BOOK
Mosby's Essentials for Nursing Assistants - E-Book
Sheila A. Sorrentino | Leighann Remmert
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Ideal for shorter, more focused courses, this concise text provides coverage of the concepts and skills that are essential for becoming a nursing assistant. It clearly and logically presents the responsibilities of the nursing assistant in a readable, highly visual format that appeals to learners of all levels.
- Focus On the Pride boxes emphasize Personal and professional responsibility, Rights and respect, Independence and social interaction, Delegation and teamwork, and Ethics and Laws providing a convenient overview of key elements of the nursing assistant’s responsibilities in providing competent patient care, and reminds readers that this caregiver role is one they can take pride in performing.
- Focus on Communication boxes includes guidelines for how to communicate most clearly to residents/patients and how to avoid making them feel uncomfortable emphasizing the importance of good communication while providing practical tips.
- Key Abbreviations are now listed at the beginning of each chapter to help familiarize readers with commonly used abbreviations.
- Includes three new chapters on Preventing Falls; Safely Handling, Moving, and Transferring the Person; and Mental Health Problems.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Brief TOC | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Mosby's Essentials for Nursing Assistants, 5/e | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| About The Authors | vi | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | viii | ||
| Instructor Preface | ix | ||
| Content Issues | ix | ||
| Features and Design | xi | ||
| Student Preface | xii | ||
| Survey or Preview | xii | ||
| Question | xii | ||
| Read and Record | xii | ||
| Recite and Review | xii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xvii | ||
| Interactive Review—Mosby’s Essentials for Nursing Assistants | e1 | ||
| 1 Hospitals and Nursing Centers | 1 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Hospitals | 2 | ||
| Long-Term Care Centers | 2 | ||
| Board and Care Homes | 2 | ||
| Assisted Living Residences | 2 | ||
| Nursing Centers | 3 | ||
| Hospices | 3 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Units (Dementia Care Units) | 3 | ||
| Organization | 3 | ||
| The Health Team | 3 | ||
| Nursing Service | 4 | ||
| The Nursing Team | 5 | ||
| Registered Nurses | 5 | ||
| Licensed Practical Nurses and Licensed Vocational Nurses | 5 | ||
| Nursing Assistants | 5 | ||
| Nursing Care Patterns | 5 | ||
| Paying for Health Care | 6 | ||
| Prospective Payment Systems | 6 | ||
| Managed Care | 6 | ||
| Meeting Standards | 6 | ||
| The Survey Process | 7 | ||
| Your Role | 7 | ||
| Review Questions | 8 | ||
| 2 The Person’s Rights | 9 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 9 | ||
| Objectives | 9 | ||
| Key Terms | 9 | ||
| Patients’ Rights | 9 | ||
| Residents’ Rights | 9 | ||
| Information | 10 | ||
| Refusing Treatment | 10 | ||
| Privacy and Confidentiality | 10 | ||
| Personal Choice | 11 | ||
| Grievances | 11 | ||
| Work | 11 | ||
| Taking Part in Resident Groups | 11 | ||
| Personal Items | 11 | ||
| Freedom From Abuse, Mistreatment, and Neglect | 11 | ||
| Freedom From Restraint | 11 | ||
| Quality of Life | 12 | ||
| Activities. | 12 | ||
| Environment. | 12 | ||
| Review Questions | 14 | ||
| 3 The Nursing Assistant | 15 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 16 | ||
| Objectives | 15 | ||
| Key Terms | 15 | ||
| Nurse Practice Acts | 16 | ||
| Nursing Assistants | 16 | ||
| The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 | 16 | ||
| The Training Program | 16 | ||
| Competency Evaluation | 16 | ||
| Nursing Assistant Registry | 17 | ||
| Certification. | 17 | ||
| Maintaining Competence | 17 | ||
| Roles and Responsibilities | 18 | ||
| Nursing Assistant Standards | 18 | ||
| Job Description | 19 | ||
| Delegation | 19 | ||
| Who Can Delegate | 19 | ||
| Delegation Process | 22 | ||
| Step 1—Assess and Plan. | 22 | ||
| Step 2—Communication. | 22 | ||
| Step 3—Surveillance and Supervision. | 22 | ||
| Step 4—Evaluation and Feedback. | 23 | ||
| The Five Rights of Delegation | 23 | ||
| Your Role in Delegation | 23 | ||
| Accepting a Task. | 24 | ||
| Refusing a Task. | 24 | ||
| Ethical Aspects | 24 | ||
| Boundaries | 24 | ||
| Legal Aspects | 26 | ||
| Unintentional Torts | 26 | ||
| Intentional Torts | 26 | ||
| Informed Consent | 27 | ||
| Reporting Abuse | 27 | ||
| Vulnerable Adults | 28 | ||
| Elder Abuse | 28 | ||
| OBRA Requirements. | 29 | ||
| Child Abuse and Neglect | 29 | ||
| Domestic Abuse | 29 | ||
| Other Laws | 29 | ||
| Review Questions | 30 | ||
| 4 Work Ethics | 32 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 32 | ||
| Objectives | 32 | ||
| Key Terms | 32 | ||
| Health, Hygiene, and Appearance | 32 | ||
| Your Health | 33 | ||
| Your Hygiene | 33 | ||
| Your Appearance | 33 | ||
| Getting a Job | 34 | ||
| What Employers Look For | 34 | ||
| Job Skills and Training. | 34 | ||
| Job Applications | 35 | ||
| The Job Interview | 35 | ||
| Preparing for the Interview. | 35 | ||
| During the Interview. | 36 | ||
| After the Interview. | 37 | ||
| Accepting a Job | 37 | ||
| New Employee Orientation | 37 | ||
| Preparing for Work | 37 | ||
| Childcare | 37 | ||
| Transportation | 37 | ||
| Teamwork | 37 | ||
| Attendance | 38 | ||
| Your Attitude | 38 | ||
| Gossip | 38 | ||
| Confidentiality | 38 | ||
| Hygiene and Appearance | 39 | ||
| Speech and Language | 39 | ||
| Courtesies | 39 | ||
| Personal Matters | 39 | ||
| Meals and Breaks | 39 | ||
| Job Safety | 39 | ||
| Planning Your Work | 40 | ||
| Managing Stress | 40 | ||
| Harassment | 41 | ||
| Sexual Harassment | 41 | ||
| Resigning From a Job | 41 | ||
| Losing a Job | 41 | ||
| Drug Testing | 41 | ||
| Review Questions | 43 | ||
| 5 Communicating With the Health Team | 44 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 44 | ||
| Objectives | 44 | ||
| Key Terms | 44 | ||
| Communication | 44 | ||
| The Medical Record | 45 | ||
| The Kardex or Care Summary | 46 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 46 | ||
| Assessment | 47 | ||
| The Minimum Data Set. | 47 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 47 | ||
| Planning | 49 | ||
| Care Conferences. | 50 | ||
| The Comprehensive Care Plan. | 50 | ||
| Implementation | 51 | ||
| Assignment Sheets. | 51 | ||
| Evaluation | 51 | ||
| Reporting and Recording | 51 | ||
| Reporting and Recording Time | 51 | ||
| Reporting | 52 | ||
| End-of-Shift Report. | 52 | ||
| Recording | 53 | ||
| Medical Terms and Abbreviations | 53 | ||
| Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes | 53 | ||
| Directional Terms | 53 | ||
| Abbreviations | 55 | ||
| Computers and Other Electronic Devices | 55 | ||
| Phone Communications | 55 | ||
| Dealing With Conflict | 55 | ||
| Resolving Conflict | 57 | ||
| Review Questions | 58 | ||
| 6 Understanding the Person | 59 | ||
| Objectives | 59 | ||
| Key Terms | 59 | ||
| Caring for the Person | 59 | ||
| Addressing the Person | 60 | ||
| Basic Needs | 60 | ||
| Culture and Religion | 60 | ||
| Behavior Issues | 61 | ||
| Communicating With the Person | 62 | ||
| Verbal Communication | 62 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 63 | ||
| Touch. | 64 | ||
| Body Language | 64 | ||
| Communication Methods | 65 | ||
| Listening. | 65 | ||
| Paraphrasing. | 65 | ||
| Direct Questions. | 65 | ||
| Open-Ended Questions. | 65 | ||
| Clarifying. | 65 | ||
| Focusing. | 65 | ||
| Silence. | 66 | ||
| Communication Barriers | 66 | ||
| Persons With Special Needs | 67 | ||
| Persons With Disabilities | 67 | ||
| The Person Who Is Comatose | 67 | ||
| Persons With Bariatric Needs | 67 | ||
| Family and Friends | 67 | ||
| Review Questions | 69 | ||
| 7 Body Structure and Function | 70 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 70 | ||
| Objectives | 70 | ||
| Key Terms | 70 | ||
| Cells, Tissues, and Organs | 70 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 72 | ||
| The Musculo-Skeletal System | 72 | ||
| Bones | 72 | ||
| Joints | 73 | ||
| Muscles | 74 | ||
| The Nervous System | 75 | ||
| The Central Nervous System | 76 | ||
| The Peripheral Nervous System | 76 | ||
| The Sense Organs | 77 | ||
| The Eye. | 77 | ||
| The Ear | 77 | ||
| The Circulatory System | 78 | ||
| The Blood | 78 | ||
| The Heart | 78 | ||
| The Blood Vessels | 79 | ||
| The Lymphatic System | 80 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 81 | ||
| The Digestive System | 81 | ||
| The Urinary System | 82 | ||
| The Reproductive System | 83 | ||
| The Male Reproductive System | 83 | ||
| The Female Reproductive System | 84 | ||
| Menstruation. | 85 | ||
| Fertilization | 85 | ||
| The Endocrine System | 85 | ||
| The Immune System | 86 | ||
| Review Questions | 88 | ||
| 8 Care of the Older Person | 89 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 89 | ||
| Objectives | 89 | ||
| Key Terms | 89 | ||
| Growth and Development | 89 | ||
| Social Changes | 90 | ||
| Physical Changes | 91 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 91 | ||
| The Musculo-Skeletal System | 92 | ||
| The Nervous System | 92 | ||
| The Senses. | 92 | ||
| The Circulatory System | 92 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 92 | ||
| The Digestive System | 92 | ||
| The Urinary System | 93 | ||
| The Reproductive System | 93 | ||
| Needing Nursing Center Care | 93 | ||
| Sexuality | 93 | ||
| Meeting Sexual Needs | 94 | ||
| The Sexually Aggressive Person | 94 | ||
| Protecting the Person | 95 | ||
| Review Questions | 96 | ||
| 9 Assisting With Safety | 97 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 97 | ||
| Objectives | 97 | ||
| Key Terms | 97 | ||
| Accident Risk Factors | 98 | ||
| Identifying the Person | 99 | ||
| Identifying Nursing Center Residents | 100 | ||
| Preventing Burns | 100 | ||
| Preventing Poisoning | 100 | ||
| Preventing Suffocation | 101 | ||
| Choking | 101 | ||
| Relieving Choking. | 102 | ||
| Self-Administered Abdominal Thrusts. | 104 | ||
| Preventing Equipment Accidents | 104 | ||
| Electrical Equipment | 105 | ||
| Wheelchair and Stretcher Safety | 105 | ||
| Handling Hazardous Substances | 106 | ||
| Labeling | 106 | ||
| Material Safety Data Sheets | 107 | ||
| Disasters | 107 | ||
| Bomb Threats | 107 | ||
| Fire Safety | 107 | ||
| Fire and the Use of Oxygen. | 108 | ||
| What to Do During a Fire. | 108 | ||
| Using a Fire Extinguisher. | 108 | ||
| Elopement | 109 | ||
| Workplace Violence | 109 | ||
| Risk Management | 110 | ||
| Color-Coded Wristbands | 111 | ||
| Personal Belongings | 111 | ||
| Reporting Incidents | 111 | ||
| Review Questions | 112 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 113.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 113.e1 | ||
| 10 Assisting With Fall Prevention | 114 | ||
| Objectives | 114 | ||
| Key Terms | 114 | ||
| Causes and Risk Factors for Falls | 115 | ||
| Fall Prevention | 115 | ||
| Bed Rails | 118 | ||
| Hand Rails and Grab Bars | 118 | ||
| Wheel Locks | 119 | ||
| Transfer/Gait Belts | 119 | ||
| The Falling Person | 121 | ||
| Review Questions | 123 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 123.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 123.e1 | ||
| 11 Restraint Alternatives and Safe Restraint Use | 124 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 124 | ||
| Objectives | 124 | ||
| Key Terms | 124 | ||
| History of Restraint Use | 125 | ||
| Restraint Alternatives | 125 | ||
| Safe Restraint Use | 126 | ||
| Physical and Chemical Restraints | 126 | ||
| Enablers. | 127 | ||
| Risks From Restraint Use | 127 | ||
| Legal Aspects | 128 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 128 | ||
| Reporting and Recording | 133 | ||
| Applying Restraints | 133 | ||
| Wrist Restraints. | 133 | ||
| Mitt Restraints. | 133 | ||
| Belt Restraints. | 133 | ||
| Vest Restraints and Jacket Restraints. | 133 | ||
| Review Questions | 138 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 138.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 138.e1 | ||
| 12 Preventing Infection | 139 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 139 | ||
| Objectives | 139 | ||
| Key Terms | 139 | ||
| Microorganisms | 140 | ||
| Requirements of Microbes | 140 | ||
| Multidrug-Resistant Organisms | 140 | ||
| Infection | 140 | ||
| The Chain of Infection | 141 | ||
| Susceptible Hosts. | 141 | ||
| Healthcare-Associated Infection | 141 | ||
| Medical Asepsis | 142 | ||
| Common Aseptic Practices | 142 | ||
| Hand Hygiene | 142 | ||
| Supplies and Equipment | 146 | ||
| Cleaning. | 146 | ||
| Disinfection. | 146 | ||
| Sterilization. | 146 | ||
| Other Aseptic Measures | 146 | ||
| Isolation Precautions | 148 | ||
| Standard Precautions | 148 | ||
| Transmission-Based Precautions | 148 | ||
| Gloves. | 153 | ||
| Gowns. | 153 | ||
| Masks and Respiratory Protection. | 155 | ||
| Goggles and Face Shields. | 156 | ||
| Bagging Items. | 156 | ||
| Collecting Specimens. | 156 | ||
| Transporting Persons. | 157 | ||
| Meeting Basic Needs | 157 | ||
| Bloodborne Pathogen Standard | 157 | ||
| Hepatitis B Vaccination | 157 | ||
| Engineering and Work Practice Controls | 158 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 158 | ||
| Equipment | 158 | ||
| Laundry | 158 | ||
| Exposure Incidents | 158 | ||
| Review Questions | 160 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 160.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 160.e1 | ||
| 13 Body Mechanics | 161 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 161 | ||
| Objectives | 161 | ||
| Key Terms | 161 | ||
| Principles of Body Mechanics | 161 | ||
| Ergonomics | 163 | ||
| Work-Related MSDs | 163 | ||
| Positioning the Person | 163 | ||
| Fowler’s Position | 164 | ||
| Supine Position | 164 | ||
| Prone Position | 165 | ||
| Lateral Position | 165 | ||
| Sims’ Position | 166 | ||
| Chair Position | 166 | ||
| Review Questions | 168 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 168.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 168.e1 | ||
| 14 Assisting With Moving and Transfers | 169 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 169 | ||
| Objectives | 169 | ||
| Key Terms | 169 | ||
| Preventing Work-Related Injuries | 170 | ||
| Protecting the Skin | 173 | ||
| Moving Persons in Bed | 174 | ||
| Moving the Person Up in Bed | 174 | ||
| Moving the Person Up in Bed With an Assist Device | 176 | ||
| Moving the Person to the Side of the Bed | 178 | ||
| Turning Persons | 180 | ||
| Logrolling | 182 | ||
| Sitting on the Side of the Bed (Dangling) | 183 | ||
| Transferring Persons | 186 | ||
| Transfer Belts | 186 | ||
| Bed to Chair or Wheelchair Transfers | 187 | ||
| Chair or Wheelchair to Bed Transfers | 190 | ||
| Mechanical Lifts | 191 | ||
| Slings. | 191 | ||
| Using a Mechanical Lift. | 192 | ||
| Transferring the Person To and From the Toilet | 194 | ||
| Re-Positioning in a Chair or Wheelchair | 195 | ||
| Review Questions | 197 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 197.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 197.e1 | ||
| 15 Assisting With Comfort | 198 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 198 | ||
| Objectives | 198 | ||
| Key Terms | 198 | ||
| The Person’s Unit | 198 | ||
| Comfort | 198 | ||
| Temperature and Ventilation | 199 | ||
| Odors | 199 | ||
| Noise | 200 | ||
| Lighting | 200 | ||
| Room Furniture and Equipment | 201 | ||
| The Bed | 201 | ||
| Bed Positions. | 202 | ||
| Bed Safety. | 203 | ||
| The Over-Bed Table | 205 | ||
| The Bedside Stand | 205 | ||
| Chairs | 205 | ||
| Privacy Curtains | 205 | ||
| The Call System | 205 | ||
| The Bathroom | 207 | ||
| Closet and Drawer Space | 207 | ||
| Other Equipment | 207 | ||
| Bedmaking | 208 | ||
| Types of Beds | 208 | ||
| Linens | 209 | ||
| Drawsheets and Waterproof Pads. | 210 | ||
| Making Beds | 211 | ||
| The Closed Bed. | 211 | ||
| The Open Bed. | 216 | ||
| The Occupied Bed. | 216 | ||
| The Surgical Bed. | 219 | ||
| Assisting With Pain Relief | 220 | ||
| Factors Affecting Pain | 221 | ||
| The Back Massage | 222 | ||
| Sleep | 224 | ||
| Factors Affecting Sleep | 224 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 224 | ||
| Review Questions | 226 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 226.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 226.e1 | ||
| 16 Assisting With Hygiene | 227 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 227 | ||
| Objectives | 227 | ||
| Key Terms | 227 | ||
| Daily Care | 228 | ||
| Oral Hygiene | 228 | ||
| Brushing and Flossing Teeth | 229 | ||
| Mouth Care for the Unconscious Person | 231 | ||
| Denture Care | 233 | ||
| Bathing | 235 | ||
| The Complete Bed Bath | 236 | ||
| The Partial Bath | 241 | ||
| Tub Baths and Showers | 242 | ||
| Tub Baths. | 242 | ||
| Showers. | 242 | ||
| Perineal Care | 245 | ||
| Review Questions | 250 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 250.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 250.e1 | ||
| 17 Assisting With Grooming | 251 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 251 | ||
| Objectives | 251 | ||
| Key Terms | 251 | ||
| Hair Care | 252 | ||
| Skin and Scalp Conditions | 252 | ||
| Brushing and Combing Hair | 253 | ||
| Shampooing | 254 | ||
| Shaving | 257 | ||
| Caring for Mustaches and Beards | 259 | ||
| Shaving Legs and Underarms | 259 | ||
| Nail and Foot Care | 260 | ||
| Changing Garments | 262 | ||
| Dressing and Undressing | 262 | ||
| Changing Patient Gowns | 267 | ||
| Review Questions | 270 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 270.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 270.e1 | ||
| 18 Assisting With Urinary Elimination | 271 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 271 | ||
| Objectives | 271 | ||
| Key Terms | 271 | ||
| Normal Urination | 272 | ||
| Observations | 272 | ||
| Bedpans | 273 | ||
| Urinals | 276 | ||
| Commodes | 277 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 279 | ||
| Managing Incontinence | 279 | ||
| Applying Incontinence Products | 280 | ||
| Catheters | 283 | ||
| Drainage Systems | 287 | ||
| Condom Catheters | 289 | ||
| Bladder Training | 291 | ||
| Review Questions | 293 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 293.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 293.e1 | ||
| 19 Assisting With Bowel Elimination | 294 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 294 | ||
| Objectives | 294 | ||
| Key Terms | 294 | ||
| Normal Bowel Elimination | 295 | ||
| Observations | 295 | ||
| Factors Affecting BMs | 296 | ||
| Safety and Comfort | 296 | ||
| Common Problems | 297 | ||
| Constipation | 297 | ||
| Fecal Impaction | 297 | ||
| Diarrhea | 297 | ||
| Fecal Incontinence | 298 | ||
| Flatulence | 298 | ||
| Bowel Training | 298 | ||
| Enemas | 298 | ||
| The Cleansing Enema | 300 | ||
| The Small-Volume Enema | 302 | ||
| The Oil-Retention Enema | 303 | ||
| The Person With an Ostomy | 304 | ||
| Colostomy | 304 | ||
| Ileostomy | 304 | ||
| Ostomy Pouches | 305 | ||
| Review Questions | 306 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 306.e1 | ||
| As part of your Pageburst Digital Book, you can access the following Integrated Resources: | 306.e1 | ||
| 20 Assisting With Nutrition and Fluids | 307 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 307 | ||
| Objectives | 307 | ||
| Key Terms | 307 | ||
| Basic Nutrition | 308 | ||
| MyPlate | 308 | ||
| Grains Group. | 309 | ||
| Vegetable Group. | 309 | ||
| Fruit Group. | 310 | ||
| Dairy Group. | 310 | ||
| Protein Foods Group. | 310 | ||
| Oils. | 310 | ||
| Nutrients | 310 | ||
| Factors Affecting Eating and Nutrition | 311 | ||
| OBRA Dietary Requirements | 312 | ||
| Special Diets | 312 | ||
| The Sodium-Controlled Diet | 312 | ||
| Diabetes Meal Plan | 315 | ||
| The Dysphagia Diet | 315 | ||
| Fluid Balance | 316 | ||
| Normal Fluid Requirements | 316 | ||
| Special Fluid Orders | 316 | ||
| Meeting Food and Fluid Needs | 316 | ||
| Preparing for Meals | 316 | ||
| Dining Programs | 318 | ||
| Serving Meals | 318 | ||
| Feeding the Person | 319 | ||
| Between-Meal Snacks | 322 | ||
| Calorie Counts | 322 | ||
| Providing Drinking Water | 322 | ||
| Assisting With Special Needs | 324 | ||
| Enteral Nutrition | 324 | ||
| Observations. | 324 | ||
| Preventing Aspiration. | 324 | ||
| Comfort Measures. | 325 | ||
| IV Therapy | 325 | ||
| Flow Rate. | 326 | ||
| Assisting With IV Therapy. | 326 | ||
| Review Questions | 327 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 328.e1 | ||
| 21 Assisting With Assessment | 329 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 329 | ||
| Objectives | 329 | ||
| Key Terms | 329 | ||
| Vital Signs | 330 | ||
| Body Temperature | 331 | ||
| Temperature Sites. | 331 | ||
| Thermometers. | 332 | ||
| Taking Temperatures. | 332 | ||
| Electronic Thermometers. | 333 | ||
| Glass Thermometers. | 336 | ||
| Pulse | 339 | ||
| Using a Stethoscope. | 339 | ||
| Pulse Rate. | 340 | ||
| Rhythm and Force of the Pulse. | 340 | ||
| Taking Pulses. | 340 | ||
| Respirations | 342 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 343 | ||
| Normal and Abnormal Blood Pressures. | 343 | ||
| Equipment. | 344 | ||
| Measuring Blood Pressure. | 345 | ||
| Pain | 347 | ||
| Types of Pain | 347 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Pain | 348 | ||
| Intake and Output | 349 | ||
| Measuring Intake and Output. | 349 | ||
| Weight and Height | 352 | ||
| Review Questions | 355 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 355.e1 | ||
| 22 Assisting With Specimens | 356 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 356 | ||
| Objectives | 356 | ||
| Key Terms | 356 | ||
| Urine Specimens | 357 | ||
| The Random Urine Specimen | 357 | ||
| The Midstream Specimen | 359 | ||
| The 24-Hour Urine Specimen | 360 | ||
| Testing Urine | 360 | ||
| Using Reagent Strips. | 361 | ||
| Stool Specimens | 362 | ||
| Sputum Specimens | 364 | ||
| Review Questions | 366 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 366.e1 | ||
| 23 Assisting With Exercise and Activity | 367 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 367 | ||
| Objectives | 367 | ||
| Key Terms | 367 | ||
| Bedrest | 368 | ||
| Complications From Bedrest | 368 | ||
| Positioning | 369 | ||
| Exercise | 370 | ||
| Range-of-Motion Exercises | 370 | ||
| Ambulation | 375 | ||
| Walking Aids | 377 | ||
| Crutches. | 377 | ||
| Walkers. | 377 | ||
| Canes. | 378 | ||
| Braces. | 379 | ||
| Review Questions | 380 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 380.e1 | ||
| 24 Assisting With Wound Care | 381 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 381 | ||
| Objectives | 381 | ||
| Key Terms | 381 | ||
| Skin Tears | 382 | ||
| Circulatory Ulcers | 383 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment | 384 | ||
| Elastic Stockings. | 384 | ||
| Elastic Bandages. | 386 | ||
| Dressings | 388 | ||
| Securing Dressings | 388 | ||
| Tape. | 388 | ||
| Montgomery Ties. | 388 | ||
| Applying Dressings | 389 | ||
| Binders and Compression Garments | 391 | ||
| Heat and Cold Applications | 392 | ||
| Heat Applications | 392 | ||
| Complications. | 392 | ||
| Moist and Dry Heat Applications. | 392 | ||
| Cold Applications | 394 | ||
| Complications. | 394 | ||
| Moist and Dry Cold Applications. | 394 | ||
| Applying Heat and Cold | 394 | ||
| Review Questions | 398 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 398.e1 | ||
| 25 Assisting With Pressure Ulcers | 399 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 399 | ||
| Objectives | 399 | ||
| Key Terms | 399 | ||
| Risk Factors | 401 | ||
| Persons at Risk | 401 | ||
| Pressure Ulcer Stages | 402 | ||
| Sites | 403 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment | 403 | ||
| Protective Devices | 405 | ||
| Complications | 406 | ||
| Review Questions | 407 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 407.e1 | ||
| 26 Assisting With Oxygen Needs | 408 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 408 | ||
| Objectives | 408 | ||
| Key Terms | 408 | ||
| Altered Respiratory Function | 408 | ||
| Abnormal Respirations | 409 | ||
| Meeting Oxygen Needs | 410 | ||
| Positioning | 410 | ||
| Deep Breathing and Coughing | 410 | ||
| Assisting With Oxygen Therapy | 412 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry | 413 | ||
| Oxygen Sources | 414 | ||
| Oxygen Devices | 416 | ||
| Oxygen Flow Rates | 416 | ||
| Oxygen Safety | 416 | ||
| Review Questions | 418 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 418.e1 | ||
| 27 Assisting With Rehabilitation and Restorative Nursing Care | 419 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 419 | ||
| Objectives | 419 | ||
| Key Terms | 419 | ||
| Restorative Nursing | 419 | ||
| Restorative Aides | 420 | ||
| Rehabilitation and the Whole Person | 420 | ||
| Physical Aspects | 420 | ||
| Elimination. | 420 | ||
| Self-Care. | 420 | ||
| Mobility. | 422 | ||
| Nutrition. | 422 | ||
| Communication. | 422 | ||
| Psychological and Social Aspects | 422 | ||
| The Rehabilitation Team | 423 | ||
| Your Role | 423 | ||
| Rehabilitation Programs and Services | 423 | ||
| Quality of Life | 423 | ||
| Review Questions | 425 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 425.e1 | ||
| 28 Caring for Persons With Common Health Problems | 426 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 426 | ||
| Objectives | 426 | ||
| Key Terms | 426 | ||
| Cancer | 427 | ||
| Cancer Risk Factors | 427 | ||
| Cancer Treatment | 428 | ||
| The Person’s Needs | 428 | ||
| Musculo-Skeletal Disorders | 428 | ||
| Arthritis | 428 | ||
| Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease). | 428 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis. | 429 | ||
| Joint Replacement Surgery. | 429 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 430 | ||
| Fractures | 431 | ||
| Hip Fractures. | 432 | ||
| Loss of Limb | 433 | ||
| Nervous System Disorders | 434 | ||
| Stroke | 434 | ||
| Aphasia | 435 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease | 435 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 436 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 436 | ||
| Head Injury | 436 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injury | 437 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 437 | ||
| Hearing Aids | 438 | ||
| Eye Disorders | 439 | ||
| Impaired Vision and Blindness | 441 | ||
| Corrective Lenses | 443 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disorders | 444 | ||
| Hypertension | 444 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 444 | ||
| Angina | 445 | ||
| Myocardial Infarction | 446 | ||
| Heart Failure | 446 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 446 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 446 | ||
| Chronic Bronchitis. | 447 | ||
| Emphysema. | 447 | ||
| Asthma | 447 | ||
| Influenza | 447 | ||
| Pneumonia | 448 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 448 | ||
| Digestive Disorders | 448 | ||
| Vomiting | 448 | ||
| Diverticular Disease | 449 | ||
| Hepatitis | 449 | ||
| Urinary System Disorders | 450 | ||
| Prostate Enlargement | 450 | ||
| Reproductive Disorders | 451 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases | 451 | ||
| Endocrine Disorders | 451 | ||
| Diabetes | 451 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes. | 451 | ||
| Complications of Diabetes. | 451 | ||
| Diabetes Treatment. | 451 | ||
| Immune System Disorders | 452 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders | 452 | ||
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | 452 | ||
| Skin Disorders | 453 | ||
| Shingles | 453 | ||
| Review Questions | 455 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 456.e1 | ||
| 29 Caring for Persons With Mental Health Disorders | 457 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 457 | ||
| Objectives | 457 | ||
| Key Terms | 457 | ||
| Basic Concepts | 458 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 458 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 460 | ||
| Bipolar Disorder | 460 | ||
| Depression | 460 | ||
| Depression in Older Persons | 461 | ||
| Personality Disorders | 461 | ||
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 461 | ||
| Borderline Personality Disorder | 461 | ||
| Substance Abuse and Addiction | 462 | ||
| Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse | 462 | ||
| Drug Abuse and Addiction | 462 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 463 | ||
| Suicide | 463 | ||
| Suicide Contagion | 463 | ||
| Care and Treatment | 464 | ||
| Review Questions | 465 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 465.e1 | ||
| 30 Caring for Persons With Confusion and Dementia | 466 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 466 | ||
| Objectives | 466 | ||
| Key Terms | 466 | ||
| Confusion | 466 | ||
| Dementia | 467 | ||
| Delirium | 468 | ||
| Depression | 468 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 468 | ||
| Signs of AD | 468 | ||
| Stages of AD | 470 | ||
| Behaviors and Problems | 470 | ||
| Wandering and Getting Lost. | 471 | ||
| MedicAlert® + Alzheimer’s Association Safe Return.® | 472 | ||
| Sundowning. | 472 | ||
| Hallucinations and Delusions. | 472 | ||
| Paranoia. | 472 | ||
| Catastrophic Reactions. | 472 | ||
| Agitation and Aggression. | 472 | ||
| Communication Problems. | 473 | ||
| Screaming. | 473 | ||
| Repetitive Behaviors. | 474 | ||
| Changes in Intimacy and Sexuality. | 474 | ||
| Rummaging and Hiding Things. | 474 | ||
| Care of Persons with AD and Other Dementias | 475 | ||
| The Family | 479 | ||
| Validation Therapy | 480 | ||
| Review Questions | 481 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 481.e1 | ||
| 31 Assisting With Emergency Care | 482 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 482 | ||
| Objectives | 482 | ||
| Key Terms | 482 | ||
| Emergency Care | 483 | ||
| BLS for Adults | 484 | ||
| Chain of Survival for Adults | 484 | ||
| Sudden Cardiac Arrest | 484 | ||
| Respiratory Arrest | 484 | ||
| Rescue Breathing. | 484 | ||
| CPR for Adults | 485 | ||
| Chest Compressions. | 485 | ||
| Airway. | 486 | ||
| Breathing. | 487 | ||
| Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing. | 487 | ||
| Barrier Device Breathing. | 487 | ||
| Defibrillation. | 487 | ||
| Performing Adult CPR. | 488 | ||
| Hands-Only CPR. | 491 | ||
| Recovery Position | 491 | ||
| Choking | 491 | ||
| Hemorrhage | 491 | ||
| Fainting | 492 | ||
| Shock | 492 | ||
| Anaphylactic Shock | 492 | ||
| Stroke | 493 | ||
| Seizures | 493 | ||
| Emergency Care for Seizures | 493 | ||
| Burns | 494 | ||
| Review Questions | 495 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 495.e1 | ||
| 32 Assisting With End-of-Life Care | 496 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 496 | ||
| Objectives | 496 | ||
| Key Terms | 496 | ||
| Terminal Illness | 497 | ||
| Types of Care | 497 | ||
| Attitudes About Death | 497 | ||
| Cultural and Spiritual Needs | 497 | ||
| Age | 497 | ||
| The Stages of Dying | 498 | ||
| Comfort Needs | 498 | ||
| Physical Needs | 499 | ||
| Pain. | 499 | ||
| Breathing Problems. | 499 | ||
| Vision, Hearing, and Speech. | 499 | ||
| Mouth, Nose, and Skin. | 499 | ||
| Nutrition. | 499 | ||
| Elimination. | 499 | ||
| The Person’s Room. | 499 | ||
| Mental and Emotional Needs | 499 | ||
| The Family | 500 | ||
| Legal Issues | 500 | ||
| Advance Directives | 500 | ||
| Living Wills. | 500 | ||
| Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. | 500 | ||
| ”Do Not Resuscitate” Orders | 500 | ||
| Signs of Death | 500 | ||
| Care of the Body After Death | 500 | ||
| Review Questions | 503 | ||
| Pageburst Integrated Resources | 503.e1 | ||
| Review Question Answers | 504 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 504 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 29 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 30 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 505 | ||
| Chapter 32 | 505 | ||
| Appendix A | 506 | ||
| The Patient Care Partnership: Understanding Expectations, Rights, and Responsibilities | 506 | ||
| What to Expect During Your Hospital Stay | 506 | ||
| Appendix B | 507 | ||
| National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP®) Written Examination Content Outline | 507 | ||
| National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP®) Skills Evaluation | 507 | ||
| List of Skills | 507 | ||
| Online_Introduction 2 | e2 | ||
| Appendix C | 508 | ||
| Job Application | 508 | ||
| Appendix D | 510 | ||
| Minimum Data Set: Selected Pages | 510 | ||
| Sample Pages from Functional Status Form | 510 | ||
| Sample Page from Care Assessment (CAA) Summary | 512 | ||
| Illustration Credits | 513 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 513 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 514 | ||
| Chapter 30 | 514 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 514 | ||
| Glossary | 515 | ||
| A | 515 | ||
| B | 515 | ||
| C | 515 | ||
| D | 516 | ||
| E | 516 | ||
| F | 517 | ||
| G | 517 | ||
| H | 517 | ||
| I | 517 | ||
| J | 518 | ||
| K | 518 | ||
| L | 518 | ||
| M | 518 | ||
| N | 518 | ||
| O | 519 | ||
| P | 519 | ||
| Q | 519 | ||
| R | 519 | ||
| S | 520 | ||
| T | 521 | ||
| U | 521 | ||
| V | 521 | ||
| W | 521 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 522 | ||
| Index | 523 | ||
| A | 523 | ||
| B | 523 | ||
| C | 524 | ||
| D | 525 | ||
| E | 525 | ||
| F | 526 | ||
| G | 526 | ||
| H | 527 | ||
| I | 527 | ||
| J | 527 | ||
| K | 527 | ||
| L | 527 | ||
| M | 527 | ||
| N | 528 | ||
| O | 528 | ||
| P | 529 | ||
| Q | 530 | ||
| R | 530 | ||
| S | 530 | ||
| T | 531 | ||
| U | 531 | ||
| V | 532 | ||
| W | 532 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 | ||
| Laminated card | ibc2 |