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Book Details
Abstract
Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of pediatric orthopaedic trauma experts! Considered as the "go-to" reference for orthopaedic trauma surgeons and pediatric orthopaedic trauma surgeons, Green’s Skeletal Trauma in Children presents practical, focused guidance on managing traumatic musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents. It emphasizes the unique aspects of children's fractures in terms of epidemiology, mechanisms, management, and the challenges of treating the skeletally immature patient. State-of-the-art coverage includes crucial chapters on skeletal trauma related to child abuse, anesthesia and analgesia, management of children’s fractures, and outcome measures and rehabilitation.
- Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information about the impact of trauma to the immature and growing skeleton with comprehensive coverage of incidence, mechanisms of injury, classifications, and treatment options and complications for fractures in all major anatomical regions.
- Benefit from the masterful guidance by the most trusted global authorities in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma care.
- Make the best use of the newest techniques by effectively applying problem-focused clinical judgment and state-of-the art treatment options found in this reference.
- Gain new insights on overcoming unique challenges of treating pediatric sports injuries.
- Rely on a unique emphasis on outcomes assessment of children’s fractures to make the most valid clinical decisions.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | IFC | ||
| Green’s Skeletal Trauma in Children | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiii | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | xv | ||
| Contents | xvii | ||
| Video Contents | xix | ||
| Chapter 1 - Skeletal Growth, Development, and Healing as Related to Pediatric Trauma | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS, AND INJURY MECHANISMS | 1 | ||
| FORMATION OF BONE | 2 | ||
| REGULATION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | 3 | ||
| BIOLOGY OF FRACTURE HEALING | 4 | ||
| PHYSEAL FRACTURE HEALING | 6 | ||
| DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT FRACTURE HEALING | 6 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF CHILDREN’S FRACTURES | 11 | ||
| SUMMARY | 14 | ||
| References | 14 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Physeal Injuries | 16 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 16 | ||
| RELEVANT BASIC SCIENCE | 16 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 17 | ||
| MECHANISM OF INJURY | 17 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 18 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 20 | ||
| TREATMENT | 20 | ||
| ISSUES BASED ON SPECIFIC ANATOMIC LOCATION | 24 | ||
| OTHER MECHANISMS OF PHYSEAL INJURY | 25 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 28 | ||
| CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT | 30 | ||
| TREATMENT | 31 | ||
| APOPHYSEAL INJURIES | 33 | ||
| References | 35 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Casting Techniques | 36 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 36 | ||
| GENERAL CAST PRINCIPLES | 36 | ||
| BODY JACKETS | 36 | ||
| SPICA CASTING | 36 | ||
| UPPER EXTREMITY SPLINTING AND CASTING | 38 | ||
| LOWER EXTREMITY SPLINTING | 40 | ||
| SHORT LEG CAST | 40 | ||
| LONG LEG CAST | 40 | ||
| CAST WEDGING | 41 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF CASTING | 42 | ||
| CAST-SAW BURNS AND CAST REMOVAL | 42 | ||
| References | 42 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Pathologic Fractures in Children | 44 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 44 | ||
| BONE PHYSIOLOGY | 44 | ||
| OUTCOME TRIANGLE | 45 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 57 | ||
| References | 58 | ||
| Chapter 5 - The Multiply Injured Child | 59 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 59 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 59 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 61 | ||
| MECHANISM OF INJURY | 61 | ||
| ASSOCIATED INJURIES | 62 | ||
| TRAUMA SCORING SYSTEMS | 64 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF INJURY | 66 | ||
| TRAUMA EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT | 67 | ||
| FRACTURE MANAGEMENT IN THE MULTIPLY INJURED CHILD | 77 | ||
| REHABILITATION | 81 | ||
| References | 83 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Fractures with Soft Tissue Injuries | 86 | ||
| CHARACTERISTICS | 86 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 86 | ||
| TREATMENT PLAN | 90 | ||
| TRAUMATIC AMPUTATIONS AND RELATED INJURIES | 95 | ||
| ACHIEVING BONE UNION | 96 | ||
| FRACTURE FIXATION | 96 | ||
| References | 102 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Complications of Fractures in Children | 105 | ||
| VASCULAR INJURIES | 105 | ||
| COMPARTMENT SYNDROMES | 107 | ||
| FAT EMBOLISM | 108 | ||
| HYPERCALCEMIA OF IMMOBILIZATION | 109 | ||
| ECTOPIC BONE FORMATION | 109 | ||
| SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME (CAST SYNDROME) | 110 | ||
| TRACTION-INDUCED HYPERTENSION | 110 | ||
| SPONTANEOUS DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS | 111 | ||
| MALUNION | 111 | ||
| SYNOSTOSIS (CROSS UNION) | 114 | ||
| LATE ANGULATION | 114 | ||
| INJURY TO THE TRIRADIATE CARTILAGE | 115 | ||
| FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL SHAFT: THE OVERGROWTH PHENOMENON | 116 | ||
| GROWTH DISTURBANCES | 116 | ||
| NONUNION | 119 | ||
| REFRACTURE | 121 | ||
| LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY | 121 | ||
| NERVE INJURIES | 122 | ||
| REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY | 123 | ||
| References | 124 | ||
| The level of evidence (LOE) is determined according to the criteria provided in the Preface | 124 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Outcomes Assessment of Fractures in Children | 130 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 130 | ||
| WHAT ARE OUTCOMES? | 130 | ||
| FRAMEWORKS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE AND THE EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES | 130 | ||
| OUTCOME MEASURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 132 | ||
| OUTCOME MEASURES FOR PEDIATRIC FRACTURES | 134 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF GOAL-BASED OUTCOME MEASURES FOR PEDIATRIC FRACTURES | 138 | ||
| OTHER CONSIDERATIONS | 139 | ||
| References | 139 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Fractures and Dislocations of the Forearm, Wrist, and Hand | 142 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: SCOPE AND PURPOSE | 142 | ||
| MECHANISM OF INJURY/BIOMECHANICS | 142 | ||
| EVALUATION | 143 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 143 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 144 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 175 | ||
| References | 177 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Fractures and Dislocations about the Elbow | 182 | ||
| INTRODUCTON | 182 | ||
| DISTAL HUMERAL ANATOMY | 182 | ||
| SECTION I: SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS | 186 | ||
| SECTION II: PHYSEAL FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS ABOUT THE ELBOW | 213 | ||
| References | 240 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Fractures and Dislocations about the Shoulder | 246 | ||
| CLAVICLE | 246 | ||
| ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT INJURY | 251 | ||
| SCAPULA | 252 | ||
| GLENOHUMERAL JOINT DISLOCATION | 255 | ||
| PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURES | 257 | ||
| SUBSCAPULARIS AVULSION (LESSER TUBEROSITY APOPHYSIS) FRACTURES | 262 | ||
| HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES | 262 | ||
| References | 266 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Fractures of the Spine | 270 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 270 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY | 270 | ||
| RELEVANT ANATOMY | 271 | ||
| CHARACTERISTICS OF SPINAL INJURY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS | 272 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 273 | ||
| RADIOLOGY OF THE SPINE | 276 | ||
| SPINAL CORD INJURY IN CHILDREN | 283 | ||
| SPECIFIC CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES | 288 | ||
| THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES | 298 | ||
| References | 304 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Fractures and Dislocations about the Hip and Pelvis | 311 | ||
| SECTION I: PELVIC FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS | 311 | ||
| SECTION II: PROXIMAL FEMORAL FRACTURES | 336 | ||
| SECTION III: HIP DISLOCATIONS | 352 | ||
| References | 359 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Fractures of the Femoral Shaft | 365 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: SCOPE AND PURPOSE | 365 | ||
| ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT | 365 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS AND MECHANISM OF INJURY | 366 | ||
| EVALUATION | 367 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 368 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 369 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 381 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO TREATMENTS | 382 | ||
| GUIDELINES | 387 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 387 | ||
| References | 387 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Fractures around the Knee in Children | 390 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 390 | ||
| FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL FEMORAL METAPHYSIS | 390 | ||
| FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL FEMORAL PHYSIS | 396 | ||
| OSTEOCHONDRAL FRACTURES | 403 | ||
| FRACTURES OF THE PATELLA | 405 | ||
| TIBIAL EMINENCE FRACTURE | 408 | ||
| TIBIAL TUBERCLE FRACTURE | 414 | ||
| FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL TIBIAL PHYSIS | 418 | ||
| PROXIMAL TIBIAL METAPHYSEAL FRACTURES | 425 | ||
| PROXIMAL FIBULAR METAPHYSEAL AND PHYSEAL FRACTURES | 427 | ||
| OPEN INJURIES IN THE KNEE REGION | 427 | ||
| PATELLAR DISLOCATION | 428 | ||
| References | 432 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Fractures of the Tibia and Fibula | 437 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 437 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 437 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 438 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 439 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 465 | ||
| References | 470 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Fractures and Dislocations of the Foot and Ankle | 473 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 473 | ||
| THE ANKLE | 473 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF INJURIES TO THE DISTAL TIBIAL AND FIBULAR GROWTH PLATES | 495 | ||
| THE FOOT | 502 | ||
| APHORISMS FOR ANKLE AND FOOT INJURIES | 538 | ||
| References | 540 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Nonaccidental Trauma | 543 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 543 | ||
| LEGAL ASPECTS | 543 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 543 | ||
| FORMS OF ABUSE AND NEGLECT | 543 | ||
| PHYSICAL ABUSE | 544 | ||
| SPECIFIC FRACTURES | 552 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 560 | ||
| References | 561 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Ambulatory Management of Children’s Fractures | 564 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 564 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT IN CHILDREN | 564 | ||
| ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES | 565 | ||
| SEDATION | 571 | ||
| SUMMARY | 575 | ||
| References | 575 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Rehabilitation of the Child with | 578 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 578 | ||
| PEDIATRIC POLYTRAUMA | 578 | ||
| INPATIENT REHABILITATION | 578 | ||
| REHABILITATION OF FRACTURES | 578 | ||
| PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY AND ELECTRODIAGNOSIS | 581 | ||
| SPINAL CORD INJURY | 582 | ||
| TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY | 584 | ||
| PREVENTION OF REINJURY | 590 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | 591 | ||
| References | 591 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Skeletal Trauma in Young Athletes | 594 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 594 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YOUTH SPORTS | 594 | ||
| INFLUENCE OF GENDER | 594 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE SKELETALLY IMMATURE JOINT AND LIGAMENTS | 594 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT OF THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENT | 595 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 596 | ||
| SPORT INJURIES TO THE UPPER EXTREMITY | 596 | ||
| WRIST INJURIES | 601 | ||
| PELVIC AND HIP INJURIES | 602 | ||
| KNEE INJURIES | 603 | ||
| References | 620 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Nerve Injury and Repair in Children | 631 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 631 | ||
| CHILDREN ARE NOT SMALL ADULTS | 631 | ||
| TYPES OF NERVE INJURIES/WHAT HAPPENS AFTER NERVE INJURY | 632 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES | 633 | ||
| DEMYSTIFYING TREATMENT OF NERVE INJURIES | 634 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS | 634 | ||
| NERVE INJURIES AFTER A FRACTURE | 636 | ||
| NERVE INJURIES AFTER A DISLOCATION | 637 | ||
| NERVE INJURY AFTER A LACERATION OR PENETRATING TRAUMA | 639 | ||
| IATROGENIC NERVE INJURIES | 640 | ||
| NERVE INJURY SECONDARY TO COMPARTMENT SYNDROME | 640 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 643 | ||
| References | 643 | ||
| Index | 645 | ||
| IBC | IBC |