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Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider - E-Book

Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider - E-Book

Marilyn Winterton Edmunds | Maren Stewart Mayhew

(2013)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Written by and for nurse practitioners, and also suitable for physician’s assistants, Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 4th Edition focuses on what you need to know to safely and effectively prescribe drugs for primary care. An emphasis on patient teaching helps you gain patient adherence to prescribed drug regimens, and guidelines for health promotion help in maintaining and improving your patients’ health. Now in full color, this edition expands the book's emphasis on the QSEN priorities of safety and evidence-based practice, and adds coverage of new drugs, new drug classes, and new therapeutic drug uses. Written by leading nurse practitioner authorities Marilyn Winterton Edmunds and Maren Stewart Mayhew, Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider teaches principles of pharmacotherapeutics using today’s most commonly used drugs.

    • A Key Drugs focus highlights the most commonly used and most representative drugs of each major drug class — with particular emphasis on the top 100 most commonly prescribed drugs.
    • Emphasis on patient teaching helps you communicate with patients and family caregivers to promote adherence to the drug regimen.
    • Emphasis on health promotion describes how to help patients stay well and improve their health, including coverage of immunizations and biologicals, vitamins, weight management, and smoking cessation.
    • Evidence-Based Decision-Making and Treatment Guidelines chapter (11) provides practical guidelines for using the best current research evidence to make decisions about the care of individual patients.
    • Extensive coverage of drug therapy for special populations such as geriatric and pediatric patients includes considerations related to age, pregnancy, race, and other factors.
    • UNIQUE! Coverage of prescriptive practice includes topics such as prescriptive authority, role implementation, and the role of nurses (NPs, CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and physician assistants in writing prescriptions.
    • NEW! Full-color design and illustrations highlight the most important content.
    • DRUG UPDATES reflect the latest FDA-approved drugs, drug classes, and therapeutic uses.
    • Expanded emphasis on the QSEN priorities of safety and evidence-based practice helps you eliminate drug prescribing errors with color-highlighted Safety Alerts! and NEW Clinical Practice Alerts!
    • NEW section on male hormone replacement therapies adds coverage of men to that for women.
    • Updated evidence-based prescribing information reflects the latest national clinical practice guidelines and evidence-based treatment guidelines, including the latest clinical treatment guidelines for diabetes.
    • NEW! Complementary and Alternative Products tables highlight interactions with drugs, and are emphasized with a distinctive icon.
    • Updated Drug Overview tables are enhanced with color as well as Top 100 icons that highlight the most commonly prescribed drugs.

    Table of Contents

    Section Title Page Action Price
    Front\rCover Cover
    Table of Contents IFC
    Evolve Page ii
    Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider\r iii
    Copyright iv
    Contributors v
    Reviewers vi
    Preface vii
    Special Features vii
    Organization vii
    Contents ix
    UNIT 1 -\rFoundations of Prescriptive Practice 1
    Chapter 1 - Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. Change 1
    Traditional Provision of Primary Care 1
    Importance of Prescriptive Authority in Health Care Delivery 2
    Research on Prescriptive Practice of Physicians 2
    Problems in the Prescribing Practice of Physicians 3
    Summary 4
    Chapter 2 - Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs, CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants 5
    The Prescriptive Authority of Nurses 6
    Prescriptive Authority and the Physician’s Assistant 15
    Acknowledgments 19
    UNIT 2 -\rPharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 21
    Chapter 3 - General Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles\r 21
    Drug Nomenclature 21
    Pharmacokinetics 21
    Pharmacodynamics 32
    Summary 49
    Chapter 4 - Special Populations: Geriatrics 50
    Functional Assessment 50
    Process Model of Prescribing for the Elderly 58
    Chapter 5 - Special Populations: Pediatrics 60
    Effect of Disease on Drug Processes in Children 63
    Choosing a Drug Regimen 64
    Adverse Drug Reactions in Children 64
    Calculations of Pediatric Dosages 64
    Special Compliance Problems in Children 69
    Summary 69
    Chapter 6 - Special Populations: Pregnant and Nursing Women 70
    Specific Infections of Concern 77
    Known Hazards to Mothers and Their Children 82
    Drugs in Breastfeeding Mothers 84
    Chapter 7 - Over-the-Counter Medications 88
    Extent of OTC Medication Use 88
    Advantages and Disadvantages of OTC Use 90
    How Can the Primary Care Provider Be Helpful to Patients Who Are Taking OTC Medications? 90
    Chapter 8 - Complementary and Alternative Therapies\r 93
    Defining Complementary and Alternative Therapies 93
    Complementary Therapies and Herbal Medicine 95
    Drug–Herb Interactions 98
    Patient Variables 100
    UNIT 3 -\rThe Art and Scienceof Pharmacotherapeutics 103
    Chapter 9 - Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship 103
    Failure of the Therapeutic Relationship 109
    Chapter 10 - Practical Tips on Writing Prescriptions 112
    Who May Write Prescriptions? 112
    Drug Schedules 113
    Components of the Traditional Prescription 114
    Electronic Drug Prescriptions or E-Sign 116
    Drug Prescribing Etiquette 116
    Avoiding Mistakes 117
    Administrative Concerns 119
    Preventing Problems in Drug Use 121
    Good Communication and Developing a Positive Relationship with the Pharmacist 122
    Chapter 11 - Evidence-Based Decision Making and Treatment Guidelines 123
    Critical Thinking 123
    Decision Making 125
    Evidence-Based Medicine 131
    Clinical Guidelines 135
    Chapter 12 - Design and Implementation of Patient Education 139
    Evaluation of Learning 144
    UNIT 4 -\rTopical Agents 149
    Chapter 13 - Dermatologic Agents\r 149
    Therapeutic Overview of Dermatologic Agents 150
    Mechanism of Action 152
    Treatment Principles 152
    Topical Corticosteroids 153
    Therapeutic Overview of Topical Corticosteroids 153
    Mechanism of Action 154
    Treatment Principles 154
    UNIT 5 -\rRespiratory Agents 185
    Chapter 15 - Upper Respiratory Agents \r 185
    Therapeutic Overview of Upper Respiratory Infection and Allergic Rhinitis 187
    Mechanism of Action 187
    Treatment Principles 188
    Specific Drugs 194
    Chapter 16 - Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Medications 204
    Therapeutic Overview of Asthma 205
    Therapeutic Overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 207
    Mechanism of Action 208
    Treatment Principles of Asthma 209
    Treatment Principles of COPD 212
    Specific Drugs 216
    UNIT 6 -\rCardiovascular Agents 225
    Chapter 17 - Hypertension and Miscellaneous Antihypertensive Medications\r 225
    Therapeutic Overview of Hypertension 225
    Mechanism of Action 228
    Treatment Principles 229
    Specific Drugs 233
    Chapter 18 - Coronary Artery Disease and Antianginal Medications 236
    Therapeutic Overview of Coronary Artery Disease 236
    Mechanism of Action 239
    Treatment Principles 240
    Specific Drugs 244
    Chapter 19 - Heart Failure and Digoxin 247
    Therapeutic Overview of Chronic Heart Failure 247
    Mechanism of Action 248
    Treatment Principles 250
    Specific Drugs 254
    Chapter 20 - β-Blockers 256
    Mechanism of Action 256
    Treatment Principles 258
    Specific Drugs 261
    Chapter 21 - Calcium Channel Blockers 265
    Therapeutic Overview 265
    Mechanism of Action 265
    Treatment Principles 267
    Specific Drugs 269
    Chapter 22 - ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers 273
    Therapeutic Overview 274
    Mechanism of Action 274
    Treatment Principles 275
    Specific Drugs 278
    Chapter 23 - Antiarrhythmic Agents 281
    Therapeutic Overview of Arrhythmias 281
    Mechanism of Action 284
    Treatment Principles 285
    Specific Drugs 288
    Chapter 24 - Antihyperlipidemic Agents 293
    Therapeutic Overview 294
    Mechanism of Action 295
    Treatment Principles 296
    Specific Drugs 301
    Chapter 25 - Agents That Act on Blood 307
    Therapeutic Overview 309
    Mechanism of Action 310
    Treatment Principles 312
    Specific Drugs 319
    UNIT 7 -\rGastrointestinal Agents 327
    Chapter 26 - Antacids and the Management of GERD 327
    Mechanism of Action 328
    Treatment Principles 328
    Specific Drugs 331
    Chapter 27 - Histamine2-Blockers and Proton Pump Inhibitors 333
    Therapeutic Overview 333
    Mechanism of Action 335
    Treatment Principles 336
    Specific Drugs 337
    Chapter 28 - Laxatives 340
    Therapeutic Overview 341
    Mechanism of Action 342
    Treatment Principles 342
    Specific Drugs 346
    Chapter 29 - Antidiarrheals 351
    Therapeutic Overview 351
    Mechanism of Action 352
    Treatment Principles 353
    Specific Drugs 354
    Chapter 30 - Antiemetics 356
    Therapeutic Overview 356
    Mechanism of Action 357
    Treatment Principles 358
    Specific Drugs 359
    Chapter 31 - Medications for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Other Gastrointestinal Problems 362
    Irritable Bowel Syndrome 362
    Therapeutic Overview of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 362
    Mechanism of Action 363
    Treatment Principles 363
    Specific Drugs 365
    UNIT 8 -\rRenal/Genitourinary Agents 369
    Chapter 32 - Diuretics\r 369
    UNIT 9\r- Musculoskeletal Agents 399
    Chapter 35 - Acetaminophen\r 399
    Therapeutic Overview 399
    Mechanism of Action 400
    Treatment Principles 400
    Specific Drugs 401
    Chapter 36 - Aspirin and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Medications 403
    Therapeutic Overview 404
    Mechanism of Action 405
    Treatment Principles 407
    Chapter 37 - Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Medications and Immune Modulators 415
    Mechanism of Action 416
    Treatment Principles 417
    Specific Drugs 420
    Chapter 38 - Gout Medications 422
    Therapeutic Overview 422
    Mechanism of Action 423
    Treatment Principles 424
    Specific Drugs 426
    Chapter 39 - Osteoporosis Treatment 429
    Therapeutic Overview 430
    Mechanism of Action 432
    Treatment Principles 433
    Specific Drugs 438
    Chapter 40 - Muscle Relaxants 442
    Therapeutic Overview 442
    Mechanism of Action 443
    Treatment Principles 444
    Specific Drugs 445
    UNIT 10 -\rCentral Nervous System Agents 447
    Chapter 41 - Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder\r 447
    Therapeutic Overview 448
    Mechanism of Action 450
    Treatment Principles 450
    Specific Drugs 452
    Chapter 42 - Medications for Dementia 457
    Therapeutic Overview 457
    Mechanism of Action 458
    Treatment Principles 458
    Specific Drugs 460
    Chapter 43 - Analgesia and Pain Management 463
    Therapeutic Overview 464
    Mechanism of Action 466
    Treatment Principles 467
    Specific Drugs 470
    Chapter 44 - Migraine Medications 477
    Therapeutic Overview 477
    Mechanism of Action 479
    Treatment Principles 480
    Specific Drugs 484
    Chapter 45 - Antiepileptics 488
    Therapeutic Overview 490
    Mechanism of Action 490
    Treatment Principles 491
    Specific Drugs 496
    Chapter 46 - Antiparkinson Agents 503
    Therapeutic Overview 503
    Mechanism of Action 505
    Treatment Principles 506
    Specific Drugs 508
    UNIT 11 -\rPsychotropic Agents 517
    Chapter 47 - Antidepressants\r 517
    Therapeutic Overview 519
    Mechanism of Action 521
    Treatment Principles 523
    Specific Drugs 530
    Chapter 48 - Antianxiety and Antiinsomnia Agents 538
    Therapeutic Overview 539
    Mechanism of Action 541
    Treatment Principles of Antianxiety Agents 542
    Treatment Principles of Antiinsomnia Agents 543
    Treatment Principles of Benzodiazepines 544
    Specific Drugs 545
    Chapter 49 - Antipsychotics 551
    Therapeutic Overview 552
    Mechanism of Action 554
    Treatment Principles 556
    Specific Drugs 558
    Chapter 50 - Substance Abuse 565
    Therapeutic Overview 565
    Mechanism of Action and Effects of Alcohol Treatment 566
    Treatment Principles 567
    Specific Drugs 569
    UNIT 12 -\rEndocrine Agents 573
    Chapter 51 - Glucocorticoids\r 573
    Therapeutic Overview 573
    Mechanism of Action 574
    Treatment Principles 575
    Specific Drugs 577
    Chapter 52 - Thyroid Medications 580
    Thyroid Supplements 580
    Therapeutic Overview 580
    Mechanism of Action 581
    Treatment Principles 582
    Specific Drugs 583
    Thyroid Suppressants 584
    Therapeutic Overview 585
    Mechanism of Action 585
    Treatment Principles 585
    Specific Drugs 587
    Adjunctive (Diagnostic Tool for Thyroid Cancer) 588
    Specific Drugs 588
    Chapter 53 - Diabetes Mellitus Agents 589
    Therapeutic Overview 590
    Mechanism of Action 592
    Treatment Principles 594
    Specific Drugs 599
    UNIT 13 -\rReproductive System Medications 605
    Chapter 54 - Contraceptives\r 605
    Therapeutic Overview 609
    Mechanism of Action 612
    Treatment Principles 617
    Specific Drugs 624
    Chapter 55 - Hormone Replacement Therapy 628
    Hormone Replacement Therapy for Women 629
    Therapeutic Overview of Hormone Therapy 630
    Mechanism of Action 632
    Treatment Principles 633
    Specific Drugs 636
    Male Reproductive Hormone Replacement\r 642
    Therapeutic Overview of Hypogonadism 642
    Mechanism of Action 643
    Treatment Principles 643
    Specific Drugs 644
    Chapter 56 - Drugs for Breast Cancer 646
    Therapeutic Overview 646
    Mechanism of Action 647
    Treatment Principles 647
    Specific Drugs 648
    UNIT 14 -\rAntiinfectives 651
    Chapter 57 - Principles for Prescribing Antiinfectives\r 651
    Therapeutic Overview 651
    Mechanism of Action 655
    Treatment Principles 655
    Chapter 58 - Treatment of Specific Infections and Miscellaneous Antibiotics 658
    Specific Drugs 667
    Chapter 59 - Penicillins 670
    Therapeutic Overview 672
    Mechanism of Action 672
    Treatment Principles 673
    Specific Drugs 674
    Chapter 60 - Cephalosporins 677
    Therapeutic Overview 678
    Mechanism of Action 678
    Treatment Principles 678
    Specific Drugs 681
    Chapter 61 - Tetracyclines 683
    Therapeutic Overview 683
    Mechanism of Action 683
    Treatment Principles 684
    Specific Drugs 685
    Chapter 62 - Macrolides 687
    Allergy 687
    Resistance 687
    Mechanism of Action 688
    Treatment Principles 688
    Specific Drugs 689
    Chapter 63 - Fluoroquinolones 692
    Therapeutic Overview 692
    Mechanism of Action 693
    Treatment Principles 693
    Specific Drugs 695
    Chapter 64 - Aminoglycosides 697
    Therapeutic Overview 698
    Mechanism of Action 698
    Treatment Principles 698
    Specific Drugs 699
    Chapter 65 - Sulfonamides 701
    Therapeutic Overview 701
    Mechanism of Action 702
    Treatment Principles 702
    Specific Drugs 703
    Chapter 66 - Antitubercular Agents 705
    Therapeutic Overview 705
    Mechanism of Action 708
    Treatment Principles 708
    Specific Drugs 710
    Chapter 67 - Antifungals 716
    Therapeutic Overview 717
    Mechanism of Action 718
    Treatment Principles 718
    Specific Drugs 720
    Chapter 68 - Antiretroviral Medications 725
    Therapeutic Overview of HIV and Retroviruses 726
    Mechanism of Action 727
    Treatment Principles 730
    Specific Drugs 734
    Chapter 69 - Antivirals and Antiprotozoal Agents 739
    Therapeutic Overview of Viruses and Protozoa 739
    Mechanism of Action 740
    Treatment Principles 741
    Specific Drugs 743
    UNIT 15 -\rHealth Promotion 749
    Chapter 70 - The Immune System and Immunizations 749
    Therapeutic Overview 750
    Mechanism of Action 753
    Therapeutic Overview 753
    Treatment Principles 754
    Specific Vaccines 758
    Chapter 71 - Weight Management 771
    Therapeutic Overview 771
    Mechanism of Action 774
    Treatment Principles 774
    Specific Drugs 778
    Chapter 72 - Smoking Cessation 779
    Therapeutic Overview 779
    Mechanism of Action 780
    Treatment Principles 780
    Specific Drugs 791
    Chapter 73 - Vitamins and Minerals 793
    Vitamins 801
    Minerals 802
    Reading and References 817
    Index 839
    Drug Scheduling and FDA\rPregnancy Categories IBC1
    Top 100 Generic and Brand-Name Drugs by Units in 2012 IBC2