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Book Details
Abstract
Take advantage of the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances in pediatric cardiology. Every topic and chapter has been revised and updated to reflect the latest medical and surgical treatments for all congenital and acquired heart diseases. New surgical approaches, including hybrid procedures, have been updated. A special focus has been placed on noninvasive imaging techniques, normative blood pressure standards, suggested approaches to pediatric hypertension, detection and management of lipid abnormalities as recommended by the Expert Panel, pediatric arrhythmias (including long QT syndrome), and much more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Park's Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners\r | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Frequently Used Abbreviations | ix | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| PART 1 -\rBASIC TOOLS IN ROUTINE\rEVALUATION OF\rCARDIAC PATIENTS | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 -\rHistory Taking | 3 | ||
| Gestational and Natal History | 3 | ||
| Postnatal History | 4 | ||
| Family History | 7 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Physical Examination | 9 | ||
| Growth Pattern | 9 | ||
| Inspection | 9 | ||
| Palpation | 16 | ||
| Blood Pressure Measurement | 18 | ||
| Auscultation | 24 | ||
| Some Special Features of the Cardiac Examination of Neonates | 39 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Electrocardiography | 41 | ||
| What Is the Vectorial Approach? | 41 | ||
| Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Electrocardiograms | 44 | ||
| Basic Measurements and Their Normal and Abnormal Values | 45 | ||
| Atrial Hypertrophy | 53 | ||
| Ventricular Hypertrophy | 54 | ||
| Ventricular Conduction Disturbances | 57 | ||
| ST-Segment and T-Wave Changes | 62 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Chest Radiography | 67 | ||
| Heart Size and Silhouette | 67 | ||
| Evaluation of Cardiac Chambers and Great Arteries | 69 | ||
| Pulmonary Vascular Markings | 71 | ||
| Systematic Approach | 72 | ||
| PART 2 -\rSPECIAL TOOLS IN\rEVALUATION OF\rCARDIAC PATIENTS | 75 | ||
| Chapter 5 -\rNoninvasive Imaging Tools | 77 | ||
| Echocardiography | 77 | ||
| Radiologic Techniques: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography | 92 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Other Noninvasive Investigation Tools | 96 | ||
| Stress Testing | 96 | ||
| Long-Term Electrocardiography Recording | 103 | ||
| Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring | 105 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Invasive Procedures | 108 | ||
| Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography | 108 | ||
| Catheter Intervention Procedures | 113 | ||
| PART 3 -\rPATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 117 | ||
| Chapter 8 -\rFetal and Perinatal Circulation | 119 | ||
| Fetal Circulation | 119 | ||
| Changes in Circulation after Birth | 120 | ||
| Premature Newborns | 123 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Pathophysiology of Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions | 124 | ||
| Atrial Septal Defect | 124 | ||
| Ventricular Septal Defect | 126 | ||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 128 | ||
| Endocardial Cushion Defect | 129 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Pathophysiology of Obstructive and Valvular Regurgitation Lesions | 131 | ||
| Obstruction to Ventricular Output | 131 | ||
| Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves | 134 | ||
| Valvular Regurgitant Lesions | 135 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Pathophysiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects | 137 | ||
| Clinical Cyanosis | 137 | ||
| Common Cyanotic Heart Defects | 142 | ||
| PART 4 - SPECIFIC CONGENITAL\rHEART DEFECTS\r | 153 | ||
| Chapter 12 -\rLeft-to-Right Shunt Lesions | 155 | ||
| Atrial Septal Defect | 155 | ||
| Ventricular Septal Defect | 160 | ||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 168 | ||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates | 172 | ||
| Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect | 174 | ||
| Partial Endocardial Cushion Defect | 180 | ||
| Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | 181 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Obstructive Lesions | 184 | ||
| Pulmonary Stenosis | 184 | ||
| Aortic Stenosis | 188 | ||
| Natural History | 192 | ||
| Coarctation of the Aorta | 195 | ||
| Interrupted Aortic Arch | 204 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects | 206 | ||
| Approach to a Cyanotic Neonate | 206 | ||
| Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries | 208 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 223 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve | 236 | ||
| Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | 237 | ||
| Tricuspid Atresia | 242 | ||
| Results of Fontan Operation | 250 | ||
| Postoperative Medical Follow-up | 250 | ||
| Evolution of the Fontan-Type Operation | 251 | ||
| Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum | 252 | ||
| Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome | 258 | ||
| Ebstein’s Anomaly | 263 | ||
| Persistent Truncus Arteriosus | 268 | ||
| Single Ventricle | 272 | ||
| Double-Outlet Right Ventricle | 276 | ||
| Heterotaxia (Atrial Isomerism, Splenic Syndromes) | 280 | ||
| Asplenia Syndrome | 281 | ||
| Polysplenia Syndrome | 285 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Conditions | 290 | ||
| Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva | 290 | ||
| Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, ALCAPA Syndrome) | 290 | ||
| Aortopulmonary Septal Defect | 293 | ||
| Arteriovenous Fistula, Coronary | 293 | ||
| Arteriovenous Fistula, Pulmonary | 294 | ||
| Arteriovenous Fistula, Systemic | 295 | ||
| Atrial Septal Aneurysm | 296 | ||
| Cervical Aortic Arch | 296 | ||
| Cleft Mitral Valve | 296 | ||
| Common Atrium (or Single Atrium) | 296 | ||
| Cor Triatriatum | 297 | ||
| Double-Chambered Right Ventricle | 297 | ||
| Ectopia Cordis | 298 | ||
| Hemitruncus Arteriosus | 298 | ||
| Idiopathic Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery | 299 | ||
| Kartagener’s Syndrome | 299 | ||
| Parachute Mitral Valve | 299 | ||
| Patent Foramen Ovale | 299 | ||
| Pericardial Defect, Congenital | 300 | ||
| Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta | 301 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Stenosis | 301 | ||
| Pulmonary Vein Stenosis | 302 | ||
| Scimitar Syndrome | 304 | ||
| Systemic Venous Anomalies | 304 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Vascular Ring | 307 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Chamber Localization and Cardiac Malposition | 314 | ||
| Chamber Localization | 314 | ||
| Dextrocardia and Mesocardia | 317 | ||
| PART 5 -\rACQUIRED HEART DISEASE | 319 | ||
| Chapter 18 -\rPrimary Myocardial Disease | 321 | ||
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | 321 | ||
| Infants of Mothers with Diabetes | 328 | ||
| Other Rare Forms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies | 330 | ||
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | 330 | ||
| Endocardial Fibroelastosis | 334 | ||
| Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy | 335 | ||
| Carnitine Deficiency | 337 | ||
| Other Forms of Dilated Cardiomyopathies | 337 | ||
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy | 338 | ||
| Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy | 339 | ||
| Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy | 340 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Cardiovascular Infections | 342 | ||
| Infective Endocarditis | 342 | ||
| Myocarditis | 350 | ||
| Pericarditis | 352 | ||
| Constrictive Pericarditis | 354 | ||
| Kawasaki’s Disease | 354 | ||
| Lyme Carditis | 361 | ||
| Postpericardiotomy Syndrome | 364 | ||
| Postperfusion Syndrome | 364 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection | 365 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Acute Rheumatic Fever | 367 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Valvular Heart Disease | 375 | ||
| Mitral Stenosis | 375 | ||
| Mitral Regurgitation | 378 | ||
| Aortic Regurgitation | 381 | ||
| Mitral Valve Prolapse | 383 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Cardiac Tumors | 387 | ||
| Prevalence | 387 | ||
| Pathology | 387 | ||
| Pathology of Individual Cardiac Tumor | 387 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 389 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 389 | ||
| Management | 391 | ||
| Chapter 23 - Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Diseases | 392 | ||
| Acute Glomerulonephritis | 392 | ||
| DiGeorge Syndrome | 392 | ||
| Friedreich’s Ataxia | 393 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism: Congenital and Acquired | 394 | ||
| Hypothyroidism: Congenital and Acquired | 394 | ||
| Marfan’s Syndrome | 395 | ||
| Mucopolysaccharidoses | 397 | ||
| Muscular Dystrophy | 397 | ||
| Myotonic Dystrophy | 398 | ||
| Noonan Syndrome | 398 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 399 | ||
| Sickle Cell Anemia | 399 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 400 | ||
| Turner Syndrome | 400 | ||
| Williams Syndrome | 401 | ||
| PART 6 - ARRHYTHMIAS AND\rATRIOVENTRICULAR\rCONDUCTION DISTURBANCES\r | 405 | ||
| Chapter 24 -\rCardiac Arrhythmias | 407 | ||
| Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node | 407 | ||
| Rhythms Originating in the Atrium | 410 | ||
| Rhythms Originating in the Atrioventricular Node | 418 | ||
| Rhythms Originating in the Ventricle | 420 | ||
| Chapter 25 - Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction | 436 | ||
| First-Degree Atrioventricular Block | 436 | ||
| Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block | 436 | ||
| Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block (Complete Heart Block) | 438 | ||
| Chapter 26 - Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children | 440 | ||
| Electrocardiograms of Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers | 440 | ||
| Pacemaker Therapy in Children | 441 | ||
| Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy | 445 | ||
| PART 7 - SPECIAL PROBLEMS\r | 449 | ||
| Chapter 27 -\rCongestive Heart Failure | 451 | ||
| Definition | 451 | ||
| Cause | 451 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 453 | ||
| Diagnosis | 455 | ||
| Management | 456 | ||
| Chapter 28 - Systemic Hypertension | 465 | ||
| Definition | 465 | ||
| Normative Blood Pressure Standards | 466 | ||
| Cause | 466 | ||
| Diagnosis and Workup | 467 | ||
| Management of Essential Hypertension | 473 | ||
| Management of Secondary Hypertension | 477 | ||
| White-Coat Hypertension | 478 | ||
| Secondary Hypertension | 479 | ||
| Hypertensive Crisis | 481 | ||
| Chapter 29 - Pulmonary Hypertension | 483 | ||
| Definition | 483 | ||
| Causes | 483 | ||
| Physiology of Pulmonary Circulation | 484 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension | 485 | ||
| Pathology of Pulmonary Hypertension | 487 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 488 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 488 | ||
| Diagnosis | 490 | ||
| Natural History | 491 | ||
| Management | 491 | ||
| Chapter 30 - Child with Chest Pain | 495 | ||
| Chapter 31 - Syncope | 505 | ||
| Prevalence | 505 | ||
| Definition | 505 | ||
| Causes | 505 | ||
| Evaluation of a Child with Syncope | 511 | ||
| Treatment | 513 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 514 | ||
| Chapter 32 - Palpitation | 516 | ||
| Definition | 516 | ||
| Causes | 516 | ||
| Evaluation | 516 | ||
| Management | 519 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors | 520 | ||
| Childhood Onset of Coronary Artery Disease | 521 | ||
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome | 521 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 523 | ||
| Lipid Screening | 531 | ||
| Management of Hypercholesterolemia | 534 | ||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 539 | ||
| Low High-Density Lipoprotein Level | 541 | ||
| Elevated Triglyceride and Low High-Density Lipoprotein | 542 | ||
| Other Risk Factors | 542 | ||
| Practice of Preventive Cardiology | 550 | ||
| Chapter 34 - Athletes with Cardiac Problems | 553 | ||
| Sudden Unexpected Death in Young Athletes | 553 | ||
| Preparticipation Screening | 554 | ||
| Classification of Sports | 557 | ||
| Eligibility Determination of Athletes with Cardiovascular Diseases | 558 | ||
| Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sports | 565 | ||
| Athletes with Systemic Hypertension | 570 | ||
| Chapter 35 - Cardiac Transplantation | 572 | ||
| Indications | 572 | ||
| Selection of the Recipient | 572 | ||
| Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Donor | 573 | ||
| Informed Consent from the Family and Recipient | 574 | ||
| Operative Technique | 574 | ||
| Posttransplant Management | 575 | ||
| Prognosis | 580 | ||
| Appendix A - Miscellaneous | 581 | ||
| Appendix B - Blood Pressure Values | 586 | ||
| Appendix C - Cardiovascular Risk Factors | 595 | ||
| Appendix D - Normal Echocardiographic Values | 601 | ||
| Appendix E - Drugs Used in Pediatric Cardiology | 611 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 635 | ||
| Index | 653 |