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Book Details
Abstract
Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Imaging, by Drs. Fred A Mettler and Milton J Guiberteau, provides the practical and comprehensive guidance you need to master key nuclear imaging techniques. From physics, instrumentation, quality control, and legal requirements to hot topics such as sodium fluoride, radiopharmaceuticals, and recommended pediatric administered doses and guidelines, this sixth edition covers the fundamentals and recent developments in the practice of nuclear medicine.
- Get comprehensive coverage of key techniques such as PET/CT, cardiac-gated SPECT, and tumor-specific radionuclides, as well as Cerebrovascular System, Cardiovascular System, Conventional Neoplasm Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy, and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.
- Reference practical clinical guidance at a glance from important "Pearls and Pitfalls" in each chapter and. helpful appendices including Injection Techniques, Pediatric Dosages, Non-radioactive Pharmaceuticals, and many more
- Assess your understanding with a section of Unknown Case Sets—expanded in this edition.
- Find information quickly and easily with a full-color format.
- Apply the latest best practices thanks to extensive updates of clinical guidelines that reflect recent changes in the practice of nuclear medicine, including the use of sodium fluoride (F-18 FDG for infections and Na F-18 for skeletal imaging), suggested radiopharmaceuticals for imaging various types of tumors, and imaging procedures and new classification schemes for pulmonary embolism.
- Effectively use PET/CT in imaging neoplasms with coverage of the most current indications.
- Manage radition safety concerns using quality control procedures for hybrid imaging equipment, patient and radiation safety checklists for I-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, and recommended pediatric administered doses and guidelines.
- Get a clear view of the current state of imaging from high-quality images - 35% new to this edition.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Imaging | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | ix | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| 1 - Radioactivity, Radionuclides, and Radiopharmaceuticals | 1 | ||
| BASIC ISOTOPE NOTATION | 1 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE PRODUCTION | 3 | ||
| RADIOACTIVE DECAY | 4 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE GENERATOR SYSTEMS | 5 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDES AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS FOR IMAGING | 7 | ||
| RADIOPHARMACY QUALITY CONTROL | 15 | ||
| UNSEALED RADIONUCLIDES USED FOR THERAPY | 19 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 21 | ||
| 2 - Instrumentation and Quality Control | 23 | ||
| GEIGER-MUELLER COUNTER | 23 | ||
| IONIZATION CHAMBER | 23 | ||
| SODIUM IODIDE WELL COUNTER | 23 | ||
| SINGLE PROBE COUNTING SYSTEMS | 25 | ||
| DOSE CALIBRATOR | 26 | ||
| GAMMA SCINTILLATION CAMERA | 28 | ||
| SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 38 | ||
| SPECT/CT | 42 | ||
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY | 43 | ||
| PET/CT | 53 | ||
| PET/MRI | 54 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION QUALITY CONTROL | 55 | ||
| TECHNICAL ARTIFACTS | 62 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 69 | ||
| 3 - Central Nervous System | 71 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE BRAIN IMAGING | 71 | ||
| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IMAGING | 90 | ||
| 4 - Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Salivary Glands | 99 | ||
| THYROID IMAGING AND UPTAKE | 99 | ||
| IODINE-131 THERAPY IN THYROID DISEASE | 116 | ||
| PARATHYROID IMAGING AND LOCALIZATION | 125 | ||
| SALIVARY GLAND IMAGING | 128 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 130 | ||
| 5 - Cardiovascular System | 131 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 131 | ||
| SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING | 132 | ||
| PET CARDIAC IMAGING | 169 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING OF CARDIAC FUNCTION | 175 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 193 | ||
| 6 - Respiratory System | 195 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 195 | ||
| RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS | 197 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 200 | ||
| NORMAL LUNG SCAN | 200 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 203 | ||
| DEEP VENOUS IMAGING AND THROMBUS DETECTION | 233 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 235 | ||
| 7 - Gastrointestinal Tract | 237 | ||
| LIVER–SPLEEN IMAGING | 237 | ||
| HEPATIC BLOOD POOL IMAGING | 243 | ||
| SPLENIC IMAGING | 243 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING STUDIES | 245 | ||
| MECKEL DIVERTICULUM IMAGING | 248 | ||
| HEPATOBILIARY IMAGING | 249 | ||
| GASTROESOPHAGEAL FUNCTION STUDIES | 261 | ||
| ABDOMINAL SHUNT EVALUATION | 267 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 270 | ||
| 8 - Skeletal System | 271 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 271 | ||
| RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS | 271 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 273 | ||
| NORMAL SCAN | 273 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 275 | ||
| BONE MARROW IMAGING | 305 | ||
| BONE MINERAL MEASUREMENTS | 305 | ||
| PALLIATIVE THERAPY OF PAINFUL OSSEOUS METASTASES | 309 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 314 | ||
| 9 - Genitourinary System and Adrenal Glands | 315 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 315 | ||
| RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS | 315 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE RENAL EVALUATION | 316 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 321 | ||
| ADRENAL GLAND IMAGING | 341 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 344 | ||
| 10 - Non-PET Neoplasm Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy | 345 | ||
| GALLIUM-67 IMAGING | 345 | ||
| THALLIUM-201 CHLORIDE IMAGING | 347 | ||
| TECHNETIUM-99M SESTAMIBI TUMOR IMAGING | 349 | ||
| NEUROPEPTIDE RECEPTOR IMAGING | 351 | ||
| ADRENAL TUMOR IMAGING | 353 | ||
| LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY AND INTRAOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION | 353 | ||
| LABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 355 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LYMPHOMA WITH RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY | 356 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HEPATOMA AND LIVER METASTASES WITH INTRAVASCULAR MICROSPHERES | 358 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 360 | ||
| 11 - 18F-FDG PET/CT Neoplasm Imaging\r | 361 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 361 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION FOR 18F-FDG IMAGING | 361 | ||
| NORMAL 18F-FDG DISTRIBUTION AND VARIANTS | 364 | ||
| QUALITATIVE IMAGE INTERPRETATION | 374 | ||
| PET IMAGE QUANTITATION | 374 | ||
| WHOLE-BODY 18F-FDG PET/CT NEOPLASM IMAGING | 375 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 395 | ||
| 12 - Inflammation and Infection Imaging | 397 | ||
| RADIOLABELED LEUKOCYTES | 397 | ||
| GALLIUM IMAGING | 406 | ||
| 18F-FDG PET/CT IMAGING | 409 | ||
| FUTURE INFLAMMATION AGENTS | 417 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 419 | ||
| 13 - Authorized User and Radioisotope Safety Issues | 421 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 421 | ||
| REGULATORY AGENCIES | 423 | ||
| TYPES OF LICENSES | 424 | ||
| DOSE LIMITS | 424 | ||
| RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE | 425 | ||
| NRC TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS | 426 | ||
| TRAINING REQUIRED FOR USE OF UNSEALED BYPRODUCT MATERIAL | 427 | ||
| TRAINING FOR SEALED SOURCES FOR DIAGNOSIS | 429 | ||
| MEDICAL EVENTS AND REQUIRED REPORTING | 429 | ||
| MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS | 430 | ||
| TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS | 430 | ||
| RECEIPT OF RADIOACTIVE SHIPMENTS | 432 | ||
| SAFE HANDLING AND ADMINISTRATION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS | 433 | ||
| PERMISSIBLE MOLYBDENUM CONCENTRATION | 434 | ||
| PET RADIATION SAFETY | 434 | ||
| ALARA AND DOSES TO PATIENTS | 435 | ||
| RELEASE OF INDIVIDUALS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF RADIONUCLIDES | 437 | ||
| RESTRICTED AREAS, RADIATION AREAS, AND SIGNAGE POSTING | 438 | ||
| FACILITY RADIATION SURVEY POLICIES | 438 | ||
| WASTE DISPOSAL | 439 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 442 | ||
| Unknown Case Sets | 443 | ||
| CASE 1-1 | 444 | ||
| CASE 1-2 | 445 | ||
| CASE 1-3 | 446 | ||
| CASE 1-4 | 446 | ||
| CASE 1-5 | 447 | ||
| CASE 1-6 | 447 | ||
| CASE 1-7 | 448 | ||
| CASE 1-8 | 448 | ||
| CASE 1-9 | 449 | ||
| CASE 1-10 | 449 | ||
| CASE 1-11 | 450 | ||
| CASE 2-1 | 450 | ||
| CASE 2-2 | 451 | ||
| CASE 2-3 | 452 | ||
| CASE 2-4 | 452 | ||
| CASE 2-5 | 453 | ||
| CASE 2-6 | 454 | ||
| CASE 2-7 | 455 | ||
| CASE 2-8 | 456 | ||
| CASE 2-9 | 456 | ||
| CASE 2-10 | 457 | ||
| CASE 2-11 | 457 | ||
| CASE 3-1 | 458 | ||
| CASE 3-2 | 459 | ||
| CASE 3-3 | 460 | ||
| CASE 3-4 | 461 | ||
| CASE 3-5 | 462 | ||
| CASE 3-6 | 462 | ||
| CASE 3-7 | 463 | ||
| CASE 3-8 | 463 | ||
| CASE 3-9 | 465 | ||
| CASE 3-10 | 466 | ||
| CASE 3-11 | 466 | ||
| CASE 4-1 | 467 | ||
| CASE 4-2 | 468 | ||
| CASE 4-3 | 469 | ||
| CASE 4-4 | 470 | ||
| CASE 4-5 | 471 | ||
| CASE 4-6 | 472 | ||
| CASE 4-7 | 473 | ||
| CASE 4-8 | 474 | ||
| CASE 4-9 | 474 | ||
| CASE 4-10 | 475 | ||
| CASE 4-11 | 475 | ||
| CASE 5-1 | 476 | ||
| CASE 5-2 | 477 | ||
| CASE 5-3 | 477 | ||
| CASE 5-4 | 478 | ||
| CASE 5-5 | 479 | ||
| CASE 5-6 | 479 | ||
| CASE 5-7 | 480 | ||
| CASE 5-8 | 482 | ||
| CASE 5-9 | 483 | ||
| CASE 5-10 | 484 | ||
| CASE 5-11 | 485 | ||
| CASE 6-1 | 485 | ||
| CASE 6-2 | 486 | ||
| CASE 6-3 | 486 | ||
| CASE 6-4 | 487 | ||
| CASE 6-5 | 488 | ||
| CASE 6-6 | 489 | ||
| CASE 6-7 | 490 | ||
| CASE 6-8 | 491 | ||
| CASE 6-9 | 492 | ||
| CASE 6-10 | 493 | ||
| CASE 6-11 | 494 | ||
| CASE 7-1 | 494 | ||
| CASE 7-2 | 495 | ||
| CASE 7-3 | 496 | ||
| CASE 7-4 | 497 | ||
| CASE 7-5 | 498 | ||
| CASE 7-6 | 499 | ||
| CASE 7-7 | 500 | ||
| CASE 7-8 | 500 | ||
| CASE 7-9 | 501 | ||
| CASE 7-10 | 502 | ||
| CASE 7-11 | 504 | ||
| Answers to Unknown Case Sets\r | 505 | ||
| CASE 1-1 | 505 | ||
| CASE 1-2 | 505 | ||
| CASE 1-3 | 505 | ||
| CASE 1-4 | 505 | ||
| CASE 1-5 | 506 | ||
| CASE 1-6 | 506 | ||
| CASE 1-7 | 506 | ||
| CASE 1-8 | 506 | ||
| CASE 1-9 | 506 | ||
| CASE 1-10 | 506 | ||
| CASE 1-11 | 506 | ||
| CASE 2-1 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-2 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-3 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-4 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-5 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-6 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-7 | 507 | ||
| CASE 2-8 | 508 | ||
| CASE 2-9 | 508 | ||
| CASE 2-10 | 508 | ||
| CASE 2-11 | 508 | ||
| CASE 3-1 | 508 | ||
| CASE 3-2 | 509 | ||
| CASE 3-3 | 509 | ||
| CASE 3-4 | 509 | ||
| CASE 3-5 | 509 | ||
| CASE 3-6 | 509 | ||
| CASE 3-7 | 509 | ||
| CASE 3-8 | 510 | ||
| CASE 3-9 | 510 | ||
| CASE 3-10 | 510 | ||
| CASE 3-11 | 510 | ||
| CASE 4-1 | 510 | ||
| CASE 4-2 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-3 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-4 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-5 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-6 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-7 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-8 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-9 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-10 | 511 | ||
| CASE 4-11 | 512 | ||
| CASE 5-1 | 512 | ||
| CASE 5-2 | 512 | ||
| CASE 5-3 | 512 | ||
| CASE 5-4 | 512 | ||
| CASE 5-5 | 513 | ||
| CASE 5-6 | 513 | ||
| CASE 5-7 | 513 | ||
| CASE 5-8 | 513 | ||
| CASE 5-9 | 513 | ||
| CASE 5-10 | 514 | ||
| CASE 5-11 | 514 | ||
| CASE 6-1 | 514 | ||
| CASE 6-2 | 514 | ||
| CASE 6-3 | 514 | ||
| CASE 6-4 | 514 | ||
| CASE 6-5 | 514 | ||
| CASE 6-6 | 515 | ||
| CASE 6-7 | 515 | ||
| CASE 6-8 | 515 | ||
| CASE 6-9 | 515 | ||
| CASE 6-10 | 515 | ||
| CASE 6-11 | 516 | ||
| CASE 7-1 | 516 | ||
| CASE 7-2 | 516 | ||
| CASE 7-3 | 516 | ||
| CASE 7-4 | 517 | ||
| CASE 7-5 | 517 | ||
| CASE 7-6 | 517 | ||
| CASE 7-7 | 517 | ||
| CASE 7-8 | 517 | ||
| CASE 7-9 | 518 | ||
| CASE 7-10 | 518 | ||
| CASE 7-11 | 518 | ||
| APPENDIX A - \rCharacteristics of Radionuclides forImaging and Therapy | 519 | ||
| APPENDIX B-1 \rRadioactivity Conversion Table for International System(SI) Units (Becquerels to Curies) | 521 | ||
| APPENDIX B-2\r Radioactivity Conversion Table for International System(SI) Units (Curiesto Becquerels) | 523 | ||
| APPENDIX C-1 Technetium-99m Decay and G\reneration Tables | 525 | ||
| APPENDIX C-2 Other Radionuclide*\rDecay Tables\r | 527 | ||
| APPENDIX D - Injection Techniques and Pediatric Dosages\r | 529 | ||
| INJECTION TECHNIQUES | 529 | ||
| PEDIATRIC DOSAGES | 529 | ||
| APPENDIX E -1 - Sample Techniques for Nuclear Imaging\r | 533 | ||
| BRAIN DEATH OR CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW SCAN | 533 | ||
| SPECT BRAIN IMAGING | 534 | ||
| CISTERNOGRAM | 534 | ||
| THYROID SCAN (99MTC-PERTECHNETATE) | 535 | ||
| THYROID SCAN AND UPTAKE (IODINE-123) | 535 | ||
| THYROID CANCER SCAN | 536 | ||
| PARATHYROID SCAN | 537 | ||
| REST GATED EQUILIBRIUM VENTRICULOGRAPHY* | 537 | ||
| SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING | 538 | ||
| EXERCISE PROTOCOL USING A BRUCE MULTISTAGE OR MODIFIED BRUCE TREADMILL EXERCISE PROTOCOL | 538 | ||
| DIPYRIDAMOLE PHARMACOLOGIC STRESS PROCEDURE* | 539 | ||
| ADENOSINE PHARMACOLOGIC STRESS PROCEDURE | 539 | ||
| PULMONARY VENTILATION SCAN (XENON) | 539 | ||
| PULMONARY VENTILATION SCAN (DTPA AEROSOL) | 540 | ||
| PULMONARY PERFUSION SCAN | 540 | ||
| LIVER AND SPLEEN SCAN | 541 | ||
| SPECT LIVER AND SPLEEN IMAGING | 541 | ||
| HEPATOBILIARY SCAN | 542 | ||
| MECKEL DIVERTICULUM SCAN | 543 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING SCAN | 543 | ||
| ESOPHAGEAL TRANSIT | 544 | ||
| GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX | 544 | ||
| GASTRIC EMPTYING | 545 | ||
| PERITONEAL (LEVEEN) SHUNT PATENCY | 545 | ||
| SALIVARY GLAND IMAGING | 546 | ||
| BONE SCAN (99M-TECHNETIUM) | 546 | ||
| SPECT BONE IMAGING | 547 | ||
| BONE MARROW SCAN | 547 | ||
| RENAL BLOOD FLOW SCAN | 548 | ||
| RENAL SCAN (A) CORTICAL IMAGING | 548 | ||
| RENAL SCAN (B) GLOMERULAR FILTRATION | 549 | ||
| RENAL SCAN (C) TUBULAR FUNCTION | 549 | ||
| DIURETIC (LASIX) RENOGRAM | 550 | ||
| CAPTOPRIL RENOGRAM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION | 550 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE CYSTOGRAM IN CHILDREN | 551 | ||
| GALLIUM SCAN FOR TUMOR OR INFECTION | 551 | ||
| SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR SCAN WITH INDIUM-111 PENTETREOTIDE | 552 | ||
| LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY (SENTINEL NODE LOCALIZATION) | 553 | ||
| BREAST IMAGING WITH BREAST-SPECIFIC GAMMA CAMERA | 554 | ||
| LEUKOCYTE (WHITE BLOOD CELL) SCAN | 554 | ||
| PET/CT TUMOR IMAGING WITH FLUORINE-18 FLUORO-2-DEOXYGLUCOSE | 555 | ||
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY CARDIAC IMAGING WITH FLUORINE-18 FLUORO-2 DEOXYGLUCOSE | 555 | ||
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY BRAIN IMAGING WITH FLUORINE-18 FLUORO-2-DEOXYGLUCOSE | 556 | ||
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY CARDIAC REST/STRESS IMAGING WITH RUBIDIUM-82 OR NITROGEN-13 AMMONIA | 556 | ||
| BONE SCAN PET/CT (FLUORINE-18) | 557 | ||
| RED BLOOD CELL LABELING TECHNIQUES | 557 | ||
| APPENDIX E-2 Abnormal\rRadiopharmaceutical\rDistribution as a Result\rof Medications and\rOther Extrinsic Factors\r | 559 | ||
| APPENDIX F - Nonradioactive Pharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine *\r | 563 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 564 | ||
| APPENDIX G - Pregnancy And Breastfeeding | 565 | ||
| PREGNANCY\r | 565 | ||
| BREASTFEEDING | 566 | ||
| APPENDIX H-1 General Considerations for Hospitalized Patients Receiving Radionuclide Therapy | 569 | ||
| APPENDIX H-2 - Special Considerations And Requirements For Iodine-131 Therapy | 573 | ||
| NURSING INSTRUCTIONS | 574 | ||
| APPENDIX I - Emergency Procedures for Spills of Radioactive Materials\r | 575 | ||
| MINOR SPILLS\r* | 575 | ||
| MAJOR SPILLS | 575 | ||
| SURFACE CONTAMINATION LIMITS | 576 | ||
| EMERGENCY SURGERY OF PATIENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED THERAPEUTIC AMOUNTS OF RADIONUCLIDES | 576 | ||
| EMERGENCY AUTOPSY OF PATIENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED THERAPEUTIC AMOUNTS OF RADIONUCLIDES | 576 | ||
| Index\r | 577 |