surgical techniques, regular online updates, and more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volume 1 | Vol-1-Cover | ||
| Front cover | Vol-1-Cover | ||
| Inside front cover | Vol-1-IFC | ||
| Mann’s Surgery of the Foot and Ankle | Vol-1-iii | ||
| Copyright page | Vol-1-iv | ||
| Dedication | Vol-1-v | ||
| Contributors | Vol-1-vii | ||
| Preface | Vol-1-xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments of previous editions | Vol-1-xv | ||
| Acknowledgments | Vol-1-xv | ||
| In Appreciation | Vol-1-xvii | ||
| Table of Contents | Vol-1-xix | ||
| List of Video Clips | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Amputations | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Anesthesia | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Ankle | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Ankle Arthroplasty | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Arthrodesis | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Arthritis of the Forefoot | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Arthroscopy | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Bunionette | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Cavus Foot | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Great Toe | Vol-1-xxi | ||
| Lesser Toe Deformities | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Midfoot | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Nerves | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Pediatrics | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Tendon Disorders—Achillies | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Tendon Disorders—Peroneal Tendons | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Tendon Disorders—Anterior and Posterior Tibial Tendons, Miscellaneous Tendons | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Trauma | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Toenails | Vol-1-xxii | ||
| Volume 1 | 1 | ||
| I General Considerations | 1 | ||
| 1 Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle | 3 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 3 | ||
| Gait Cycle | 4 | ||
| Walking Cycle | 4 | ||
| First Interval | 4 | ||
| Second Interval | 5 | ||
| Third Interval | 6 | ||
| Running Cycle | 7 | ||
| Kinematics of Human Locomotion | 7 | ||
| Vertical Body Displacements | 8 | ||
| Lateral Body Displacements | 9 | ||
| Horizontal Limb Rotation | 9 | ||
| Kinetics of Human Locomotion | 10 | ||
| Measuring Whole Body Kinetics and Plantar Pressure | 10 | ||
| Types of Studies | 11 | ||
| Data Representations | 13 | ||
| Measurement Variability | 14 | ||
| Kinetics of Walking | 15 | ||
| Whole Body Kinetics | 16 | ||
| Plantar Pressure Kinetics | 17 | ||
| Kinetics of Running | 18 | ||
| Biomechanics of the Component of the Locomotor System | 19 | ||
| Heel Strike to Foot Flat: Supple for Impact Absorption | 19 | ||
| Ankle Joint | 19 | ||
| Subtalar Joint | 20 | ||
| Transverse Tarsal Joint Complex | 22 | ||
| Foot Flat to Toe-Off: Progression to a Rigid Platform | 23 | ||
| Ankle Joint | 24 | ||
| Subtalar Joint | 25 | ||
| Transverse Tarsal Articulation | 25 | ||
| Plantar Aponeurosis | 25 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal Break | 26 | ||
| Talonavicular Joint | 27 | ||
| Swing Phase | 27 | ||
| Component Mechanics of Running | 28 | ||
| Surgical Implications of Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle | 28 | ||
| Biomechanical Considerations in Ankle Arthrodesis | 29 | ||
| Hindfoot Alignment | 29 | ||
| Midfoot Alignment | 30 | ||
| Forefoot Principles | 31 | ||
| Tendon Transfers | 31 | ||
| Ligaments of the Ankle Joint | 31 | ||
| References | 35 | ||
| 2 Principles of the Physical Examination of the Foot and Ankle | 37 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 37 | ||
| Overview | 37 | ||
| Sequence of Examination | 38 | ||
| Topographic Anatomy | 38 | ||
| Ankle and Hindfoot | 38 | ||
| Lateral Ankle | 38 | ||
| Medial Ankle | 39 | ||
| Posterior Ankle | 40 | ||
| Anterior Ankle | 41 | ||
| Plantar Hindfoot | 41 | ||
| Midfoot | 43 | ||
| Forefoot | 46 | ||
| Hallux Complex | 46 | ||
| Lesser Metatarsals and Toes | 46 | ||
| Examination in Sequence | 47 | ||
| Standing Examination | 47 | ||
| Sitting Examination | 50 | ||
| General Visual Overview | 50 | ||
| General Skeletal Overview | 50 | ||
| Neurovascular Examination | 51 | ||
| Range of Motion of the Joints | 52 | ||
| Ankle Joint | 52 | ||
| Subtalar Joint | 53 | ||
| Transverse Tarsal Joint | 54 | ||
| Tarsometatarsal Joints | 54 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal Joints | 55 | ||
| Relationship of Forefoot to Hindfoot | 55 | ||
| Direct Palpation | 56 | ||
| Muscle Function | 57 | ||
| Specific Examination Components for Individual Consideration | 58 | ||
| Supine Examination | 58 | ||
| Prone Examination | 58 | ||
| Gait | 59 | ||
| Shoe Examination | 60 | ||
| References | 60 | ||
| 3 Imaging of the Foot and Ankle | 61 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 61 | ||
| Role of Imaging | 61 | ||
| Effective Use of Imaging | 62 | ||
| Choice of Test | 62 | ||
| Radiation Safety | 62 | ||
| Radiographs | 63 | ||
| Ultrasound | 66 | ||
| Basic Science | 66 | ||
| Use of Ultrasound | 69 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine | 76 | ||
| Basic Science | 76 | ||
| Technetium-99m–Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scanning | 82 | ||
| Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography | 84 | ||
| Gallium Scanning and White Cell Scanning | 84 | ||
| Use of Nuclear Scanning | 85 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 86 | ||
| Basic Science | 86 | ||
| Use of Computed Tomography Scanning | 87 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 88 | ||
| Basic Science | 88 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Sequences | 90 | ||
| T1-Weighted Fast Spin-Echo Sequences | 90 | ||
| T2-Weighted Fast Spin-Echo Sequences | 91 | ||
| Proton-Density–Weighted Fast Spin-Echo Sequences | 91 | ||
| Short Tau Inversion Recovery or “Fat-Sat” Sequences | 91 | ||
| Gradient-Recalled Echo Sequences | 91 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Arthrogaphy | 91 | ||
| New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique: Biochemical Imaging | 92 | ||
| T2 Mapping | 92 | ||
| Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage | 92 | ||
| T1 Rho (ρ) Mapping | 92 | ||
| Contraindications to Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 92 | ||
| Pitfalls and Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 92 | ||
| Magic Angle Phenomenon | 92 | ||
| Bone Marrow “Edema” | 93 | ||
| Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 93 | ||
| Imaging of Foot and Ankle Pathology | 93 | ||
| Imaging Ligament Injury | 93 | ||
| Ankle and Transverse Tarsal Joint Ligament Complex Injury | 95 | ||
| Midfoot Ligamentous Injury | 96 | ||
| Forefoot Ligament Injury | 97 | ||
| Imaging Chondral and Osteochondral Lesions | 97 | ||
| Imaging Articular Cartilage Repair | 98 | ||
| Imaging Impingement Syndromes | 100 | ||
| Imaging Tendon Pathology | 101 | ||
| Tendinosis | 101 | ||
| Stenosing Tenosynovitis | 105 | ||
| Tendon Tears | 105 | ||
| Imaging Inflammatory Arthropathies | 105 | ||
| Imaging Nerve Pathology in the Foot and Ankle | 109 | ||
| Imaging Tumors in the Foot and Ankle | 110 | ||
| Imaging Infections in the Foot and Ankle | 112 | ||
| Miscellaneous Conditions in the Foot and Ankle | 113 | ||
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome | 113 | ||
| Arthrofibrosis | 113 | ||
| Posttraumatic Fat Necrosis | 114 | ||
| Foreign Bodies | 114 | ||
| Avascular Necrosis of Bone in the Foot and Ankle | 115 | ||
| Interventional Radiology in the Foot and Ankle | 116 | ||
| References | 118 | ||
| 4 Conservative Treatment of the Foot | 121 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 121 | ||
| General Considerations | 121 | ||
| Foot Orthoses | 122 | ||
| Over-the-Counter Inserts | 122 | ||
| Custom Foot Orthoses | 123 | ||
| University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL) Foot Orthoses | 124 | ||
| Ankle–Foot Orthoses | 124 | ||
| Appliances | 125 | ||
| Treatment of Specific Disorders | 125 | ||
| Arthritis | 125 | ||
| Tendon Disorders | 126 | ||
| Heel Pain | 126 | ||
| Lesser Toe Disorders | 127 | ||
| Calluses and Corns | 127 | ||
| Neuromas | 128 | ||
| Bunionettes | 128 | ||
| First Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 128 | ||
| Hallux Valgus Deformities | 128 | ||
| Hallux Rigidus | 128 | ||
| Sesamoid Disorders | 128 | ||
| Shoe Anatomy | 129 | ||
| Types of Uppers | 130 | ||
| Types of Lasts | 132 | ||
| Types of Soles | 132 | ||
| Types of Heels | 133 | ||
| References | 134 | ||
| 5 Anesthesia | 135 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 135 | ||
| Overview | 135 | ||
| A Changing Role for Opioids | 135 | ||
| Multimodal Analgesia | 135 | ||
| Components of Multimodal Analgesia | 136 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 136 | ||
| Acetaminophen and Paracetamol | 137 | ||
| Combining Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 137 | ||
| Pregabalin and Gabapentin | 137 | ||
| Opioid Agonists | 138 | ||
| Combined Opioid Agonist–Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors | 138 | ||
| Patients Who Require Special Consideration | 138 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 138 | ||
| Chronic Opioid-Consuming Patients | 139 | ||
| Regional Anesthesia | 140 | ||
| Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks | 140 | ||
| Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block (Video Clips 7) | 140 | ||
| Nerve Blocks above the Knee | 141 | ||
| Sciatic Nerve Block at the Level of the Popliteal Fossa (Video Clips 6) | 141 | ||
| The Saphenous Nerve above the Knee | 142 | ||
| Nerve Blocks below the Knee | 142 | ||
| The Saphenous Nerve | 143 | ||
| The Tibial Nerve (Video Clip 5) | 144 | ||
| The Superficial Peroneal Nerve | 145 | ||
| The Deep Peroneal Nerve | 145 | ||
| The Sural Nerve | 145 | ||
| Nerve Block Complications | 147 | ||
| Intravascular Injection of Local Anesthetic | 147 | ||
| Nerve Injury | 148 | ||
| Infection | 148 | ||
| Summary | 148 | ||
| References | 148 | ||
| II Forefoot | 153 | ||
| 6 Hallux Valgus | 155 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 155 | ||
| Overview | 155 | ||
| Anatomy | 156 | ||
| Pathoanatomy | 158 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 159 | ||
| Demographics | 164 | ||
| Age of Onset | 164 | ||
| Gender | 165 | ||
| Bilaterality | 166 | ||
| Handedness | 166 | ||
| Frequency of Occurrence | 166 | ||
| Etiology | 166 | ||
| Extrinsic Causes | 166 | ||
| Footwear | 166 | ||
| Occupation | 167 | ||
| Trauma | 167 | ||
| Intrinsic Causes | 168 | ||
| Heredity | 168 | ||
| Pes Planus | 168 | ||
| Hypermobility of the Metatarsocuneiform Joint | 171 | ||
| Ligamentous Laxity | 175 | ||
| Achilles Contracture | 176 | ||
| Miscellaneous Factors | 177 | ||
| Anatomic and Radiographic Considerations | 177 | ||
| Angular Measurements | 177 | ||
| Hallux Valgus Angle | 177 | ||
| 1–2 Intermetatarsal Angle | 177 | ||
| Hallux Interphalangeal Angle | 177 | ||
| Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle | 177 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal Joint Congruency | 180 | ||
| Medial Eminence | 180 | ||
| Metatarsus Primus Varus | 181 | ||
| Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus | 182 | ||
| First Metatarsal Length | 182 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal Joint Shape | 183 | ||
| Joint Congruity | 184 | ||
| Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle and Proximal Articular Set Angle | 186 | ||
| First Metatarsocuneiform Joint | 187 | ||
| Intermetatarsal Facet / Os Intermetatarseum | 189 | ||
| Metatarsus Adductus | 190 | ||
| Blood Supply to the First Metatarsal Head | 191 | ||
| Open Epiphysis | 192 | ||
| Juvenile Hallux Valgus | 193 | ||
| Classification | 194 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 195 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 195 | ||
| Conservative Treatment | 197 | ||
| Considerations with Surgical Intervention | 198 | ||
| Anesthesia and Pain Control | 198 | ||
| Miscellaneous Factors | 199 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 199 | ||
| Decision Making | 199 | ||
| Surgical Procedures | 201 | ||
| Distal Soft Tissue Procedure | 203 | ||
| Indications | 204 | ||
| Contraindications | 204 | ||
| Technique | 204 | ||
| Release of the First Web Space | 204 | ||
| Preparation of the Medial Aspect of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 206 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 207 | ||
| Intermetatarsal (Interosseous) Fixation | 209 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 209 | ||
| Results | 211 | ||
| Complications | 212 | ||
| Akin Procedure | 212 | ||
| Indications | 213 | ||
| Contraindications | 214 | ||
| Technique | 214 | ||
| Surgical Exposure | 214 | ||
| Technique of Resection of the Medial Eminence and Phalangeal Osteotomy | 214 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Joint Capsule and Osteotomy | 216 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 216 | ||
| Results | 216 | ||
| Complications | 217 | ||
| Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy (Chevron Procedure) | 218 | ||
| Indications | 218 | ||
| Contraindications | 219 | ||
| Medial Approach and Exposure of the Metatarsal Head | 219 | ||
| Technique of Osteotomy | 220 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Joint | 223 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 225 | ||
| Results | 225 | ||
| Complications | 227 | ||
| Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy (Mitchell, Bosch Types) | 229 | ||
| Indications | 230 | ||
| Contraindications | 230 | ||
| Technique | 230 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 230 | ||
| Technique of First Metatarsal Osteotomy | 231 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Osteotomy and Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 232 | ||
| Technique of Bosch (Percutaneous Osteotomy) | 232 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 232 | ||
| Results | 233 | ||
| Complications | 235 | ||
| Scarf Osteotomy | 236 | ||
| Indications | 236 | ||
| Contraindications | 236 | ||
| Technique | 236 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 236 | ||
| Preparation for the Osteotomy | 236 | ||
| Soft Tissue Repair | 238 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 239 | ||
| Key Points in the Technique | 239 | ||
| Complications | 239 | ||
| Results | 240 | ||
| Distal Soft Tissue Procedure with Proximal Osteotomy | 240 | ||
| Indications | 241 | ||
| Contraindications | 241 | ||
| Technique: Crescentic Osteotomy | 241 | ||
| Technique: Medial Opening Osteotomy | 245 | ||
| Long Oblique Osteotomy (Mau, Ludloff) | 246 | ||
| Reconstruction of Hallux Valgus Deformity | 246 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 247 | ||
| Results | 248 | ||
| Complications | 252 | ||
| Multiple Osteotomies | 255 | ||
| First Cuneiform Osteotomy | 255 | ||
| Technique | 255 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 256 | ||
| Distal First Metatarsal Closing-Wedge Osteotomy | 257 | ||
| Technique | 257 | ||
| Other Osteotomies | 258 | ||
| Results | 258 | ||
| Complications | 259 | ||
| Metatarsocuneiform Arthrodesis and Distal Soft Tissue Procedure | 259 | ||
| Indications | 259 | ||
| Contraindication | 261 | ||
| Technique | 261 | ||
| Distal Soft Tissue Procedure | 261 | ||
| Metatarsocuneiform Joint Arthrodesis | 261 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 263 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 264 | ||
| Results | 264 | ||
| Complications | 264 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis | 265 | ||
| Indications | 266 | ||
| Contraindications | 266 | ||
| Technique | 266 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 266 | ||
| Preparation of Curved Concentric Surfaces | 266 | ||
| Alternative Method of Joint Preparation | 268 | ||
| Internal Fixation of the Arthrodesis | 268 | ||
| Alternative Method of Fixation | 269 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 269 | ||
| Results | 270 | ||
| Complications | 273 | ||
| Keller Procedure | 274 | ||
| Indications | 274 | ||
| Contraindications | 275 | ||
| Technique | 275 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 275 | ||
| Resection of Bone | 275 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 275 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 275 | ||
| Results | 276 | ||
| Complications | 277 | ||
| Complications of Hallux Valgus Surgery | 279 | ||
| Causes of Surgical Failure | 279 | ||
| Soft Tissue Problems | 281 | ||
| Infection | 281 | ||
| Delayed Wound Healing | 281 | ||
| Skin Slough | 281 | ||
| Adherent Scar | 282 | ||
| Paresthesias of the Hallux | 283 | ||
| Delayed Wound Breakdown | 284 | ||
| Complications Affecting the Metatarsal Shaft | 284 | ||
| Shortening | 284 | ||
| Dorsiflexion | 285 | ||
| Plantar Flexion | 286 | ||
| Excessive Valgus (Lateral Deviation) of the First Metatarsal | 286 | ||
| Nonunion of the First Metatarsal | 289 | ||
| Complications Affecting the Metatarsal Head | 289 | ||
| Excessive Excision | 289 | ||
| Displacement | 289 | ||
| Avascular Necrosis | 290 | ||
| Complications Involving the Proximal Phalanx | 291 | ||
| Nonunion | 291 | ||
| Malunion | 291 | ||
| Avascular Necrosis | 292 | ||
| Adhesions of the Flexor Hallucis Longus | 292 | ||
| Violation of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 293 | ||
| Instability after Resection of the Base (Keller Procedure) | 293 | ||
| Complications Associated with Capsular Tissue of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 294 | ||
| Loss of Correction Secondary to Failure of Medial Joint Capsular Tissue | 294 | ||
| Failure of Lateral Joint Capsular Tissue | 294 | ||
| Arthrofibrosis of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 295 | ||
| Complications Involving the Sesamoids | 295 | ||
| Uncorrected Sesamoids | 296 | ||
| Medial Subluxation or Dislocation of the Tibial Sesamoid | 296 | ||
| Cock-Up Deformity of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 296 | ||
| Intractable Plantar Keratosis | 297 | ||
| Recurrent Hallux Valgus Deformity | 297 | ||
| Distal Soft Tissue Procedure | 298 | ||
| Chevron Procedure | 298 | ||
| Proximal Metatarsal Osteotomy | 298 | ||
| Akin Procedure | 298 | ||
| Scarf Procedure | 298 | ||
| Keller Procedure | 298 | ||
| Preoperative Conditions | 298 | ||
| Hallux Varus | 300 | ||
| Extensor Hallucis Longus Transfer | 302 | ||
| Surgical Approach and Preparation for Tendon Transfer | 302 | ||
| Medial Joint Capsule Release | 303 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint | 305 | ||
| Alternative Procedures | 305 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 306 | ||
| Pain Around the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint after Bunion Surgery | 307 | ||
| Prostheses | 307 | ||
| References | 310 | ||
| 7 Lesser Toe Deformities | 322 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 322 | ||
| Lesser Toe Deformities | 322 | ||
| Etiology | 325 | ||
| Mallet Toe | 325 | ||
| Hammer Toe | 326 | ||
| Claw Toe | 327 | ||
| Anatomy and Pathophysiology | 328 | ||
| Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle and Tendon | 328 | ||
| Interosseous Tendons | 330 | ||
| Plantar Plate and Collateral Ligaments | 330 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 331 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 332 | ||
| Physical Examination | 332 | ||
| Radiographic Examination | 333 | ||
| Fixed Hammer Toe Deformity | 333 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 333 | ||
| Indications | 338 | ||
| Contraindications | 338 | ||
| Duvries Arthroplasty Procedure | 338 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 338 | ||
| Alternative Fixation and Joint Preparation | 339 | ||
| Hammer Toe Repair with Intermedullary Implant (Nitinol, Smart Toe Implant) | 340 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 340 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 341 | ||
| Results and Complications | 341 | ||
| Flexible Hammer Toe Deformity | 351 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 353 | ||
| Indications | 353 | ||
| Contraindications | 353 | ||
| Tendon Transfer Procedure | 353 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 353 | ||
| Alternative Technique | 355 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 355 | ||
| Results and Complications | 355 | ||
| Mallet Toe Deformity | 357 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 358 | ||
| Indications | 358 | ||
| Contraindications | 358 | ||
| Mallet Toe Repair | 358 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 358 | ||
| Alternative Fixation | 359 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 359 | ||
| Results and Complications | 359 | ||
| Claw Toe Deformities | 361 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 361 | ||
| Indications | 362 | ||
| Contraindications | 362 | ||
| Duvries Arthroplasty Procedure | 362 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 362 | ||
| Contracture Release | 363 | ||
| Volume 2 | Vol-2-Cover | ||
| Front cover | Vol-2-Cover | ||
| Inside front cover | Vol-2-IFC | ||
| Mann’s Surgery of the Foot and Ankle | Vol-2-iii | ||
| Copyright page | Vol-2-iv | ||
| Dedication | Vol-2-v | ||
| Contributors | Vol-2-vii | ||
| Preface | Vol-2-xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments of previous editions | Vol-2-xv | ||
| Acknowledgments | Vol-2-xv | ||
| In Appreciation | Vol-2-xvii | ||
| Table of Contents | Vol-2-xix | ||
| List of Video Clips | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Amputations | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Anesthesia | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Ankle | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Ankle Arthroplasty | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Arthrodesis | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Arthritis of the Forefoot | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Arthroscopy | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Bunionette | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Cavus Foot | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Great Toe | Vol-2-xxi | ||
| Lesser Toe Deformities | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Midfoot | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Nerves | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Pediatrics | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Tendon Disorders—Achillies | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Tendon Disorders—Peroneal Tendons | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Tendon Disorders—Anterior and Posterior Tibial Tendons, Miscellaneous Tendons | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Trauma | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Toenails | Vol-2-xxii | ||
| Volume 2 | 1383 | ||
| VII Diabetes | 1383 | ||
| 27 Diabetes | 1385 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 1385 | ||
| Background and History | 1385 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1386 | ||
| Metabolic Control | 1386 | ||
| Neuropathy | 1386 | ||
| Angiopathy | 1387 | ||
| Structural Changes | 1388 | ||
| Common Clinical Problems Associated with Diabetes | 1388 | ||
| Ulceration | 1388 | ||
| Classification of Diabetic Foot Ulcerations | 1390 | ||
| Charcot Neuropathic Arthropathy | 1393 | ||
| Temporal Staging of Charcot Neuropathic Arthropathy | 1396 | ||
| Anatomic Classification of Charcot Arthropathy | 1396 | ||
| Skin and Nail Disorders | 1399 | ||
| Infection | 1400 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1405 | ||
| Physical Examination | 1405 | ||
| Neurologic Evaluation | 1406 | ||
| Vascular Evaluation | 1407 | ||
| Radiographic Examination | 1409 | ||
| Plain Radiographs | 1409 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 1410 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 1410 | ||
| Bone Scans and Labeled White Blood Cell Scans | 1411 | ||
| [18F]-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose–Positron Emission Tomography | 1412 | ||
| Treatment Approaches | 1412 | ||
| Patient Education | 1412 | ||
| Team Approach | 1412 | ||
| Neuropathy | 1413 | ||
| Topical Therapies | 1413 | ||
| Treatment of Motor Neuropathy | 1415 | ||
| Nerve Release for Treatment of Sensory Polyneuropathy | 1415 | ||
| Total-Contact Casting | 1417 | ||
| Footwear and Shoe Insoles | 1425 | ||
| Wound/Ulcer Management | 1431 | ||
| Activity Modification | 1432 | ||
| Local Wound Care | 1433 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 1433 | ||
| Achilles Lengthening | 1433 | ||
| Specific Ulcerations and Treatment | 1434 | ||
| Heel Ulcers | 1434 | ||
| Lesser Toe Ulcerations | 1434 | ||
| Ulcerations of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint | 1435 | ||
| First Metatarsophalangeal Ulcerations | 1437 | ||
| Ulcerations Beneath a Single Lesser Metatarsal Head | 1438 | ||
| Ulcerations Under More Than One Metatarsal Head | 1439 | ||
| Ulcers on the Lateral Border of the Foot | 1440 | ||
| Ulcerations Associated with Charcot Neuropathic Arthropathy | 1441 | ||
| Wound Closure and Soft Tissue Reconstruction | 1441 | ||
| Infection | 1443 | ||
| Cellulitis | 1444 | ||
| Abscess | 1444 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 1444 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Lesser Toes | 1445 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Hallux Sesamoids | 1446 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the First Metatarsal | 1446 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Lesser Metatarsals | 1447 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Midfoot | 1448 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Hindfoot | 1449 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Ankle | 1450 | ||
| Hyperbaric Oxygen | 1450 | ||
| Treatment of Charcot Arthropathy | 1450 | ||
| Pharmacologic Therapy | 1455 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 1455 | ||
| Timing of Operative Treatment | 1455 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 1455 | ||
| Exostectomy | 1456 | ||
| Arthrodesis | 1457 | ||
| Results of Arthrodesis for Charcot Neuroarthropathy | 1459 | ||
| Unique Considerations in the Treatment of Ankle Neuropathic Arthropathy | 1459 | ||
| Surgical Decision Making for Charcot Ankle | 1460 | ||
| Charcot Ankle Arthropathy Associated with an Open Wound | 1460 | ||
| Unstable Ankle Deformity Patterns | 1461 | ||
| Multijoint Arthropathy | 1462 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Ankle Neuroarthropathy | 1462 | ||
| Extensile Lateral Approach to Ankle and Subtalar Joints | 1462 | ||
| Medial-Side Decision Making | 1462 | ||
| Bone Preparation | 1462 | ||
| Fixation | 1463 | ||
| Blade and Locking Plate Technique | 1463 | ||
| Intramedullary Rod Method of Tibiocalcaneal Fixation | 1464 | ||
| Closure | 1465 | ||
| Casting Protocol | 1465 | ||
| External Fixation Protocol | 1465 | ||
| Authors’ Experience with External Fixators in Treatment of Charcot Neuroarthropathy | 1466 | ||
| Ankle Fractures in the Diabetic Patient | 1467 | ||
| Ankle Fracture Treatment Options and Rationale | 1468 | ||
| Postoperative Management: Prolong Length of Immobilization | 1469 | ||
| Amputation | 1471 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 1471 | ||
| References | 1471 | ||
| 28 Amputations of the Foot and Ankle | 1481 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 1481 | ||
| General Considerations | 1482 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 1482 | ||
| Tourniquets | 1482 | ||
| Soft Tissue Preservation | 1483 | ||
| Wound Closure | 1483 | ||
| Drains | 1484 | ||
| Skin Grafting and Flap Coverage | 1485 | ||
| Vascular Reconstruction | 1485 | ||
| Determination of Amputation Level | 1485 | ||
| Other Factors Affecting Healing | 1486 | ||
| Specific Amputation Levels and Techniques (Video Clip 130) | 1486 | ||
| Amputation of the Distal Toe and Nail | 1486 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1486 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 1487 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1487 | ||
| Amputation of the Great Toe Through the Proximal Phalanx Base | 1487 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1487 | ||
| Metatarsophalangeal Disarticulation of the Great Toe | 1488 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 1488 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1488 | ||
| Amputation of the Lesser Toes | 1488 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1489 | ||
| Aftercare | 1489 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1489 | ||
| Ray Amputation and Partial Forefoot Amputation | 1490 | ||
| Border-Ray Resection | 1490 | ||
| Central-Ray Resection | 1491 | ||
| Multiple-Ray Resections: Partial Forefoot Amputation | 1491 | ||
| Aftercare | 1492 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1492 | ||
| Transmetatarsal Amputation | 1492 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1494 | ||
| Lisfranc Amputation (Tarsometatarsal Disarticulation) | 1495 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1495 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 1495 | ||
| Chopart Amputation | 1496 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1497 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 1497 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1498 | ||
| Partial Calcanectomy | 1498 | ||
| Syme Amputation | 1498 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1498 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 1499 | ||
| Pitfalls and Complications | 1501 | ||
| Below-Knee Amputations | 1502 | ||
| Bone-Bridging with Below-Knee Amputation | 1502 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 1503 | ||
| Summary | 1505 | ||
| References | 1505 | ||
| 29 Lower Limb Prosthetics | 1507 | ||
| Chapter Contents | 1507 | ||
| Partial Foot Amputation | 1508 | ||
| Selecting the Level of Amputation | 1508 | ||
| Phalangeal Amputation | 1509 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 1509 | ||
| Prosthetic and Biomechanical Considerations | 1509 | ||
| Ray Amputation | 1510 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 1510 |