BOOK
Crash Course: Quick Reference Guide to Medicine and Surgery - E-Book
Leonora Weil | Daniel Horton-Szar | John Rees | Adrian Wagg
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Crash Course – your effective everyday study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have all the information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success.
Crash Course Quick Reference Guide to Medicine and Surgery is a unique new volume in the series, spanning the core clinical topics across the medical curriculum. It is as useful for your first day as a clinical medical student as it is for preparing for your medical finals and beyond. Presented in a consistent format that is clear, concise and easy to assimilate, it is an essential text for any medical student or junior doctor.
- Includes the core medicine and surgery that you need for examinations
- Clear explanations for every common medical condition with an emphasis on the key points
- A consistent format to allow quick reference for each disease
- Maintains a focus throughout on questions that commonly appear in the final MBBS examinations
- Mnemonics, memory aids and figures are included to aid with revision
- Written by recent graduates together with consultants and experts for each specialty– those closest to what is essential for exam success
- Quality assured by leading Faculty Advisors – to ensure complete accuracy of information
- Co-written by specialty experts
- Comes with access to the complete electronic version for enhanced anytime, anywhere access, with seamless real-time integration between devices
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Crash Course: Quick Reference Guide to Medicine and Surgery | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Series editor foreword | vii | ||
| Author preface | ix | ||
| Acknowledgements | xi | ||
| Picture credits | xii | ||
| Chapter 1 | xii | ||
| Chapter 2 | xii | ||
| Chapter 3 | xii | ||
| Chapter 4 | xii | ||
| Chapter 5 | xii | ||
| Chapter 6 | xiii | ||
| Chapter 7 | xiii | ||
| Chapter 8 | xiii | ||
| Chapter 9 | xiii | ||
| Chapter 10 | xiii | ||
| Chapter 11 | xiii | ||
| Chapter 13 | xiv | ||
| Chapter 14 | xiv | ||
| Chapter 15 | xiv | ||
| Dedication | xv | ||
| Normal values | xvii | ||
| Abbreviations | xxi | ||
| Chapter 1: The acutely unwell patient | 1 | ||
| Patient has collapsed or is acutely unwell | 1 | ||
| Perform DR ABC DE | 1 | ||
| DR: danger and response | 1 | ||
| ABC | 1 | ||
| D: Disability | 1 | ||
| DEFG: Don't ever forget glucose | 1 | ||
| Criteria to call the outreach team from the intensive care unit | 1 | ||
| The patient in respiratory or circulatory arrest | 1 | ||
| Basic life support: ABC approach | 1 | ||
| Advanced life support (figure 1.1) | 3 | ||
| Chapter 2: Cardiology | 13 | ||
| Blood supply to the heart | 13 | ||
| Electrical conductivity | 13 | ||
| Important causes of sudden cardiac death in the young adult | 13 | ||
| Bradycardias | 13 | ||
| Symptoms and signs | 13 | ||
| Common causes | 13 | ||
| Uncommon causes | 13 | ||
| Classification and origin | 13 | ||
| Sinus bradycardia | 13 | ||
| Sick sinus syndrome (tachy-brady syndrome) | 14 | ||
| AV node block: first-degree heart block | 14 | ||
| AV node block: second-degree heart block | 14 | ||
| AV node block: third-degree (complete block) | 14 | ||
| Bundle branch block | 15 | ||
| Emergency management of bradycardias | 15 | ||
| Tachycardias | 15 | ||
| Symptoms and signs | 16 | ||
| Classification and origin | 16 | ||
| Supraventicular tachycardias | 16 | ||
| Ventricular tachycardia (VT) | 16 | ||
| Sinus tachycardia | 16 | ||
| Atrial flutter | 17 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 17 | ||
| AV re-entry tachycardia, e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-White | 17 | ||
| Monomorphic ventricular tachycardias | 18 | ||
| Torsade de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardias) | 18 | ||
| Ventricular fibrillation | 18 | ||
| Emergency management of tachycardias | 18 | ||
| Investigations | 18 | ||
| Blood tests: serum cardiac enzymes | 18 | ||
| ECG | 18 | ||
| Exercise tolerance test | 18 | ||
| Echocardiogram | 18 | ||
| Stress echocardiogram | 20 | ||
| Myocardial perfusion scan | 20 | ||
| Cardiac catheterisation/coronary angiography | 20 | ||
| Cardiac CT (computed tomography) | 21 | ||
| Cardiac MRI | 21 | ||
| Chapter 3: Respiratory system | 73 | ||
| Types of ventilation aids | 73 | ||
| Investigations | 73 | ||
| Bedside tests | 73 | ||
| Blood tests | 73 | ||
| Arterial blood gas | 73 | ||
| Lung function tests: spirometry | 74 | ||
| Lung volumes | 74 | ||
| Chest radiography | 74 | ||
| Bronchoscopy | 74 | ||
| Diagnostic pleural fluid aspiration | 75 | ||
| Ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan | 75 | ||
| CT pulmonary angiography | 75 | ||
| Ultrasound | 75 | ||
| Lung biopsy | 75 | ||
| Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery | 75 | ||
| See also | 75 | ||
| Chapter 4: Gastroenterology | 127 | ||
| Sections of the gut | 127 | ||
| Abdominal pain | 127 | ||
| Investigations | 127 | ||
| Blood tests | 127 | ||
| Abdominal radiography (AXR) | 127 | ||
| Abdominal US | 127 | ||
| Abdominal CT | 127 | ||
| Abdominal MRI | 127 | ||
| Barium studies | 127 | ||
| Oesophageal pH monitoring | 127 | ||
| Manometry | 127 | ||
| Endoscopy | 127 | ||
| Preparation for an endoscopy | 128 | ||
| Complications of endoscopy | 128 | ||
| See also | 128 | ||
| Chapter 5: Hepatology | 153 | ||
| Liver function | 153 | ||
| Liver anatomy | 153 | ||
| Bilirubin metabolism | 153 | ||
| Acute and chronic liver injury | 153 | ||
| The gallbladder | 153 | ||
| Important terms | 153 | ||
| Liver tumours | 153 | ||
| Benign primary tumours | 153 | ||
| Malignant primary tumours | 154 | ||
| Secondary tumour: metastases | 154 | ||
| Investigations | 154 | ||
| Blood tests | 154 | ||
| Ultrasound | 156 | ||
| Transient elastography | 156 | ||
| CT | 156 | ||
| MRI | 156 | ||
| Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography | 156 | ||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 157 | ||
| Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography | 157 | ||
| Liver biopsy | 157 | ||
| See also | 157 | ||
| Chapter 6: Neurology | 203 | ||
| The brain | 203 | ||
| The spinal cord | 203 | ||
| The motor system | 203 | ||
| Innervation | 205 | ||
| Vision and the eyes | 205 | ||
| Innervation of the muscles of the eye | 205 | ||
| Drug-induced dyskinesias | 206 | ||
| Investigations | 207 | ||
| Abbreviated Mental Test Score | 207 | ||
| Blood tests | 207 | ||
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | 207 | ||
| Visual evoked responses | 208 | ||
| Electromyography | 208 | ||
| Nerve conduction studies | 208 | ||
| Lumbar puncture | 208 | ||
| CT | 208 | ||
| MRI | 208 | ||
| See also | 208 | ||
| Chapter 7: Renal system | 273 | ||
| Kidneys | 273 | ||
| The nephron | 273 | ||
| Glomerular filtration rate | 273 | ||
| Symptomology | 273 | ||
| Dialysis | 273 | ||
| Haemodialysis | 273 | ||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 273 | ||
| Investigations | 273 | ||
| Blood tests | 273 | ||
| Urine | 274 | ||
| Microscopy | 274 | ||
| Radiography | 274 | ||
| Ultrasound | 274 | ||
| Intravenous urogram | 274 | ||
| Renal angiography | 274 | ||
| Cystoscopy | 274 | ||
| Renal biopsy | 274 | ||
| See also | 275 | ||
| Chapter 8: Haematology and oncology | 313 | ||
| Haematology | 313 | ||
| Blood formation | 313 | ||
| Red blood cells (erythrocytes) | 313 | ||
| Haemostasis | 313 | ||
| Investigations | 313 | ||
| Blood tests | 313 | ||
| Full blood count (FBC) | 313 | ||
| Haematinics | 314 | ||
| Inflammatory markers | 314 | ||
| Markers of haemolysis | 314 | ||
| Blood film | 315 | ||
| Coagulation tests | 315 | ||
| Bone marrow: aspirate and biopsy | 315 | ||
| Positron emission tomography | 316 | ||
| Oncology | 318 | ||
| Basic oncological terminology | 318 | ||
| Oncological emergencies | 318 | ||
| Tumour lysis syndrome | 318 | ||
| Febrile neutropenia | 318 | ||
| Spinal cord compression | 318 | ||
| Hypercalcaemia | 318 | ||
| Superior vena caval obstruction | 319 | ||
| Cancer treatment | 319 | ||
| Terminology for cancer treatment | 319 | ||
| See also | 320 | ||
| Chapter 9: Endocrinology | 373 | ||
| The pituitary gland | 373 | ||
| Anterior pituitary | 373 | ||
| Posterior pituitary | 373 | ||
| The adrenal gland | 373 | ||
| Aldosterone production | 373 | ||
| The pancreas | 374 | ||
| The thyroid | 374 | ||
| Calcium and vitamin D | 374 | ||
| Body mass index | 377 | ||
| See also | 377 | ||
| Chapter 10: Rheumatology | 425 | ||
| Useful bone terminology (Fig. 10.1) | 425 | ||
| Seronegative vs. rheumatoid arthropathy | 425 | ||
| Affected joints in rheumatological disease | 425 | ||
| Antibodies in rheumatological disease | 425 | ||
| Investigations | 425 | ||
| Blood tests | 425 | ||
| Synovial aspirate | 425 | ||
| Imaging | 425 | ||
| Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) | 426 | ||
| Arthroscopy | 426 | ||
| See also | 426 | ||
| Chapter 11: Immunology and infectious diseases | 473 | ||
| Defences against disease | 473 | ||
| External defence mechanisms | 473 | ||
| Innate mechanisms | 473 | ||
| Adaptive mechanisms | 473 | ||
| Hypersensitivity reactions | 473 | ||
| Empirical choice of antibiotics | 473 | ||
| See also system-specific infections | 474 | ||
| Chapter 12: Biochemistry | 499 | ||
| Sodium | 499 | ||
| Sodium regulation | 499 | ||
| Volume receptors | 499 | ||
| Osmoreceptors | 499 | ||
| Potassium | 499 | ||
| Potassium regulation | 499 | ||
| Interpreting acidosis and alkalosis | 500 | ||
| See also | 500 | ||
| Chapter 13: Surgery | 509 | ||
| Common surgical prefixes and suffixes | 509 | ||
| Admissions for surgery | 509 | ||
| Emergency admissions | 509 | ||
| Elective admissions | 509 | ||
| Common medications before and after surgery | 509 | ||
| Anaesthesia | 510 | ||
| Local anaesthetics | 510 | ||
| General anaesthetics | 510 | ||
| Complications after surgery | 510 | ||
| Overview: Fluids and nutrition | 510 | ||
| Fluid balance in the body | 510 | ||
| Assessment of fluid status in a patient | 510 | ||
| Types of intravenous fluid | 510 | ||
| Additional requirements | 512 | ||
| Chapter 14: Examinations and investigations | 593 | ||
| Taking a history | 593 | ||
| How to take a basic history | 593 | ||
| Presenting complaint | 593 | ||
| History of presenting complaint | 593 | ||
| Past medical history | 593 | ||
| Surgical history | 593 | ||
| Drug history | 593 | ||
| Family history | 593 | ||
| Social history | 593 | ||
| Systems review | 593 | ||
| Concluding remarks | 593 | ||
| The surgical sieve | 594 | ||
| Chapter 15: Clinical examinations | 635 | ||
| Cardiac examination | 635 | ||
| Introduction: WIPER | 635 | ||
| Examination | 635 | ||
| Hands | 635 | ||
| Arm and neck | 635 | ||
| Pulse characters and their associations | 635 | ||
| Face | 635 | ||
| Chest | 636 | ||
| Inspect | 636 | ||
| Palpate | 636 | ||
| Auscultate | 636 | ||
| Main questions to ask while listening to the heart | 636 | ||
| Main areas to auscultate | 636 | ||
| Heart sounds | 636 | ||
| Types of cardiac murmur | 637 | ||
| To complete the cardiovascular examination | 637 | ||
| Respiratory examination | 637 | ||
| Introduction: WIPER | 637 | ||
| Examination | 637 | ||
| Hands | 637 | ||
| Arm and neck | 637 | ||
| Eyes | 637 | ||
| Mouth | 637 | ||
| Chest | 637 | ||
| Signs of hypoxia | 638 | ||
| Signs of CO2 retention | 638 | ||
| Palpation, percussion and auscultation | 638 | ||
| Palpate | 638 | ||
| Percussion | 638 | ||
| Auscultate | 638 | ||
| To complete the respiratory examination | 639 | ||
| GI system examination | 639 | ||
| Introduction: WIPER | 639 | ||
| Examination | 640 | ||
| General inspection | 640 | ||
| Hands | 640 | ||
| Arm | 640 | ||
| Neck | 640 | ||
| Eyes | 640 | ||
| Mouth | 640 | ||
| Chest | 640 | ||
| Abdomen | 640 | ||
| Palpation and percussion | 640 | ||
| Light palpation | 640 | ||
| Deep palpation | 641 | ||
| Palpate and percuss | 641 | ||
| Percussion | 641 | ||
| Auscultation | 641 | ||
| To complete the abdominal examination | 641 | ||
| Peripheral sensory neurological examination | 641 | ||
| Introduction: WIPER | 641 | ||
| Examination | 641 | ||
| Light touch (dorsal column) | 642 | ||
| Pain (spinothalamic tract) | 642 | ||
| Temperature (spinothalamic tract) | 642 | ||
| Proprioception (dorsal column) | 642 | ||
| Vibration (dorsal column) | 642 | ||
| To complete the peripheral sensory examination | 642 | ||
| Peripheral motor neurological examination | 642 | ||
| Introduction: WIPER | 642 | ||
| Examination | 642 | ||
| General inspection | 642 | ||
| Tone | 642 | ||
| Power | 642 | ||
| Reflexes | 643 | ||
| Coordination/cerebellar signs | 644 | ||
| Lower limb | 644 | ||
| Upper limb | 644 | ||
| Gait | 644 | ||
| To complete the peripheral motor examination | 644 | ||
| Patterns of altered movement and sensation | 644 | ||
| Index | 647 |