Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
With concise, focused coverage of community health nursing, Foundations of Nursing in the Community: Community-Oriented Practice, 4th Edition provides essential information for community practice — from nursing roles and care settings to vulnerable population groups. The book uses a practical, community-oriented approach and places an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Practical application of concepts is highlighted throughout the text in case studies, critical thinking activities, QSEN competencies, and Healthy People 2020 objectives.
- Evidence-Based Practice boxes highlight current research findings, their application to practice, and how community/public health nurses can apply the study results.
- Levels of Prevention boxes identify specific nursing interventions at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, to reinforce the concept of prevention as it pertains to community and public health care.
- Focus on health promotion throughout the text emphasizes initiatives, strategies, and interventions that promote the health of the community.
- Clinical Application scenarios offer realistic situations with questions and answers to help you apply chapter concepts to practice in the community.
- Case Studies provide client scenarios within the community/public health setting to help you develop assessment and critical thinking skills.
- What Would You Do? boxes present problem-solving challenges that encourage both independent and collaborative thinking required in community settings.
- How To boxes offer specific instructions on nursing interventions.
- NEW! QSEN boxes illustrate how quality and safety goals, competencies, objectives, knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be applied in nursing practice in the community.
- NEW! Feature box on Linking Content to Practice highlights how chapter content is applied in the role of public/community health nursing.
- NEW! Healthy People 2020 objectives in every chapter address the health priorities and emerging health issues expected in the next decade.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Inside front cover | IFC | ||
| Foundations of nursing in the community community-oriented practice fourth edition | i | ||
| Copyright page | ii | ||
| About The authors | iii | ||
| Dedication and acknowledgments | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Table of contents | xiii | ||
| 1 Perspectives in health care delivery and nursing | 1 | ||
| 1 Community-oriented nursing and community-based nursing | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Chapter outline | 1 | ||
| Key terms | 1 | ||
| What is public health? | 2 | ||
| Public health core functions defined | 4 | ||
| Population-focused nursing practice | 4 | ||
| Practice focusing on individuals, families, and groups | 9 | ||
| Community-oriented nursing | 10 | ||
| Community-based nursing | 10 | ||
| Challenges for The future | 11 | ||
| Clinical application | 12 | ||
| Remember this! | 12 | ||
| What would you do? | 12 | ||
| Additional resources | 12 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| 2 The history of public health and public and community health nursing | 14 | ||
| Objectives | 14 | ||
| Chapter outline | 14 | ||
| Key terms | 14 | ||
| Early public health | 15 | ||
| Public health during america’s colonial period and the new republic | 15 | ||
| Nightingale and the origins of trained nursing | 16 | ||
| Continued growth in public health nursing | 19 | ||
| Public health nursing during the early twentieth century | 20 | ||
| African-american nurses in public health nursing | 22 | ||
| Economic depression and the impact on public health | 22 | ||
| From world war II until the 1970s | 24 | ||
| Public health nursing from the 1970s to the Present | 25 | ||
| Clinical application | 29 | ||
| Remember this! | 30 | ||
| What would you do? | 30 | ||
| Additional resources | 31 | ||
| References | 31 | ||
| 3 The U.S. health and public health care systems | 33 | ||
| Objectives | 33 | ||
| Chapter outline | 33 | ||
| Key terms | 33 | ||
| Forces stimulating change in the demand for health care | 34 | ||
| Demographic trends | 34 | ||
| Social and economic trends | 35 | ||
| Health workforce trends | 35 | ||
| Technological trends | 36 | ||
| Current health care system in the United States | 37 | ||
| Cost | 37 | ||
| Access | 37 | ||
| Quality | 38 | ||
| Organization of The health care system | 39 | ||
| Primary health care | 39 | ||
| Promoting health and preventing disease: Year 2020 objectives for The nation | 39 | ||
| Public Health System | 40 | ||
| The Federal System | 40 | ||
| Department of Agriculture | 43 | ||
| Department of Justice | 44 | ||
| Department of Commerce | 44 | ||
| Department of Defense | 44 | ||
| The State System | 44 | ||
| The Local System | 44 | ||
| Forces influencing the health care system of the future | 45 | ||
| Clinical application | 47 | ||
| Remember this! | 48 | ||
| What would you do? | 48 | ||
| Additional resources | 48 | ||
| References | 49 | ||
| 2 Influences on health care delivery and nursing | 51 | ||
| 4 Ethics in community health nursing practice | 51 | ||
| Objectives | 51 | ||
| Chapter outline | 51 | ||
| Key terms | 51 | ||
| Introduction to the history of ethics and bioethics: Relationship to nursing and public health | 52 | ||
| Ethical decision making | 53 | ||
| Ethics | 55 | ||
| Definition, theories, principles | 55 | ||
| Virtue ethics | 58 | ||
| Feminist ethics | 59 | ||
| Ethics and the core functions of public health nursing | 60 | ||
| Assessment | 60 | ||
| Policy development | 60 | ||
| Assurance | 60 | ||
| Nursing code of ethics | 61 | ||
| Public health code of ethics | 62 | ||
| Advocacy and ethics | 63 | ||
| Definitions, codes, standards | 63 | ||
| Conceptual framework for advocacy | 64 | ||
| Practical framework for advocacy | 64 | ||
| Advocacy and bioterrorism | 64 | ||
| Advocacy and health care reform | 64 | ||
| Clinical application | 65 | ||
| Remember this! | 65 | ||
| What would you do? | 66 | ||
| Additional resources | 66 | ||
| References | 66 | ||
| 5 Cultural influences in nursing in Community health | 68 | ||
| Objectives | 68 | ||
| Chapter outline | 68 | ||
| Key terms | 68 | ||
| Immigrant health issues | 69 | ||
| Culture, race, and ethnicity | 72 | ||
| Culture | 72 | ||
| Race | 73 | ||
| Ethnicity | 73 | ||
| Cultural competence | 73 | ||
| Developing cultural competence | 75 | ||
| Cultural awareness | 75 | ||
| Cultural knowledge | 76 | ||
| Cultural skill | 77 | ||
| Cultural encounter | 77 | ||
| Cultural desire | 77 | ||
| Dimensions of cultural competence | 78 | ||
| Cultural preservation | 78 | ||
| Cultural accommodation | 78 | ||
| Cultural repatterning | 78 | ||
| Cultural brokering | 79 | ||
| Inhibitors to developing cultural competence | 79 | ||
| Cultural nursing assessment | 79 | ||
| Cultural groups’ differences | 81 | ||
| Communication | 81 | ||
| Using an interpreter | 82 | ||
| Space | 83 | ||
| Social organization | 83 | ||
| Time perception | 83 | ||
| Environmental control | 83 | ||
| Biological variations | 84 | ||
| Culture and nutrition | 84 | ||
| Culture and socioeconomic factors | 85 | ||
| Clinical application | 85 | ||
| Remember this! | 86 | ||
| What would you do? | 86 | ||
| Additional resources | 87 | ||
| References | 87 | ||
| 6 Environmental health | 89 | ||
| Objectives | 89 | ||
| Chapter outline | 89 | ||
| Key terms | 89 | ||
| Historical context | 91 | ||
| Environmental health sciences | 92 | ||
| Toxicology | 92 | ||
| Epidemiology | 93 | ||
| Multidisciplinary approaches | 93 | ||
| Environmental health assessment | 94 | ||
| Air | 94 | ||
| Water | 96 | ||
| Land | 96 | ||
| Food | 97 | ||
| The right to know | 97 | ||
| Risk assessment | 98 | ||
| Assessing environmental health risks in children | 99 | ||
| Reducing Environmental health risks | 100 | ||
| Risk communication | 101 | ||
| Ethics | 102 | ||
| Government Environmental protection | 102 | ||
| Advocacy | 104 | ||
| Environmental justice and environmental health disparities | 104 | ||
| Unique environmental health threats in the health care industry: New opportunities for advocacy | 104 | ||
| Referral resources | 105 | ||
| Roles for nurses in environmental health | 105 | ||
| Clinical application | 106 | ||
| Remember this! | 106 | ||
| What would you do? | 107 | ||
| Additional resources | 107 | ||
| References | 107 | ||
| 7 Government, the law, and policy activism | 109 | ||
| Objectives | 109 | ||
| Chapter outline | 109 | ||
| Key terms | 109 | ||
| Definitions | 110 | ||
| Governmental role in U.S. health care | 110 | ||
| Trends and shifts in governmental roles | 111 | ||
| Government health care functions | 112 | ||
| Direct services | 112 | ||
| Financing | 112 | ||
| Information | 113 | ||
| Policy setting | 113 | ||
| Public protection | 113 | ||
| Healthy people 2020: An example of national health policy guidance | 113 | ||
| Organizations and agencies that influence health | 114 | ||
| International organizations | 114 | ||
| Federal health agencies | 115 | ||
| U.S. department of health and human services | 115 | ||
| Federal nonhealth agencies | 117 | ||
| State and local health departments | 117 | ||
| Impact of government health functions and structures on nursing | 118 | ||
| The law and health care | 118 | ||
| Constitutional law | 119 | ||
| Legislation and regulation | 119 | ||
| Judicial and common law | 119 | ||
| Laws specific to nursing practice | 119 | ||
| Scope of practice | 119 | ||
| Professional negligence | 120 | ||
| Legal issues affecting health care practices | 120 | ||
| School and family health | 120 | ||
| Occupational health | 121 | ||
| Home care and hospice | 121 | ||
| Correctional health | 121 | ||
| The nurse’s role in the policy process | 121 | ||
| Legislative action | 122 | ||
| Regulatory action | 124 | ||
| The process of regulation | 124 | ||
| Nursing advocacy | 125 | ||
| Clinical application | 126 | ||
| Remember this! | 126 | ||
| What would you do? | 127 | ||
| Additional resources | 127 | ||
| References | 127 | ||
| 8 Economic influences | 129 | ||
| Objectives | 129 | ||
| Chapter outline | 129 | ||
| Key terms | 129 | ||
| Public health and economics | 130 | ||
| Factors affecting resource allocation in health care | 131 | ||
| The uninsured | 131 | ||
| The poor | 132 | ||
| Access to care | 132 | ||
| Rationing health care | 133 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 | 133 | ||
| Primary prevention | 133 | ||
| The context of the U.S. health system | 134 | ||
| First phase | 134 | ||
| Second phase | 135 | ||
| Third phase | 136 | ||
| Fourth phase | 136 | ||
| Challenges for the twenty-first century | 137 | ||
| Trends in health care spending | 138 | ||
| Factors influencing health care costs | 139 | ||
| Demographics affecting health care | 139 | ||
| Technology and intensity | 140 | ||
| Chronic illness | 140 | ||
| Financing of health care | 140 | ||
| Public support | 140 | ||
| Medicare | 140 | ||
| Medicaid | 143 | ||
| Public health | 143 | ||
| Other public support | 143 | ||
| Private support | 144 | ||
| Evolution of health insurance | 144 | ||
| Employers | 144 | ||
| Individuals | 145 | ||
| Managed care arrangements | 145 | ||
| Medical savings accounts | 146 | ||
| Health care payment systems | 146 | ||
| Paying health care organizations | 146 | ||
| Paying health care practitioners | 146 | ||
| Reimbursement for nursing services | 146 | ||
| Economics and the future of nursing practice | 147 | ||
| Clinical application | 147 | ||
| Remember this! | 147 | ||
| What would you do? | 148 | ||
| Additional resources | 148 | ||
| References | 149 | ||
| 3 Conceptual frameworks applied to nursing practice in the community | 150 | ||
| 9 Epidemiological applications | 150 | ||
| Objectives | 150 | ||
| Chapter outline | 150 | ||
| Key terms | 150 | ||
| Definitions | 151 | ||
| History | 152 | ||
| How nurses use epidemiology | 154 | ||
| Basic concepts in epidemiology | 155 | ||
| Measures of morbidity and mortality | 155 | ||
| Rates, proportions, and risk | 155 | ||
| Measures of incidence | 156 | ||
| Prevalence proportion | 157 | ||
| Incidence and prevalence compared | 157 | ||
| Attack rate | 158 | ||
| Mortality rates | 158 | ||
| Epidemiologic triangle: Agent, host, and environment | 159 | ||
| Levels of preventive interventions | 160 | ||
| Screening | 161 | ||
| Reliability and validity | 162 | ||
| Reliability | 162 | ||
| Validity: Sensitivity and specificity | 162 | ||
| Basic methods in epidemiology | 163 | ||
| Sources of data | 163 | ||
| Routinely collected data | 163 | ||
| Data collected for other purposes | 163 | ||
| Epidemiological data | 163 | ||
| Rate adjustment | 164 | ||
| Comparison groups | 164 | ||
| Descriptive epidemiology | 164 | ||
| Person | 164 | ||
| Place | 165 | ||
| Time | 165 | ||
| Secular changes | 165 | ||
| Analytic epidemiology | 166 | ||
| Cohort studies | 167 | ||
| Prospective cohort studies | 167 | ||
| Retrospective cohort studies | 168 | ||
| Case-control studies | 168 | ||
| Cross-sectional studies | 169 | ||
| Ecological studies | 169 | ||
| Experimental studies | 169 | ||
| Clinical trials | 170 | ||
| Community trials | 170 | ||
| Causality | 170 | ||
| Statistical associations | 170 | ||
| Bias | 170 | ||
| Assessing for causality | 171 | ||
| Applications of epidemiology in nursing | 171 | ||
| Clinical application | 172 | ||
| Remember this! | 172 | ||
| What would you do? | 173 | ||
| Additional resources | 173 | ||
| References | 173 | ||
| 10 Evidence-based practice | 175 | ||
| Objectives | 175 | ||
| Chapter outline | 175 | ||
| Key terms | 175 | ||
| Definition of evidence-based practice | 176 | ||
| History of evidence-based practice | 176 | ||
| Types of evidence | 177 | ||
| Factors leading to change or barriers to evidence-based practice | 178 | ||
| Steps in the evidence-based practice process | 178 | ||
| Approaches to finding evidence | 179 | ||
| Approaches to evaluating evidence | 181 | ||
| Approaches to implementing evidence-based practice | 182 | ||
| Current perspectives | 183 | ||
| Cost versus quality | 183 | ||
| Individual differences | 183 | ||
| Appropriate evidence-based practice methods for community-oriented nursing practice | 183 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 objectives | 183 | ||
| Example of application of evidence-based practice to public health nursing | 185 | ||
| Clinical application | 185 | ||
| Remember this! | 186 | ||
| What would you do? | 186 | ||
| Additional resources | 186 | ||
| References | 186 | ||
| 11 Using health education and groups in the Community | 188 | ||
| Objectives | 188 | ||
| Chapter outline | 188 | ||
| Key terms | 188 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 objectives for health education | 189 | ||
| Education and learning | 190 | ||
| How people learn | 190 | ||
| The nature of learning | 190 | ||
| Cognitive domain | 190 | ||
| Affective domain | 191 | ||
| Psychomotor domain | 191 | ||
| The educational process | 192 | ||
| Identify educational needs | 192 | ||
| Establish educational goals and objectives | 192 | ||
| Select appropriate educational methods | 192 | ||
| Skills of the effective educator | 194 | ||
| Motivational interviewing | 195 | ||
| Developing effective health education programs | 196 | ||
| Educational issues and barriers to learning | 197 | ||
| Population considerations based on age and cultural and ethnic backgrounds | 197 | ||
| Educator-related barriers | 198 | ||
| Learner-related barriers | 198 | ||
| Use of technology in health education | 200 | ||
| Evaluation of the educational process | 200 | ||
| Evaluation of health and behavioral changes | 201 | ||
| Groups: A tool in health education | 201 | ||
| Group: Definitions and concepts | 202 | ||
| Definitions | 202 | ||
| Concepts | 202 | ||
| Stages of group development | 204 | ||
| Choosing groups for health change | 204 | ||
| Beginning interactions | 206 | ||
| Conflict | 206 | ||
| Evaluation of group progress | 207 | ||
| Implementing or implementation of the educational plan | 207 | ||
| Clinical application | 207 | ||
| Remember this! | 207 | ||
| What would you do? | 208 | ||
| Additional resources | 208 | ||
| References | 209 | ||
| 4 Issues and approaches in health care populations | 210 | ||
| 12 Community assessment and evaluation | 210 | ||
| Objectives | 210 | ||
| Chapter outline | 210 | ||
| Key terms | 210 | ||
| What is a Community? | 211 | ||
| Community as client | 213 | ||
| The Community as client and partner in nursing practice | 213 | ||
| Goals and means of community-oriented practice | 214 | ||
| Community health | 214 | ||
| Status | 214 | ||
| Structure | 215 | ||
| Process | 215 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 | 215 | ||
| Community partnerships | 215 | ||
| Strategies to improve community health | 217 | ||
| Community-focused nursing process: An overview of the process from assessment to evaluation | 218 | ||
| Assessing community health | 218 | ||
| Data collection and interpretation | 219 | ||
| Data-collection methods | 219 | ||
| Community reconnaissance | 221 | ||
| Assessment issues | 222 | ||
| Identifying community problems | 222 | ||
| Planning for community health | 223 | ||
| Problem analysis | 223 | ||
| Problem priorities | 223 | ||
| Establishing goals and objectives | 224 | ||
| Identifying intervention activities | 224 | ||
| Implementation in the community | 225 | ||
| Factors influencing implementation | 225 | ||
| Evaluating the intervention for community health | 227 | ||
| Role of outcomes in the evaluation phase | 227 | ||
| Personal safety in community practice | 227 | ||
| Examples of tables describing the process of a community assessment | 228 | ||
| Clinical application | 229 | ||
| Remember this! | 230 | ||
| What would you do? | 230 | ||
| Additional resources | 230 | ||
| References | 231 | ||
| 13 Case management | 232 | ||
| Objectives | 232 | ||
| Chapter outline | 232 | ||
| Key terms | 232 | ||
| Concepts of case management | 233 | ||
| Definitions of case management | 233 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 and the case management process | 234 | ||
| Case management and the nursing process | 234 | ||
| Characteristics and roles | 235 | ||
| Knowledge and skill requirements | 235 | ||
| Tools of case managers | 235 | ||
| Community models of case management | 238 | ||
| Advocacy, conflict management, and collaboration skills for case managers | 239 | ||
| Advocacy | 239 | ||
| Process of advocacy | 239 | ||
| Skill development | 240 | ||
| Systematic problem solving | 241 | ||
| Impact of advocacy | 241 | ||
| Conflict management | 241 | ||
| Collaboration | 242 | ||
| Issues in case management | 243 | ||
| Legal issues | 243 | ||
| Ethical issues | 243 | ||
| Clinical application | 245 | ||
| Remember this! | 245 | ||
| What would you do? | 246 | ||
| Additional resources | 246 | ||
| References | 246 | ||
| 14 Disaster management | 248 | ||
| Objectives | 248 | ||
| Chapter outline | 248 | ||
| Key terms | 248 | ||
| Disasters | 248 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 objectives | 250 | ||
| The disaster management cycle and the nursing role | 250 | ||
| Prevention (mitigation) | 251 | ||
| Preparedness | 252 | ||
| Personal preparedness | 252 | ||
| Professional preparedness | 253 | ||
| Community preparedness | 254 | ||
| The national health security strategy | 255 | ||
| Response | 256 | ||
| National response framework | 256 | ||
| National incident management system | 256 | ||
| Response to bioterrorism | 256 | ||
| How disasters affect communities | 257 | ||
| Role of the nurse in disaster response | 259 | ||
| Shelter management | 260 | ||
| International relief efforts | 261 | ||
| Psychological stress of disaster workers | 261 | ||
| Recovery | 262 | ||
| Role of the nurse in disaster recovery | 262 | ||
| Future of disaster management | 263 | ||
| Clinical application | 263 | ||
| Remember this! | 264 | ||
| What would you do? | 264 | ||
| Additional resources | 264 | ||
| References | 264 | ||
| 15 Surveillance and outbreak investigation | 266 | ||
| Objectives | 266 | ||
| Chapter outline | 266 | ||
| Key terms | 266 | ||
| Disease surveillance | 267 | ||
| Definitions and importance | 267 | ||
| Uses of public health surveillance | 267 | ||
| Purposes of surveillance | 267 | ||
| Collaboration among partners | 268 | ||
| Nurse competencies | 268 | ||
| Data sources for surveillance | 268 | ||
| National notifiable diseases | 269 | ||
| State notifiable diseases | 269 | ||
| Types of surveillance systems | 269 | ||
| Passive system | 269 | ||
| Active system | 269 | ||
| Sentinel system | 271 | ||
| Special systems | 271 | ||
| The investigation | 271 | ||
| Investigation objectives | 271 | ||
| Defining the magnitude of a problem or an event | 271 | ||
| Patterns of occurrence | 272 | ||
| Causal factors from the epidemiologic triangle | 272 | ||
| When to Investigate | 272 | ||
| Interventions and protection | 273 | ||
| Clinical application | 273 | ||
| Remember this! | 273 | ||
| What would you do? | 274 | ||
| Additional resources | 274 | ||
| References | 274 | ||
| 16 Program management | 276 | ||
| Objectives | 276 | ||
| Chapter outline | 276 | ||
| Key terms | 276 | ||
| Definitions and goals | 277 | ||
| Benefits of program planning | 277 | ||
| Planning process | 277 | ||
| Basic program planning | 277 | ||
| Definition of problem and need | 277 | ||
| Identify objectives and activities for alternatives | 281 | ||
| Evaluate problem solutions | 281 | ||
| Choose The solution | 281 | ||
| Program planning models for public health | 281 | ||
| Program evaluation | 282 | ||
| Benefits of program evaluation | 282 | ||
| Evaluation process | 282 | ||
| Formulation of objectives | 283 | ||
| Specifying objectives (goals) | 283 | ||
| Levels of program objectives | 283 | ||
| Sources of program evaluation | 283 | ||
| Aspects of program evaluation | 284 | ||
| Relevance | 284 | ||
| Adequacy | 284 | ||
| Progress | 284 | ||
| Efficiency | 284 | ||
| Effectiveness and impact | 285 | ||
| Sustainability | 285 | ||
| Clinical application | 286 | ||
| Remember this! | 286 | ||
| What would you do? | 286 | ||
| Additional resources | 287 | ||
| References | 287 | ||
| 17 Managing quality and safety | 288 | ||
| Objectives | 288 | ||
| Chapter outline | 288 | ||
| Key terms | 288 | ||
| Historical developments | 290 | ||
| Quality and nursing practice | 290 | ||
| Definitions and goals | 291 | ||
| What is quality? | 291 | ||
| How does quality assurance relate to total quality management? | 291 | ||
| Approaches to quality improvement | 292 | ||
| General approaches | 292 | ||
| Specific approaches | 293 | ||
| Total quality management and continuous quality improvement | 294 | ||
| Traditional quality assurance | 295 | ||
| Professional review organizations | 297 | ||
| Evaluative studies | 297 | ||
| Model continuous quality improvement program | 298 | ||
| Structure | 298 | ||
| Process | 299 | ||
| Outcome | 300 | ||
| Evaluation, interpretation, and action | 300 | ||
| Documentation | 301 | ||
| Records | 302 | ||
| Community health agency records | 302 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 and quality health care | 302 | ||
| Clinical application | 303 | ||
| Remember this! | 303 | ||
| What would you do? | 303 | ||
| Additional resources | 304 | ||
| References | 304 | ||
| 5 Issues and approaches in family and individual health care | 306 | ||
| 18 Family development and family nursing assessment | 306 | ||
| Objectives | 306 | ||
| Chapter outline | 306 | ||
| Key terms | 306 | ||
| Family nursing in the Community | 307 | ||
| Family demographics | 307 | ||
| Definition of family | 307 | ||
| Family functions | 307 | ||
| Family structure | 308 | ||
| Family health | 309 | ||
| Family health, nonhealth, and resilience | 309 | ||
| Four approaches to family nursing | 310 | ||
| Theoretical frameworks for family nursing | 310 | ||
| Family systems theory | 310 | ||
| Family developmental and life cycle theory | 312 | ||
| Bioecological systems theory | 314 | ||
| Working with families for healthy outcomes | 314 | ||
| Data collection before the encounter | 315 | ||
| Determining where to meet the family | 315 | ||
| Making an appointment with the family | 315 | ||
| Planning for personal safety | 316 | ||
| Interviewing the family: Defining the problem | 316 | ||
| Designing family interventions | 316 | ||
| Evaluation of The plan | 318 | ||
| Family nursing assessment | 319 | ||
| Friedman family assessment model | 319 | ||
| Social and family policy challenges | 320 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 and family implications | 321 | ||
| Clinical application | 321 | ||
| Remember this! | 321 | ||
| What would you do? | 322 | ||
| Additional resources | 322 | ||
| References | 322 | ||
| 19 Family health risks | 324 | ||
| Objectives | 324 | ||
| Chapter outline | 324 | ||
| Key terms | 324 | ||
| Early approaches to family health risks | 326 | ||
| Health of families | 326 | ||
| Health of the nation | 326 | ||
| Concepts in family health risk | 326 | ||
| Family health | 326 | ||
| Health risk | 327 | ||
| Health risk appraisal | 327 | ||
| Health risk reduction | 327 | ||
| Family crisis | 328 | ||
| Major family health risks and nursing interventions | 328 | ||
| Family health risk appraisal | 328 | ||
| Biological and age-related risk | 329 | ||
| Biological health risk assessment | 330 | ||
| Genetics and family health risks | 332 | ||
| Environmental risk | 333 | ||
| Environmental risk assessment | 334 | ||
| Behavioral (lifestyle) risk | 334 | ||
| Behavioral (lifestyle) health risk assessment | 336 | ||
| Nursing approaches to family health risk reduction | 337 | ||
| Home visits | 337 | ||
| Purpose | 337 | ||
| Advantages and disadvantages | 337 | ||
| Process | 337 | ||
| Contracting with families | 340 | ||
| Purposes | 341 | ||
| Process of contracting | 341 | ||
| Advantages and disadvantages of contracting | 341 | ||
| Empowering families | 341 | ||
| Vulnerable population: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered families | 342 | ||
| Community resources | 343 | ||
| Clinical application | 344 | ||
| Remember this! | 344 | ||
| What would you do? | 345 | ||
| Additional resources | 345 | ||
| References | 345 | ||
| 20 Health risks across the life span | 347 | ||
| Objectives | 347 | ||
| Chapter outline | 347 | ||
| Key terms | 347 | ||
| Status of children | 348 | ||
| Children’s health and major public health issues | 348 | ||
| Obesity | 348 | ||
| Injuries and accidents | 350 | ||
| Developmental considerations | 351 | ||
| Injury and accident prevention | 352 | ||
| Child maltreatment | 352 | ||
| Alterations of behavior and mental health problems | 353 | ||
| Acute illnesses | 353 | ||
| Chronic health conditions | 354 | ||
| Target areas for prevention with children | 354 | ||
| Smoking | 355 | ||
| Nutrition | 355 | ||
| Immunizations | 355 | ||
| Environmental health hazards | 356 | ||
| Health policy, legislation, and ethics related to adult health | 356 | ||
| Ethical and legal issues and legislation for older adults | 357 | ||
| Major health issues and chronic disease management of adults across The life span | 357 | ||
| Health status indicators | 358 | ||
| Chronic disease | 359 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 359 | ||
| Hypertension | 359 | ||
| Stroke | 359 | ||
| Diabetes | 360 | ||
| Mental illness | 360 | ||
| Cancer | 360 | ||
| Weight control | 361 | ||
| Women’s health concerns | 361 | ||
| Reproductive health | 362 | ||
| Gestational diabetes | 362 | ||
| Menopause | 362 | ||
| Breast cancer | 362 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 363 | ||
| Men’s health concerns | 363 | ||
| Cancers unique to men | 363 | ||
| Erectile dysfunction | 364 | ||
| Health disparities among special groups of adults | 364 | ||
| Adults of color | 365 | ||
| Incarcerated adults | 365 | ||
| Lesbian and gay adults | 365 | ||
| Adults with physical and mental disabilities | 365 | ||
| Frail elderly | 366 | ||
| Family caregiving | 367 | ||
| Community-based models for care of adults | 367 | ||
| Community care settings | 368 | ||
| Senior centers | 368 | ||
| Adult day health | 368 | ||
| Home health and hospice | 368 | ||
| Assisted Living | 368 | ||
| Long-term care and rehabilitation | 368 | ||
| Clinical application | 368 | ||
| Remember this! | 369 | ||
| What would you do? | 369 | ||
| Additional resources | 370 | ||
| References | 370 | ||
| 6 Vulnerability: predisposing factors | 374 | ||
| 21 Vulnerability and vulnerable populations: An overview | 374 | ||
| Objectives | 374 | ||
| Chapter outline | 374 | ||
| Key terms | 374 | ||
| Vulnerability: Definition and influencing factors | 375 | ||
| Factors contributing to vulnerability | 376 | ||
| Social determinants of health | 376 | ||
| Health status | 378 | ||
| Outcomes of vulnerability | 378 | ||
| Public policies affecting vulnerable populations | 379 | ||
| Nursing approaches to care in the Community | 380 | ||
| Levels of prevention | 382 | ||
| Assessment issues | 382 | ||
| Planning and implementing care for vulnerable populations | 383 | ||
| Clinical application | 386 | ||
| Remember this! | 386 | ||
| What would you do? | 387 | ||
| Additional resources | 387 | ||
| References | 387 | ||
| 22 Rural health and migrant health | 389 | ||
| Objectives | 389 | ||
| Chapter outline | 389 | ||
| Key terms | 389 | ||
| Differences in rural versus urban | 390 | ||
| Population characteristics and cultural considerations | 391 | ||
| Health status of rural residents | 392 | ||
| Women’s health and maternal and infant health | 393 | ||
| Health of children | 393 | ||
| Mental health | 394 | ||
| Occupational and environmental health problems in rural areas | 394 | ||
| Pesticide exposure | 395 | ||
| Rural health care delivery issues and barriers to care | 395 | ||
| Health of minorities, particularly migrant farmworkers | 396 | ||
| Characteristics of migrant farmworkers | 396 | ||
| Migrant lifestyle | 398 | ||
| Housing | 398 | ||
| Issues in migrant health | 398 | ||
| Other specific health problems | 399 | ||
| Children of migrant workers | 399 | ||
| Cultural considerations in migrant health care | 400 | ||
| Nurse–client relationship | 400 | ||
| Health: Values, beliefs, and practices | 401 | ||
| Nursing care in rural environments | 402 | ||
| Healthy people 2020: related to rural health | 403 | ||
| Use of technology | 404 | ||
| Clinical application | 404 | ||
| Remember this! | 405 | ||
| What would you do? | 405 | ||
| Additional resources | 406 | ||
| References | 406 | ||
| 23 Poverty, homelessness, mental illness, and teen pregnancy | 408 | ||
| Objectives | 408 | ||
| Chapter outline | 408 | ||
| Key terms | 408 | ||
| Attitudes, beliefs, and media communication about vulnerable groups | 409 | ||
| Poverty: Definition and description | 409 | ||
| Poverty and health: Effects across the life span | 411 | ||
| Homelessness: Understanding The concept | 412 | ||
| Effects of homelessness on health | 413 | ||
| Homelessness and at-risk populations | 414 | ||
| Trends in adolescent sexual behavior and pregnancy | 415 | ||
| Background factors | 416 | ||
| Sexual activity, use of birth control, and peer and partner pressure | 416 | ||
| Other factors | 417 | ||
| Young men and paternity | 417 | ||
| Early identification of The pregnant teen | 418 | ||
| Special issues in caring for the pregnant teen | 418 | ||
| Violence | 419 | ||
| Nutrition | 419 | ||
| Infant care | 420 | ||
| Schooling and educational needs | 420 | ||
| Mental illness in the United States | 421 | ||
| Deinstitutionalization | 422 | ||
| At-risk populations for mental illness | 422 | ||
| Children and adolescents | 422 | ||
| Adults | 423 | ||
| Adults with serious mental illness | 423 | ||
| Older adults | 424 | ||
| Cultural diversity | 425 | ||
| Levels of prevention and the nurse | 426 | ||
| Role of The nurse | 426 | ||
| Clinical application | 428 | ||
| Remember this! | 429 | ||
| What would you do? | 429 | ||
| Additional resources | 430 | ||
| References | 430 | ||
| 24 Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems in the Community | 433 | ||
| Objectives | 433 | ||
| Chapter outline | 433 | ||
| Key terms | 433 | ||
| Scope of the problem | 434 | ||
| Definitions | 435 | ||
| Psychoactive drugs | 435 | ||
| Alcohol | 436 | ||
| Tobacco | 436 | ||
| Caffeine | 438 | ||
| Illicit drug use | 438 | ||
| Heroin | 438 | ||
| Cocaine | 438 | ||
| Amphetamines | 439 | ||
| Marijuana | 439 | ||
| Hallucinogens | 439 | ||
| Mdma (ecstasy) | 440 | ||
| Inhalants | 440 | ||
| Predisposing and contributing factors | 440 | ||
| Primary prevention and the role of the nurse | 441 | ||
| Drug education | 441 | ||
| Secondary prevention and the role of the nurse | 443 | ||
| Assessing for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems | 443 | ||
| Drug testing | 443 | ||
| High-risk groups | 444 | ||
| Adolescents | 444 | ||
| Older adults | 444 | ||
| Injection drug users | 445 | ||
| Drug use during pregnancy | 445 | ||
| Use of illicit drugs | 445 | ||
| Codependency and family involvement | 446 | ||
| Tertiary prevention and the role of the nurse | 446 | ||
| Detoxification | 446 | ||
| Addiction treatment | 447 | ||
| Smoking cessation programs | 448 | ||
| Support groups | 448 | ||
| Nurse’s role | 448 | ||
| Clinical application | 449 | ||
| Remember this! | 450 | ||
| What would you do? | 450 | ||
| Additional resources | 450 | ||
| References | 450 | ||
| 25 Violence and human abuse | 453 | ||
| Objectives | 453 | ||
| Chapter outline | 453 | ||
| Key terms | 453 | ||
| Social and community factors influencing violence | 454 | ||
| Work | 454 | ||
| Education | 455 | ||
| Media | 455 | ||
| Organized religion | 456 | ||
| Population | 456 | ||
| Community facilities | 456 | ||
| Violence against individuals or oneself | 457 | ||
| Homicide | 457 | ||
| Assault | 457 | ||
| Sexual violence and rape | 457 | ||
| Suicide | 460 | ||
| Family violence and abuse | 460 | ||
| Development of abusive patterns | 460 | ||
| Types of family violence | 461 | ||
| Child abuse | 461 | ||
| Child neglect | 464 | ||
| Sexual abuse | 464 | ||
| Intimate partner abuse | 465 | ||
| Abuse of older adults | 467 | ||
| Nursing interventions | 468 | ||
| Clinical application | 472 | ||
| Remember this! | 472 | ||
| What would you do? | 472 | ||
| Additional resources | 472 | ||
| References | 473 | ||
| 26 Infectious disease prevention and control | 476 | ||
| Objectives | 476 | ||
| Chapter outline | 476 | ||
| Key terms | 477 | ||
| Historical and current perspectives | 477 | ||
| Transmission of communicable diseases | 479 | ||
| Agent, host, and environment | 479 | ||
| Agent factor | 479 | ||
| Host factor | 480 | ||
| Environment factor | 480 | ||
| Modes of transmission | 480 | ||
| Disease development | 480 | ||
| Disease spectrum | 481 | ||
| Surveillance of communicable diseases | 481 | ||
| Surveillance for agents of bioterrorism | 481 | ||
| List of reportable diseases | 482 | ||
| Emerging infectious diseases | 483 | ||
| Emergence factors | 483 | ||
| Prevention and control of communicable diseases | 486 | ||
| Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention | 486 | ||
| Agents of bioterrorism | 487 | ||
| Anthrax | 487 | ||
| Smallpox | 488 | ||
| Vaccine-preventable disease | 488 | ||
| Routine childhood immunization schedule | 489 | ||
| Measles | 489 | ||
| Rubella | 490 | ||
| Pertussis | 490 | ||
| Influenza | 490 | ||
| Foodborne and waterborne diseases | 492 | ||
| Salmonellosis | 493 | ||
| Escherichia coli 0157:h7 | 493 | ||
| Waterborne disease outbreaks and pathogens | 494 | ||
| Vector-borne disease and zoonoses | 494 | ||
| Lyme disease | 494 | ||
| Rocky mountain spotted fever | 495 | ||
| Zoonoses | 495 | ||
| Rabies (hydrophobia) | 495 | ||
| Parasitic diseases | 496 | ||
| Intestinal parasitic infections | 496 | ||
| Parasitic opportunistic infections | 496 | ||
| Diseases of travelers | 497 | ||
| Malaria | 497 | ||
| Foodborne and waterborne diseases | 497 | ||
| Diarrheal diseases | 497 | ||
| Health care–acquired infections | 498 | ||
| Universal precautions | 498 | ||
| Clinical application | 498 | ||
| Remember this! | 499 | ||
| What would you do? | 499 | ||
| Additional resources | 500 | ||
| References | 500 | ||
| 27 HIV infection, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases | 502 | ||
| Objectives | 502 | ||
| Chapter outline | 502 | ||
| Key terms | 502 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection | 503 | ||
| Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection | 503 | ||
| Transmission | 504 | ||
| Epidemiology and surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 504 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus testing | 505 | ||
| Caring for clients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in The Community | 505 | ||
| Sexually transmitted diseases | 506 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 506 | ||
| Syphilis | 509 | ||
| Chlamydia | 510 | ||
| Herpes simplex virus 2 (genital herpes) | 510 | ||
| Human papillomavirus infection | 510 | ||
| Hepatitis | 511 | ||
| Hepatitis A virus | 512 | ||
| Hepatitis B virus | 512 | ||
| Hepatitis C virus | 513 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 514 | ||
| Nurse’s role in providing preventive care for communicable diseases | 515 | ||
| Primary prevention | 515 | ||
| Safer sex | 517 | ||
| Drug use | 517 | ||
| Community outreach, education, and evaluation | 517 | ||
| Secondary prevention | 518 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus test counseling | 518 | ||
| Partner notification and contact tracing | 518 | ||
| Tertiary prevention | 519 | ||
| Directly observed therapy | 519 | ||
| Standard precautions | 519 | ||
| Clinical application | 519 | ||
| Remember this! | 520 | ||
| What would you do? | 520 | ||
| Additional resources | 520 | ||
| References | 521 | ||
| 7 Nursing practice in the community: roles and functions | 523 | ||
| 28 Nursing practice at the local, state, and national levels in public health | 523 | ||
| Objectives | 523 | ||
| Chapter outline | 523 | ||
| Key terms | 523 | ||
| Roles of local, state, and federal public health agencies | 524 | ||
| History and trends of public health | 525 | ||
| Scope, standards, and roles of nursing in public health | 526 | ||
| Issues and trends in public health | 528 | ||
| Education and knowledge requirements for public health nurses | 528 | ||
| National health objectives | 529 | ||
| Functions of public health nurses | 530 | ||
| Clinical application | 532 | ||
| Remember this! | 533 | ||
| What would you do? | 533 | ||
| Additional resources | 533 | ||
| References | 533 | ||
| 29 The faith Community nurse | 535 | ||
| Objectives | 535 | ||
| Chapter outline | 535 | ||
| Key terms | 535 | ||
| Definitions in faith community nursing | 536 | ||
| Historical perspectives | 538 | ||
| Faith communities | 538 | ||
| Faith nurse community | 539 | ||
| Health care delivery | 539 | ||
| Faith Community nursing practice | 539 | ||
| Characteristics of the practice | 539 | ||
| Scope and standards of faith community nursing practice | 541 | ||
| Educational preparation for the faith community nurse | 542 | ||
| Issues in faith community nursing practice | 542 | ||
| Professional issues | 542 | ||
| Ethical issues | 543 | ||
| Legal issues | 543 | ||
| Financial issues | 544 | ||
| National health objectives and faith communities | 544 | ||
| Functions of the faith community nurse | 545 | ||
| Clinical application | 546 | ||
| Remember this! | 546 | ||
| What would you do? | 547 | ||
| Additional resources | 547 | ||
| References | 547 | ||
| 30 The nurse in home health and hospice | 549 | ||
| Objectives | 549 | ||
| Chapter outline | 549 | ||
| Key terms | 550 | ||
| History of home health and nursing | 551 | ||
| Description of practice models | 551 | ||
| Population-focused home care | 551 | ||
| Transitional care in the home | 552 | ||
| Home-based primary care | 552 | ||
| Home health | 552 | ||
| Hospice | 553 | ||
| Home care of the dying child | 554 | ||
| Scope and standards of practice | 554 | ||
| Direct and indirect care | 555 | ||
| Nursing roles in home care | 555 | ||
| Omaha system | 556 | ||
| Description of the omaha system | 557 | ||
| Professional development and collaboration | 557 | ||
| Education and roles | 557 | ||
| Certification | 558 | ||
| Interprofessional collaboration | 558 | ||
| Accountability and quality management | 558 | ||
| Evidence-based quality and performance improvement and client safety | 558 | ||
| Accreditation | 559 | ||
| Legal, ethical, and financial aspects of home care | 560 | ||
| Reimbursement mechanisms | 560 | ||
| Cost-effectiveness | 560 | ||
| Legal and ethical issues | 560 | ||
| Trends and opportunities | 561 | ||
| National health objectives | 561 | ||
| Family responsibility, roles, and functions | 561 | ||
| Technology and telehealth | 561 | ||
| Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 | 562 | ||
| Clinical application | 562 | ||
| Remember this! | 562 | ||
| What would you do? | 563 | ||
| Additional resources | 563 | ||
| References | 563 | ||
| 31 The nurse in the schools | 566 | ||
| Objectives | 566 | ||
| Chapter outline | 566 | ||
| Key terms | 566 | ||
| History of school nursing | 567 | ||
| Federal legislation in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s | 567 | ||
| Standards of practice for school nurses | 569 | ||
| Educational credentials of school nurses | 569 | ||
| Roles and functions of school nurses | 569 | ||
| School nurse roles | 570 | ||
| Direct caregiver | 570 | ||
| Health educator | 570 | ||
| Case manager | 570 | ||
| Consultant | 570 | ||
| Counselor | 570 | ||
| Community outreach | 570 | ||
| Researcher | 570 | ||
| School health services | 570 | ||
| Federal school health programs | 570 | ||
| School health policies and practices study | 571 | ||
| School-based health programs | 571 | ||
| School nurses and healthy people 2020 | 572 | ||
| Levels of prevention in schools | 572 | ||
| Primary prevention in schools | 572 | ||
| Prevention of childhood injuries | 573 | ||
| Substance abuse prevention education | 573 | ||
| Disease prevention education | 573 | ||
| Required vaccinations for schoolchildren | 574 | ||
| Secondary prevention in schools | 574 | ||
| Nursing care for emergencies in the school | 574 | ||
| Emergency equipment in the school nurse’s office | 575 | ||
| Giving medication in school | 575 | ||
| Assessing and screening children at school | 576 | ||
| Screening children for lice | 576 | ||
| Identification of child abuse or neglect | 576 | ||
| Communicating with health care providers | 576 | ||
| Efforts to prevent suicide and other mental health problems | 577 | ||
| Violence at school | 577 | ||
| School crisis teams: Responding to disasters | 577 | ||
| Tertiary prevention in schools | 578 | ||
| Children with asthma | 578 | ||
| Children with diabetes mellitus | 578 | ||
| Children who are autistic | 578 | ||
| Children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 580 | ||
| Children with special needs in the schools | 580 | ||
| Children with do not resuscitate orders and the school nurse | 580 | ||
| Homebound children | 580 | ||
| Pregnant teenagers and teenage mothers at school | 580 | ||
| Controversies in school nursing | 580 | ||
| Ethics in school nursing | 580 | ||
| Future trends in school nursing | 581 | ||
| Clinical application | 581 | ||
| Remember this! | 581 | ||
| What would you do? | 582 | ||
| Additional resources | 582 | ||
| References | 582 | ||
| 32 The nurse in occupational health | 585 | ||
| Objectives | 585 | ||
| Chapter outline | 585 | ||
| Key terms | 585 | ||
| Definition and scope of occupation health nursing | 586 | ||
| History and evolution of occupational health nursing | 586 | ||
| Roles and professionalism in occupational health nursing | 587 | ||
| Workers as A population aggregate | 587 | ||
| Characteristics of the workforce | 588 | ||
| Characteristics of work | 588 | ||
| Work–health interactions | 588 | ||
| Application of the epidemiologic model | 589 | ||
| Host | 590 | ||
| Agent | 590 | ||
| Biological agents | 590 | ||
| Chemical agents | 591 | ||
| Environmental and mechanical agents | 591 | ||
| Physical agents | 592 | ||
| Psychosocial agents | 593 | ||
| Environment | 593 | ||
| Organizational and public efforts to promote worker health and safety | 594 | ||
| Onsite occupational health and safety programs | 594 | ||
| Nursing care of working populations | 595 | ||
| Worker assessment | 595 | ||
| Workplace assessment | 596 | ||
| Healthy people 2020 related to occupational health | 599 | ||
| Legistation related to occupational health | 599 | ||
| Disaster planning and management | 601 | ||
| Clinical application | 602 | ||
| Remember this! | 602 | ||
| What would you do? | 602 | ||
| Additional resources | 603 | ||
| References | 603 | ||
| Appendixes | 605 | ||
| Appendix A Guidelines for practice | 606 | ||
| A.1 The health insurance portability and accountability act (hipaa): What does it mean for public health nurses? | 606 | ||
| Explanation | 606 | ||
| Privacy rule | 606 | ||
| Patient protections | 606 | ||
| Public health services and protected health information | 606 | ||
| Permitted protected health information disclosures to A public health authority without authorization | 606 | ||
| Health insurance portability and accountability act and nursing research | 607 | ||
| Definitions | 607 | ||
| Creating data | 607 | ||
| Disclosing data | 607 | ||
| A.2 Living will directive | 608 | ||
| Living will directive | 608 | ||
| APPENDIX B Assessment tools | 609 | ||
| B.1 community-as-partner model | 609 | ||
| B.2 Friedman family assessment model (short form) | 612 | ||
| Identifying data | 612 | ||
| Developmental stage and history of family | 612 | ||
| Environmental data | 612 | ||
| Family structure | 612 | ||
| Family functions | 612 | ||
| Family stress and coping | 613 | ||
| B.3 Comprehensive occupational and enviromental exposure history | 614 | ||
| B.4 Omaha system problem classification scheme with case study application | 618 | ||
| Domains and problems of the omaha system problem classification scheme | 618 | ||
| Environmental domain | 618 | ||
| Psychosocial domain | 618 | ||
| Physiological domain | 618 | ||
| Health-related behaviors domain | 618 | ||
| Categories of the Omaha system intervention scheme | 618 | ||
| Teaching, guidance, and counseling | 618 | ||
| Treatments and procedures | 618 | ||
| Case management | 618 | ||
| Surveillance | 618 | ||
| Targets of The Omaha system intervention scheme | 619 | ||
| Case study martha p.: Older woman living in a deteriorating home | 619 | ||
| Information obtained during the first visit/encounter | 619 | ||
| Application of the omaha system | 620 | ||
| Domain: Environmental | 620 | ||
| Domain: Physiological | 620 | ||
| Domain: Health-related behaviors | 620 | ||
| B.5 Cultural assessment guide | 621 | ||
| Cultural identity, ancestry, and heritage | 621 | ||
| Ethnohistory | 621 | ||
| Social organization | 621 | ||
| Socioeconomic status | 621 | ||
| Biocultural ecology and health risks | 621 | ||
| Language and communication | 621 | ||
| Religion and spirituality | 621 | ||
| Caring beliefs and practices | 621 | ||
| Experience with professional health care | 621 | ||
| APPENDIX C Essential elements of public health nursing | 622 | ||
| C.1 Examples of public health nursing roles and implementing public health functions | 622 | ||
| C.2 American nurses association standards of practice and professional performance for public health nursing | 629 | ||
| The standards of practice for public health nursing | 629 | ||
| Standards of professional performance for public health nursing | 629 | ||
| C.3 Quad council public health nursing core competencies and skill levels | 630 | ||
| C.4 Minnesota department of health public health interventions wheel | 631 | ||
| Definition of population-based practice | 631 | ||
| Population-based practice | 631 | ||
| Public health interventions with definitions | 632 | ||
| Three levels of public health practice | 633 | ||
| APPENDIX D Hepatitis information | 634 | ||
| D.1 Summary description of hepatitis A-E | 634 | ||
| D.2 Recommendations for prophylaxis of hepatitis A | 636 | ||
| D.3 recommended postexposure prophylaxis for percutaneous or permucosal exposure to hepatitis B virus | 637 | ||
| APPENDIX E Resource tools available on the evolve website | 638 | ||
| APPENDIX F Glossary | 639 | ||
| A | 639 | ||
| B | 639 | ||
| C | 640 | ||
| D | 642 | ||
| E | 642 | ||
| F | 643 | ||
| G | 644 | ||
| H | 644 | ||
| I | 645 | ||
| J | 645 | ||
| L | 646 | ||
| M | 646 | ||
| N | 646 | ||
| O | 647 | ||
| P | 647 | ||
| Q | 649 | ||
| R | 649 | ||
| S | 649 | ||
| T | 650 | ||
| U | 651 | ||
| V | 651 | ||
| W | 651 | ||
| Index | 652 | ||
| A | 652 | ||
| B | 654 | ||
| C | 654 | ||
| D | 657 | ||
| E | 659 | ||
| F | 661 | ||
| G | 662 | ||
| H | 662 | ||
| I | 665 | ||
| J | 666 | ||
| K | 666 | ||
| L | 666 | ||
| M | 668 | ||
| N | 669 | ||
| O | 669 | ||
| P | 670 | ||
| Q | 673 | ||
| R | 673 | ||
| S | 674 | ||
| T | 676 | ||
| U | 677 | ||
| V | 677 | ||
| W | 678 | ||
| Y | 678 | ||
| Z | 678 |