Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The clear, concise, and cutting-edge medical-surgical nursing content in Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice, 2nd Edition provides the solid foundation you need to pass the NCLEX Examination and succeed as a new nurse. It builds on the fundamentals of nursing and covers roles, settings, health care trends, all body systems and their disorders, emergency and disaster management, and mental health nursing. Written by noted authors Susan deWit and Candice Kumagai, Medical-Surgical Nursing reflects current national LPN/LVN standards with its emphasis on safety as well as complementary and alternative therapies.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Selected Student Resources on Evolve | iv | ||
| Resources in Every Chapter | iv | ||
| Skills with Skill Performance Checklists | iv | ||
| Nursing Care Plans | iv | ||
| Patient Teaching | iv | ||
| Clinical References | iv | ||
| Animations | v | ||
| Audio Clips | vi | ||
| Video Clips | vii | ||
| To the Instructor | xii | ||
| About the Text | xii | ||
| Pedagogical Features | xii | ||
| Organization of the Text | xiii | ||
| LPN Threads | xiii | ||
| Teaching and Learning Package | xiv | ||
| For the Instructor | xiv | ||
| For the Student | xiv | ||
| To the Student | xv | ||
| Reading and Review Tools | xv | ||
| Chapter Features | xv | ||
| Acknowledgments | xvii | ||
| Contents | xviii | ||
| Unit I: Medical-Surgical Nursing Settings, Roles, and Issues | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Caring for Medical-Surgical Patients | 1 | ||
| Roles of Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses | 1 | ||
| Uphold Clinical Standards | 2 | ||
| Provide Safe Patient Care | 2 | ||
| Teach Patients | 2 | ||
| Communicate Effectively | 2 | ||
| Work as a Collaborative Member of the Health Care Team | 2 | ||
| Advocate for the Patient | 3 | ||
| Employment Opportunities | 3 | ||
| Expanded Roles | 3 | ||
| Charge Nurse/Manager of Care | 3 | ||
| Delegation and Assignment | 3 | ||
| Delegation | 3 | ||
| Assignment | 4 | ||
| Types of Health Care Financing | 4 | ||
| Health Insurance | 4 | ||
| Group Health Insurance | 5 | ||
| Managed Care | 5 | ||
| Government-Sponsored Health Insurance | 5 | ||
| Medicare | 5 | ||
| Medicaid | 6 | ||
| Goals for Health Care | 6 | ||
| Cost Containment | 6 | ||
| Health Promotion and Healthy People 2020 | 6 | ||
| Holistic Care of Patients | 7 | ||
| Meeting Psychological Needs | 7 | ||
| Use of Empathy | 7 | ||
| Promote a Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship | 8 | ||
| Establish trust | 8 | ||
| Use therapeutic communication skills | 8 | ||
| Maintain patients' self-esteem | 8 | ||
| Display competence | 8 | ||
| Ensure pain control | 8 | ||
| Display compassion | 9 | ||
| Use therapeutic touch | 9 | ||
| Patients Who Display Difficult Behaviors | 9 | ||
| Meeting Social Needs | 9 | ||
| Meeting Cultural Needs | 9 | ||
| Biomedicine | 10 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 10 | ||
| Meeting Spiritual Needs | 10 | ||
| Chapter 2: Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process | 14 | ||
| Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment | 14 | ||
| Factors that Influence Your Thinking and Nursing Care | 15 | ||
| Attitude | 15 | ||
| Communication Skills | 16 | ||
| Integrating Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process | 16 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 16 | ||
| The Institute for Healthcare Improvement Bundles | 16 | ||
| The Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals | 16 | ||
| The Joint Commission National Quality Core Measures | 17 | ||
| Applying LPN/LVN Standards in Medical-Surgical Nursing | 17 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 17 | ||
| Sources of Information | 19 | ||
| Review of Admission Forms | 19 | ||
| Interview | 19 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 20 | ||
| Inspection and Observation | 20 | ||
| Olfaction | 20 | ||
| Palpation | 20 | ||
| Auscultation | 20 | ||
| Percussion | 22 | ||
| Practical Daily Focused Assessment (Data Collection) | 22 | ||
| Chart Review | 22 | ||
| Prioritizing | 22 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 23 | ||
| White Blood Cell Count | 23 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Count | 23 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 23 | ||
| Hematocrit | 23 | ||
| Platelet Count | 23 | ||
| Glucose | 23 | ||
| Hemoglobin A1C | 24 | ||
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone | 24 | ||
| Other Resources | 24 | ||
| Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis | 24 | ||
| Setting Priorities of Care | 25 | ||
| Planning | 26 | ||
| Goals and Expected Outcomes | 26 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 26 | ||
| Implementation | 26 | ||
| Staff Communication Regarding Care | 26 | ||
| Evaluation | 27 | ||
| Interdisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plan | 27 | ||
| Unit II: Medical-Surgical Patient Care Problems | 30 | ||
| Chapter 3: Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy | 30 | ||
| Distribution and Regulation of Body Fluids | 31 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 31 | ||
| Movement of Fluid and Electrolytes | 32 | ||
| Passive Transport | 32 | ||
| Diffusion | 32 | ||
| Osmosis | 32 | ||
| Filtration | 33 | ||
| Active Transport | 33 | ||
| Fluid Imbalances | 33 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 33 | ||
| Deficient Fluid Volume | 34 | ||
| Nursing Management | 35 | ||
| Nausea and Vomiting | 35 | ||
| Unit III:Immune System | 195 | ||
| Chapter 10: Th e Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 195 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 195 | ||
| What are the Organs and Structures of the Immune and Lymphatic systems? | 195 | ||
| What are the Functions of the Immune and Lymphatic systems? | 196 | ||
| What Effects does Aging have on the Immune and Lymphatic Systems? | 197 | ||
| Protective Mechanisms of the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 198 | ||
| Inflammatory Response | 198 | ||
| Immune Response | 198 | ||
| Types of Immunity | 199 | ||
| Primary Humoral Response | 199 | ||
| Secondary Cellular Response | 201 | ||
| Immunity Against Disease | 202 | ||
| Innate (Natural) Immunity | 202 | ||
| Acquired Immunity | 202 | ||
| Immune and Lymphatic System Disorders | 203 | ||
| Prevention of Immune and Lymphatic System Problems | 204 | ||
| Immunization | 204 | ||
| Nursing Implications | 204 | ||
| Nursing Management | 205 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 205 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 206 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests, Procedures, and Nursing Implications | 206 | ||
| Skin Testing | 206 | ||
| Laboratory Tests | 206 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 206 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 209 | ||
| Planning | 209 | ||
| Implementation | 209 | ||
| Evaluation | 209 | ||
| Common Problems Related to the Immune and Lymphatic Systems | 209 | ||
| Fever | 209 | ||
| Nursing Management | 211 | ||
| Nutrition | 212 | ||
| Unit IV:Respiratory System | 257 | ||
| Chapter 13:The Respiratory System | 257 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System | 257 | ||
| What are the functions of each of the structures of the upper respiratory system? | 257 | ||
| How does the epiglottis protect the airway? | 258 | ||
| How is speech produced in the larynx? | 258 | ||
| What are the functions of the structures of the lower respiratory system? | 258 | ||
| How is oxygen delivered to the alveolar membrane, where it can diffuse into the blood? | 258 | ||
| How is the lung protected? | 258 | ||
| How is respiration controlled? | 259 | ||
| How do the bones of the thorax and the respiratory muscles affect the respiratory process? | 259 | ||
| What factors can affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide? | 259 | ||
| What age-related changes affect the respiratory system? | 260 | ||
| Causes of Respiratory Disorders | 260 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 261 | ||
| Prevention | 261 | ||
| Nursing management | 262 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 262 | ||
| History Taking | 262 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 262 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 264 | ||
| Diagnostic Visual Examination of the Nose, Mouth, and Throat | 264 | ||
| Throat Culture | 268 | ||
| Tuberculosis Tests | 268 | ||
| Lung Function Tests | 268 | ||
| Peak Flowmeter | 268 | ||
| Lung Biopsy | 268 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 268 | ||
| Planning | 270 | ||
| Implementation | 270 | ||
| Evaluation | 270 | ||
| Common respiratory patient care problems | 271 | ||
| Ineffective Airway Clearance | 271 | ||
| Ineffective Breathing Patterns | 272 | ||
| Dyspnea or Breathlessness | 272 | ||
| Hypercapnia | 272 | ||
| Hypocapnia | 273 | ||
| Other Ineffective Breathing Patterns | 273 | ||
| Risk of Infection | 273 | ||
| Alterations in Nutrition and Hydration | 274 | ||
| Fatigue | 274 | ||
| Chapter 14: Care of Patients with Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System | 277 | ||
| Disorders of the nose and sinuses | 277 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) (the Common Cold) and Rhinitis | 277 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 277 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 277 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 277 | ||
| Sinusitis | 279 | ||
| Epistaxis | 280 | ||
| Pharyngitis | 280 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 280 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 280 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 280 | ||
| Tonsillitis | 281 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 281 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 281 | ||
| Treatment | 281 | ||
| Nursing Management | 281 | ||
| Preoperative Care | 281 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 281 | ||
| Obstruction and trauma | 281 | ||
| Airway Obstruction and Respiratory Arrest | 281 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 282 | ||
| Nasal Fracture | 282 | ||
| Cancer of the Larynx | 283 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 283 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 283 | ||
| Treatment | 283 | ||
| Endotracheal Intubation and Tracheostomy | 284 | ||
| Types of Tracheostomy Tubes | 285 | ||
| Nursing Management | 286 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 289 | ||
| Community care | 289 | ||
| Home Care | 290 | ||
| Extended Care | 290 | ||
| Chapter 15:Care of Patients with Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System | 293 | ||
| Respiratory infectious diseases | 293 | ||
| Acute Bronchitis | 293 | ||
| Influenza | 294 | ||
| Etiology | 294 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 295 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 295 | ||
| Diagnosis | 295 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 295 | ||
| Pneumonia | 295 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 295 | ||
| Prevention | 296 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 297 | ||
| Treatment | 297 | ||
| Nursing Management | 297 | ||
| Empyema | 298 | ||
| Fungal Infections | 298 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 298 | ||
| Etiology | 298 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 298 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 298 | ||
| Diagnosis | 299 | ||
| Tuberculin Skin Testing | 299 | ||
| Radiographic Examinations and Sputum Cultures | 299 | ||
| Treatment | 299 | ||
| Nursing Management | 301 | ||
| Control of Infection | 301 | ||
| Promotion of Immunity | 301 | ||
| Support | 301 | ||
| Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis | 301 | ||
| Bronchiectasis | 301 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis | 301 | ||
| Occupational Lung Disorders | 302 | ||
| Interstitial Pulmonary Disease | 302 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 302 | ||
| Pulmonary Fibrosis | 302 | ||
| Restrictive pulmonary disorders | 302 | ||
| Pleurisy | 302 | ||
| Pleural Effusion | 302 | ||
| Obstructive pulmonary disorders | 302 | ||
| Atelectasis | 303 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 303 | ||
| Etiology and Diagnosis of COPD | 303 | ||
| Emphysema | 303 | ||
| Unit V:Hematologic System | 331 | ||
| Chapter 16:The Hematologic System | 331 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Hematologic System | 331 | ||
| What are the functions of blood? | 331 | ||
| What are the components of blood? | 331 | ||
| What are the functions of the plasma proteins? | 331 | ||
| How does the body produce blood cells? | 332 | ||
| What are the functions of the red blood cells? | 332 | ||
| What are the functions of white blood cells? | 332 | ||
| What are platelets and what is their function? | 333 | ||
| How does the lymphatic system interact with the vascular system? | 334 | ||
| What changes of the hematologic system occur with aging? | 334 | ||
| Causes of hematologic disorders | 334 | ||
| Prevention of hematologic disorders | 335 | ||
| Diagnostic tests and procedures | 336 | ||
| Nursing management | 336 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 336 | ||
| History | 336 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 339 | ||
| Skin | 339 | ||
| Mucous Membranes | 339 | ||
| Abdomen | 339 | ||
| Swollen and Painful Joints | 340 | ||
| Lymph Tissue Involvement | 340 | ||
| Mental State | 340 | ||
| Activity Intolerance | 340 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 340 | ||
| Planning | 340 | ||
| Implementation | 342 | ||
| Evaluation | 342 | ||
| Common problems related to disorders of the hematologic system | 343 | ||
| Excessive Bleeding | 343 | ||
| Fatigue | 343 | ||
| Anorexia | 343 | ||
| Pain | 343 | ||
| Infection | 343 | ||
| Bone Marrow Failure | 344 | ||
| Chapter 17:Care of Patients with Hematologic Disorders | 346 | ||
| Disorders of the hematologic system | 346 | ||
| Anemia | 346 | ||
| Etiology | 346 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 347 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 348 | ||
| Diagnosis | 348 | ||
| Treatment | 349 | ||
| Nursing management | 349 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 349 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 351 | ||
| Planning | 351 | ||
| Implementation | 351 | ||
| Evaluation | 352 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 352 | ||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 353 | ||
| Etiology | 353 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 353 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 353 | ||
| Diagnosis | 353 | ||
| Treatment | 353 | ||
| Nursing Management | 354 | ||
| Polycythemia Vera | 354 | ||
| Leukemia | 355 | ||
| Etiology | 355 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 355 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 355 | ||
| Treatment | 356 | ||
| Nursing Management | 357 | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 359 | ||
| Multiple Myeloma | 360 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 360 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 360 | ||
| Treatment | 360 | ||
| Nursing Management | 360 | ||
| Hemophilia | 361 | ||
| Etiology | 361 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 361 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 361 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 361 | ||
| Nursing Management | 362 | ||
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 362 | ||
| Therapies frequently used in the management of hematologic disorders | 362 | ||
| Transfusions | 362 | ||
| Nursing Management | 363 | ||
| Transfusion Reaction | 364 | ||
| Leukapheresis | 364 | ||
| Biologic Response Modifiers: Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy | 364 | ||
| Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation | 364 | ||
| Oxygen Therapy | 366 | ||
| Iron Therapy | 366 | ||
| Vitamin B12 Therapy | 367 | ||
| Splenectomy | 367 | ||
| Community care | 367 | ||
| Unit VI:Cardiovascular System | 371 | ||
| Chapter 18:The Cardiovascular System | 371 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System | 371 | ||
| What are the structures of the heart and their functions? | 371 | ||
| What causes the heart to contract and pump blood? | 372 | ||
| What is the cardiac cycle? | 373 | ||
| What is the ejection fraction? | 373 | ||
| How does the vascular system function to carry blood throughout the body? | 373 | ||
| What is the blood pressure and what affects it? | 374 | ||
| What changes occur in the cardiovascular system with aging? | 375 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 375 | ||
| Women and Heart Disease | 375 | ||
| Causes of Cardiovascular Disorders | 375 | ||
| Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease | 376 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 377 | ||
| Cardiac Monitoring | 384 | ||
| Specific Tests for Vascular Disorders | 384 | ||
| Nursing management | 384 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 384 | ||
| History Taking | 384 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 385 | ||
| Pulses | 386 | ||
| Bruits | 387 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 387 | ||
| Skin | 388 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation | 388 | ||
| Collaboration | 392 | ||
| Evaluation | 393 | ||
| Common problems of patients with cardiovascular disorders | 393 | ||
| Fatigue and Dyspnea | 393 | ||
| Fluid Overload (Edema) | 393 | ||
| Pain | 394 | ||
| Altered Tissue Perfusion | 394 | ||
| Impaired Tissue Integrity | 395 | ||
| Chapter 19:Care of Patients with Hypertension and Peripheral Vascular Disease | 398 | ||
| Hypertension | 398 | ||
| Etiology | 398 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 400 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 400 | ||
| Treatment | 401 | ||
| Antihypertensive Therapy | 401 | ||
| Complications | 401 | ||
| Hypertensive Crisis | 401 | ||
| Nursing management | 404 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 404 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 404 | ||
| Implementation | 405 | ||
| Evaluation | 406 | ||
| Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis | 406 | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 406 | ||
| Peripheral Arterial Disease (Arterial Insufficiency) | 407 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 407 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 407 | ||
| Treatment | 409 | ||
| Nursing management | 409 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 409 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 410 | ||
| Implementation | 410 | ||
| Evaluation | 411 | ||
| Aneurysm | 411 | ||
| Etiology | 411 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 411 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 411 | ||
| Treatment | 411 | ||
| Nursing management | 412 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 412 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 412 | ||
| Implementation | 412 | ||
| Evaluation | 412 | ||
| Carotid Occlusion | 413 | ||
| Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) | 413 | ||
| Unit VII:Neurologic System | 472 | ||
| Chapter 22: The Neurologic System | 472 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Neurologic System | 472 | ||
| How is the nervous system organized? | 472 | ||
| How does the peripheral nervous system interact with the central nervous system? | 474 | ||
| How is the central nervous system protected? | 475 | ||
| How do nerves conduct impulses? | 475 | ||
| What are the special characteristics of the nervous system? | 477 | ||
| What changes occur in the nervous system with aging? | 478 | ||
| Causative factors involved in neurologic disorders | 478 | ||
| Prevention of neurologic disorders | 478 | ||
| Evaluation of neurologic status | 479 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 479 | ||
| Coordination and Balance | 479 | ||
| Neuromuscular Function Testing | 479 | ||
| Reflexes | 479 | ||
| Nursing management | 485 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 485 | ||
| Patient History | 485 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 485 | ||
| Vital Signs | 485 | ||
| Mental Function and Level of Consciousness | 486 | ||
| Neurologic and Neuromuscular Status | 486 | ||
| Pupillary Reactions | 487 | ||
| The ``Neuro´´ Check | 488 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 489 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 489 | ||
| Planning | 489 | ||
| Implementation | 489 | ||
| Evaluation | 489 | ||
| Common neurologic patient care problems | 492 | ||
| Ineffective Breathing Pattern | 492 | ||
| Impaired Mobility | 492 | ||
| Self-Care Deficit | 492 | ||
| Dysphagia | 493 | ||
| Incontinence | 493 | ||
| Bladder Training Program | 493 | ||
| Bowel Training Program | 494 | ||
| Pain | 495 | ||
| Confusion | 495 | ||
| Aphasia | 495 | ||
| Sexual Dysfunction | 496 | ||
| Psychosocial Concerns | 497 | ||
| Ineffective Family Coping | 497 | ||
| Chapter 23:Care of Patients with Head and Spinal Cord Injuries | 500 | ||
| Head injuries | 500 | ||
| Etiology | 500 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 500 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 501 | ||
| Diagnosis | 502 | ||
| Treatment | 502 | ||
| Surgical Intervention | 503 | ||
| Preoperative Period | 503 | ||
| Postoperative Period | 503 | ||
| Nursing Management | 503 | ||
| Increased Intracranial Pressure | 506 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 506 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 506 | ||
| Treatment | 507 | ||
| Complications | 508 | ||
| Diabetes Insipidus | 508 | ||
| Nursing management | 508 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 508 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, and Implementation | 508 | ||
| Evaluation | 509 | ||
| Injuries of the spine and spinal cord | 509 | ||
| Etiology | 509 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 509 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 509 | ||
| Treatment | 510 | ||
| Respiratory Management | 512 | ||
| Immobilization and Surgery | 512 | ||
| Urinary Management | 512 | ||
| Psychological Care | 512 | ||
| Grief and mourning response | 513 | ||
| Sexual Concerns | 513 | ||
| Complications | 513 | ||
| Spinal Shock and Neurogenic Shock | 513 | ||
| Muscle Spasms | 513 | ||
| Autonomic Dysreflexia (Hyperreflexia) | 514 | ||
| Orthostatic Hypotension | 515 | ||
| Deep Venous Thrombosis | 515 | ||
| Infection | 515 | ||
| Skin Breakdown | 515 | ||
| Renal Complications | 515 | ||
| Heterotopic Ossification | 515 | ||
| Nursing management | 515 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 515 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 516 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 516 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 517 | ||
| Back Pain and Ruptured Intervertebral Disk (``Slipped Disk´´) | 517 | ||
| Etiology | 517 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 517 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 518 | ||
| Treatment | 518 | ||
| Surgical Procedures | 518 | ||
| Nursing Management | 519 | ||
| Chapter 24:Care of Patients with Disorders of the Brain | 523 | ||
| Seizure disorders and epilepsy | 523 | ||
| Etiology | 523 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 524 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 524 | ||
| Partial Seizures | 524 | ||
| Generalized Seizures | 524 | ||
| Diagnosis | 524 | ||
| Treatment | 524 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 525 | ||
| Nursing management | 526 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 526 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, and Implementation | 526 | ||
| Patient Education | 527 | ||
| Evaluation | 527 | ||
| Transient ischemic attack | 527 | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident (stroke, brain attack) | 528 | ||
| Etiology | 528 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 528 | ||
| Cerebral Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malformation | 528 | ||
| Stroke Prevention | 530 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 530 | ||
| Diagnosis | 532 | ||
| Treatment | 532 | ||
| Surgical Procedures | 533 | ||
| Complications | 534 | ||
| Extension of Hemorrhage or Rebleed | 534 | ||
| Seizures | 534 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 534 | ||
| Nursing management | 534 | ||
| Phase 1 | 534 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 534 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 535 | ||
| Implementation | 535 | ||
| Evaluation | 538 | ||
| Phase 2 | 538 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 538 | ||
| Phase 3 | 539 | ||
| Continuum of Care | 539 | ||
| Brain tumor | 539 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 539 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 540 | ||
| Treatment | 540 | ||
| Surgery | 541 | ||
| Nursing Management | 541 | ||
| Complications | 541 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 541 | ||
| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | 541 | ||
| Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the nervous system | 541 | ||
| Bacterial Meningitis | 541 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 541 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 542 | ||
| Diagnosis | 542 | ||
| Treatment | 542 | ||
| Viral Meningitis | 543 | ||
| Nursing management | 543 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) and Nursing Diagnosis | 543 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 543 | ||
| Encephalitis | 544 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 544 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 544 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 544 | ||
| Complications | 544 | ||
| Brain Abscess | 544 | ||
| Headaches | 545 | ||
| Migraine Headaches | 545 | ||
| Cluster Headaches | 546 | ||
| Tension Headaches | 546 | ||
| Cranial nerve disorders | 546 | ||
| Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) | 546 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 546 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 547 | ||
| Treatment | 547 | ||
| Nursing management | 547 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) and Nursing Diagnosis | 547 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 547 | ||
| Bell's Palsy | 548 | ||
| Chapter 25: Care of Patients with Peripheral Nerve and Degenerative Neurologic Disorders | 551 | ||
| Parkinson's disease | 551 | ||
| Etiology | 551 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 551 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 552 | ||
| Diagnosis | 552 | ||
| Treatment | 553 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 554 | ||
| Complications | 554 | ||
| Nursing management | 554 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) and Nursing Diagnosis | 554 | ||
| Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation | 555 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 557 | ||
| Etiology | 557 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 557 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 557 | ||
| Diagnosis | 558 | ||
| Treatment | 558 | ||
| Nursing management | 559 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection), Nursing Diagnosis, and Planning | 559 | ||
| Implementation and Evaluation | 559 | ||
| Alzheimer's disease | 559 | ||
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 559 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 559 | ||
| Unit VIII:Sensory System | 568 | ||
| Chapter 26:The Sensory System: Eye and Ear | 568 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye | 568 | ||
| What are the structures of the eye? | 568 | ||
| What are the functions of the eye structures? | 569 | ||
| What changes occur in the eye with aging? | 570 | ||
| The eye | 571 | ||
| Eye Disorders | 571 | ||
| Prevention | 571 | ||
| Basic Eye Care | 571 | ||
| Prevention of Eye Injury | 572 | ||
| Prevention of Visual Loss | 572 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Examinations | 573 | ||
| Nursing management | 573 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 573 | ||
| History Taking | 573 | ||
| Physical Examination | 576 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 577 | ||
| Planning | 578 | ||
| Implementation | 578 | ||
| Nursing Interventions for the Visually Impaired Patient | 578 | ||
| Evaluation | 579 | ||
| Community care | 579 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear | 579 | ||
| What are the structures of the ear? | 579 | ||
| What are the functions of the ear structures? | 580 | ||
| What changes occur in the ear with aging? | 580 | ||
| The ear | 581 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 581 | ||
| Causes and Prevention | 581 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Examinations | 582 | ||
| Visual Examination of the Ear | 582 | ||
| Tuning Fork Tests | 583 | ||
| Test for Nystagmus | 583 | ||
| Romberg Test | 585 | ||
| Nursing management | 585 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 585 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 585 | ||
| Implementation | 587 | ||
| Instillation of Ear Medication | 587 | ||
| Communicating with the Hearing-Impaired Patient | 587 | ||
| Evaluation | 588 | ||
| Common Problems of Patients with Ear Disorders | 588 | ||
| Hearing Impairment | 588 | ||
| Dizziness and Vertigo | 589 | ||
| Tinnitus | 589 | ||
| Rehabilitation for Hearing Loss | 590 | ||
| Lip-Reading (Speech Reading) | 590 | ||
| Sign Language | 590 | ||
| Hearing Aids | 590 | ||
| Cochlear Implant | 590 | ||
| Hearing-Assistive Devices | 591 | ||
| Community care | 591 | ||
| Chapter 27:Care of Patients with Disorders of the Eyes and Ears | 594 | ||
| Common disorders of the eye | 594 | ||
| Errors of Refraction | 594 | ||
| Uveitis | 595 | ||
| Corneal Disorders | 595 | ||
| Keratitis | 595 | ||
| Corneal Ulcer | 596 | ||
| Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) | 596 | ||
| Eye Trauma | 597 | ||
| Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Eye | 597 | ||
| Chemical Burns | 597 | ||
| Enucleation | 597 | ||
| Care of an Artificial Eye | 597 | ||
| Cataract | 598 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 598 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 598 | ||
| Treatment | 598 | ||
| Nursing Management | 600 | ||
| Glaucoma | 600 | ||
| Etiology | 600 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 601 | ||
| Open-Angle Glaucoma | 602 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 602 | ||
| Diagnosis | 602 | ||
| Treatment | 602 | ||
| Nursing Management | 604 | ||
| Narrow-Angle (Angle-Closure) Glaucoma | 605 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 605 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 605 | ||
| Retinal Detachment | 605 | ||
| Etiology | 605 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 606 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 606 | ||
| Treatment | 606 | ||
| Nursing Management | 606 | ||
| Retinopathy | 608 | ||
| Unite IX:Gastrointestinal System | 620 | ||
| Chapter 28:The Gastrointestinal System | 620 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System | 620 | ||
| What are the organs and structures of the gastrointestinal system? | 620 | ||
| What are the functions of the gastrointestinal system? | 620 | ||
| What effects does aging have on the gastrointestinal system? | 621 | ||
| What are the structures and locations of the accessory organs? | 621 | ||
| What are the functions of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas? | 622 | ||
| How does aging affect the accessory organs of digestion? | 623 | ||
| The gastrointestinal system | 623 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System Disorders | 623 | ||
| Causes | 623 | ||
| Causes of Gallbladder Disorders | 623 | ||
| Causes of Liver Disorders | 624 | ||
| Causes of Pancreatic Disorders | 624 | ||
| Prevention of Gastrointestinal System Disorders | 624 | ||
| Prevention of Gallbladder Disorders | 625 | ||
| Prevention of Liver Disorders | 625 | ||
| Prevention of Pancreatic Disorders | 625 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests, Procedures, and Nursing Implications | 625 | ||
| Nursing management | 631 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 631 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 631 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 633 | ||
| Implementation | 633 | ||
| Evaluation | 633 | ||
| Common Problems Related to the Gastrointestinal System | 633 | ||
| Anorexia | 633 | ||
| Nursing Management | 633 | ||
| Nausea and Vomiting | 635 | ||
| Accumulation of Flatus (Gas) | 635 | ||
| Nursing Management | 635 | ||
| Constipation | 636 | ||
| Unit X:Musculoskeletal System | 716 | ||
| Chapter 32:The Musculoskeletal System | 716 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System | 716 | ||
| What are the structures of the musculoskeletal system? | 716 | ||
| What are the functions of the bones? | 717 | ||
| What are the functions of the muscles? | 718 | ||
| What changes occur in the musculoskeletal system with aging? | 718 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Disorders | 718 | ||
| Causes | 718 | ||
| Prevention | 719 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 719 | ||
| Nursing management | 723 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 723 | ||
| History Taking | 723 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 724 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 724 | ||
| Implementation | 727 | ||
| Lifting and Turning the Patient | 727 | ||
| Interventions to Prevent Disability | 727 | ||
| Preventing Contractures | 728 | ||
| Loss of Muscle Tone | 728 | ||
| Preventing Ankylosis | 728 | ||
| Gradual Mobilization | 728 | ||
| Exercise | 728 | ||
| Positioning | 729 | ||
| Special Beds | 729 | ||
| Use of Slings and Splints | 730 | ||
| Teaching Ambulation with Assistive Devices | 730 | ||
| Psychosocial Care | 731 | ||
| Evaluation | 732 | ||
| Chapter 33:Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | 734 | ||
| Connective Tissue Disorders | 734 | ||
| Sprain | 734 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 734 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 734 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 734 | ||
| Strain | 735 | ||
| Unit XI: Urinary System | 764 | ||
| Chapter 34:The Urinary System | 764 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Urologic System | 764 | ||
| What are the structures of the urologic system and how do they interrelate? | 764 | ||
| What are the functions of the kidneys? | 765 | ||
| What are the functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra? | 765 | ||
| What changes occur with aging? | 766 | ||
| The urologic system | 766 | ||
| Disorders of the Urologic System | 766 | ||
| Causes | 766 | ||
| Prevention | 767 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 767 | ||
| Nursing Management | 768 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 768 | ||
| History and Present Illness | 768 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 773 | ||
| Ongoing Assessment | 773 | ||
| Characteristics of Urine | 773 | ||
| Changes in Voiding Pattern | 774 | ||
| Pain and Discomfort | 774 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 775 | ||
| Planning | 775 | ||
| Implementation | 776 | ||
| Measuring Intake and Output | 777 | ||
| Evaluation | 777 | ||
| Common urologic problems | 777 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 777 | ||
| Etiology | 777 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 777 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 777 | ||
| Diagnosis | 777 | ||
| Treatment | 779 | ||
| Surgeries to Correct Incontinence | 780 | ||
| Nursing Management | 781 | ||
| Urinary Retention | 782 | ||
| Chapter 35:Care of Patients with Disorders of the Urinary System | 785 | ||
| Inflammatory disorders of the urinary tract | 785 | ||
| Cystitis | 785 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 785 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 786 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 786 | ||
| Urethritis | 788 | ||
| Pyelonephritis | 788 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 788 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 788 | ||
| Diagnosis | 788 | ||
| Treatment | 788 | ||
| Unit XII:Endocrine System | 818 | ||
| Chapter 36:The Endocrine System | 818 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System | 818 | ||
| What are the organs and structures of the endocrine system? | 818 | ||
| What are the functions of the endocrine system? | 819 | ||
| What are the effects of the pituitary hormones? | 819 | ||
| What are the effects of the thyroid hormones? | 819 | ||
| What are the functions of the parathyroid glands? | 821 | ||
| What are the functions of the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands? | 821 | ||
| What is the hormonal function of the pancreas? | 821 | ||
| What are the effects of aging on the endocrine system? | 822 | ||
| The endocrine system | 822 | ||
| Endocrine System Disorders | 823 | ||
| Causes | 823 | ||
| Prevention | 824 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 825 | ||
| Nursing management | 829 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 829 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 829 | ||
| Planning | 829 | ||
| Implementation | 831 | ||
| Evaluation | 831 | ||
| Community care | 831 | ||
| Chapter 37:Care of Patients with Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders | 833 | ||
| Disorders of the pituitary gland | 833 | ||
| Pituitary Tumors | 833 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 834 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 834 | ||
| Diagnosis | 834 | ||
| Treatment | 834 | ||
| Nursing Management | 834 | ||
| Hypofunction of the Pituitary Gland | 835 | ||
| Unit XIII:Reproductive System | 880 | ||
| Chapter 39:Care of Women with Reproductive Disorders | 880 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System | 881 | ||
| What are the primary external structures of the female reproductive system? | 881 | ||
| What are the primary internal structures of the female reproductive system? | 881 | ||
| What are the accessory organs of the female reproductive system? | 882 | ||
| What are the phases of the female reproductive cycle during the childbearing years? | 882 | ||
| When does sexual development occur in the fetus? | 882 | ||
| What changes take place as girls mature into women and become capable of reproduction? | 882 | ||
| What changes take place as a woman enters menopause? | 882 | ||
| What changes occur with aging? | 882 | ||
| The female reproductive system | 883 | ||
| Menstruation | 883 | ||
| Normal Menstrual Bleeding | 883 | ||
| Normal Vaginal Discharge | 883 | ||
| Normal Breasts | 883 | ||
| Contraception and Fertility | 883 | ||
| Contraceptive Options | 883 | ||
| Oral Contraceptives | 883 | ||
| Emergency Contraception | 887 | ||
| Infertility | 888 | ||
| Nursing Management | 889 | ||
| Assisted Reproduction | 890 | ||
| Menopause | 890 | ||
| Health Risks of Menopause | 890 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 890 | ||
| Coronary Heart Disease | 891 | ||
| Treatment Options During Menopause | 891 | ||
| Hormone Therapy | 891 | ||
| Bioidentical hormones | 891 | ||
| Alternative Therapies | 891 | ||
| Health Promotion and Disease Prevention | 892 | ||
| Health Screening and Assessments | 892 | ||
| Breast Self-Examination | 892 | ||
| Vulvar Self-Examination | 894 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 894 | ||
| Pelvic Examination | 894 | ||
| Nursing management | 894 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 894 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 894 | ||
| Planning | 897 | ||
| Implementation | 900 | ||
| Evaluation | 900 | ||
| Disorders of the female reproductive system | 902 | ||
| Menstrual Dysfunctions | 902 | ||
| Premenstrual Syndrome | 902 | ||
| Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | 902 | ||
| Dysmenorrhea | 902 | ||
| Primary Dysmenorrhea | 902 | ||
| Secondary Dysmenorrhea | 902 | ||
| Pelvic Relaxation Syndrome | 903 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 903 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 903 | ||
| Diagnosis | 903 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 903 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 903 | ||
| Surgical Management | 903 | ||
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | 904 | ||
| Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding | 904 | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | 904 | ||
| Leiomyoma | 905 | ||
| Endometriosis | 906 | ||
| Robotic Gynecologic Surgery | 906 | ||
| Inflammations of the Lower Genital Tract | 906 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 906 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 906 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Management | 906 | ||
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | 906 | ||
| Cancer of the Reproductive Tract | 907 | ||
| Vulvar Cancer | 907 | ||
| Cancer of the Cervix | 907 | ||
| Cancer of the Uterus | 907 | ||
| Cancer of the Ovary | 908 | ||
| Disorders of the breast | 908 | ||
| Benign Disorders of the Breast | 908 | ||
| Fibroadenoma | 908 | ||
| Fibrocystic Breast Changes | 908 | ||
| Intraductal Papilloma | 908 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 909 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 909 | ||
| Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | 910 | ||
| Prevention | 910 | ||
| Treatment | 910 | ||
| Breast Reconstructive Surgery | 912 | ||
| Reduction Mammoplasty | 912 | ||
| Augmentation Mammoplasty | 912 | ||
| Reconstructive Mammoplasty | 912 | ||
| Nursing Management for Breast Cancer Surgery | 913 | ||
| Preoperative Care | 913 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 913 | ||
| Collaborative Care | 913 | ||
| Complications | 913 | ||
| Lymphedema | 913 | ||
| Home care | 915 | ||
| Community care | 915 | ||
| Chapter 40:Care of Men with Reproductive Disorders | 918 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System | 918 | ||
| What are the structures of the male reproductive system? | 918 | ||
| What are the functions of the organs of the male reproductive system? | 919 | ||
| How is sperm production controlled? | 919 | ||
| What changes occur with aging? | 920 | ||
| The male reproductive system | 920 | ||
| Fertility | 920 | ||
| Contraception | 920 | ||
| Reversible Contraception | 920 | ||
| Permanent Contraception: Vasectomy | 920 | ||
| Nursing management | 921 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 921 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 921 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 922 | ||
| Planning | 923 | ||
| Implementation | 923 | ||
| Evaluation | 923 | ||
| Disorders of the male reproductive system | 923 | ||
| Erectile Dysfunction | 923 | ||
| Treatment | 924 | ||
| Ejaculation Disorders | 924 | ||
| Infertility | 924 | ||
| Hydrocele | 925 | ||
| Varicocele | 926 | ||
| Testicular Torsion | 926 | ||
| Priapism | 926 | ||
| Peyronie's Disease | 927 | ||
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | 927 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 927 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 927 | ||
| Diagnosis | 927 | ||
| Treatment | 927 | ||
| Drug Therapy | 927 | ||
| Herbal Therapy | 928 | ||
| Surgery | 928 | ||
| Nursing Management | 928 | ||
| Preoperative Care | 928 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 928 | ||
| Inflammations and Infections of the Male Reproductive Tract | 932 | ||
| Epididymitis | 932 | ||
| Orchitis | 932 | ||
| Prostatitis | 932 | ||
| Cancer of the Male Reproductive Tract | 933 | ||
| Cancer of the Penis | 933 | ||
| Testicular Cancer | 933 | ||
| Prostate Cancer | 934 | ||
| Clinical Symptoms and Screening | 934 | ||
| Treatment and Nursing Care | 934 | ||
| Community care | 935 | ||
| Chapter 41:Care of Patients with Sexually Transmitted Infections | 938 | ||
| Common infections of the female reproductive tract | 939 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 939 | ||
| Candidiasis | 939 | ||
| Bacterial Vaginosis | 939 | ||
| Risk factors for transmission of sexually transmitted infections | 939 | ||
| Prevention of Human Papillomavirus | 940 | ||
| Lesions of Sexually Transmitted Infections | 940 | ||
| Reporting Sexually Transmitted Infections | 940 | ||
| Transmission of sexually transmitted infections | 940 | ||
| Common Diagnostic Tests | 941 | ||
| Nursing Management | 941 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 941 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 948 | ||
| Planning | 948 | ||
| Implementation | 948 | ||
| Symptom Relief | 948 | ||
| Prevention of Spread | 948 | ||
| Evaluation | 950 | ||
| Community care | 950 | ||
| Unit XIV:Integumentary System | 952 | ||
| Chapter 42:The Integumentary System | 952 | ||
| Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Integumentary System | 952 | ||
| What is the structure of the skin, hair, and nails? | 952 | ||
| What are the functions of the skin and its structures? | 953 | ||
| What changes occur in the skin and its structures with aging? | 953 | ||
| The integumentary system | 954 | ||
| Disorders of the Integumentary System | 954 | ||
| Causes | 954 | ||
| Prevention | 954 | ||
| Hygiene | 954 | ||
| Diet | 954 | ||
| Age | 955 | ||
| Environment | 955 | ||
| Integrity of skin | 956 | ||
| Nursing Management | 956 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests and Procedures | 957 | ||
| Skin Biopsy | 957 | ||
| Culture and Sensitivity Tests | 957 | ||
| Microscopic Tests | 957 | ||
| Special Light Inspection | 957 | ||
| Diascopy | 957 | ||
| Skin Patch Testing | 957 | ||
| Nursing Care for Diagnostic Tests | 957 | ||
| Nursing management | 958 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 958 | ||
| History Taking | 958 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 958 | ||
| Assessing the Skin for Signs of Breakdown | 960 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 960 | ||
| Implementation | 960 | ||
| Giving Medicated Baths | 962 | ||
| Laundry Requirements | 962 | ||
| Application of Wet Compresses or Dressings | 963 | ||
| Application of Topical Therapy | 963 | ||
| Evaluation | 963 | ||
| Chapter 43:Care of Patients with Integumentary Disorders and Burns | 966 | ||
| Inflammatory infections | 966 | ||
| Dermatitis | 966 | ||
| Etiology, Pathophysiology, Signs, and Symptoms | 966 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 967 | ||
| Nursing Management | 967 | ||
| Acne | 967 | ||
| Etiology, Pathophysiology, Signs, and Symptoms | 967 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 968 | ||
| Nursing Management | 968 | ||
| Psoriasis | 969 | ||
| Etiology, Pathophysiology, Signs, and Symptoms | 969 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 969 | ||
| Nursing Management | 969 | ||
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | 969 | ||
| Bacterial Infections | 970 | ||
| Etiology, Pathophysiology, Signs, and Symptoms | 970 | ||
| Diagnosis, Treatment, and Nursing Management | 970 | ||
| Viral Infections | 970 | ||
| Herpes Simplex | 970 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 970 | ||
| Unit XV:Emergency and Disaster Management | 997 | ||
| Chapter 44:Care of Patients During Disasters, Bioterrorism Attacks, and Pandemic Infections | 997 | ||
| Disaster Preparedness and Response | 997 | ||
| Community Preparedness | 999 | ||
| Hospital Preparedness | 1000 | ||
| Psychological Responses to Disaster | 1001 | ||
| Triage | 1001 | ||
| Nursing Roles and Responsibilities During Disaster | 1002 | ||
| Care of Special Populations | 1003 | ||
| Water and Food Safety | 1003 | ||
| Nursing Management in the Reconstruction Stage | 1006 | ||
| Preparing for chemical, nuclear, or biologic disasters | 1006 | ||
| Chemical Disaster | 1006 | ||
| Nuclear Disaster | 1009 | ||
| Biologic Disaster | 1010 | ||
| Biologic Agents | 1011 | ||
| Anthrax | 1011 | ||
| Botulism | 1013 | ||
| Plague | 1013 | ||
| Smallpox | 1013 | ||
| Tularemia | 1014 | ||
| Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers | 1014 | ||
| Pandemic Influenza Infection | 1015 | ||
| Nurse's Role in Preparedness and Response | 1015 | ||
| Recognizing a Bioterrorism Event | 1015 | ||
| Nursing Management | 1016 | ||
| Debriefing | 1016 | ||
| Chapter 45:Care of Patients with Trauma or Shock | 1019 | ||
| Prevention of accidents | 1019 | ||
| Home Safety | 1019 | ||
| Highway Safety | 1019 | ||
| Water Safety | 1019 | ||
| First aid and good samaritan laws | 1020 | ||
| Emergency care | 1021 | ||
| Triage: Initial Survey | 1022 | ||
| Airway and Respiration | 1022 | ||
| Control of Bleeding | 1023 | ||
| Neck and Spine Injuries | 1024 | ||
| Chest Trauma | 1024 | ||
| Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, and Tension Pneumothorax | 1025 | ||
| Abdominal Trauma | 1025 | ||
| Multiple Trauma | 1026 | ||
| Metabolic emergencies | 1026 | ||
| Insulin Reaction or Severe Hypoglycemia | 1026 | ||
| Treatment | 1026 | ||
| Other metabolic emergencies | 1026 | ||
| Injuries caused by extreme heat and cold | 1026 | ||
| Heatstroke | 1026 | ||
| Unit XVI:Mental Health Nursing of the Adult | 1045 | ||
| Chapter 46:Care of Patients with Anxiety, Mood, and Eating Disorders | 1045 | ||
| Anxiety and anxiety disorders | 1045 | ||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 1046 | ||
| Phobic Disorder | 1047 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 1047 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 1047 | ||
| Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders | 1047 | ||
| Treatment of Anxiety Disorders | 1048 | ||
| Nursing management | 1048 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1048 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1049 | ||
| Planning | 1050 | ||
| Implementation | 1050 | ||
| Evaluation | 1051 | ||
| Mood disorders | 1051 | ||
| Bipolar Disorder | 1051 | ||
| Treatment | 1051 | ||
| Nursing management | 1052 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1052 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1052 | ||
| Planning | 1052 | ||
| Implementation | 1052 | ||
| Evaluation | 1055 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder | 1055 | ||
| Treatment | 1055 | ||
| Nursing management | 1057 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1057 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1058 | ||
| Planning | 1058 | ||
| Implementation | 1058 | ||
| Evaluation | 1058 | ||
| Suicidal Patients | 1059 | ||
| Nursing management | 1059 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1059 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1059 | ||
| Planning | 1059 | ||
| Implementation | 1060 | ||
| Evaluation | 1060 | ||
| Eating disorders | 1060 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1060 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 1060 | ||
| Treatment of Eating Disorders | 1061 | ||
| Nursing management | 1061 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1061 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1061 | ||
| Planning | 1061 | ||
| Implementation | 1061 | ||
| Evaluation | 1062 | ||
| Community care | 1062 | ||
| Chapter 47:Care of Patients with Substance Abuse Disorders | 1065 | ||
| Substance and alcohol abuse | 1065 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 1066 | ||
| Effects of Substance Abuse on Family and Friends | 1067 | ||
| Disorders associated with substance abuse | 1068 | ||
| Alcohol Abuse | 1068 | ||
| Symptoms of Intoxication and Withdrawal | 1068 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1068 | ||
| Treatment | 1069 | ||
| Complications | 1071 | ||
| Abuse of Other Central Nervous System Depressants | 1071 | ||
| Treatment | 1072 | ||
| Abuse of Opiates | 1073 | ||
| Treatment | 1073 | ||
| Abuse of Stimulants | 1074 | ||
| Treatment | 1074 | ||
| Abuse of Nicotine | 1075 | ||
| Treatment | 1075 | ||
| Abuse of Cannabis | 1075 | ||
| Abuse of Hallucinogens and Inhalants | 1076 | ||
| Treatment | 1076 | ||
| Nursing management | 1076 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1076 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1077 | ||
| Planning | 1077 | ||
| Implementation | 1077 | ||
| Intervening with the Family | 1078 | ||
| Evaluation | 1081 | ||
| Community care | 1081 | ||
| Chapter 48:Care of Patients with Cognitive Disorders | 1085 | ||
| Overview of cognitive disorders | 1085 | ||
| Delirium | 1085 | ||
| Substance-Induced Delirium | 1086 | ||
| Dementia | 1086 | ||
| Alzheimer's Disease | 1087 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 1087 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 1087 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1088 | ||
| Treatment | 1088 | ||
| Nursing management | 1088 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1088 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis and Planning | 1089 | ||
| Implementation and Evaluation | 1093 | ||
| Vascular Dementia | 1093 | ||
| AIDS Dementia Complex | 1093 | ||
| Nursing management | 1093 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1093 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1095 | ||
| Planning | 1095 | ||
| Implementation | 1095 | ||
| Assessment of and Interventions for the Family | 1098 | ||
| Evaluation | 1099 | ||
| Community care | 1099 | ||
| Chapter 49:Care of Patients with Thought and Personality Disorders | 1102 | ||
| Overview of thought disorders | 1102 | ||
| Neurotransmitters | 1102 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 1103 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 1103 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 1103 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1104 | ||
| Treatment | 1105 | ||
| Nursing management | 1108 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1108 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1108 | ||
| Planning | 1108 | ||
| Implementation | 1109 | ||
| Evaluation | 1113 | ||
| Overview of personality disorders | 1113 | ||
| Borderline Personality Disorder | 1114 | ||
| Treatment | 1114 | ||
| Nursing management | 1114 | ||
| Assessment (Data Collection) | 1114 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 1115 | ||
| Planning | 1115 | ||
| Implementation | 1115 | ||
| Evaluation | 1116 | ||
| Community care | 1116 | ||
| Appendix | 1119 | ||
| Appendix A:Most Common Laboratory Test Values | 1119 | ||
| Appendix B: Standard Precautions | 1128 | ||
| Hand Hygiene | 1128 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 1128 | ||
| Gloves | 1128 | ||
| Gowns | 1129 | ||
| Mouth, Nose, and Eye Protection | 1129 | ||
| Patient Care Equipment and Instruments/Devices | 1129 | ||
| Care of the Environment | 1129 | ||
| Textiles and Laundry | 1129 | ||
| Safe Injection Practices | 1129 | ||
| Worker Safety | 1129 | ||
| Appendix C: Standard Steps for All Nursing Procedures | 1130 | ||
| At the beginning of the procedure | 1130 | ||
| Step A: Perform Task According to Protocol | 1130 | ||
| Step B: Check Orders, Collect Equipment and Supplies, and Perform Hand Hygiene | 1130 | ||
| Step C: Identify and Prepare Patient | 1130 | ||
| Step D: Provide Privacy, Institute Safety Precautions, Arrange Supplies and Equipment | 1130 | ||
| During the procedure | 1130 | ||
| Step E: Use Standard Precautions and Aseptic Technique as Appropriate | 1130 | ||
| At the end of the procedure | 1130 | ||
| Step X: Remove Gloves and Other Protective Equipment | 1130 | ||
| Step Y: Restore Unit | 1130 | ||
| Step Z: Record and Report Procedure | 1131 | ||
| Appendix D: Answers to Review Questions forthe NCLEXW Examination | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 29 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 30 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 32 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 33 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 34 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 35 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 36 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 37 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 38 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 39 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 40 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 41 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 42 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 43 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 44 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 45 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 46 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 47 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 48 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 49 | 1133 | ||
| Appendix E: Standards of Practice and EducationalCompetencies of Graduates of Practical/Vocational Nursing Programs | 1134 | ||
| Professional Behaviors | 1134 | ||
| Communication | 1134 | ||
| Assessment* | 1135 | ||
| Planning | 1135 | ||
| Caring interventions | 1135 | ||
| Managing | 1136 | ||
| Appendix F: NFLPN Nursing Practice Standards for the FLicensed Practical/Vocational Nurse | 1137 | ||
| Nursing practice standards for the licensed practical/vocational nurse | 1137 | ||
| Preface | 1137 | ||
| The code for licensed practical/vocational nurses | 1137 | ||
| Introductory statement | 1137 | ||
| Definition | 1137 | ||
| Scope | 1137 | ||
| Standards | 1137 | ||
| Education | 1137 | ||
| Legal/Ethical Status | 1138 | ||
| Practice | 1138 | ||
| Continuing Education | 1138 | ||
| Specialized Nursing Practice | 1138 | ||
| Glossary | 1138 | ||
| Apppendix G: American Hospital Association: The Patient CarePartnership—Understanding Expectations,Rights, and Responsibilities | 1140 | ||
| Reader References | 1142 | ||
| General Resources | 1142 | ||
| IIIustration Credits | 1159 | ||
| Glossary | 1163 | ||
| Index | 1185 | ||
| Helpful Phrases for Communicating in Spanish | e1 | ||
| Basic Math Review | e5 | ||
| Roman Numerals | e5 | ||
| Procedure for Reading And Writing Roman Numerals | e5 | ||
| Fractions | e6 | ||
| Kinds of Fractions | e6 | ||
| Procedure for Converting Between Improper Fractions and Whole or Mixed Numbers | e7 | ||
| Changing An Improper Fraction Into A Whole Or Mixed Number | e7 | ||
| Changing Mixed Numbers Into Improper Fractions | e7 | ||
| Equivalent Fractions | e7 | ||
| Procedure for Finding the Lowest Common Denominator | e8 | ||
| Procedure For Addition Of Fractions And Mixed Numbers | e8 | ||
| Procedure for Subtraction of Fractionsand Mixed Numbers | e9 | ||
| Procedure for Multiplication Offractions and Mixed Numbers | e9 | ||
| Procedure for Division of Fractionsand Mixed Numbers | e10 | ||
| Ratio | e10 | ||
| Decimals | e10 | ||
| Procedure for Reading and Writingdecimals | e11 | ||
| Procedure for Addition of Decimals | e11 | ||
| Procedure for Subtraction of Decimals | e12 | ||
| Procedure for Multiplication of Decimals | e12 | ||
| Procedure for Division of Decimals | e12 | ||
| Procedure for Changing Decimalsto Fractions | e13 | ||
| Procedure for Changing Commonfractions to Decimals | e13 | ||
| Percentage | e13 | ||
| Procedure for Finding Percentof a Number | e14 | ||
| Procedure for Finding Whatpercent one Number is of Another | e14 | ||
| Proportion | e14 | ||
| Procedure to Solve for an Unknownterm in a Proportion | e15 | ||
| Fahrenheit and Celsius | e15 | ||
| Procedure for Converting Betweenfahrenheit and Celsius | e15 | ||
| Systems of Measurement | e16 | ||
| Metric System | e16 | ||
| Procedure for Conversionamong Metric Units | e16 | ||
| System of Household Measurements | e17 | ||
| Answers to Basic Math Review | e19 | ||
| Roman Numerals | e19 | ||
| Fractioins | e19 | ||
| Decimals | e19 | ||
| Percentage | e20 | ||
| Proportion | e20 | ||
| Fahrenheit and celsius | e20 | ||
| Systems of Measurement | e20 | ||
| Chapter 9 | e20 | ||
| Chapter 10 | e20 | ||
| Chapter 11 | e20 | ||
| Chapter 12 | e20 | ||
| Chapter 13 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 14 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 15 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 16 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 17 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 18 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 19 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 20 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 21 | e21 | ||
| Chpater 22 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 23 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 24 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 25 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 26 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 27 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 28 | e21 | ||
| Chapter 29 | e21 | ||
| NANDA-I-Approved Nursing Diagnoses, 2012-2014 | 1235 |