Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Covering the essential content and procedures a home care aide needs to know, Mosby’s Textbook for the Home Care Aide, 3rd Edition prepares you for success in this rapidly growing field. A clear approach makes the book easy to use and understand, featuring hundreds of full-color photographs and drawings along with step-by-step procedures for skills performed by home care aides. Updated and expanded in this edition are chapters on meeting the client’s nutritional needs and on getting and keeping a job. Written by home care experts Joan Birchenall and Eileen Streight, this textbook prepares you for the many types of situations you may encounter as a home care aide.
- Hundreds of full-color photos and drawings depict key ideas and clearly demonstrate procedure steps.
- Procedures provide step-by-step, easy-to-understand instructions on performing important skills and tasks.
- UNIQUE! A cast of caregivers, including a supervisor and four home care aides, are highlighted in scenarios that provide realistic examples of the types of situations you are likely to encounter in the home care environment.
- Guidelines for Observing, Recording, and Reporting (ORR) are highlighted throughout the text, emphasizing the home care aide’s responsibilities for observing and documenting the client’s condition and care.
- Key considerations and reminders are presented in color font to emphasize the importance of performing these actions.
- Objectives and Key Terms in each chapter focus your attention on essential information.
- Chapter summaries and study questions review the key points in each chapter.
- Updated/Expanded Meeting the Client’s Nutritional Needs chapter includes the new MyPlate food guide and new nutrition guidelines.
- Updated/Expanded Getting a Job and Keeping It chapter reflects the job prospects and challenges of today, including the realities of moving between states and differences in certification requirements.
- Updated equipment photos are included.
- Evolve companion website includes skills competency checklists and an audio glossary.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ifc_i | ||
| Half_title_page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Mosby's Textbook for the Home Care Aide, 3/e | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Reviewers | vi | ||
| Acknowledgments | vii | ||
| Instructor Preface | viii | ||
| Student Preface | x | ||
| Table of Contents | xiii | ||
| Procedures | xvi | ||
| 1 Learning About Home Care | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Training Program | 1 | ||
| Suggestions for Success | 2 | ||
| Using the Textbook | 2 | ||
| Overview of the Textbook | 3 | ||
| Meeting the Caregivers | 3 | ||
| Using the Index | 5 | ||
| Using the Glossary | 6 | ||
| Using the Workbook | 6 | ||
| Study “Helps” | 6 | ||
| Asking Questions | 6 | ||
| Completing Assignments | 7 | ||
| Taking Tests | 7 | ||
| Working with Classmates | 7 | ||
| Evaluation | 8 | ||
| Classroom Evaluation | 8 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 9 | ||
| The Evaluation Conference | 9 | ||
| Certification | 9 | ||
| State Certification | 9 | ||
| National Certification | 9 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 10 | ||
| Study Questions | 10 | ||
| 2 The Home Care Industry | 11 | ||
| Objectives | 11 | ||
| Key Terms | 11 | ||
| Growth of Industry | 12 | ||
| Home Care Agencies | 13 | ||
| Organization and Regulation | 13 | ||
| Sources of Clients | 13 | ||
| Types of Clients | 14 | ||
| Payment for Services | 14 | ||
| The Home Care Team | 15 | ||
| Team Members | 15 | ||
| Case Manager | 15 | ||
| Registered Nurse (RN) | 15 | ||
| Nurse Specialist (RN) | 16 | ||
| Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN) | 16 | ||
| Home Care Aide | 16 | ||
| Physical Therapist (RPT) | 16 | ||
| Occupational Therapist (OTR) | 16 | ||
| Respiratory Therapist (RRT) | 16 | ||
| Social Worker | 16 | ||
| Speech-Language Therapist (Speech-Language Pathologist) | 16 | ||
| Dietitian | 16 | ||
| Others | 17 | ||
| Forming the Team | 17 | ||
| The Care Plan | 17 | ||
| Establishing the Goal | 17 | ||
| Developing the Plan | 17 | ||
| Using Community Resources | 18 | ||
| You, An Essential Part of the Team | 19 | ||
| Looking and Acting Professional | 20 | ||
| Looking Professional | 20 | ||
| Appearance Checklist | 20 | ||
| Acting Professional | 21 | ||
| Maintaining Healthy Habits. | 21 | ||
| Food. | 21 | ||
| Exercise. | 21 | ||
| Rest. | 21 | ||
| Hazards to Health | 21 | ||
| Smoking. | 21 | ||
| Alcohol. | 21 | ||
| Drug or Substance Abuse. | 22 | ||
| Having a Positive Attitude. | 22 | ||
| Being Concerned for Others | 23 | ||
| Performing Your Duties Properly | 23 | ||
| Care of the Client | 23 | ||
| Care of the Client’s Home Environment | 23 | ||
| Working As Part of the Team | 24 | ||
| Scope of Practice | 24 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 24 | ||
| Study Questions | 25 | ||
| 3 Developing Effective Communication Skills | 26 | ||
| Objectives | 26 | ||
| Key Terms | 26 | ||
| Communication Process | 27 | ||
| Example | 27 | ||
| Importance | 27 | ||
| Types of Communication | 27 | ||
| Verbal Communication | 28 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 28 | ||
| Barriers to Communication | 29 | ||
| Bias and Prejudice | 29 | ||
| Language, Culture, and Ethnic Diversity | 29 | ||
| Sexual Harassment | 30 | ||
| Illness, Pain, and Medications | 31 | ||
| Disabilities | 31 | ||
| Communicating with Agency Personnel | 31 | ||
| Communicating with Your Client and Family Members | 32 | ||
| Respect For The Client and Family | 32 | ||
| Listening | 32 | ||
| A Learned Skill | 32 | ||
| Communicating with Hearing-Impaired Clients | 34 | ||
| Communicating with Visually-Impaired Clients | 35 | ||
| Protecting Personal Health Information | 35 | ||
| The Client’s Bill of Rights | 35 | ||
| Code of Behavior | 37 | ||
| Confidentiality | 37 | ||
| Honesty | 37 | ||
| Behaviors to Avoid | 38 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 39 | ||
| Study Questions | 39 | ||
| 4 Understanding Your Client’s Needs | 40 | ||
| Objectives | 40 | ||
| Key Terms | 40 | ||
| Basic Human Needs | 40 | ||
| Physical Needs | 41 | ||
| Safety and Security | 41 | ||
| Love | 42 | ||
| Self-Esteem | 42 | ||
| Self-Actualization | 42 | ||
| The Family | 42 | ||
| The Changing Family | 42 | ||
| Importance in Society | 43 | ||
| Helping Clients to Meet Their Needs | 43 | ||
| Your Needs Versus the Needs of Your Client | 44 | ||
| How We Grow and Develop | 45 | ||
| Principle 1 | 45 | ||
| Genes | 45 | ||
| The Primary Caregiver | 45 | ||
| Nutrition | 45 | ||
| The Environment | 45 | ||
| Principle 2 | 46 | ||
| Principle 3 | 46 | ||
| Principle 4 | 46 | ||
| Principle 5 | 47 | ||
| Stages of Normal Growth and Development | 47 | ||
| Stage 1: Infancy (Total Dependency—learning to Trust) | 47 | ||
| Age: Birth to 1 Year | 47 | ||
| 5 Understanding How the Body Works | 54 | ||
| Objectives | 54 | ||
| Key Terms | 54 | ||
| Organization of the Human Body | 55 | ||
| Cells | 55 | ||
| Tissues, Membranes, and Glands | 55 | ||
| Tissues | 55 | ||
| Membranes | 55 | ||
| Glands | 56 | ||
| Organs | 56 | ||
| Organ Systems | 56 | ||
| Points to Remember | 56 | ||
| Body Cavities | 56 | ||
| Integumentary System | 57 | ||
| Important Parts | 57 | ||
| Points to Remember | 57 | ||
| Do You Know? | 58 | ||
| Skeletomuscular System | 58 | ||
| Important Parts | 58 | ||
| The Process of Movement | 59 | ||
| Points to Remember | 59 | ||
| Do You Know? | 60 | ||
| Nervous System | 60 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 60 | ||
| Important Parts | 60 | ||
| The Process of Sending and Receiving Messages | 60 | ||
| Points to Remember | 60 | ||
| Do You Know? | 61 | ||
| The Senses | 61 | ||
| Important Parts | 61 | ||
| Points to Remember | 62 | ||
| Do You Know? | 62 | ||
| Eyes | 62 | ||
| Important Parts | 62 | ||
| The Process of Vision. | 62 | ||
| 6 Observing, Reporting, and Recording | 76 | ||
| Objectives | 76 | ||
| Key Terms | 76 | ||
| Observing the Client | 77 | ||
| Objective | 78 | ||
| Subjective | 78 | ||
| Vital Signs | 78 | ||
| Observing Pain | 78 | ||
| Observation Guidelines | 79 | ||
| The Client’s Care Record | 82 | ||
| Recording on the Client’s Record | 83 | ||
| Reporting to the Agency | 87 | ||
| Incident Reports | 87 | ||
| Medical Terminology | 88 | ||
| Word Parts | 88 | ||
| Word Roots | 88 | ||
| Suffixes | 88 | ||
| Prefixes | 88 | ||
| Combining Vowels | 90 | ||
| Abbreviations | 91 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 92 | ||
| Study Questions | 93 | ||
| 7 Working With Ill and Disabled Clients | 94 | ||
| Objectives | 94 | ||
| Key Terms | 94 | ||
| Health and Illness | 95 | ||
| Acute Illness | 95 | ||
| Chronic Illness | 95 | ||
| Disability | 96 | ||
| Effects of Illness on the Family | 96 | ||
| Changes in Routine | 97 | ||
| Changes in Income | 97 | ||
| Worry and Fears | 97 | ||
| Disruption of Plans | 98 | ||
| Role Changes | 98 | ||
| Adapting to the Need for a Home Care Aide | 98 | ||
| Reactions of the Client to Illness | 99 | ||
| Denial | 99 | ||
| Depression | 100 | ||
| Anger | 100 | ||
| Dependence and Overdependence | 101 | ||
| Anxiety | 101 | ||
| Withdrawal | 102 | ||
| Role Change | 102 | ||
| Change in Self-Image | 102 | ||
| Spiritual Distress | 103 | ||
| Physical Distress/Pain | 103 | ||
| Support Systems | 104 | ||
| Informal Support Systems | 104 | ||
| Support Groups | 104 | ||
| Formal Support Systems | 104 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 105 | ||
| Study Questions | 105 | ||
| 8 Maintaining a Safe Environment | 106 | ||
| Objectives | 106 | ||
| Key Terms | 106 | ||
| Becoming Safety Conscious | 107 | ||
| General Rules of Safety in the Home | 108 | ||
| Client’s Bedroom | 109 | ||
| Bathroom | 109 | ||
| Kitchen | 109 | ||
| Other Areas of the Home | 110 | ||
| Special Safety Considerations | 110 | ||
| Older Adults | 110 | ||
| Children | 110 | ||
| Confused Clients | 111 | ||
| Oxygen | 111 | ||
| Smoking | 111 | ||
| Household Emergency Measures and Procedures | 112 | ||
| Fire | 112 | ||
| Fire Escape Do’s and Don’ts | 114 | ||
| Gas Leak | 114 | ||
| Loss of Electricity | 115 | ||
| Plumbing Problems | 115 | ||
| Natural and Weather-Related Emergencies | 116 | ||
| Earthquake | 117 | ||
| Hurricane/Flood | 117 | ||
| Snow/Winter Storm | 118 | ||
| Tornado | 118 | ||
| Personal Safety of the Home Care Aide | 118 | ||
| List of Safety Do’s and Don’ts | 119 | ||
| In Client’s Home | 119 | ||
| Driving | 119 | ||
| Car Trouble | 120 | ||
| Public Transportation | 120 | ||
| Walking | 120 | ||
| Arriving Home | 121 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 121 | ||
| Study Questions | 121 | ||
| 9 Maintaining a Healthy Environment | 122 | ||
| Objectives | 122 | ||
| Key Terms | 122 | ||
| A Clean Environment is Important | 123 | ||
| Responsibilities of the Home Care Aide | 123 | ||
| Types of Tasks to be Performed | 124 | ||
| Developing a Work Plan | 126 | ||
| Everyday Tasks | 126 | ||
| Weekly Tasks | 127 | ||
| Maintaining an Uncluttered Environment | 127 | ||
| Cleaning Equipment and Supplies | 128 | ||
| Necessary Items | 128 | ||
| “Nice to Have” but not Necessary Supplies | 129 | ||
| Product Safety: a Household Concern | 129 | ||
| Home Safety Hints | 129 | ||
| Cleaning the Bathroom | 130 | ||
| Cleaning the Client’s Living Area | 130 | ||
| Maintaining a Clean, Orderly Kitchen | 131 | ||
| Cleaning the Kitchen | 131 | ||
| Disposing of Household Waste | 131 | ||
| Laundry | 132 | ||
| Controlling Household Pests | 135 | ||
| Teaching Others | 137 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 137 | ||
| Study Questions | 138 | ||
| 10 Meeting the Client’s Nutritional Needs | 139 | ||
| Objectives | 139 | ||
| Key Terms | 139 | ||
| Function of Food | 140 | ||
| Measuring Food Energy | 140 | ||
| Social, Cultural, and Religious Aspects of Food | 140 | ||
| Food Preferences | 141 | ||
| Components of Food | 141 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 141 | ||
| Proteins | 142 | ||
| Fats | 142 | ||
| Vitamins | 143 | ||
| Groups of Vitamins | 143 | ||
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins. | 143 | ||
| Water-Soluble Vitamins. | 143 | ||
| Taking Vitamins | 143 | ||
| Minerals | 144 | ||
| Water | 144 | ||
| The Body’s Need for Water | 145 | ||
| Fluid Balance | 145 | ||
| Dietary Fiber | 145 | ||
| Myplate Food Guide | 147 | ||
| Oils (Fats) and Empty Calories | 150 | ||
| Oils | 150 | ||
| Empty Calories | 150 | ||
| Balancing Food and Physical Activity | 150 | ||
| Planning the Menu Using the Myplate Food Guide | 150 | ||
| Shopping for Food | 152 | ||
| Prepare a Shopping List | 152 | ||
| Read Labels | 153 | ||
| Compare Prices | 154 | ||
| Shop for Freshness | 155 | ||
| Returning to the Client’s Home | 155 | ||
| Food Storage | 156 | ||
| Preparing Food | 156 | ||
| Food Safety | 156 | ||
| Serving the Food | 158 | ||
| Feeding the Client | 159 | ||
| Special Situations | 159 | ||
| Poor Appetite | 160 | ||
| Difficulty Chewing and Swallowing | 160 | ||
| Clients with Low Energy Levels | 160 | ||
| The Blind Client | 162 | ||
| Special Diets to Meet the Client’s Needs | 162 | ||
| Modifying the Diet | 162 | ||
| Your Role in Nutritional Therapy | 162 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 164 | ||
| Study Questions | 164 | ||
| 11 Preventing Infection/Medical Asepsis | 165 | ||
| Objectives | 165 | ||
| Key Terms | 165 | ||
| Microorganisms | 166 | ||
| Growth of Microorganisms | 167 | ||
| The Cycle of Infection | 167 | ||
| 1. The Pathogenic Organism | 168 | ||
| 2. Reservoir of Infection | 169 | ||
| 3. Exit from the Reservoir of Infection | 169 | ||
| 4. Method of Transmission | 169 | ||
| Direct Contact | 169 | ||
| Indirect Contact | 170 | ||
| Air | 170 | ||
| Animals and Insects | 170 | ||
| Food and Water | 170 | ||
| 5. Entrance into a New Host | 170 | ||
| 6. Host | 171 | ||
| Breaking the Cycle of Infection | 171 | ||
| Preventing the Spread of Disease | 171 | ||
| Medical Asepsis | 172 | ||
| Surgical Asepsis | 172 | ||
| Standard (Universal) Precautions | 174 | ||
| Protecting against Bloodborne Diseases | 174 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C Viruses | 175 | ||
| Federal Regulations | 176 | ||
| Health Care Employer’s Responsibilities | 178 | ||
| Home Care Aide’s Responsibilities | 178 | ||
| Sterilization and Disinfection | 178 | ||
| Disinfection in the Home | 178 | ||
| Wet and Dry Heat | 179 | ||
| Chemical Disinfection | 180 | ||
| Other Precautions | 182 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment | 183 | ||
| Removing Contaminated Material | 186 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 186 | ||
| Study Questions | 186 | ||
| 12 Body Mechanics | 187 | ||
| Objectives | 187 | ||
| Key Terms | 187 | ||
| Using Good Body Mechanics | 188 | ||
| Benefits to the Home Care Aide | 188 | ||
| Benefits to the Client | 188 | ||
| Steps to Good Body Mechanics | 188 | ||
| Using Correct Posture | 188 | ||
| When Standing (Figure 12-2) | 188 | ||
| When Sitting (Figure 12-3) | 189 | ||
| Maintaining Good Muscle Tone | 190 | ||
| Maintaining Balance | 190 | ||
| Protecting Your Back | 190 | ||
| Basic Rules for Protecting Your Back and Practicing Good Body Mechanics | 191 | ||
| The Client in Bed | 192 | ||
| Effects of Immobility | 192 | ||
| Changing Positions in Bed | 192 | ||
| Raising the Client’s Head and Shoulders | 192 | ||
| Moving the Client to the Side of the Bed | 194 | ||
| Moving the Client Up in Bed | 194 | ||
| Positioning the Client in Bed | 195 | ||
| Positions Frequently Used | 195 | ||
| Positioning Devices | 199 | ||
| Rules to Follow | 200 | ||
| Helping the Client to Be Mobile | 201 | ||
| Preparing the Client to Get out of Bed | 203 | ||
| Transferring the Client to a Chair/Wheelchair | 204 | ||
| Returning the Client to Bed | 207 | ||
| Using Assistive Devices | 207 | ||
| Transfer (Gait) Belt | 207 | ||
| Sliding Board | 207 | ||
| The Trapeze | 208 | ||
| The Mechanical Lift | 209 | ||
| Ambulation | 211 | ||
| Using Walking Devices | 212 | ||
| Walkers | 212 | ||
| Canes | 213 | ||
| Crutches | 214 | ||
| A Word of Caution | 214 | ||
| Assisting the Client to Fall | 215 | ||
| Infection Control | 216 | ||
| Preventing Infection | 216 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 216 | ||
| Study Questions | 217 | ||
| 13 Bedmaking | 218 | ||
| Objectives | 218 | ||
| Key Term | 218 | ||
| Types of Beds | 219 | ||
| Regular Beds | 219 | ||
| Water Beds | 219 | ||
| Hospital Beds | 219 | ||
| Safety Features of Hospital Beds | 220 | ||
| Wheel Brakes. | 220 | ||
| Side Rails. | 221 | ||
| Special Devices for Beds | 221 | ||
| Bed Boards | 221 | ||
| Footboards and Bed Cradles | 221 | ||
| Pressure-Relieving Devices | 222 | ||
| Making the Bed | 223 | ||
| Reasons for Bedmaking | 223 | ||
| General Rules of Bedmaking | 224 | ||
| Materials Needed for Bedmaking | 224 | ||
| Making a Closed Bed | 225 | ||
| Making an Occupied Bed | 225 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 231 | ||
| Study Questions | 231 | ||
| 14 Personal Care | 232 | ||
| Objectives | 232 | ||
| Key Terms | 232 | ||
| Oral Hygiene (Mouth Care) | 233 | ||
| Brushing Teeth | 233 | ||
| Flossing Teeth | 234 | ||
| Mouth Care for the Unconscious Client | 234 | ||
| Denture Care | 237 | ||
| Bathing | 240 | ||
| Purposes | 240 | ||
| General Principles for Bathing Clients | 241 | ||
| Skin Care Products | 241 | ||
| Types of Baths | 242 | ||
| Complete Bed Bath | 242 | ||
| Partial Bath | 242 | ||
| Tub Bath | 245 | ||
| No Water Bath | 245 | ||
| Shower | 245 | ||
| Back Rub | 247 | ||
| Perineal Care | 247 | ||
| Grooming | 248 | ||
| Caring for Hands and Feet | 248 | ||
| Hair Care | 251 | ||
| Brushing and Combing | 252 | ||
| Shampooing | 253 | ||
| Shaving | 253 | ||
| Caring for Eyeglasses, Contact Lenses, and Hearing Aids | 253 | ||
| Eyeglasses | 253 | ||
| Contact Lenses | 253 | ||
| Hearing Aids | 253 | ||
| Helping the Client to Dress and Undress | 256 | ||
| Special Aids to Help with Dressing | 256 | ||
| Preparing to Dress the Client | 257 | ||
| Range-of-Motion Exercises | 257 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 263 | ||
| Study Questions | 263 | ||
| 15 Elimination | 264 | ||
| Objectives | 264 | ||
| Key Terms | 264 | ||
| Urinary Elimination | 265 | ||
| Urinary System Review | 265 | ||
| Characteristics of Normal Urine/Urination | 265 | ||
| Characteristics of Abnormal Urine/Urination | 266 | ||
| Urinary Elimination Problems | 266 | ||
| Urinary Retention | 266 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 266 | ||
| Managing Urinary Incontinence | 267 | ||
| Bladder Training | 267 | ||
| Habit Training | 268 | ||
| Pelvic Muscle Exercises | 268 | ||
| Absorbent Products | 268 | ||
| Catheters | 269 | ||
| Caring for the Client | 269 | ||
| Assisting with the Bedpan and Urinal | 269 | ||
| Assisting Clients to Use the Commode | 269 | ||
| Intake and Output (I&O) | 271 | ||
| Fluid Intake | 272 | ||
| Fluid Output | 272 | ||
| Measuring Intake and Output | 272 | ||
| Recording Intake and Output | 273 | ||
| Care of a Client with an Indwelling Catheter | 273 | ||
| Care of a Client with a Condom Catheter | 278 | ||
| Bowel Elimination | 279 | ||
| Digestive System Review | 279 | ||
| Maintaining Healthy Bowel Habits | 279 | ||
| Maintaining an Established Routine | 279 | ||
| Maintaining Privacy | 279 | ||
| Encouraging Fluids and a Well-Balanced Diet | 280 | ||
| Encouraging Activity and Exercise | 280 | ||
| Bowel Elimination Problems | 280 | ||
| Diarrhea | 281 | ||
| Bowel (Fecal) Incontinence | 281 | ||
| Constipation | 281 | ||
| Fecal Impaction | 281 | ||
| Caring for the Client | 281 | ||
| Helping the Client to Reestablish Bowel Routine | 281 | ||
| Observing and Recording Feces | 282 | ||
| The Client with an Ostomy | 282 | ||
| Helping the Client to Care for the Ostomy | 283 | ||
| Skin Care | 284 | ||
| Disposing of Fecal Material from Pouch | 284 | ||
| Cleaning the Pouch | 284 | ||
| Providing Emotional Support | 284 | ||
| Standard (Universal) Precautions and Medical Asepsis | 284 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 285 | ||
| Study Questions | 285 | ||
| 16 Collecting Specimens | 286 | ||
| Objectives | 286 | ||
| Key Terms | 286 | ||
| Specimens | 286 | ||
| Urine Specimens | 288 | ||
| Routine Urine Specimen | 288 | ||
| “Clean Catch” or Midstream Urine Specimen | 288 | ||
| 24-Hour Urine Specimen | 289 | ||
| Straining Urine | 289 | ||
| Stool Specimens | 292 | ||
| Sputum Specimens | 292 | ||
| Assisting Clients to Self-Monitor Blood Sugar Levels | 293 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 295 | ||
| Study Questions | 295 | ||
| 17 Measuring Vital Signs | 296 | ||
| Objectives | 296 | ||
| Key Terms | 296 | ||
| Temperature | 297 | ||
| Location | 298 | ||
| Thermometers | 298 | ||
| Reading a Thermometer | 298 | ||
| Regular Thermometer | 298 | ||
| Electronic Thermometer | 299 | ||
| Disposable (Single-Use) Thermometer | 299 | ||
| Cleaning a Thermometer | 300 | ||
| Shaking Down a Regular Thermometer | 300 | ||
| Taking an Oral Temperature | 300 | ||
| Taking an Axillary Temperature | 302 | ||
| Taking a Tympanic (Ear) Temperature | 303 | ||
| Taking a Rectal Temperature | 304 | ||
| Reporting Changes from Normal Temperature | 304 | ||
| Pulse | 305 | ||
| Force and Rhythm | 307 | ||
| Taking a Radial Pulse | 307 | ||
| Respirations | 308 | ||
| Depth, Pattern, and Effort of Respirations | 309 | ||
| Taking Respirations | 309 | ||
| Measuring Blood Pressure | 310 | ||
| Two Readings | 310 | ||
| Factors Affecting Blood Pressure | 310 | ||
| Equipment Needed | 311 | ||
| Using a Stethoscope | 311 | ||
| Using the Blood Pressure Cuff | 312 | ||
| Taking the Blood Pressure | 312 | ||
| The Electronic (Automatic) Blood Pressure Monitor | 314 | ||
| Preventing Infection | 315 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 316 | ||
| Study Questions | 316 | ||
| 18 Special Procedures | 317 | ||
| Objectives | 317 | ||
| Key Terms | 317 | ||
| Guidelines for Special Procedures | 318 | ||
| Medications | 318 | ||
| Assisting with Medications | 318 | ||
| Six “Rights” of Assisting with Medications | 320 | ||
| Right Drug | 320 | ||
| Right Client | 320 | ||
| Right Dose | 322 | ||
| Right Route | 322 | ||
| Right Time | 323 | ||
| Right Documentation | 323 | ||
| Guidelines for Assisting with Medications | 323 | ||
| Applications of Heat and Cold | 326 | ||
| Effects of Heat | 327 | ||
| Effects of Cold | 328 | ||
| Safety | 328 | ||
| Applying Dry Heat | 329 | ||
| Applying Moist Heat | 329 | ||
| Sitz Bath | 330 | ||
| Applying Dry Cold | 332 | ||
| Applying Moist Cold | 333 | ||
| Oxygen Therapy | 335 | ||
| Types of Equipment | 335 | ||
| Oxygen Safety | 336 | ||
| Caring for the Client Receiving Oxygen | 337 | ||
| Nasal Cannula | 337 | ||
| Face Mask | 337 | ||
| Intravenous Infusions | 338 | ||
| Caring for the Client Receiving IV Therapy | 338 | ||
| Dry Dressings | 339 | ||
| Applying and Removing Dry Dressings | 339 | ||
| Promoting Circulation | 340 | ||
| Elastic Stockings | 341 | ||
| Elastic Bandages | 341 | ||
| Infection Control | 343 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 344 | ||
| Study Questions | 344 | ||
| 19 Caring for Older Adults | 345 | ||
| Objectives | 345 | ||
| Key Terms | 345 | ||
| How Old Is Old? | 345 | ||
| Facts About Older Adults | 346 | ||
| Myths and Realities | 347 | ||
| Ageism | 349 | ||
| Adjusting to Growing Older | 349 | ||
| Retirement and Reduced Income | 349 | ||
| Meaningful Life | 350 | ||
| Satisfactory Living Arrangements | 351 | ||
| Satisfaction within the Family | 352 | ||
| Reality of Death | 352 | ||
| Self-Acceptance | 352 | ||
| Decreasing Health and Physical Strength | 353 | ||
| Physical Signs of Aging | 353 | ||
| Changes in the Skeletomuscular System | 354 | ||
| Changes in the Integumentary System | 355 | ||
| Changes in the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems | 355 | ||
| Changes in the Digestive System | 356 | ||
| Changes in the Nervous System and Senses | 357 | ||
| Changes in Urinary and Reproductive Systems | 358 | ||
| Nutrition | 359 | ||
| Safety and the Older Adult | 360 | ||
| Illness in the Later Years | 361 | ||
| Infection Control | 361 | ||
| Who Are the Caregivers? | 362 | ||
| Elder Neglect and Abuse | 363 | ||
| Some Definitions | 363 | ||
| The Abused | 363 | ||
| The Abusers | 364 | ||
| Signs of Neglect and Abuse | 364 | ||
| What the Home Care Aide Can Do | 364 | ||
| Alcoholism | 365 | ||
| Suicide | 366 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 367 | ||
| Study Questions | 368 | ||
| 20 Caring for Mothers, Infants, and Children | 369 | ||
| Objectives | 369 | ||
| Key Terms | 369 | ||
| Caring for Mothers | 370 | ||
| The Postpartum Period | 370 | ||
| Caring for the Physical Needs of the Mother | 372 | ||
| Promote Rest/Sleep | 372 | ||
| Observe Lochia | 372 | ||
| Assist with Personal Hygiene | 372 | ||
| Observe Bladder and Bowel Elimination | 373 | ||
| Encourage Proper Diet | 373 | ||
| Nutrition for Breast-Feeding Mothers | 373 | ||
| Assist with Breast Care | 374 | ||
| The “Baby Blues” | 374 | ||
| Other Situations | 375 | ||
| Caring for Infants | 375 | ||
| The Normal Infant | 375 | ||
| Appearance | 375 | ||
| Length and Weight | 375 | ||
| Skin | 377 | ||
| Umbilical Cord | 377 | ||
| Genitalia | 377 | ||
| Output | 379 | ||
| Stools | 379 | ||
| Voiding | 379 | ||
| Activity | 380 | ||
| Sleeping | 380 | ||
| Crying | 380 | ||
| Eating | 382 | ||
| The Premature Infant | 387 | ||
| Working with Children | 387 | ||
| Need for Service | 388 | ||
| Indications of Stress in Children | 388 | ||
| Discipline Versus Punishment | 388 | ||
| Discipline | 388 | ||
| Punishment | 389 | ||
| Role of the Home Care Aide | 389 | ||
| Guidelines for Caring for Children in the Home | 390 | ||
| Communication | 390 | ||
| Rest, Sleep, Play, and Exercise | 390 | ||
| Mealtime | 390 | ||
| Child Abuse and Neglect | 391 | ||
| Causes of Abuse and Neglect | 391 | ||
| Reporting Child Abuse | 392 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 392 | ||
| Study Questions | 393 | ||
| 21 Caring for Clients With Mental Illness | 394 | ||
| Objectives | 394 | ||
| Key Terms | 394 | ||
| Mental Health | 395 | ||
| What Is Mental Health? | 395 | ||
| Factors that Influence One’s Mental Health | 396 | ||
| Mental Illness | 397 | ||
| What Is Mental Illness? | 397 | ||
| Defense Mechanisms | 397 | ||
| Causes of Mental Illness | 398 | ||
| Myths and Realities | 398 | ||
| Mental Illness Treatment and Care | 399 | ||
| Care of the Mentally Ill Client | 400 | ||
| Abnormal Behavior Patterns | 400 | ||
| Confusion | 401 | ||
| Behaviors | 401 | ||
| Your Role | 401 | ||
| Anxiety and Panic | 402 | ||
| Behaviors (Vary According to the Severity of the Condition) | 402 | ||
| Your Role | 402 | ||
| Delusions and Hallucinations | 403 | ||
| Behaviors | 403 | ||
| Your Role | 403 | ||
| Depression | 404 | ||
| 22 Caring for Clients With Illnesses Requiring Home Care | 410 | ||
| Objectives | 410 | ||
| Key Terms | 410 | ||
| Cardiovascular Diseases | 411 | ||
| Definition | 411 | ||
| The Facts | 411 | ||
| Symptoms | 411 | ||
| Your Role | 411 | ||
| Communicating | 411 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 411 | ||
| Performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | 412 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 412 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 413 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 413 | ||
| Cancer | 413 | ||
| Definition | 413 | ||
| The Facts | 413 | ||
| Symptoms | 414 | ||
| Your Role | 414 | ||
| Communicating | 414 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 414 | ||
| Performing ADL | 415 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 415 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 415 | ||
| Helping the Client to Cope with Pain | 415 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 415 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Accident | 417 | ||
| Definition | 417 | ||
| The Facts | 417 | ||
| Symptoms | 417 | ||
| Your Role | 417 | ||
| Communicating | 418 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 418 | ||
| Performing ADL | 418 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 419 | ||
| Handling Behaviors | 419 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 419 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 419 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 420 | ||
| Definition | 420 | ||
| The Facts | 420 | ||
| Symptoms | 420 | ||
| Your Role | 420 | ||
| Communication | 420 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 421 | ||
| Performing ADL | 421 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 421 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 422 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 422 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 422 | ||
| Definition | 422 | ||
| The Facts | 422 | ||
| Symptoms | 422 | ||
| Your Role | 422 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 423 | ||
| Performing ADL | 423 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 423 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 423 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 424 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 424 | ||
| Definition | 424 | ||
| The Facts | 424 | ||
| Client Behaviors | 424 | ||
| Your Role | 425 | ||
| Communicating | 425 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 425 | ||
| Performing ADL | 426 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 426 | ||
| Handling Behaviors | 426 | ||
| Wandering | 426 | ||
| Hiding Objects/Suspiciousness | 427 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 427 | ||
| Needs of the Informal Caregiver | 427 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 427 | ||
| Definition | 427 | ||
| The Facts | 428 | ||
| Symptoms | 428 | ||
| Your Role | 428 | ||
| Communicating | 428 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 428 | ||
| Performing ADL | 428 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 428 | ||
| Providing Emotional Support | 428 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 429 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 429 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease | 429 | ||
| Definition | 429 | ||
| The Facts | 429 | ||
| Symptoms | 429 | ||
| Your Role | 429 | ||
| Communicating | 429 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 430 | ||
| Performing ADL | 430 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 430 | ||
| Providing Emotional Support | 431 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 431 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 431 | ||
| Arthritis | 431 | ||
| Definition | 431 | ||
| The Facts | 431 | ||
| Symptoms | 432 | ||
| Your Role | 432 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 432 | ||
| Performing ADL | 432 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 432 | ||
| Providing Emotional Support | 433 | ||
| Assisting with Special Procedures | 433 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 433 | ||
| Fractures | 433 | ||
| Definition | 433 | ||
| The Facts | 433 | ||
| Symptoms | 433 | ||
| Your Role | 434 | ||
| Caring for a Client with a Cast | 434 | ||
| Caring for a Client After Surgical Repair of a Fracture | 434 | ||
| AIDS | 435 | ||
| Definition | 435 | ||
| The Facts | 435 | ||
| Transmission of HIV | 435 | ||
| Effects of HIV on the Immune System | 435 | ||
| The Client as a Person | 436 | ||
| Symptoms | 437 | ||
| Your Role | 437 | ||
| Communicating | 437 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 437 | ||
| Performing ADL | 437 | ||
| Maintaining Proper Nutrition | 438 | ||
| Other Procedures | 438 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 439 | ||
| The Postoperative Client | 439 | ||
| Definition | 439 | ||
| The Facts | 439 | ||
| Your Role | 439 | ||
| Maintaining a Safe Environment | 439 | ||
| Performing ADL | 441 | ||
| Maintaining Good Nutrition | 441 | ||
| Providing Emotional Support | 441 | ||
| Special Procedures | 441 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 441 | ||
| Caring for a Client with a Prosthesis | 442 | ||
| Definition | 442 | ||
| The Facts | 442 | ||
| Symptoms | 442 | ||
| Your Role | 442 | ||
| Observe, Record, and Report | 442 | ||
| Support Groups | 443 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 443 | ||
| Study Questions | 443 | ||
| 23 Caring for the Client at the End of Life | 445 | ||
| Objectives | 445 | ||
| Key Terms | 445 | ||
| Emotional Reactions to Death and Dying | 446 | ||
| Denial | 446 | ||
| 24 Emergencies | 458 | ||
| Objectives | 458 | ||
| Key Terms | 458 | ||
| What Is an Emergency? | 459 | ||
| Preparing for Emergencies | 459 | ||
| Emergency Telephone Numbers | 459 | ||
| Knowing What to Do | 459 | ||
| Calling for Help | 460 | ||
| The First Aid Kit | 460 | ||
| Guidelines for Handling Emergencies | 461 | ||
| When EMS Personnel Arrive | 462 | ||
| Reporting to Your Agency | 462 | ||
| Common Emergencies | 463 | ||
| Choking | 463 | ||
| Partially Blocked Airway | 463 | ||
| Totally Blocked Airway | 463 | ||
| Action | 463 | ||
| Directions for Abdominal Thrusts | 464 | ||
| Victim Is Standing or Sitting | 464 | ||
| When You Are Alone and Choking | 464 | ||
| No Breathing | 465 | ||
| 25 Getting a Job and Keeping It | 473 | ||
| Objectives | 473 | ||
| Key Terms | 473 | ||
| Locating Job Openings | 474 | ||
| Preparing a Resume and Cover Letter | 475 | ||
| The Cover Letter | 477 | ||
| The Resume | 478 | ||
| Submitting a Cover Letter and Resume | 478 | ||
| Electronic Job Seeking | 478 | ||
| Completing the Job Application | 479 | ||
| Preparing for the Interview | 479 | ||
| Make an Appointment | 479 | ||
| Gather Information | 482 | ||
| Prepare Questions | 482 | ||
| Prepare Answers | 482 | ||
| Dress Appropriately | 483 | ||
| Participating in the Interview | 484 | ||
| Purpose | 484 | ||
| Guidelines | 484 | ||
| Do | 484 | ||
| Don’t | 484 | ||
| Deciding Whether to Take the Job | 486 | ||
| Making Your Decision | 486 | ||
| Pre-Employment Screening | 486 | ||
| Certification | 487 | ||
| Employment: A Partnership | 487 | ||
| Employer and Employee Rights | 488 | ||
| Employer Rights | 488 | ||
| Employee Rights | 489 | ||
| Supervision and Evaluation | 490 | ||
| Continuing Your Education | 493 | ||
| Deciding to Leave Your Job | 493 | ||
| Leaving the Job Gracefully | 493 | ||
| Chapter Summary | 495 | ||
| Study Questions | 495 | ||
| Glossary | 496 | ||
| Index | 500 | ||
| A | 500 | ||
| B | 501 | ||
| C | 502 | ||
| D | 503 | ||
| E | 504 | ||
| F | 505 | ||
| G | 506 | ||
| H | 507 | ||
| I | 508 | ||
| J | 509 | ||
| K | 509 | ||
| L | 509 | ||
| M | 509 | ||
| N | 510 | ||
| O | 510 | ||
| P | 511 | ||
| Q | 513 | ||
| R | 513 | ||
| S | 513 | ||
| T | 515 | ||
| U | 515 | ||
| V | 516 | ||
| W | 516 | ||
| Inside back cover | ibc_i |