BOOK
Clinical Nursing Skills and Techniques - E-Book
Anne Griffin Perry | Patricia A. Potter | Wendy Ostendorf
(2013)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Known for its clear, comprehensive coverage of over 200 evidence-based skills, Clinical Nursing Skills & Techniques is today’s leading nursing skills reference. It features nearly 1,000 full-color photographs and drawings, a nursing process framework, step-by-step instructions with rationales, and a focus on critical thinking and evidence-based practice. This edition includes new coverage of patient-centered care and safety guidelines, an emphasis on QSEN core competencies, and links to valuable online resources. Written by the trusted author team of Anne Griffin Perry and Patricia A. Potter, and now joined by new author Wendy Ostendorf, this reference helps you perform nursing skills with confidence.
- Coverage of QSEN core competencies includes delegation and collaboration, guidelines for reporting and recording, and pediatric, geriatric, home care, and teaching considerations.
- Unique! Using Evidence in Nursing Practice chapter covers the entire process of conducting research, including collecting, evaluating, and applying evidence from published research.
- Comprehensive coverage includes 212 basic, intermediate, and advanced nursing skills.
- Clinical Decision Points within skills address key safety issues or possible skill modifications for specific patient needs.
- Icons indicate video clips related to skills and procedures in the book and related lessons in Nursing Skills Online.
- Rationales for each skill step explain why steps are performed in a specific way, including their clinical significance and benefit, and incorporate the latest research findings.
- The five-step nursing process provides a framework for the description of skills within overall client care.
- Unique! Unexpected outcomes and related interventions alert you to what might go wrong and how to appropriately intervene.
- Online checklists and video clips may be downloaded to mobile devices.
- NEW Patient-Centered Care sections address issues unique to people of specific cultural, ethnic, and demographic backgrounds — a QSEN core competency.
- NEW Safety Guidelines sections cover the global recommendations on the safe execution of skill sets — also a QSEN core competency.
- UPDATED Adverse Event Reporting (AER) procedural guideline covers the correct response to Serious Event Reporting within the healthcare facility.
- NEW! Safe Transfer to a Wheel Chair procedural guideline focuses on the safety aspect of this common maneuver.
- NEW! Communicating with the Cognitively Impaired Patient skill provides the understanding and protocol for dealing with patients who are unable to communicate in a typical manner.
- NEW! Assessing the Genitalia and Rectum skill includes complete information and rationales.
- NEW! Caring for Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) and C. difficili skill covers this growing challenge to patient welfare and to healthcare providers.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| IFC_Evolve page | IFC2 | ||
| Brief Table of contents | i | ||
| Clinical Nursing Skills and Techniques, 8/e | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| About the Authors | vi | ||
| Anne Griffin Perry, RN, MSN, EdD, FAAN | vi | ||
| Patricia A. Potter, RN, MSN, PhD, FAAN | vi | ||
| Wendy R. Ostendorf, RN, MS, EdD, CNE | vi | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Contributors to Previous Editions | viii | ||
| Reviewers | ix | ||
| Preface to the Student | xii | ||
| Preface to the Instructor | xiv | ||
| Classic Features | xiv | ||
| New to This Edition: | xiv | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| Unit I Supporting the Patient Through the Health Care System | 1 | ||
| 1 Using Evidence in Nursing Practice | 1 | ||
| Outline | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Media Resources | 1 | ||
| A Case for Evidence | 2 | ||
| Steps of Evidence-Based Practice | 2 | ||
| Ask the Clinical Question | 2 | ||
| Search for the Best Evidence | 3 | ||
| Critique the Evidence | 6 | ||
| Apply the Evidence | 8 | ||
| Evaluate the Practice Decision or Change | 8 | ||
| Communicating a Practice Change | 9 | ||
| Impact of Evidence-Based Practice on Nursing | 9 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 9 | ||
| Review Questions | 9 | ||
| References | 10 | ||
| 2 Admitting, Transfer, and Discharge | 11 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 11 | ||
| Objectives | 11 | ||
| Key Terms | 11 | ||
| Media Resources | 11 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 11 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 12 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 12 | ||
| Skill 2-1 Admitting Patients | 12 | ||
| Role of the Admission Personnel | 12 | ||
| Role of the Nurse | 14 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 15 | ||
| Equipment | 15 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 18 | ||
| Special Considerations | 18 | ||
| Teaching | 18 | ||
| Pediatric | 18 | ||
| Gerontologic | 18 | ||
| Skill 2-2 Transferring Patients | 19 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 19 | ||
| Equipment | 19 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 21 | ||
| Special Considerations | 21 | ||
| Teaching | 21 | ||
| Pediatric | 21 | ||
| Gerontologic | 21 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 21 | ||
| Skill 2-3 Discharging Patients | 22 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 22 | ||
| Equipment | 22 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 26 | ||
| Special Considerations | 26 | ||
| Teaching | 26 | ||
| Pediatric | 26 | ||
| Gerontologic | 26 | ||
| Home Care | 26 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 26 | ||
| Review Questions | 26 | ||
| References | 27 | ||
| 3 Communication | 28 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 28 | ||
| Objectives | 28 | ||
| Key Terms | 28 | ||
| Media Resources | 28 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 29 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 29 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 30 | ||
| Skill 3-1 Establishing the Nurse-Patient Relationship | 30 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 32 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 36 | ||
| Special Considerations | 36 | ||
| Teaching | 36 | ||
| Pediatric | 36 | ||
| Gerontologic | 36 | ||
| Home Care | 36 | ||
| Skill 3-2 Communicating with an Anxious Patient | 36 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 36 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 38 | ||
| Special Considerations | 38 | ||
| Teaching | 38 | ||
| Pediatric | 38 | ||
| Gerontologic | 38 | ||
| Home Care | 38 | ||
| Skill 3-3 Communicating with an Angry Patient | 38 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 39 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 40 | ||
| Special Considerations | 40 | ||
| Teaching | 40 | ||
| Pediatric | 41 | ||
| Gerontologic | 41 | ||
| Home Care | 41 | ||
| Skill 3-4 Communicating with a Depressed Patient | 41 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 41 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 43 | ||
| Special Considerations | 43 | ||
| Teaching | 43 | ||
| Pediatric | 43 | ||
| Gerontologic | 43 | ||
| Home Care | 43 | ||
| Skill 3-5 Communicating with a Cognitively Impaired Patient | 43 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 44 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 45 | ||
| Special Considerations | 45 | ||
| Teaching | 45 | ||
| Pediatric | 45 | ||
| Gerontologic | 45 | ||
| Home Care | 45 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 45 | ||
| Review Questions | 46 | ||
| References | 46 | ||
| 4 Documentation and Informatics | 47 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 47 | ||
| Objectives | 47 | ||
| Key Terms | 47 | ||
| Media Resources | 47 | ||
| Electronic Health Records | 48 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 48 | ||
| Confidentiality | 49 | ||
| Standards | 49 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 49 | ||
| Multidisciplinary Communication Within the Health Care Team | 49 | ||
| Guidelines for Quality Documentation and Reporting | 50 | ||
| Factual | 50 | ||
| Accurate | 50 | ||
| Complete | 52 | ||
| Current | 52 | ||
| Organized | 53 | ||
| Common Record-Keeping Forms or Screens | 53 | ||
| Admission Nursing History Forms | 53 | ||
| Flow Sheets and Graphic Records | 53 | ||
| Patient Education Record | 54 | ||
| Patient Care Summary or Kardex | 54 | ||
| Acuity Records | 54 | ||
| Standardized Care Plans | 54 | ||
| Discharge Summaries | 54 | ||
| Charting Systems | 55 | ||
| Narrative Documentation | 55 | ||
| Problem-Oriented Medical Records | 55 | ||
| Patient Database | 55 | ||
| Problem List | 55 | ||
| Nursing Care Plan | 55 | ||
| Progress Notes | 55 | ||
| SBAR Documentation. | 55 | ||
| SOAP Documentation. | 56 | ||
| PIE Documentation. | 57 | ||
| Focus Charting. | 57 | ||
| Source Records | 57 | ||
| Charting by Exception | 57 | ||
| Case Management Plan and Critical Pathways | 57 | ||
| Standardized Language | 57 | ||
| Home Care Documentation | 59 | ||
| Long-Term Health Care Documentation | 60 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 4-1 Giving a Hand-Off Report | 60 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 60 | ||
| Equipment | 60 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 60 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 4-2 Documenting Nurses’ Progress Notes | 61 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 61 | ||
| Equipment | 61 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 61 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 4-3 Adverse Event/Incident Reporting | 62 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 62 | ||
| Equipment | 62 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 62 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 63 | ||
| Review Questions | 63 | ||
| References | 64 | ||
| Unit II Vital Signs and Physical Assessment | 65 | ||
| 5 Vital Signs | 65 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 65 | ||
| Objectives | 65 | ||
| Key Terms | 65 | ||
| Media Resources | 65 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 66 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 66 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 66 | ||
| Skill 5-1 Measuring Body Temperature | 67 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 68 | ||
| Equipment | 69 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 76 | ||
| Special Considerations | 76 | ||
| Teaching | 76 | ||
| Pediatric | 76 | ||
| Gerontologic | 76 | ||
| Home Care | 77 | ||
| Skill 5-2 Assessing Radial Pulse | 77 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 77 | ||
| Equipment | 78 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 80 | ||
| Special Considerations | 80 | ||
| Teaching | 80 | ||
| Pediatric | 80 | ||
| Gerontologic | 80 | ||
| Home Care | 80 | ||
| Skill 5-3 Assessing Apical Pulse | 81 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 81 | ||
| Equipment | 81 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 85 | ||
| Special Considerations | 85 | ||
| Teaching | 85 | ||
| Pediatric | 85 | ||
| Gerontologic | 85 | ||
| Home Care | 85 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 5-1 Assessing Apical-Radial Pulse Deficit | 85 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 85 | ||
| Equipment | 85 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 86 | ||
| Skill 5-4 Assessing Respirations | 86 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 86 | ||
| Equipment | 86 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 90 | ||
| Special Considerations | 90 | ||
| Teaching | 90 | ||
| Pediatric | 90 | ||
| Gerontologic | 90 | ||
| Home Care | 90 | ||
| Skill 5-5 Assessing Arterial Blood Pressure | 90 | ||
| Hypertension | 90 | ||
| Hypotension | 91 | ||
| Blood Pressure Equipment | 91 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 92 | ||
| Equipment | 92 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 98 | ||
| Special Considerations | 98 | ||
| Teaching | 98 | ||
| Pediatric | 98 | ||
| Gerontologic | 99 | ||
| Home Care | 99 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 5-2 Assessing Blood Pressure Electronically | 99 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 99 | ||
| Equipment | 99 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 99 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 5-3 Measuring Oxygen Saturation (Pulse Oximetry) | 101 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 101 | ||
| Equipment | 101 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 101 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 102 | ||
| Review Questions | 102 | ||
| References | 103 | ||
| 6 Health Assessment | 104 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 104 | ||
| Objectives | 104 | ||
| Key Terms | 104 | ||
| Media Resources | 104 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 105 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 105 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 108 | ||
| Assessment Techniques | 108 | ||
| Preparation for Assessment | 111 | ||
| Preparing the Patient | 111 | ||
| Physical Assessment of Various Age-Groups | 112 | ||
| Children and Adolescents | 112 | ||
| Older Adults | 112 | ||
| Skill 6-1 General Survey | 112 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 113 | ||
| Equipment | 113 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 119 | ||
| Special Considerations | 119 | ||
| Teaching | 119 | ||
| Pediatric | 120 | ||
| Gerontologic | 120 | ||
| Home Care | 120 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 120 | ||
| Skill 6-2 Head and Neck Assessment | 120 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 120 | ||
| Equipment | 120 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 124 | ||
| Special Considerations | 124 | ||
| Teaching | 124 | ||
| Pediatric | 125 | ||
| Gerontologic | 125 | ||
| Skill 6-3 Thorax and Lung Assessment | 125 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 127 | ||
| Equipment | 127 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 131 | ||
| Special Considerations | 131 | ||
| Teaching | 131 | ||
| Pediatric | 131 | ||
| Gerontologic | 131 | ||
| Skill 6-4 Cardiovascular Assessment | 132 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 132 | ||
| Equipment | 132 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 143 | ||
| Special Considerations | 143 | ||
| Teaching | 143 | ||
| Pediatric | 143 | ||
| Gerontologic | 143 | ||
| Skill 6-5 Abdominal Assessment | 143 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 144 | ||
| Equipment | 144 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 150 | ||
| Special Considerations | 150 | ||
| Teaching | 150 | ||
| Pediatric | 150 | ||
| Gerontologic | 151 | ||
| Skill 6-6 Genitalia and Rectum Assessment | 151 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 151 | ||
| Equipment | 151 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 154 | ||
| Special Considerations | 154 | ||
| Teaching | 154 | ||
| Female Health Teaching | 154 | ||
| Male Health Teaching | 154 | ||
| Pediatric | 154 | ||
| Skill 6-7 Musculoskeletal and Neurologic Assessment | 154 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 154 | ||
| Equipment | 154 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 161 | ||
| Special Considerations | 161 | ||
| Teaching | 161 | ||
| Pediatric | 161 | ||
| Gerontologic | 161 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 6-1 Monitoring Intake and Output | 161 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 162 | ||
| Equipment | 162 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 162 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 164 | ||
| Review Questions | 164 | ||
| References | 164 | ||
| Unit III Infection Control | 166 | ||
| 7 Medical Asepsis | 166 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 166 | ||
| Objectives | 166 | ||
| Key Terms | 166 | ||
| Media Resources | 166 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 168 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 168 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 168 | ||
| Skill 7-1 Hand Hygiene | 168 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 169 | ||
| Equipment | 169 | ||
| Special Considerations | 172 | ||
| Teaching Considerations | 172 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 172 | ||
| Home Care | 172 | ||
| Skill 7-2 Caring for Patients Under Isolation Precautions | 172 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 174 | ||
| Equipment | 174 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 178 | ||
| Special Considerations | 178 | ||
| Teaching Considerations | 178 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations | 178 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 178 | ||
| Home Care Considerations | 178 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 7-1 Caring for Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO) and Clostridium difficile | 178 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 178 | ||
| Equipment | 179 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 179 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 179 | ||
| Review Questions | 179 | ||
| References | 180 | ||
| 8 Sterile Technique | 181 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 181 | ||
| Objectives | 181 | ||
| Key Terms | 181 | ||
| Media Resources | 181 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 182 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 182 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 182 | ||
| Skill 8-1 Applying and Removing Cap, Mask, and Protective Eyewear | 183 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 183 | ||
| Equipment | 183 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 185 | ||
| Special Considerations | 185 | ||
| Home Care | 185 | ||
| Skill 8-2 Preparing a Sterile Field | 186 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 186 | ||
| Equipment | 186 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 191 | ||
| Special Considerations | 191 | ||
| Home Care | 191 | ||
| Skill 8-3 Sterile Gloving | 191 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 191 | ||
| Equipment | 191 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 195 | ||
| Special Considerations | 195 | ||
| Teaching | 195 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 195 | ||
| Review Questions | 195 | ||
| References | 196 | ||
| Unit IV Activity and Mobility | 197 | ||
| 9 Safe Patient Handling, Transfer, and Positioning | 197 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 197 | ||
| Objectives | 197 | ||
| Key Terms | 197 | ||
| Media Resources | 197 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 198 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 198 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 198 | ||
| Skill 9-1 Using Safe and Effective Transfer Techniques | 199 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 199 | ||
| Equipment | 199 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 209 | ||
| Special Considerations | 209 | ||
| Teaching | 209 | ||
| Pediatric | 209 | ||
| Gerontologic | 209 | ||
| Home Care | 209 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 9-1 Wheelchair Transfer Techniques | 209 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 209 | ||
| Equipment | 209 | ||
| Skill 9-2 Moving and Positioning Patients in Bed | 210 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 210 | ||
| Equipment | 210 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 218 | ||
| Special Considerations | 218 | ||
| Teaching | 218 | ||
| Pediatric | 218 | ||
| Gerontologic | 218 | ||
| Home Care | 218 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 218 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 218 | ||
| Review Questions | 218 | ||
| References | 219 | ||
| 10 Exercise and Ambulation | 220 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 220 | ||
| Objectives | 220 | ||
| Key Terms | 220 | ||
| Media Resources | 220 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 221 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 221 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 221 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 10-1 Performing Range-of-Motion Exercises | 222 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 222 | ||
| Equipment | 222 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 222 | ||
| Skill 10-1 Performing Isometric Exercises | 227 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 227 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 231 | ||
| Special Considerations | 231 | ||
| Teaching | 231 | ||
| Pediatric | 231 | ||
| Gerontologic | 231 | ||
| Skill 10-2 Continuous Passive Motion Machine | 231 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 231 | ||
| Equipment | 231 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 233 | ||
| Special Considerations | 233 | ||
| Teaching | 233 | ||
| Pediatric | 234 | ||
| Gerontologic | 234 | ||
| Home Care | 234 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 10-2 Applying Elastic Stockings and Sequential Compression Device | 234 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 234 | ||
| Equipment | 234 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 234 | ||
| Skill 10-3 Assisting with Ambulation and Use of Canes, Crutches, and Walker | 236 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 237 | ||
| Equipment | 237 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 246 | ||
| Special Considerations | 246 | ||
| Teaching | 246 | ||
| Pediatric | 246 | ||
| Gerontologic | 246 | ||
| Home Care | 246 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 246 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 247 | ||
| Review Questions | 247 | ||
| References | 247 | ||
| 11 Orthopedic Measures | 249 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 249 | ||
| Objectives | 249 | ||
| Key Terms | 249 | ||
| Media Resources | 249 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 250 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 250 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 251 | ||
| Skill 11-1 Assisting with Cast Application | 251 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 251 | ||
| Equipment (may be on cast cart) (Fig. 11-2) | 251 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 252 | ||
| Special Considerations | 256 | ||
| Teaching | 256 | ||
| Pediatric | 256 | ||
| Gerontologic | 257 | ||
| Home Care | 257 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 11-1 Care of a Patient During Cast Removal | 257 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 257 | ||
| Equipment | 257 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 257 | ||
| Skill 11-2 Care of a Patient in Skin Traction | 258 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 260 | ||
| Equipment | 260 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 262 | ||
| Special Considerations | 262 | ||
| Teaching | 262 | ||
| Pediatric | 262 | ||
| Gerontologic | 262 | ||
| Home Care | 262 | ||
| Skill 11-3 Care of a Patient in Skeletal Traction and Pin Site Care | 263 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 264 | ||
| Equipment | 264 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 267 | ||
| Special Considerations | 267 | ||
| Teaching | 267 | ||
| Pediatric | 267 | ||
| Gerontologic | 267 | ||
| Home Care | 267 | ||
| Skill 11-4 Care of a Patient with an Immobilization Device | 268 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 268 | ||
| Equipment | 269 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 271 | ||
| Special Considerations | 271 | ||
| Teaching | 271 | ||
| Pediatric | 271 | ||
| Geriatric | 271 | ||
| Home Care | 271 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 271 | ||
| Review Questions | 272 | ||
| References | 272 | ||
| 12 Support Surfaces and Special Beds | 273 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 273 | ||
| Objectives | 273 | ||
| Key Terms | 273 | ||
| Media Resources | 273 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 274 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 274 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 274 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 12-1 Selection of Pressure-Reducing Support Surfaces | 276 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 276 | ||
| Equipment | 276 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 276 | ||
| Skill 12-1 Placing a Patient on a Support Surface | 278 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 280 | ||
| Equipment | 280 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 282 | ||
| Special Considerations | 282 | ||
| Teaching | 282 | ||
| Pediatric | 283 | ||
| Gerontologic | 283 | ||
| Home Care | 283 | ||
| Skill 12-2 Placing a Patient on an Air-Suspension or Air-Fluidized Bed | 283 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 284 | ||
| Equipment | 284 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 286 | ||
| Special Considerations | 286 | ||
| Teaching | 286 | ||
| Pediatric | 286 | ||
| Gerontologic | 287 | ||
| Home Care | 287 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 287 | ||
| Skill 12-3 Placing a Patient on a Bariatric Bed | 287 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 287 | ||
| Equipment | 287 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 289 | ||
| Special Considerations | 289 | ||
| Teaching | 289 | ||
| Skill 12-4 Placing a Patient on a Rotokinetic Bed | 289 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 289 | ||
| Equipment | 289 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 292 | ||
| Special Considerations | 292 | ||
| Teaching | 292 | ||
| Pediatric | 292 | ||
| Gerontologic | 292 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 293 | ||
| Review Questions | 293 | ||
| References | 294 | ||
| Unit V Safety and Comfort | 295 | ||
| 13 Safety and Quality Improvement | 295 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 295 | ||
| Objectives | 295 | ||
| Key Terms | 295 | ||
| Media Resources | 295 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 296 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 296 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 296 | ||
| Skill 13-1 Fall Prevention in a Health Care Agency | 297 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 298 | ||
| Equipment | 298 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 303 | ||
| Special Considerations | 303 | ||
| Teaching | 303 | ||
| Pediatric | 303 | ||
| Gerontologic | 303 | ||
| Home Care | 303 | ||
| Skill 13-2 Designing a Restraint-Free Environment | 304 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 304 | ||
| Equipment | 304 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 307 | ||
| Special Considerations | 307 | ||
| Teaching | 307 | ||
| Gerontologic | 307 | ||
| Home Care | 307 | ||
| Skill 13-3 Applying Physical Restraints | 307 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 308 | ||
| Equipment | 308 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 312 | ||
| Special Considerations | 312 | ||
| Teaching | 312 | ||
| Pediatric | 312 | ||
| Gerontologic | 312 | ||
| Home Care | 312 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 13-1 Fire, Electrical, and Chemical Safety | 312 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 313 | ||
| Equipment | 313 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 313 | ||
| Skill 13-4 Seizure Precautions | 315 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 315 | ||
| Equipment | 315 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 318 | ||
| Special Considerations | 318 | ||
| Teaching | 318 | ||
| Pediatric | 318 | ||
| Gerontologic | 318 | ||
| Home Care | 318 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 13-2 Conducting a Root Cause Analysis | 319 | ||
| Delegation | 319 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 319 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 320 | ||
| Review Questions | 320 | ||
| References | 320 | ||
| 14 Disaster Preparedness | 322 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 322 | ||
| Objectives | 322 | ||
| Key Terms | 322 | ||
| Media Resources | 322 | ||
| Disaster Defined | 323 | ||
| Homeland Security | 323 | ||
| Terrorism Preparedness | 324 | ||
| Disaster Preparedness | 324 | ||
| The D-I-S-A-S-T-E-R Paradigm | 324 | ||
| Detection | 324 | ||
| Incident Command | 325 | ||
| Scene Security and Safety | 325 | ||
| Assessment | 327 | ||
| Support | 327 | ||
| Triage, Treat, and Evacuate | 328 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 328 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 329 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 330 | ||
| Skill 14-1 Care of a Patient After Biologic Exposure | 330 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 330 | ||
| Equipment | 330 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 334 | ||
| Special Considerations | 334 | ||
| Teaching | 334 | ||
| Pediatric | 335 | ||
| Gerontologic | 335 | ||
| Home Care | 335 | ||
| Skill 14-2 Care of a Patient After Chemical Exposure | 336 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 337 | ||
| Equipment | 337 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 340 | ||
| Special Considerations | 340 | ||
| Teaching | 340 | ||
| Pediatric | 340 | ||
| Gerontologic | 340 | ||
| Home Care | 340 | ||
| Skill 14-3 Care of a Patient After Radiation Exposure | 340 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 340 | ||
| Equipment | 340 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 343 | ||
| Special Considerations | 343 | ||
| Teaching | 343 | ||
| Pediatric | 343 | ||
| Gerontologic | 343 | ||
| Home Care | 343 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 343 | ||
| Review Questions | 343 | ||
| References | 344 | ||
| 15 Pain Assessment and Basic Comfort Measures | 345 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 345 | ||
| Objectives | 345 | ||
| Key Terms | 345 | ||
| Media Resources | 345 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 347 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 347 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 348 | ||
| Skill 15-1 Providing Pain Relief | 348 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 348 | ||
| Equipment | 348 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 353 | ||
| Special Considerations | 353 | ||
| Teaching | 353 | ||
| Pediatric | 353 | ||
| Gerontologic | 353 | ||
| Home Care | 353 | ||
| Skill 15-2 Patient-Controlled Analgesia | 353 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 353 | ||
| Equipment | 354 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 357 | ||
| Teaching Considerations | 357 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations | 357 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 357 | ||
| Skill 15-3 Epidural Analgesia | 358 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 358 | ||
| Equipment | 359 | ||
| Reporting and Recording | 362 | ||
| Teaching Considerations | 363 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations | 363 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 363 | ||
| Home Care Considerations | 363 | ||
| Skill 15-4 Local Anesthetic Infusion Pump for Analgesia | 363 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 363 | ||
| Equipment | 364 | ||
| Reporting and Recording | 365 | ||
| Teaching Considerations | 365 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations | 366 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 366 | ||
| Home Care Considerations | 366 | ||
| Skill 15-5 Nonpharmacologic Pain Management | 366 | ||
| Cutaneous Stimulation | 366 | ||
| Massage | 366 | ||
| Heat and Cold | 367 | ||
| Relaxation | 367 | ||
| Guided Imagery | 367 | ||
| Distraction | 367 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 367 | ||
| Equipment | 367 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 372 | ||
| Teaching Considerations | 372 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations | 372 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 372 | ||
| Home Care Considerations | 372 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 373 | ||
| Review Questions | 373 | ||
| References | 373 | ||
| 16 Palliative Care | 375 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 375 | ||
| Objectives | 375 | ||
| Key Terms | 375 | ||
| Media Resources | 375 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 376 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 376 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 377 | ||
| Skill 16-1 Supporting Patients and Families in Grief | 378 | ||
| Grief | 378 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 378 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 380 | ||
| Special Considerations | 380 | ||
| Teaching | 380 | ||
| Pediatric | 380 | ||
| Gerontologic | 380 | ||
| Skill 16-2 Symptom Management at the End of Life | 380 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 380 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 384 | ||
| Special Considerations | 384 | ||
| Teaching | 384 | ||
| Pediatric | 384 | ||
| Gerontologic | 384 | ||
| Home Care | 384 | ||
| Skill 16-3 Care of a Body After Death | 385 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 385 | ||
| Equipment | 385 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 388 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations | 388 | ||
| Gerontologic Considerations | 389 | ||
| Home Care Considerations | 389 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 389 | ||
| Review Questions | 389 | ||
| References | 390 | ||
| Unit VI Hygiene | 391 | ||
| 17 Personal Hygiene and Bed Making | 391 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 391 | ||
| Objectives | 391 | ||
| Key Terms | 391 | ||
| Media Resources | 391 | ||
| The Skin | 392 | ||
| The Mouth | 392 | ||
| The Hair | 392 | ||
| The Nails | 394 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 394 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 394 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 394 | ||
| Skill 17-1 Bathing a Patient | 395 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 396 | ||
| Equipment | 396 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 402 | ||
| Special Considerations | 402 | ||
| Teaching | 402 | ||
| Pediatric | 402 | ||
| Gerontologic | 402 | ||
| Home Care | 403 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 403 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 17-1 Perineal Care | 403 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 403 | ||
| Equipment | 403 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 403 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 17-2 Use of Disposable Bed Bath, Tub, or Shower | 404 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 404 | ||
| Equipment | 404 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 404 | ||
| Skill 17-2 Oral Hygiene | 405 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 405 | ||
| Equipment | 405 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 409 | ||
| Special Considerations | 409 | ||
| Teaching | 409 | ||
| Pediatric | 409 | ||
| Gerontologic | 409 | ||
| Home Care | 410 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 17-3 Care of Dentures | 410 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 410 | ||
| Equipment | 410 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 410 | ||
| Skill 17-3 Performing Mouth Care for an Unconscious or Debilitated Patient | 411 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 411 | ||
| Equipment | 411 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 414 | ||
| Special Considerations | 414 | ||
| Teaching | 414 | ||
| Home Care | 414 | ||
| Skill 17-4 Hair Care–Combing and Shaving | 414 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 414 | ||
| Equipment | 414 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 418 | ||
| Special Considerations | 418 | ||
| Teaching | 418 | ||
| Pediatric | 418 | ||
| Gerontologic | 418 | ||
| Home Care | 418 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 17-4 Hair Care–Shampooing | 418 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 418 | ||
| Equipment | 419 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 419 | ||
| Skill 17-5 Performing Nail and Foot Care | 420 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 420 | ||
| Equipment | 420 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 424 | ||
| Special Considerations | 424 | ||
| Teaching | 424 | ||
| Pediatric | 425 | ||
| Gerontologic | 425 | ||
| Home Care | 425 | ||
| Skill 17-6 Care of a Patient’s Environment | 425 | ||
| Beds | 425 | ||
| Mattresses | 426 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 17-5 Making an Occupied Bed | 428 | ||
| Delegation Considerations | 428 | ||
| Equipment | 428 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 428 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 17-6 Making an Unoccupied Bed | 430 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 430 | ||
| Equipment | 430 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 430 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 431 | ||
| Review Questions | 431 | ||
| References | 432 | ||
| 18 Pressure Ulcer Care | 433 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 433 | ||
| Objectives | 433 | ||
| Key Terms | 433 | ||
| Media Resources | 433 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 434 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 436 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 437 | ||
| Skill 18-1 Risk Assessment, Skin Assessment, and Prevention Strategies | 437 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 437 | ||
| Equipment | 439 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 443 | ||
| Special Considerations | 443 | ||
| Teaching | 443 | ||
| Pediatric | 443 | ||
| Gerontologic | 443 | ||
| Home Care | 443 | ||
| Skill 18-2 Treatment of Pressure Ulcers | 444 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 444 | ||
| Equipment | 444 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 450 | ||
| Special Considerations | 450 | ||
| Teaching | 450 | ||
| Gerontologic | 450 | ||
| Home Care | 450 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 450 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 451 | ||
| Review Questions | 451 | ||
| References | 452 | ||
| 19 Care of the Eye and Ear | 453 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 453 | ||
| Objectives | 453 | ||
| Key Terms | 453 | ||
| Media Resources | 453 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 453 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 454 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 454 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 19-1 Eye Care for Comatose Patients | 455 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 455 | ||
| Equipment | 455 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 455 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 19-2 Taking Care of Contact Lenses | 455 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 456 | ||
| Equipment | 456 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 456 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 19-3 Taking Care of an Artificial Eye | 458 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 458 | ||
| Equipment | 458 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 458 | ||
| Skill 19-1 Eye Irrigation | 460 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 460 | ||
| Equipment | 460 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 462 | ||
| Special Considerations | 462 | ||
| Teaching | 462 | ||
| Pediatric | 462 | ||
| Skill 19-2 Ear Irrigation | 463 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 463 | ||
| Equipment | 463 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 465 | ||
| Special Considerations | 465 | ||
| Teaching | 465 | ||
| Pediatric | 466 | ||
| Home Care | 466 | ||
| Skill 19-3 Care of Hearing Aids | 466 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 466 | ||
| Equipment | 466 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 469 | ||
| Special Considerations | 469 | ||
| Teaching | 469 | ||
| Pediatric | 469 | ||
| Gerontologic | 469 | ||
| Home Care | 470 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 470 | ||
| Review Questions | 470 | ||
| References | 471 | ||
| Unit VII Medications | 472 | ||
| 20 Safe Medication Preparation | 472 | ||
| Outline | 472 | ||
| Objectives | 472 | ||
| Key Terms | 472 | ||
| Media Resources | 472 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 473 | ||
| Pharmacologic Concepts | 473 | ||
| Medication Names | 473 | ||
| Classification | 474 | ||
| Medication Forms | 474 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 474 | ||
| Types of Medication Action | 474 | ||
| Therapeutic Effects | 474 | ||
| Side Effects/Adverse Effects | 475 | ||
| Toxic Effects | 476 | ||
| Idiosyncratic Reactions | 476 | ||
| Allergic Reactions | 476 | ||
| Medication Tolerance and Dependence | 476 | ||
| Medication Interactions | 477 | ||
| Medication Dose Responses | 477 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 477 | ||
| Medication Distribution | 477 | ||
| Computerized Provider Order Entry | 477 | ||
| Distribution Systems | 478 | ||
| Unit Dose | 478 | ||
| Automated Medication Dispensing System | 478 | ||
| Bar Coding | 478 | ||
| Systems of Medication Measurement | 478 | ||
| Metric System | 480 | ||
| Household Measurement | 480 | ||
| Solutions | 480 | ||
| Safe Medication Administration | 480 | ||
| Right Medication | 480 | ||
| Medication Orders | 481 | ||
| Right Dose | 481 | ||
| Right Patient | 483 | ||
| Right Route | 484 | ||
| Right Time | 484 | ||
| Right Documentation | 485 | ||
| Medication Preparation | 485 | ||
| Interpreting Medication Labels | 485 | ||
| Clinical Calculation | 485 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 485 | ||
| Conversions Within One System | 486 | ||
| Conversion Between Systems | 486 | ||
| Dosage Calculations | 486 | ||
| Pediatric Doses | 487 | ||
| Older Adult Dosages | 487 | ||
| Nursing Process | 488 | ||
| Assessment | 488 | ||
| Planning | 488 | ||
| Implementation | 488 | ||
| Pre-administration Activities | 488 | ||
| Medication Administration | 488 | ||
| Post-administration Activities | 488 | ||
| Evaluation | 489 | ||
| Special Handling of Controlled Substances | 489 | ||
| Reporting Medication Errors | 489 | ||
| Patient and Family Teaching | 489 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 490 | ||
| Review Questions | 490 | ||
| References | 491 | ||
| 21 Oral and Topical Medications | 492 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 492 | ||
| Objectives | 492 | ||
| Key Terms | 492 | ||
| Media Resources | 492 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 493 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 493 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 493 | ||
| Skill 21-1 Administering Oral Medications | 494 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 494 | ||
| Equipment | 494 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 500 | ||
| Special Considerations | 500 | ||
| Teaching | 500 | ||
| Pediatric | 500 | ||
| Gerontologic | 500 | ||
| Home Care | 500 | ||
| Skill 21-2 Administering Medications Through an Enteral Feeding Tube | 500 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 500 | ||
| Equipment | 500 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 504 | ||
| Special Considerations | 504 | ||
| Teaching | 504 | ||
| Pediatric | 505 | ||
| Skill 21-3 Applying Topical Medications to the Skin | 505 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 505 | ||
| Equipment | 505 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 509 | ||
| Special Considerations | 509 | ||
| Teaching | 509 | ||
| Gerontologic | 509 | ||
| Home Care | 509 | ||
| Skill 21-4 Instilling Eye and Ear Medications | 509 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 510 | ||
| Equipment | 510 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 515 | ||
| Special Considerations | 515 | ||
| Teaching | 515 | ||
| Pediatric | 515 | ||
| Gerontologic | 516 | ||
| Home Care | 516 | ||
| Skill 21-5 Administering Nasal Instillations | 516 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 516 | ||
| Equipment | 516 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 519 | ||
| Special Considerations | 519 | ||
| Teaching | 519 | ||
| Pediatric | 519 | ||
| Skill 21-6 Using Metered-Dose Inhalers | 520 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 520 | ||
| Equipment | 520 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 524 | ||
| Special Considerations | 524 | ||
| Teaching | 524 | ||
| Pediatric | 524 | ||
| Gerontologic | 524 | ||
| Home Care | 524 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 21-1 Using Dry Powder Inhaled Medications | 525 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 525 | ||
| Equipment | 525 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 525 | ||
| Skill 21-7 Using Small-Volume Nebulizers | 526 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 526 | ||
| Equipment | 526 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 529 | ||
| Special Considerations | 529 | ||
| Teaching | 529 | ||
| Pediatric | 529 | ||
| Gerontologic | 529 | ||
| Home Care | 529 | ||
| Skill 21-8 Administering Vaginal Instillations | 529 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 529 | ||
| Equipment | 529 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 533 | ||
| Special Considerations | 533 | ||
| Teaching | 533 | ||
| Gerontologic | 533 | ||
| Skill 21-9 Administering Rectal Suppositories | 533 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 533 | ||
| Equipment | 533 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 536 | ||
| Special Considerations | 536 | ||
| Teaching | 536 | ||
| Pediatric | 536 | ||
| Gerontologic | 536 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 536 | ||
| Review Questions | 536 | ||
| References | 537 | ||
| 22 Parenteral Medications | 538 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 538 | ||
| Objectives | 538 | ||
| Key Terms | 538 | ||
| Media Resources | 538 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 539 | ||
| Ventrogluteal | 539 | ||
| Vastus Lateralis | 539 | ||
| Deltoid | 539 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 539 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 539 | ||
| Needlestick Prevention | 540 | ||
| Equipment | 541 | ||
| Syringes | 541 | ||
| Needles | 542 | ||
| Disposable Injection Units | 543 | ||
| Skill 22-1 Preparing Injections: Ampules and Vials | 544 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 544 | ||
| Equipment | 544 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 22-1 Mixing Parenteral Medications in One Syringe | 549 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 549 | ||
| Equipment | 550 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 550 | ||
| Skill 22-2 Administering Intradermal Injections | 552 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 552 | ||
| Equipment | 552 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 555 | ||
| Special Considerations | 555 | ||
| Teaching | 555 | ||
| Pediatric | 555 | ||
| Gerontologic | 555 | ||
| Skill 22-3 Administering Subcutaneous Injections | 555 | ||
| Special Considerations for Administration of Insulin | 556 | ||
| Special Considerations for Administration of Heparin | 557 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 557 | ||
| Equipment | 557 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 561 | ||
| Special Considerations | 561 | ||
| Teaching | 561 | ||
| Pediatric | 562 | ||
| Gerontologic | 562 | ||
| Home Care | 562 | ||
| Skill 22-4 Administering Intramuscular Injections | 562 | ||
| Injection Sites | 562 | ||
| Ventrogluteal Site | 563 | ||
| Vastus Lateralis Muscle | 563 | ||
| Deltoid Muscle | 563 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 564 | ||
| Equipment | 564 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 567 | ||
| Special Considerations | 567 | ||
| Teaching | 567 | ||
| Pediatric | 567 | ||
| Gerontologic | 567 | ||
| Home Care | 568 | ||
| Skill 22-5 Administering Medications by Intravenous Bolus | 568 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 569 | ||
| Equipment | 569 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 573 | ||
| Special Considerations | 573 | ||
| Teaching | 573 | ||
| Pediatric | 573 | ||
| Gerontologic | 574 | ||
| Home Care | 574 | ||
| Skill 22-6 Administering Intravenous Medications by Piggyback, Intermittent Infusion Sets, and Mini-Infusion Pumps | 574 | ||
| Needle Safety | 574 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 574 | ||
| Equipment | 574 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 579 | ||
| Special Considerations | 579 | ||
| Teaching | 579 | ||
| Pediatric | 579 | ||
| Gerontologic | 579 | ||
| Home Care | 579 | ||
| Skill 22-7 Administering Continuous Subcutaneous Medications | 580 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 580 | ||
| Equipment | 581 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 584 | ||
| Special Considerations | 584 | ||
| Teaching | 584 | ||
| Pediatric | 584 | ||
| Gerontologic | 584 | ||
| Home Care | 584 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 584 | ||
| Review Questions | 584 | ||
| References | 585 | ||
| Unit VIII Oxygenation | 587 | ||
| 23 Oxygen Therapy | 587 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 587 | ||
| Objectives | 587 | ||
| Key Terms | 587 | ||
| Media Resources | 587 | ||
| Oxygen Delivery Systems | 588 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 588 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 589 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 589 | ||
| Skill 23-1 Applying a Nasal Cannula or Oxygen Mask | 590 | ||
| Nasal Cannula | 590 | ||
| Oxygen Mask | 590 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 590 | ||
| Equipment | 591 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 594 | ||
| Special Considerations | 594 | ||
| Teaching | 594 | ||
| Pediatric | 594 | ||
| Gerontologic | 594 | ||
| Home Care | 594 | ||
| Skill 23-2 Administering Oxygen Therapy to a Patient with an Artificial Airway | 595 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 595 | ||
| Equipment | 595 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 597 | ||
| Special Considerations | 597 | ||
| Teaching | 597 | ||
| Home Care | 597 | ||
| Skill 23-3 Using Incentive Spirometry | 597 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 598 | ||
| Equipment | 598 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 599 | ||
| Special Considerations | 599 | ||
| Teaching | 599 | ||
| Pediatric | 599 | ||
| Gerontologic | 600 | ||
| Skill 23-4 Care of a Patient Receiving Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | 600 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 601 | ||
| Equipment | 601 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 603 | ||
| Special Considerations | 603 | ||
| Teaching | 603 | ||
| Home Care | 603 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 23-1 Use of a Peak Flow Meter | 604 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 604 | ||
| Equipment | 604 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 604 | ||
| Skill 23-5 Care of a Patient on a Mechanical Ventilator | 604 | ||
| Modes of Ventilation | 604 | ||
| Alarms and Settings | 605 | ||
| Home Mechanical Ventilation | 607 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 607 | ||
| Equipment | 607 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 610 | ||
| Special Considerations | 610 | ||
| Teaching | 610 | ||
| Pediatric | 610 | ||
| Gerontologic | 611 | ||
| Home Care | 611 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 611 | ||
| Review Questions | 611 | ||
| References | 612 | ||
| 24 Performing Chest Physiotherapy | 613 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 613 | ||
| Objectives | 613 | ||
| Key Terms | 613 | ||
| Media Resources | 613 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 614 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 614 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 615 | ||
| Skill 24-1 Performing Postural Drainage | 615 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 615 | ||
| Equipment | 615 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 619 | ||
| Special Considerations | 619 | ||
| Teaching | 619 | ||
| Pediatric | 619 | ||
| Gerontologic | 619 | ||
| Home Care | 619 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 24-1 Using an Acapella Device | 619 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 619 | ||
| Equipment | 620 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 620 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 24-2 Performing Percussion, Vibration, and Shaking | 620 | ||
| High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (Compression) | 621 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 621 | ||
| Equipment | 621 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 621 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 623 | ||
| Review Questions | 623 | ||
| References | 623 | ||
| 25 Airway Management | 624 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 624 | ||
| Objectives | 624 | ||
| Key Terms | 624 | ||
| Media Resources | 624 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 625 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 625 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 625 | ||
| Skill 25-1 Performing Oropharyngeal Suctioning | 626 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 626 | ||
| Equipment | 626 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 629 | ||
| Special Considerations | 629 | ||
| Teaching | 629 | ||
| Pediatric | 629 | ||
| Gerontologic | 629 | ||
| Home Care | 629 | ||
| Skill 25-2 Airway Suctioning | 629 | ||
| Nasopharyngeal and Nasotracheal Suctioning | 629 | ||
| Artificial Airway Suctioning | 629 | ||
| Endotracheal Tubes | 629 | ||
| Tracheostomy Tubes | 630 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 630 | ||
| Equipment | 630 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 637 | ||
| Special Considerations | 637 | ||
| Teaching | 637 | ||
| Pediatric | 637 | ||
| Gerontologic | 637 | ||
| Home Care | 637 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 25-1 Closed (In-Line) Suction | 638 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 638 | ||
| Equipment | 638 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 638 | ||
| Skill 25-3 Performing Endotracheal Tube Care | 639 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 639 | ||
| Equipment | 639 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 644 | ||
| Special Considerations | 644 | ||
| Teaching | 644 | ||
| Pediatric | 644 | ||
| Gerontologic | 644 | ||
| Skill 25-4 Performing Tracheostomy Care | 644 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 645 | ||
| Equipment | 645 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 650 | ||
| Special Considerations | 650 | ||
| Teaching | 650 | ||
| Pediatric | 650 | ||
| Gerontologic | 650 | ||
| Skill 25-5 Inflating the Cuff on an Endotracheal or Tracheostomy Tube | 650 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 650 | ||
| Equipment | 651 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 653 | ||
| Pediatric | 653 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 653 | ||
| Review Questions | 653 | ||
| References | 654 | ||
| 26 Closed Chest Drainage Systems | 655 | ||
| Objectives | 655 | ||
| Key Terms | 655 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 655 | ||
| Media Resources | 655 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 658 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 658 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 658 | ||
| Skill 26-1 Managing Closed Chest Drainage Systems | 659 | ||
| Water-Seal Systems | 659 | ||
| Two-Chamber Water-Seal System | 659 | ||
| Three-Chamber Water-Seal System | 659 | ||
| Waterless Systems | 660 | ||
| Two-Chamber Waterless System | 660 | ||
| Three-Chamber Waterless System | 661 | ||
| Dry Suction System | 661 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 661 | ||
| Equipment | 662 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 668 | ||
| Special Considerations | 668 | ||
| Teaching | 668 | ||
| Pediatric | 668 | ||
| Gerontologic | 668 | ||
| Home Care | 668 | ||
| Skill 26-2 Assisting with Removal of Chest Tubes | 668 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 668 | ||
| Equipment | 668 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 670 | ||
| Special Considerations | 670 | ||
| Teaching | 670 | ||
| Pediatric | 671 | ||
| Skill 26-3 Autotransfusion of Chest Tube Drainage | 671 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 671 | ||
| Equipment | 671 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 673 | ||
| Special Considerations | 673 | ||
| Teaching | 673 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 674 | ||
| Review Questions | 674 | ||
| References | 674 | ||
| 27 Emergency Measures for Life Support | 676 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 676 | ||
| Objectives | 676 | ||
| Key Terms | 676 | ||
| Media Resources | 676 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 676 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 677 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 677 | ||
| Skill 27-1 Inserting an Oropharyngeal Airway | 677 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 677 | ||
| Equipment | 678 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 680 | ||
| Special Considerations | 680 | ||
| Pediatric | 680 | ||
| Skill 27-2 Use of an Automated External Defibrillator | 680 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 680 | ||
| Equipment | 680 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 682 | ||
| Special Considerations | 682 | ||
| Teaching | 682 | ||
| Pediatric | 682 | ||
| Home Care | 682 | ||
| Skill 27-3 Code Management | 683 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 683 | ||
| Equipment | 686 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 690 | ||
| Special Considerations | 690 | ||
| Teaching | 690 | ||
| Pediatric | 691 | ||
| Gerontologic | 691 | ||
| Home Care | 691 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 691 | ||
| Review Questions | 691 | ||
| References | 692 | ||
| Unit IX Fluid Balance | 693 | ||
| 28 Intravenous and Vascular Access Therapy | 693 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 693 | ||
| Objectives | 693 | ||
| Key Terms | 693 | ||
| Media Resources | 693 | ||
| Intravenous Solutions | 694 | ||
| Intravenous Catheters | 694 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 695 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 695 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 696 | ||
| Skill 28-1 Initiating Intravenous Therapy | 697 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 697 | ||
| Equipment | 697 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 707 | ||
| Special Considerations | 708 | ||
| Teaching | 708 | ||
| Pediatric | 708 | ||
| Gerontologic | 708 | ||
| Home Care | 708 | ||
| Skill 28-2 Regulating Intravenous Flow Rate | 708 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 709 | ||
| Equipment | 709 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 712 | ||
| Special Considerations | 712 | ||
| Teaching | 712 | ||
| Pediatric | 713 | ||
| Gerontologic | 713 | ||
| Home Care | 713 | ||
| Skill 28-3 Changing Intravenous Solutions | 713 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 713 | ||
| Equipment | 713 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 716 | ||
| Special Considerations | 716 | ||
| Teaching | 716 | ||
| Home Care | 716 | ||
| Skill 28-4 Changing Infusion Tubing | 716 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 717 | ||
| Equipment | 717 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 719 | ||
| Special Considerations | 719 | ||
| Teaching | 719 | ||
| Home Care | 719 | ||
| Skill 28-5 Changing a Short Peripheral Intravenous Dressing | 719 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 720 | ||
| Equipment | 720 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 723 | ||
| Special Considerations | 723 | ||
| Teaching | 723 | ||
| Pediatric | 723 | ||
| Gerontologic | 723 | ||
| Home Care | 723 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 28-1 Discontinuing a Short Peripheral Intravenous Access | 723 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 723 | ||
| Equipment | 723 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 723 | ||
| Skill 28-6 Caring for Central Vascular Access Devices | 724 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 726 | ||
| Equipment | 726 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 733 | ||
| Special Considerations | 733 | ||
| Teaching | 733 | ||
| Pediatric | 735 | ||
| Gerontologic | 735 | ||
| Home Care | 735 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 736 | ||
| Review Questions | 736 | ||
| References | 736 | ||
| 29 Blood Transfusions | 737 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 737 | ||
| Objectives | 737 | ||
| Key Terms | 737 | ||
| Media Resources | 737 | ||
| ABO System | 738 | ||
| Rh System | 739 | ||
| Human Leukocyte Antigen System | 739 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 739 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 740 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 740 | ||
| Skill 29-1 Initiating Blood Therapy | 742 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 742 | ||
| Equipment | 744 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 749 | ||
| Special Considerations | 749 | ||
| Teaching | 749 | ||
| Pediatric | 749 | ||
| Gerontologic | 749 | ||
| Home Care | 749 | ||
| Skill 29-2 Monitoring for Adverse Transfusion Reactions | 750 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 750 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 752 | ||
| Special Considerations | 752 | ||
| Teaching | 752 | ||
| Pediatric | 752 | ||
| Gerontologic | 752 | ||
| Home Care | 752 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 753 | ||
| Review Questions | 753 | ||
| References | 753 | ||
| Unit X Nutrition | 754 | ||
| 30 Oral Nutrition | 754 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 754 | ||
| Objectives | 754 | ||
| Key Terms | 754 | ||
| Media Resources | 754 | ||
| Screening for Nutritional Risk | 754 | ||
| Nutrition Screening and Assessment Tools | 755 | ||
| Nutritional Assessment by a Registered Dietitian | 755 | ||
| Foundations of Nutrition | 755 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 757 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 759 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 759 | ||
| Skill 30-1 Performing a Nutritional Assessment | 760 | ||
| History | 760 | ||
| Physical Examination | 760 | ||
| Anthropometrics | 760 | ||
| Biochemical Markers of Nutritional Status | 762 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 762 | ||
| Equipment | 762 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 764 | ||
| Special Considerations | 764 | ||
| Gerontologic | 764 | ||
| Pediatric | 764 | ||
| Skill 30-2 Assisting an Adult Patient with Oral Nutrition | 764 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 764 | ||
| Equipment | 764 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 767 | ||
| Special Considerations | 767 | ||
| Teaching | 767 | ||
| Pediatric | 768 | ||
| Gerontologic | 768 | ||
| Home Care | 768 | ||
| Skill 30-3 Aspiration Precautions | 768 | ||
| Dysphagia Evaluation | 769 | ||
| Dysphagia Management | 769 | ||
| Consequences Of Dysphagia | 770 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 770 | ||
| Equipment | 770 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 772 | ||
| Special Considerations | 772 | ||
| Pediatric | 772 | ||
| Gerontologic | 772 | ||
| Home Care | 772 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 773 | ||
| Review Questions | 773 | ||
| References | 773 | ||
| 31 Enteral Nutrition | 775 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 775 | ||
| Objectives | 775 | ||
| Key Terms | 775 | ||
| Media Resources | 775 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 775 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 776 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 776 | ||
| Skill 31-1 Inserting and Removing a Small-Bore Nasogastric or Nasoenteric Feeding Tube | 777 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 777 | ||
| Equipment | 777 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 782 | ||
| Special Considerations | 782 | ||
| Teaching | 782 | ||
| Pediatric | 782 | ||
| Gerontologic | 782 | ||
| Home Care | 782 | ||
| Skill 31-2 Verifying Feeding Tube Placement | 782 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 783 | ||
| Equipment | 783 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 785 | ||
| Special Considerations | 785 | ||
| Teaching | 785 | ||
| Pediatric | 785 | ||
| Home Care | 785 | ||
| Skill 31-3 Irrigating a Feeding Tube | 786 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 786 | ||
| Equipment | 786 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 788 | ||
| Special Considerations | 788 | ||
| Pediatric | 788 | ||
| Skill 31-4 Administering Enteral Nutrition: Nasoenteric, Gastrostomy, or Jejunostomy Tube | 788 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 788 | ||
| Equipment | 788 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 792 | ||
| Special Considerations | 792 | ||
| Teaching | 792 | ||
| Pediatric | 792 | ||
| Gerontologic | 792 | ||
| Home Care | 793 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 31-1 Care of a Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Tube | 793 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 794 | ||
| Equipment | 794 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 794 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 794 | ||
| Review Questions | 794 | ||
| References | 795 | ||
| 32 Parenteral Nutrition | 796 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 796 | ||
| Objectives | 796 | ||
| Key Terms | 796 | ||
| Media Resources | 796 | ||
| Risks Associated with Parenteral Nutrition | 796 | ||
| Venous Access for Administration of Parenteral Nutrition | 796 | ||
| Components of a Parenteral Nutrition Solution | 797 | ||
| Medications | 799 | ||
| Administration of Parenteral Nutrition | 799 | ||
| Laboratory Monitoring | 799 | ||
| Monitoring Patient Status and Outcomes | 799 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 800 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 800 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 800 | ||
| Skill 32-1 Administering Parenteral Nutrition Through a Central Line | 801 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 801 | ||
| Equipment | 801 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 804 | ||
| Special Considerations | 804 | ||
| Teaching | 804 | ||
| Pediatric | 804 | ||
| Gerontological | 804 | ||
| Home Care | 804 | ||
| Skill 32-2 Administering Parenteral Nutrition Through a Peripheral Line | 804 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 805 | ||
| Equipment | 805 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 807 | ||
| Special Considerations | 807 | ||
| Teaching | 807 | ||
| Pediatric | 807 | ||
| Gerontologic | 807 | ||
| Home Care | 807 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 807 | ||
| Review Questions | 807 | ||
| References | 808 | ||
| Unit XI Elimination | 809 | ||
| 33 Urinary Elimination | 809 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 809 | ||
| Objectives | 809 | ||
| Key Terms | 809 | ||
| Media Resources | 809 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 809 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 810 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 810 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 33-1 Assisting with Use of a Urinal | 811 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 811 | ||
| Equipment | 811 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 811 | ||
| Skill 33-1 Insertion of a Straight or an Indwelling Urinary Catheter | 812 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 813 | ||
| Equipment | 813 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 822 | ||
| Special Considerations | 822 | ||
| Teaching | 822 | ||
| Pediatric | 822 | ||
| Gerontologic | 822 | ||
| Home Care | 822 | ||
| Skill 33-2 Care and Removal of an Indwelling Catheter | 823 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 823 | ||
| Equipment | 823 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 827 | ||
| Special Considerations | 827 | ||
| Teaching | 827 | ||
| Pediatric | 827 | ||
| Gerontologic | 827 | ||
| Home Care | 827 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 33-2 Bladder Scan and Catheterization to Determine Residual Urine | 827 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 827 | ||
| Equipment | 827 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 827 | ||
| Skill 33-3 Performing Catheter Irrigation | 828 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 829 | ||
| Equipment | 829 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 833 | ||
| Special Considerations | 833 | ||
| Teaching | 833 | ||
| Home Care | 833 | ||
| Skill 33-4 Applying a Condom-Type External Catheter | 833 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 833 | ||
| Equipment | 834 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 836 | ||
| Special Considerations | 836 | ||
| Teaching | 836 | ||
| Pediatric | 836 | ||
| Gerontologic | 836 | ||
| Home Care | 836 | ||
| Skill 33-5 Suprapubic Catheter Care | 837 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 837 | ||
| Equipment | 837 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 839 | ||
| Special Considerations | 839 | ||
| Teaching | 839 | ||
| Home Care | 839 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 840 | ||
| Review Questions | 840 | ||
| References | 840 | ||
| 34 Bowel Elimination and Gastric Intubation | 842 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 842 | ||
| Objectives | 842 | ||
| Key Terms | 842 | ||
| Media Resources | 842 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 842 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 843 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 843 | ||
| Skill 34-1 Assisting a Patient in Using a Bedpan | 844 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 844 | ||
| Equipment | 844 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 848 | ||
| Special Considerations | 848 | ||
| Teaching | 848 | ||
| Pediatric | 848 | ||
| Gerontologic | 848 | ||
| Skill 34-2 Removing Fecal Impaction Digitally | 849 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 849 | ||
| Equipment | 849 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 851 | ||
| Special Considerations | 851 | ||
| Teaching | 851 | ||
| Pediatric | 851 | ||
| Gerontological | 851 | ||
| Skill 34-3 Administering an Enema | 852 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 852 | ||
| Equipment | 852 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 856 | ||
| Special Considerations | 856 | ||
| Teaching | 856 | ||
| Pediatric | 856 | ||
| Gerontological | 856 | ||
| Home Care | 856 | ||
| Skill 34-4 Insertion, Maintenance, and Removal of a Nasogastric Tube for Gastric Decompression | 857 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 857 | ||
| Equipment | 857 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 863 | ||
| Special Considerations | 863 | ||
| Gerontologic | 863 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 864 | ||
| Review Questions | 864 | ||
| References | 865 | ||
| 35 Ostomy Care | 866 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 866 | ||
| Objectives | 866 | ||
| Key Terms | 866 | ||
| Media Resources | 866 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 867 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 868 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 868 | ||
| Skill 35-1 Pouching a Colostomy or an Ileostomy | 868 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 869 | ||
| Equipment | 870 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 873 | ||
| Special Considerations | 873 | ||
| Teaching | 873 | ||
| Pediatric | 873 | ||
| Gerontologic | 873 | ||
| Home Care | 873 | ||
| Skill 35-2 Pouching a Urostomy | 873 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 874 | ||
| Equipment | 874 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 876 | ||
| Special Considerations | 876 | ||
| Teaching | 876 | ||
| Pediatric | 876 | ||
| Gerontologic | 876 | ||
| Home Care | 876 | ||
| Skill 35-3 Catheterizing a Urinary Diversion | 877 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 877 | ||
| Equipment | 877 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 878 | ||
| Special Considerations | 878 | ||
| Teaching | 878 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 879 | ||
| Review Questions | 879 | ||
| References | 879 | ||
| Unit XII Care of the Surgical Patient | 880 | ||
| 36 Preoperative and Postoperative Care | 880 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 880 | ||
| Objectives | 880 | ||
| Key Terms | 880 | ||
| Media Resources | 880 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice Trends | 881 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 882 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 883 | ||
| Skill 36-1 Preparing a Patient for Surgery | 883 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 884 | ||
| Equipment | 884 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 887 | ||
| Special Considerations | 887 | ||
| Teaching | 887 | ||
| Pediatric | 888 | ||
| Gerontologic | 888 | ||
| Home Care | 888 | ||
| Skill 36-2 Demonstrating Postoperative Exercises | 890 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 890 | ||
| Equipment | 890 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 896 | ||
| Special Considerations | 896 | ||
| Teaching | 896 | ||
| Pediatric | 896 | ||
| Gerontologic | 896 | ||
| Home Care | 897 | ||
| Skill 36-3 Performing Postoperative Care of a Surgical Patient | 897 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 897 | ||
| Equipment | 897 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 906 | ||
| Special Considerations | 906 | ||
| Teaching | 906 | ||
| Pediatric | 906 | ||
| Gerontologic | 906 | ||
| Home Care | 906 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 906 | ||
| Review Questions | 906 | ||
| References | 907 | ||
| 37 Intraoperative Care | 908 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 908 | ||
| Objectives | 908 | ||
| Key Terms | 908 | ||
| Media Resources | 908 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice Trends | 910 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 910 | ||
| Skill Performance Guidelines | 910 | ||
| Skill 37-1 Surgical Hand Antisepsis | 911 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 911 | ||
| Equipment | 911 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 915 | ||
| Special Considerations | 915 | ||
| Teaching | 915 | ||
| Skill 37-2 Donning a Sterile Gown and Closed Gloving | 915 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 915 | ||
| Equipment | 915 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 918 | ||
| Special Considerations | 918 | ||
| Teaching | 918 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 918 | ||
| Review Questions | 918 | ||
| References | 919 | ||
| Unit XIII Dressings and Wound Care | 920 | ||
| 38 Wound Care and Irrigations | 920 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 920 | ||
| Objectives | 920 | ||
| Key Terms | 920 | ||
| Media Resources | 920 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 924 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 924 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 924 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 38-1 Performing a Wound Assessment | 925 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 925 | ||
| Equipment | 925 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 925 | ||
| Skill 38-1 Performing a Wound Irrigation | 926 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 926 | ||
| Equipment | 927 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 930 | ||
| Special Considerations | 930 | ||
| Teaching | 930 | ||
| Pediatric | 930 | ||
| Gerontologic | 930 | ||
| Home Care | 930 | ||
| Skill 38-2 Removing Sutures and Staples | 930 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 930 | ||
| Equipment | 931 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 935 | ||
| Special Considerations | 935 | ||
| Teaching | 935 | ||
| Pediatric | 935 | ||
| Gerontologic | 935 | ||
| Skill 38-3 Managing Wound Drainage Evacuation | 935 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 936 | ||
| Equipment | 936 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 939 | ||
| Special Considerations | 939 | ||
| Teaching | 939 | ||
| Pediatric | 939 | ||
| Gerontologic | 939 | ||
| Home Care | 939 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 940 | ||
| Review Questions | 940 | ||
| References | 940 | ||
| 39 Dressings, Bandages, and Binders | 942 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 942 | ||
| Objectives | 942 | ||
| Key Terms | 942 | ||
| Media Resources | 942 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 943 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 943 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 945 | ||
| Skill 39-1 Applying a Dressing (Dry and Moist-to-Dry) | 946 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 947 | ||
| Equipment | 947 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 952 | ||
| Special Considerations | 952 | ||
| Teaching | 952 | ||
| Pediatric | 953 | ||
| Gerontologic | 953 | ||
| Home Care | 953 | ||
| Skill 39-2 Applying a Pressure Bandage | 953 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 953 | ||
| Equipment | 953 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 955 | ||
| Special Considerations | 955 | ||
| Teaching | 955 | ||
| Pediatric | 955 | ||
| Gerontologic | 956 | ||
| Home Care | 956 | ||
| Skill 39-3 Applying a Transparent Dressing | 956 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 956 | ||
| Equipment | 956 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 958 | ||
| Special Considerations | 958 | ||
| Teaching | 958 | ||
| Pediatric | 959 | ||
| Gerontologic | 959 | ||
| Home Care | 959 | ||
| Skill 39-4 Applying a Hydrocolloid, Hydrogel, Foam, or Absorption Dressing | 959 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 959 | ||
| Equipment | 959 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 963 | ||
| Special Considerations | 963 | ||
| Teaching | 963 | ||
| Pediatric | 964 | ||
| Gerontologic | 964 | ||
| Skill 39-5 Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) | 964 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 965 | ||
| Equipment | 965 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 969 | ||
| Special Considerations | 969 | ||
| Teaching | 969 | ||
| Pediatric | 969 | ||
| Gerontologic | 969 | ||
| Home Care | 969 | ||
| Procedure Guideline 39-1 Applying Gauze and Elastic Bandages | 969 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 969 | ||
| Equipment | 970 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 970 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 39-2 Applying an Abdominal Binder | 972 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 973 | ||
| Equipment | 973 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 973 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 974 | ||
| Review Questions | 974 | ||
| References | 974 | ||
| 40 Therapeutic Use of Heat and Cold | 976 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 976 | ||
| Objectives | 976 | ||
| Key Terms | 976 | ||
| Media Resources | 976 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 977 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 978 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 978 | ||
| Skill 40-1 Applying Moist Heat | 978 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 979 | ||
| Equipment | 979 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 983 | ||
| Special Considerations | 983 | ||
| Teaching | 983 | ||
| Pediatric | 983 | ||
| Gerontologic | 983 | ||
| Home Care | 983 | ||
| Skill 40-2 Applying Dry Heat | 983 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 983 | ||
| Equipment | 983 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 985 | ||
| Special Considerations | 985 | ||
| Teaching | 985 | ||
| Pediatric | 985 | ||
| Gerontologic | 985 | ||
| Home Care | 986 | ||
| Skill 40-3 Applying Cold | 986 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 986 | ||
| Equipment | 986 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 989 | ||
| Special Considerations | 989 | ||
| Teaching | 989 | ||
| Pediatric | 989 | ||
| Gerontologic | 989 | ||
| Skill 40-4 Caring for Patients Requiring Hypothermia or Hyperthermia Blankets | 989 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 990 | ||
| Equipment | 990 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 992 | ||
| Special Considerations | 992 | ||
| Teaching | 992 | ||
| Pediatric | 992 | ||
| Gerontologic | 992 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 992 | ||
| Review Questions | 992 | ||
| References | 993 | ||
| Unit XIV Home Care | 994 | ||
| 41 Home Care Safety | 994 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 994 | ||
| Objectives | 994 | ||
| Key Terms | 994 | ||
| Media Resources | 994 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 995 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 995 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 995 | ||
| Skill 41-1 Home Environment Assessment and Safety | 995 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 995 | ||
| Equipment | 995 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1003 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1003 | ||
| Teaching | 1003 | ||
| Pediatric | 1003 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1003 | ||
| Skill 41-2 Adapting the Home Setting for Patients with Cognitive Deficits | 1004 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1004 | ||
| Equipment | 1004 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1009 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1009 | ||
| Teaching | 1009 | ||
| Pediatric | 1009 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1009 | ||
| Skill 41-3 Medication and Medical Device Safety | 1009 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1009 | ||
| Equipment | 1010 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1013 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1013 | ||
| Teaching | 1013 | ||
| Pediatric | 1013 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 1013 | ||
| Review Questions | 1013 | ||
| References | 1014 | ||
| 42 Home Care Teaching | 1015 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 1015 | ||
| Objectives | 1015 | ||
| Key Terms | 1015 | ||
| Media Resources | 1015 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 1016 | ||
| Client-Centered Care | 1016 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 1017 | ||
| Skill 42-1 Teaching Clients to Measure Body Temperature | 1017 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1017 | ||
| Equipment | 1017 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1020 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1020 | ||
| Teaching | 1020 | ||
| Pediatric | 1020 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1020 | ||
| Skill 42-2 Teaching Blood Pressure and Pulse Measurement | 1020 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1020 | ||
| Equipment | 1020 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1024 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1024 | ||
| Teaching | 1024 | ||
| Pediatric | 1024 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1024 | ||
| Skill 42-3 Teaching Intermittent Self-Catheterization | 1024 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1025 | ||
| Equipment | 1025 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1027 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1027 | ||
| Teaching | 1027 | ||
| Pediatric | 1027 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1027 | ||
| Skill 42-4 Using Home Oxygen Equipment | 1027 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1030 | ||
| Equipment | 1030 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1033 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1033 | ||
| Teaching | 1033 | ||
| Pediatric | 1033 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1033 | ||
| Skill 42-5 Teaching Home Tracheostomy Care and Suctioning | 1034 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1034 | ||
| Equipment | 1034 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1037 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1037 | ||
| Teaching | 1037 | ||
| Pediatric | 1037 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1038 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 42-1 Changing a Tracheostomy Tube at Home | 1038 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1038 | ||
| Equipment | 1038 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 1038 | ||
| Skill 42-6 Teaching Medication Self-Administration | 1039 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1039 | ||
| Equipment | 1039 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1042 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1042 | ||
| Teaching | 1042 | ||
| Pediatric | 1043 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1043 | ||
| Skill 42-7 Managing Feeding Tubes in the Home | 1043 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1043 | ||
| Equipment | 1043 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1046 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1046 | ||
| Teaching | 1046 | ||
| Pediatric | 1046 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1046 | ||
| Skill 42-8 Managing Parenteral Nutrition in the Home | 1046 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1046 | ||
| Equipment | 1047 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1049 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1049 | ||
| Teaching | 1049 | ||
| Pediatric | 1049 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1049 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 1049 | ||
| Review Questions | 1049 | ||
| References | 1050 | ||
| Unit XV Special Procedures | 1052 | ||
| 43 Specimen Collection | 1052 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 1052 | ||
| Objectives | 1052 | ||
| Key Terms | 1052 | ||
| Media Resources | 1052 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 1053 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 1053 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 1053 | ||
| Skill 43-1 Urine Specimen Collection: Midstream (Clean-Voided) Urine; Sterile Urinary Catheter | 1054 | ||
| Types of Urine Tests and Specimens | 1054 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1054 | ||
| Equipment | 1054 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1058 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1058 | ||
| Teaching | 1058 | ||
| Pediatric | 1058 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1058 | ||
| Home Care | 1058 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 43-1 Collecting a Timed Urine Specimen | 1059 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1059 | ||
| Equipment | 1059 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 1059 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 43-2 Urine Screening for Glucose, Ketones, Protein, Blood, and pH | 1060 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1060 | ||
| Equipment | 1060 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 1060 | ||
| Skill 43-2 Measuring Occult Blood in Stool | 1061 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1061 | ||
| Equipment | 1061 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1063 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1063 | ||
| Teaching | 1063 | ||
| Pediatric | 1063 | ||
| Home Care | 1063 | ||
| Skill 43-3 Measuring Occult Blood in Gastric Secretions (Gastroccult) | 1063 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1063 | ||
| Equipment | 1064 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1065 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1065 | ||
| Teaching | 1065 | ||
| Pediatric | 1065 | ||
| Home Care | 1065 | ||
| Skill 43-4 Collecting Nose and Throat Specimens for Culture | 1065 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1065 | ||
| Equipment | 1066 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1068 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1068 | ||
| Teaching | 1068 | ||
| Pediatric | 1068 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1068 | ||
| Skill 43-5 Obtaining Vaginal or Urethral Discharge Specimens | 1069 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1069 | ||
| Equipment | 1069 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1071 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1071 | ||
| Teaching | 1071 | ||
| Pediatric | 1071 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1071 | ||
| Procedural Guideline 43-3 Collecting a Sputum Specimen by Expectoration | 1071 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1071 | ||
| Equipment | 1071 | ||
| Procedural Steps | 1071 | ||
| Skill 43-6 Collecting a Sputum Specimen by Suction | 1072 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1072 | ||
| Equipment | 1072 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1075 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1075 | ||
| Teaching | 1075 | ||
| Pediatric | 1075 | ||
| Skill 43-7 Obtaining Wound Drainage Specimens | 1075 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1075 | ||
| Equipment | 1075 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1077 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1077 | ||
| Teaching | 1077 | ||
| Pediatric | 1077 | ||
| Home Care | 1077 | ||
| Skill 43-8 Collecting Blood Specimens and Culture by Venipuncture (Syringe and Vacutainer Method) | 1077 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1078 | ||
| Equipment | 1078 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1085 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1085 | ||
| Teaching | 1085 | ||
| Pediatric | 1085 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1085 | ||
| Home Care | 1085 | ||
| Skill 43-9 Blood Glucose Monitoring | 1085 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1086 | ||
| Equipment | 1087 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1090 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1090 | ||
| Teaching | 1090 | ||
| Pediatric | 1090 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1090 | ||
| Home Care | 1090 | ||
| Skill 43-10 Obtaining an Arterial Specimen for Blood Gas Measurement | 1091 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1091 | ||
| Equipment | 1091 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1095 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1095 | ||
| Teaching | 1095 | ||
| Pediatric | 1095 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1095 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 1095 | ||
| Review Questions | 1095 | ||
| References | 1096 | ||
| 44 Diagnostic Procedures | 1097 | ||
| Skills and Procedures | 1097 | ||
| Objectives | 1097 | ||
| Key Terms | 1097 | ||
| Media Resources | 1097 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 1098 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 1098 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 1098 | ||
| Skill 44-1 Intravenous Moderate Sedation During a Diagnostic Procedure | 1099 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1099 | ||
| Equipment | 1099 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1103 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1103 | ||
| Teaching | 1103 | ||
| Pediatric | 1103 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1103 | ||
| Home Care | 1103 | ||
| Skill 44-2 Contrast Media Studies: Arteriogram (Angiogram), Cardiac Catheterization, and Intravenous Pyelogram | 1103 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1104 | ||
| Equipment | 1104 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1108 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1108 | ||
| Teaching | 1108 | ||
| Pediatric | 1108 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1108 | ||
| Home Care | 1109 | ||
| Skill 44-3 Assisting with Aspirations: Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy, Lumbar Puncture, Paracentesis, and Thoracentesis | 1109 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1111 | ||
| Equipment | 1111 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1114 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1115 | ||
| Teaching | 1115 | ||
| Pediatric | 1115 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1115 | ||
| Home Care | 1115 | ||
| Skill 44-4 Assisting with Bronchoscopy | 1115 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1115 | ||
| Equipment | 1115 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1118 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1118 | ||
| Teaching | 1118 | ||
| Pediatric | 1118 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1118 | ||
| Home Care | 1118 | ||
| Skill 44-5 Assisting with Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | 1118 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1119 | ||
| Equipment | 1119 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1122 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1122 | ||
| Teaching | 1122 | ||
| Pediatric | 1122 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1122 | ||
| Home Care | 1122 | ||
| Skill 44-6 Obtaining an Electrocardiogram | 1122 | ||
| Delegation and Collaboration | 1123 | ||
| Equipment | 1123 | ||
| Recording and Reporting | 1126 | ||
| Special Considerations | 1126 | ||
| Teaching | 1126 | ||
| Gerontologic | 1126 | ||
| Critical Thinking Exercises | 1126 | ||
| Review Questions | 1127 | ||
| References | 1127 | ||
| Answer Key | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 1129 | ||
| Answers to Critical Thinking Questions | 1129 | ||
| Appendix | 1153 | ||
| Terminology/Combining Forms: Prefixes and Suffixes | 1153 | ||
| Common Prefixes | 1153 | ||
| Common Suffixes | 1154 | ||
| Glossary | 1156 | ||
| A | 1156 | ||
| B | 1157 | ||
| C | 1157 | ||
| D | 1158 | ||
| E | 1159 | ||
| F | 1160 | ||
| G | 1160 | ||
| H | 1160 | ||
| I | 1161 | ||
| J | 1162 | ||
| K | 1162 | ||
| L | 1162 | ||
| M | 1162 | ||
| N | 1163 | ||
| O | 1163 | ||
| P | 1164 | ||
| Q | 1165 | ||
| R | 1165 | ||
| S | 1166 | ||
| T | 1167 | ||
| U | 1167 | ||
| V | 1168 | ||
| W | 1168 | ||
| X | 1168 | ||
| Y | 1168 | ||
| Z | 1168 | ||
| Index | 1169 | ||
| A | 1169 | ||
| B | 1171 | ||
| C | 1172 | ||
| D | 1175 | ||
| E | 1176 | ||
| F | 1178 | ||
| G | 1178 | ||
| H | 1179 | ||
| I | 1180 | ||
| J | 1182 | ||
| K | 1182 | ||
| L | 1182 | ||
| M | 1182 | ||
| N | 1184 | ||
| O | 1185 | ||
| P | 1187 | ||
| Q | 1191 | ||
| R | 1191 | ||
| S | 1191 | ||
| T | 1193 | ||
| U | 1195 | ||
| V | 1195 | ||
| W | 1196 | ||
| Y | 1196 | ||
| Z | 1196 | ||
| Index of Skills and Procedural Guidelines | 1198 |