Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For nearly 25 years, Ferri's concise, pocket-sized resources have served as the go-to medical reference books among students, residents, and other medical professionals. Ferri’s Best Test continues that trend, providing fast, effective, and efficient guidance and helping you review the most important laboratory and imaging testing information, with an added focus on cost-effective decision making.
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
- Quickly access important information with concise, well-organized guidance to the most common lab tests and diagnostic imaging modalities.
- Simplify your decision-making process through analysis that describes the most common imaging studies for each organ system, reviewing their indications, advantages, disadvantages, and approximate costs.
- Confidently address problematic situations with background data that examines over 384 laboratory tests, describing the normal range of results in adult patients, typical abnormalities (positive tests, increased or decreased values), and the likeliest causes.
- Select the best test for diagnosing more than 200 common diseases and disorders.
- Keep important information at your fingertips with this portable, pocket-sized format that allows for convenient consultation anytime, anywhere.
- Apply the latest knowledge and techniques with thoroughly updated content.
- Expand your understanding of the testing process with the help of new algorithms and additional images.
- Take advantage of a practical, easily accessible format that is organized by clinical laboratory testing, diagnostic imaging and diagnostic algorithms for expedited reference and test ordering.
- Access over 300 laboratory tests and their approximate cost; review new modalities, such as magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS); and see diagnostic algorithms of the most common diseases and disorders.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | IFC | ||
| Ferri’s Best Test A Practical Guide To Clinical Laboratory Medicine And Diagnostic Imaging | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Preface | v | ||
| Acknowledgments | vii | ||
| Table of Contents | ix | ||
| Section I - Diagnostic Imaging | 1 | ||
| A. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Imaging | 3 | ||
| B. Breast Imaging | 31 | ||
| C. Cardiac Imaging | 34 | ||
| D. Chest Imaging | 44 | ||
| E. Endocrine Imaging | 50 | ||
| F. Genitourinary Imaging | 54 | ||
| G. Musculoskeletal and Spinal Cord Imaging | 63 | ||
| H. Neuroimaging of Brain | 75 | ||
| I. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | 80 | ||
| J. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) | 82 | ||
| K. Vascular Imaging | 83 | ||
| L. Oncology | 99 | ||
| References | 101 | ||
| Section II - Laboratory Values and Interpretation of Results | 103 | ||
| ACE LEVEL | 104 | ||
| Acetone (Serum or Plasma) | 104 | ||
| Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody | 104 | ||
| Acid Phosphatase (Serum) | 104 | ||
| Acid Serum Test; See Ham Test | 104 | ||
| Activated Clotting Time (ACT) | 104 | ||
| Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT); See Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT... | 104 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | 104 | ||
| Alanine Aminopeptidase | 105 | ||
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, formerly serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) | 105 | ||
| Albumin (Serum) | 105 | ||
| Alcohol Dehydrogenase | 105 | ||
| Aldolase (Serum) | 105 | ||
| Aldosterone (Plasma) | 106 | ||
| Alkaline Phosphatase (Serum) | 106 | ||
| Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Serum) | 106 | ||
| Alpha-1-Fetoprotein (Serum) | 106 | ||
| ALT; See Alanine Aminotransferase | 106 | ||
| Aluminum (Serum) | 106 | ||
| AMA; See Mitochondrial Antibody | 106 | ||
| Amebiasis Serological Test | 107 | ||
| Aminolevulinic Acid (d-ALA) (24-Hour Urine Collection) | 107 | ||
| Ammonia (Serum) | 107 | ||
| Amylase (Serum) | 107 | ||
| Amylase, Urine; See Urine Amylase | 107 | ||
| Amyloid A Protein (Serum) | 107 | ||
| ANA; See Antinuclear Antibody | 107 | ||
| ANCA; See Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody | 107 | ||
| Androstenedione (Serum) | 107 | ||
| Angiotensin II | 108 | ||
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Level | 108 | ||
| ANH; See Atrial Natriuretic Hormone | 108 | ||
| Anion Gap | 108 | ||
| Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA) | 108 | ||
| Anticoagulant; See Circulating Anticoagulant (Antiphospholipid Antibody, Lupus Anticoagulant) | 108 | ||
| Antidiuretic Hormone | 108 | ||
| Anti-DNA | 109 | ||
| Anti-ds DNA | 109 | ||
| Anti-Globin Test, Direct; See Coombs, Direct | 109 | ||
| Antiglomerular Basement Antibody; See Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody | 109 | ||
| Anti-HCV; See Hepatitis C Antibody | 109 | ||
| Antihistone | 109 | ||
| Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA) | 109 | ||
| Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) | 109 | ||
| Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) | 109 | ||
| Antiphospholipid Antibody; See Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) Test | 109 | ||
| Anti-RNP Antibody; See Extractable Nuclear Antigen | 109 | ||
| Anti-Scl-70 | 110 | ||
| Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) Antibody; See Extractable Nuclear Antigen | 110 | ||
| Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody; See Smooth Muscle Antibody | 110 | ||
| Antistreptolysin O Titer (Streptozyme, ASLO Titer) | 110 | ||
| Antithrombin III | 111 | ||
| Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) | 111 | ||
| Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) | 111 | ||
| Arterial Blood Gases | 111 | ||
| Arthrocentesis Fluid | 112 | ||
| ASLO Titer; See Antistreptolysin O Titer | 113 | ||
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT]) | 113 | ||
| Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) | 113 | ||
| Basophil Count | 113 | ||
| Bicarbonate | 114 | ||
| Bile Acid Breath Test | 114 | ||
| Bile, Urine; See Urine Bile | 114 | ||
| Bilirubin, Direct (Conjugated Bilirubin) | 114 | ||
| Bilirubin, Indirect (Unconjugated Bilirubin) | 114 | ||
| Bilirubin, Total | 114 | ||
| Bilirubin, Urine; See Urine Bile | 115 | ||
| Bladder Tumor–Associated Antigen | 115 | ||
| Bleeding Time (Modified IVY Method) | 115 | ||
| Blood Volume, Total | 115 | ||
| Bordetella Pertussis Serology | 115 | ||
| BRCA-1, BRCA-2 | 115 | ||
| Breath Hydrogen Test | 115 | ||
| B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) | 116 | ||
| BUN; See Urea Nitrogen | 116 | ||
| C3; See Complement (C3, C4) | 116 | ||
| C4; See Complement (C3, C4) | 116 | ||
| CA 15-3; See Cancer Antigen 15-3 | 116 | ||
| CA 27-29; See Cancer Antigen 27-29 | 116 | ||
| CA 72-4; See Cancer Antigen 72-4 | 116 | ||
| CA 125; See Cancer Antigen 125 | 116 | ||
| Calcitonin (Serum) | 116 | ||
| Calcium (Serum) | 116 | ||
| Calcium, Urine; See Urine Calcium | 117 | ||
| Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) | 117 | ||
| Cancer Antigen 27-29 (CA 27-29) | 117 | ||
| Cancer Antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4) | 119 | ||
| Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) | 119 | ||
| Captopril Stimulation Test | 119 | ||
| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | 119 | ||
| Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 | 119 | ||
| Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure | 119 | ||
| Carbon Monoxide; See Carboxyhemoglobin | 119 | ||
| Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) | 119 | ||
| Cardiac Markers (Serum) | 120 | ||
| Cardiac Troponins; See Troponins, Serum | 121 | ||
| Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) | 121 | ||
| Cardio-CRP; See C-Reactive Protein | 121 | ||
| Carotene (Serum) | 121 | ||
| Catecholamines, Urine; See Urine Catecholamines | 121 | ||
| CBC; See Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count | 121 | ||
| CCK; See Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin | 121 | ||
| CCK-PZ; See Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin | 121 | ||
| CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count (CD4 T-Cells) | 121 | ||
| CD40 Ligand | 121 | ||
| CEA; See Carcinoembryonic Antigen | 122 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | 122 | ||
| Ceruloplasmin (Serum) | 122 | ||
| Chlamydia Group Antibody Serologic Test | 124 | ||
| Chlamydia Trachomatis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 124 | ||
| Chloride (Serum) | 124 | ||
| Chloride (Sweat) | 124 | ||
| Chloride, Urine; See Urine Chloride | 124 | ||
| Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK, CCK-PZ) | 124 | ||
| Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein; See Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | 124 | ||
| Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein; See High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | 124 | ||
| Cholesterol, Total | 124 | ||
| Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Human (Serum) | 125 | ||
| Chymotrypsin | 125 | ||
| Circulating Anticoagulant (Antiphospholipid Antibody, Lupus Anticoagulant) | 125 | ||
| CK; See Creatine Kinase | 125 | ||
| Clonidine Suppression Test | 125 | ||
| Clostridium Difficile Toxin Assay (Stool) | 125 | ||
| CO; See Carboxyhemoglobin | 126 | ||
| Coagulation Factors | 126 | ||
| Cold Agglutinins Titer | 126 | ||
| Complement (C3, C4) | 126 | ||
| Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count | 126 | ||
| Conjugated Bilirubin; See Bilirubin, Direct | 126 | ||
| Coombs, Direct (Antiglobulin Test, Direct, DAT) | 128 | ||
| Coombs, Indirect | 128 | ||
| Copper (Serum) | 128 | ||
| Copper, Urine; See Urine Copper | 129 | ||
| Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test | 129 | ||
| Cortisol (Plasma) | 130 | ||
| C-Peptide | 130 | ||
| CPK; See Creatine Kinase | 130 | ||
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | 130 | ||
| Creatinine Clearance | 130 | ||
| Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) | 130 | ||
| Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes | 131 | ||
| Creatinine (Serum) | 131 | ||
| Creatinine, Urine; See Urine Creatinine | 132 | ||
| Cryoglobulins (Serum) | 132 | ||
| Cryptosporidium Antigen by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Stool) | 132 | ||
| CSF; See Cerebrospinal Fluid | 132 | ||
| Cystatin C | 133 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 133 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 133 | ||
| d-Dimer | 133 | ||
| Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate | 133 | ||
| Deoxycorticosterone (11-Deoxycorticosterone, DOC), Serum | 133 | ||
| Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Overnight | 134 | ||
| Dihydrotestosterone, Serum, Urine | 134 | ||
| Disaccharide Absorption Tests | 134 | ||
| DOC; See Deoxycorticosterone | 134 | ||
| Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) Test For Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria | 134 | ||
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) | 134 | ||
| Dilantin; See Phenytoin | 134 | ||
| Dopamine | 135 | ||
| d-Xylose Absorption Test | 135 | ||
| Electrolytes, Urine; See Specific Urine Electrolytes (e.g., urine potassium, urine sodium etc.) | 135 | ||
| Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin; See Hemoglobin Electrophoresis | 135 | ||
| Electrophoresis, Protein; See Protein Electrophoresis | 135 | ||
| ENA Complex; See Extractable Nuclear Antigen | 135 | ||
| Endomysial Antibodies | 135 | ||
| Eosinophil Count | 135 | ||
| Epinephrine, Plasma | 135 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Serology | 135 | ||
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (Westergren) | 136 | ||
| Erythropoietin (EP) | 136 | ||
| Estradiol (Serum) | 137 | ||
| Estrogens, Total | 137 | ||
| Ethanol (Blood) | 137 | ||
| Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA Complex, Anti-RNP Antibody, Anti-SM, Anti-Smith) | 137 | ||
| Factor V Leiden | 137 | ||
| FDP; See Fibrin Degradation Product | 137 | ||
| Fecal FAT, Qualitative; See Sudan III Stain | 137 | ||
| Fecal FAT, Quantitative (72-Hour Collection) | 137 | ||
| Fecal Globin Immunochemical Test | 138 | ||
| Ferritin (Serum) | 138 | ||
| Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP) | 138 | ||
| Fibrinogen | 138 | ||
| Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody; See FTA-ABS | 138 | ||
| Folate (Folic Acid) | 138 | ||
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | 139 | ||
| Free T4; See T4, Free | 139 | ||
| Free Thyroxine Index | 139 | ||
| FSH; See Follicle-Stimulating Hormone | 139 | ||
| FTA-ABS (Serum) | 139 | ||
| Furosemide Stimulation Test | 139 | ||
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT); See γ-Glutamyl Transferase | 139 | ||
| Gastrin (Serum) | 139 | ||
| Gastrin Stimulation Test | 140 | ||
| Gliadin Antibodies, Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG | 140 | ||
| Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody | 140 | ||
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) | 140 | ||
| Glucagon | 140 | ||
| Glucose, Fasting | 140 | ||
| Glucose, Postprandial | 141 | ||
| Glucose Tolerance Test | 141 | ||
| Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Screen (Blood) | 142 | ||
| γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 142 | ||
| Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin (HbAlc) | 142 | ||
| Glycohemoglobin; See Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin | 142 | ||
| Growth Hormone | 142 | ||
| Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone (GHRH) | 142 | ||
| Growth Hormone Suppression Test (After Glucose) | 142 | ||
| HAM Test (Acid Serum Test) | 143 | ||
| Haptoglobin (Serum) | 143 | ||
| HBA1C; See Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin | 143 | ||
| HDL; See High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | 143 | ||
| Helicobacter Pylori (Serology, Stool Antigen) | 143 | ||
| Hematocrit | 143 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 143 | ||
| Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis | 144 | ||
| Hemoglobin, Glycated; See Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin | 144 | ||
| Hemoglobin, Glycosylated; See Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin | 144 | ||
| Hemoglobin H | 145 | ||
| Hemoglobin, Urine; See Urine Hemoglobin, Free | 145 | ||
| Hemosiderin, Urine; See Urine Hemosiderin | 145 | ||
| Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies | 145 | ||
| Hepatitis A Antibody | 145 | ||
| Hepatitis B Core Antibody | 146 | ||
| Hepatitis B DNA | 146 | ||
| Hepatitis Be Antigen (HBeAg) and Antibody | 146 | ||
| Hepatitis B Surface Antibody | 147 | ||
| Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) | 147 | ||
| Hepatitis C Antibody (Anti-HCV) | 147 | ||
| Hepatitis C RNA | 147 | ||
| Hepatitis D Antigen and Antibody | 147 | ||
| Her-2/nue | 148 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) | 148 | ||
| Heterophil Antibody | 148 | ||
| HFE Screen For Hereditary Hemochromatosis | 148 | ||
| High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol | 150 | ||
| Homocysteine, Plasma | 150 | ||
| Hs-CRP; See C-reactive Protein | 151 | ||
| HSV; See Herpes Simplex Virus | 151 | ||
| Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) | 151 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody, Type 1 (HIV-1) | 151 | ||
| Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | 151 | ||
| Huntington’s Disease Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 151 | ||
| 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid, Urine; See Urine 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid | 151 | ||
| Immune Complex Assay | 152 | ||
| Immunoglobulin (Ig) | 152 | ||
| Influenza A and B Tests | 153 | ||
| INR; See International Normalized Ratio | 153 | ||
| Insulin Autoantibodies | 153 | ||
| Insulin, Free | 154 | ||
| Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Serum | 154 | ||
| Insulin-Like Growth Factor II | 154 | ||
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | 154 | ||
| Intrinsic Factor Antibodies | 155 | ||
| Iron-Binding Capacity (Total Iron-Binding Capacity [TIBC]) | 155 | ||
| Iron Saturation (% Transferrin Saturation) | 155 | ||
| Iron, Serum | 155 | ||
| Lactate (Blood) | 155 | ||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 155 | ||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes | 155 | ||
| Lactose Tolerance Test (Serum) | 156 | ||
| Lanoxin; See Digoxin | 156 | ||
| Lap Score; See Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase | 156 | ||
| Lead | 156 | ||
| LDH; See Lactate Dehydrogenase | 156 | ||
| LDL; See Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | 156 | ||
| Legionella Pneumophila Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 156 | ||
| Legionella Titer | 156 | ||
| Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) | 156 | ||
| LH; See Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Blood | 157 | ||
| Lipase | 157 | ||
| Lipoprotein (A) | 157 | ||
| Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low Density; See Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | 157 | ||
| Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High Density; See High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | 157 | ||
| Liver Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM1) Antibodies | 157 | ||
| Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol | 157 | ||
| Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) Test | 157 | ||
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Blood | 157 | ||
| Lymphocytes | 158 | ||
| Magnesium (Serum) | 158 | ||
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | 159 | ||
| Metanephrines, Urine; See Urine Metanephrines | 159 | ||
| Methylmalonic Acid, Serum | 159 | ||
| Mitochondrial Antibody (Antimitochondrial antibody [AMA]) | 159 | ||
| Monocyte Count | 159 | ||
| Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 159 | ||
| Myelin Basic Protein, Cerebrospinal Fluid | 159 | ||
| Myoglobin, Urine; See Urine Myoglobin | 159 | ||
| Natriuretic Peptide; See B-type Natriuretic Peptide | 159 | ||
| Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | 159 | ||
| Neutrophil Count | 159 | ||
| Norepinephrine | 160 | ||
| 5′ Nucleotidase | 160 | ||
| Osmolality, Serum | 160 | ||
| Osmolality, Urine; See Urine Osmolality | 160 | ||
| Osmotic Fragility Test | 160 | ||
| Paracentesis Fluid | 160 | ||
| Parathyroid Hormone | 161 | ||
| Parietal Cell Antibodies | 161 | ||
| Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) | 161 | ||
| Pepsinogen I | 161 | ||
| PFA; See Platelet Function Analysis Assay 100 | 161 | ||
| pH, Blood | 163 | ||
| Phenobarbital | 163 | ||
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | 163 | ||
| Phosphatase, Acid; See Acid Phosphatase | 163 | ||
| Phosphatase, Alkaline; See Alkaline Phosphatase | 163 | ||
| Phosphate (Serum) | 163 | ||
| pH, Urine; See Urine pH | 164 | ||
| Plasminogen | 164 | ||
| Platelet Aggregation | 164 | ||
| Platelet Antibodies | 165 | ||
| Platelet Count | 165 | ||
| Platelet Function Analysis (PFA) 100 Assay | 165 | ||
| Potassium (Serum) | 166 | ||
| Potassium, Urine; See Urine Potassium | 167 | ||
| Procainamide | 167 | ||
| Progesterone, Serum | 167 | ||
| Prolactin | 168 | ||
| Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) | 168 | ||
| Prostatic Acid Phosphatase | 168 | ||
| Protein (Serum) | 168 | ||
| Protein C Assay | 168 | ||
| Protein Electrophoresis (Serum) | 168 | ||
| Protein S Assay | 170 | ||
| Prothrombin Time (PT) | 170 | ||
| Protoporphyrin (Free Erythrocyte) | 170 | ||
| PSA; See Prostate-Specific Antigen | 171 | ||
| PT; See Prothrombin Time | 171 | ||
| PTT; See Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) | 171 | ||
| RDW; See Red blood Cell Distribution Width | 171 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Count | 171 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) | 171 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Folate; See Folate (Folic Acid) | 171 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Mass (Volume) | 171 | ||
| Renin (Serum) | 172 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Screen | 172 | ||
| Reticulocyte Count | 172 | ||
| Rheumatoid Factor | 172 | ||
| RNP; See Extractable Nuclear Antigen | 173 | ||
| Rotavirus Serology | 173 | ||
| Schilling Test; See Fig. 2-15 | 173 | ||
| Sedimentation Rate; See Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | 173 | ||
| Semen Analysis | 173 | ||
| SGOT; See Aspartate Aminotransferase | 173 | ||
| SGPT; See Alanine Aminotransferase | 175 | ||
| Sickle Cell Test | 175 | ||
| Smooth Muscle Antibody | 175 | ||
| Sodium (Serum) | 175 | ||
| Streptozyme; See Antistreptolysin O Titer | 176 | ||
| Sucrose Hemolysis Test (Sugar Water Test) | 176 | ||
| Sudan III Stain (Qualitative Screening for Fecal Fat) | 176 | ||
| T3 (Triiodothyronine) | 176 | ||
| T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU) | 176 | ||
| T4, Serum T4, and Free (Free Thyroxine) | 177 | ||
| Serum Free T4 | 177 | ||
| Tegretol; See Carbamazepine | 177 | ||
| Testosterone | 177 | ||
| Theophylline | 178 | ||
| Thiamine | 178 | ||
| Thoracentesis Fluid | 178 | ||
| Thrombin Time (TT) | 179 | ||
| Thyroglobulin | 179 | ||
| Thyroid Binding Globulin (TBG) | 179 | ||
| Thyroid Microsomal Antibodies | 179 | ||
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | 180 | ||
| Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone [TSH]) Receptor Antibodies | 181 | ||
| Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Stimulation Test | 181 | ||
| TIBC; See Iron-binding Capacity | 181 | ||
| Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody | 181 | ||
| Transferrin | 182 | ||
| Triglycerides | 182 | ||
| Triiodothyronine; See T3 | 182 | ||
| Troponins, Serum | 182 | ||
| TSH; See Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone | 182 | ||
| TT; See Thrombin Time | 182 | ||
| Unconjugated Bilirubin; See Bilirubin, Indirect | 182 | ||
| Urea Nitrogen | 183 | ||
| Uric Acid (Serum) | 183 | ||
| Urinalysis | 183 | ||
| Urine Amylase | 184 | ||
| Urine Bile | 184 | ||
| Urine Calcium | 184 | ||
| Urine cAMP | 184 | ||
| Urine Catecholamines | 184 | ||
| Urine Chloride | 184 | ||
| Urine Copper | 185 | ||
| Urine Cortisol, Free | 185 | ||
| Urine Creatinine (24-Hour) | 185 | ||
| Urine Crystals | 185 | ||
| Urine Eosinophils | 185 | ||
| Urine Glucose (Qualitative) | 185 | ||
| Urine Hemoglobin, Free | 185 | ||
| Urine Hemosiderin | 185 | ||
| Urine 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid (Urine 5-HIAA) | 185 | ||
| Urine Indican | 186 | ||
| Urine Ketones (Semiquantitative) | 186 | ||
| Urine Metanephrines | 186 | ||
| Urine Myoglobin | 186 | ||
| Urine Nitrite | 186 | ||
| Urine Occult Blood | 186 | ||
| Urine Osmolality | 186 | ||
| Urine pH | 186 | ||
| Urine Phosphate | 187 | ||
| Urine Potassium | 187 | ||
| Urine Protein (Quantitative) | 187 | ||
| Urine Sodium (Quantitative) | 187 | ||
| Urine Specific Gravity | 188 | ||
| Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) | 188 | ||
| Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Serologic Testing | 188 | ||
| Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) | 188 | ||
| Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL) | 188 | ||
| VIP; See Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 188 | ||
| Viscosity (Serum) | 188 | ||
| Vitamin B12 | 189 | ||
| Vitamin D, 1,25 Dihydroxy Calciferol, Vitamin D 25(OH)D (25- Hydroxyvitamin D) | 189 | ||
| Vitamin K | 189 | ||
| Von Willebrand’s Factor | 189 | ||
| WBCs; See Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count | 189 | ||
| Westergren; See Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | 189 | ||
| White Blood Cell Count; See Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count | 189 | ||
| d-Xylose Absorption | 189 | ||
| References | 189 | ||
| Section III - Diseases and Disorders | 191 | ||
| Acronyms | 194 | ||
| 1. Abdominal Abscess (Fig. 3-1) | 197 | ||
| 2. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (Fig. 3-3) | 198 | ||
| 3. Achalasia (Fig. 3-5) | 199 | ||
| 4. Acid-Base Disorders (Figs. 3-8 and 3-9) | 200 | ||
| 5. Acute Kidney Injury (Fig. 3-10) | 203 | ||
| 6. Addison’s Disease (Adrenal Insufficiency) (Fig. 3-11) | 204 | ||
| 7. Adrenal Mass (Fig. 3-12) | 205 | ||
| 8. Alkaline Phosphatase Elevation (Fig. 3-14) | 206 | ||
| 9. ALT/AST Elevation (Fig. 3-15) | 207 | ||
| 10. Amenorrhea, Primary (Fig. 3-16) | 208 | ||
| 11. Amenorrhea, Secondary (Fig. 3-17) | 209 | ||
| 12. Anemia, Macrocytic (Fig. 3-18) | 210 | ||
| 13. Anemia, Microcytic (Fig. 3-19) | 211 | ||
| 14. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)–Positive (Fig. 3-20) | 212 | ||
| 15. Aortic Dissection (Fig. 3-21) | 213 | ||
| 16. Appendicitis (Fig. 3-25) | 215 | ||
| 17. Ascites (Fig. 3-27) | 216 | ||
| 18. Avascular Necrosis (Fig. 3-29) | 220 | ||
| 19. Back Pain, Acute, Lumbosacral (LS) Area (Fig. 3-31) | 221 | ||
| 20. Bilirubin Elevation (Fig. 3-32) | 222 | ||
| 21. Bleeding Disorder, Congenital (Fig. 3-33) | 223 | ||
| 22. Brain Abscess (Fig. 3-34) | 224 | ||
| 23. Breast Mass (Fig. 3-36) | 225 | ||
| 24. Carcinoid Syndrome (Fig. 3-38) | 227 | ||
| 25. Cardiomegaly on Chest Radiograph (Fig. 3-40) | 228 | ||
| 26. Cholangitis (Fig. 3-42) | 230 | ||
| 27. Cholecystitis (Fig. 3-44) | 232 | ||
| 28. Cholelithiasis (Fig. 3-47) | 234 | ||
| 29. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy [RSD]) (Fig. 3-49) | 235 | ||
| 30. Constipation (Fig. 3-51) | 237 | ||
| 31. Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) Elevation (Fig. 3-52) | 238 | ||
| 32. Cushing’s Syndrome (Fig. 3-53, Table 3-4) | 239 | ||
| 33. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (Fig. 3-54) | 242 | ||
| 34. Delayed Puberty (Fig. 3-56) | 244 | ||
| 35. Delirium (Fig. 3-57) | 244 | ||
| 36. Diarrhea (Fig. 3-58) | 245 | ||
| 37. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (Fig. 3-59) | 247 | ||
| 38. Diverticulitis (Fig. 3-60) | 248 | ||
| 39. Dyspepsia (Fig. 3-62) | 249 | ||
| 40. Dyspnea (Fig. 3-63) | 250 | ||
| 41. Dysuria (Fig. 3-64) | 251 | ||
| 42. Ectopic Pregnancy (Fig. 3-65) | 252 | ||
| 43. Edema, Lower Extremity (Fig. 3-68) | 254 | ||
| 44. Endocarditis, Infective (Fig. 3-69, Table 3-6) | 256 | ||
| 45. Endometriosis (Fig. 3-70) | 258 | ||
| 46. Epiglottitis (Fig. 3-72) | 259 | ||
| 47. Fatigue (Fig. 3-74) | 261 | ||
| 48. Fever of Undetermined Origin (FUO) (Fig. 3-75) | 262 | ||
| 49. Galactorrhea (Fig. 3-76) | 263 | ||
| 50. Genital Lesions/Ulcers (Fig. 3-78) | 265 | ||
| 51. Goiter (Fig. 3-79) | 266 | ||
| 52. Gynecomastia (Fig. 3-80) | 267 | ||
| 53. Hearing Loss (Fig. 3-81) | 268 | ||
| 54. Hematuria (Fig. 3-82) | 269 | ||
| 55. Hemochromatosis (Fig. 3-84) | 271 | ||
| 56. Hemoptysis (Fig. 3-85) | 272 | ||
| 57. Hepatomegaly (Fig. 3-87) | 273 | ||
| 58. Hirsutism (Fig. 3-88) | 274 | ||
| 59. Hyperaldosteronism (Fig. 3-89) | 275 | ||
| 60. Hypercalcemia (Fig. 3-90) | 276 | ||
| 61. Hyperkalemia (Fig. 3-91) | 277 | ||
| 62. Hypermagnesemia (Fig. 3-92) | 279 | ||
| 63. Hypernatremia (Fig. 3-93) | 279 | ||
| 64. Hyperphosphatemia (Fig. 3-94) | 280 | ||
| 65. Hyperthyroidism (Fig. 3-95) | 281 | ||
| 66. Hypocalcemia (Fig. 3-96) | 282 | ||
| 67. Hypoglycemia (Fig. 3-97) | 283 | ||
| 68. Hypogonadism (Fig. 3-100) | 284 | ||
| 69. Hypokalemia (Fig. 3-101) | 286 | ||
| 70. Hypomagnesemia (Fig. 3-102) | 287 | ||
| 71. Hyponatremia (Fig. 3-103) | 288 | ||
| 72. Hypophosphatemia (Fig. 3-104) | 289 | ||
| 73. Hypothyroidism (Fig. 3-105) | 290 | ||
| 74. Infertility (Fig. 3-106) | 291 | ||
| 75. Jaundice (Fig. 3-108) | 293 | ||
| 76. Joint Effusion (Fig. 3-109) | 294 | ||
| 77. Liver Function Test Elevations (Fig. 3-110) | 295 | ||
| 78. Liver Mass (Fig. 3-111) | 297 | ||
| 79. Lymphadenopathy, Generalized (Fig. 3-112) | 298 | ||
| 80. Malabsorption, Suspected (Fig. 3-114) | 299 | ||
| 81. Meningioma (Fig. 3-115) | 301 | ||
| 82. Mesenteric Ischemia (Fig. 3-117) | 302 | ||
| 83. Mesothelioma (Fig. 3-119) | 303 | ||
| 84. Metabolic Acidosis (Fig. 3-121) | 304 | ||
| 85. Metabolic Alkalosis (Fig. 3-122) | 305 | ||
| 86. Microcytosis (Fig. 3-123) | 306 | ||
| 87. Multiple Myeloma (Fig. 3-124) | 307 | ||
| 88. Multiple Sclerosis (Fig. 3-125) | 308 | ||
| 89. Myalgias (Fig. 3-128) | 309 | ||
| 90. Muscle Weakness (Fig. 3-129) | 310 | ||
| 91. Neck Mass (Fig. 3-130) | 311 | ||
| 92. Neuropathy (Fig. 3-131) | 312 | ||
| 93. Neutropenia (Fig. 3-132) | 313 | ||
| 94. Osteomyelitis (Fig. 3-133) | 314 | ||
| 95. Pancreatic Mass (Fig. 3-135) | 315 | ||
| 96. Pancreatitis, Acute (Fig. 3-137) | 316 | ||
| 97. Parapharyngeal Abscess (Fig. 3-139) | 318 | ||
| 98. Pelvic Mass (Fig. 3-141) | 319 | ||
| 99. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) (Fig. 3-143) | 320 | ||
| 100. Pheochromocytoma (Fig. 3-145) | 322 | ||
| 101. Pituitary Adenoma (Fig. 3-146) | 323 | ||
| 102. Pleural Effusion (Fig. 3-149) | 326 | ||
| 103. Polyarteritis Nodosa (Fig. 3-152) | 328 | ||
| 104. Polycythemia (Fig. 3-154) | 329 | ||
| 105. Portal Vein Thrombosis (Fig. 3-155) | 330 | ||
| 106. Precocious Puberty (Fig. 3-157) | 332 | ||
| 107. Proteinuria (Fig. 3-158) | 334 | ||
| 108. Pruritus, Generalized (Fig. 3-159) | 335 | ||
| 109. Pulmonary Embolism (Fig. 3-160, Table 3-10) | 336 | ||
| 110. Pulmonary Hypertension (Fig. 3-162) | 338 | ||
| 111. Pulmonary Nodule (Fig. 3-164) | 340 | ||
| 112. Purpura (Fig. 3-165) | 341 | ||
| 113. Renal Artery Stenosis (Fig. 3-166) | 342 | ||
| 114. Renal Mass (Fig. 3-168) | 343 | ||
| 115. Rotator Cuff Tear (Fig. 3-170) | 344 | ||
| 116. Sarcoidosis (Fig. 3-173) | 345 | ||
| 117. Scrotal Mass (Fig. 3-175) | 346 | ||
| 118. Small-Bowel Obstruction (Fig. 3-177) | 347 | ||
| 119. Spinal Epidural Abscess (Fig. 3-180) | 349 | ||
| 120. Splenomegaly (Fig. 3-182) | 350 | ||
| 121. Stroke (Fig. 3-184) | 352 | ||
| 122. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Fig. 3-187) | 354 | ||
| 123. Subclavian Steal Syndrome (Fig. 3-190) | 355 | ||
| 124. Subdural Hematoma (Fig. 3-192) | 357 | ||
| 125. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (Fig. 3-194) | 359 | ||
| 126. Syncope (Fig. 3-198) | 361 | ||
| 127. Testicular Torsion (Fig. 3-200) | 363 | ||
| 128. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Fig. 3-203) | 364 | ||
| 129. Thrombocytopenia (Fig. 3-205) | 366 | ||
| 130. Thrombocytosis (Fig. 3-206) | 367 | ||
| 131. Thyroid Nodule (Fig. 3-207) | 368 | ||
| 132. Thyroiditis (Fig. 3-208) | 369 | ||
| 133. Tinnitus (Fig. 3-210) | 370 | ||
| 134. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) (Fig. 3-211) | 371 | ||
| 135. Urethral Discharge (Fig. 3-212) | 372 | ||
| 136. Urolithiasis (Fig. 3-213) | 373 | ||
| 137. Urticaria (Fig. 3-215) | 374 | ||
| 138. Vaginal Discharge (Fig. 3-216) | 375 | ||
| 139. Vertigo (Fig. 3-217) | 376 | ||
| 140. Viral Hepatitis (Fig. 3-218) | 377 | ||
| 141. Wegener’s Granulomatosis (Fig. 3-219) | 378 | ||
| 142. Weight Gain (Fig. 3-221) | 379 | ||
| 143. Weight Loss, Involuntary (Fig. 3-222) | 380 | ||
| References | 381 | ||
| Index | 383 | ||
| IBC | IBC |