BOOK
Maternal Child Nursing Care - E-Book
Shannon E. Perry | Marilyn J. Hockenberry | Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk | David Wilson
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Written by the foremost experts in maternity and pediatric nursing, Maternal Child Nursing Care, 5th Edition offers the accurate, practical information you need to succeed in the classroom, the clinical setting, and on the NCLEX® examination. This new edition offers numerous content updates throughout the text to keep you up-to-date on the latest topics and best practices. Plus hundreds of illustrations, alert boxes, and tables clarify key content and help you quickly find essential information.
- Atraumatic Care boxes in the pediatric unit teach you how to provide competent and effective care to pediatric patients with the least amount of physical or psychological stress.
- Community Focus boxes emphasize community issues, supply resources and guidance, and illustrate nursing care in a variety of settings.
- Critical thinking case studies offer opportunities to test and develop your analytical skills and apply knowledge in various settings.
- Emergency boxes in the maternity unit guide you through step-by-step emergency procedures.
- Expert authors of the market-leading maternity and pediatric nursing textbooks combine to ensure delivery of the most accurate, up-to-date content.
- Family-Centered Care boxes highlight the needs or concerns of families that you should consider to provide family-centered care.
- NEW! Content updates throughout the text give you the latest information on topics such as the late preterm infant, fetal heart rate pattern identification, obesity in the pregnant woman, shaken baby syndrome/traumatic brain injury, Healthy People 2020, car restraints, immunizations, and childhood obesity.
- NEW! Updated Evidence-Based Practice boxes including QSEN KSAs (knowledge, skills, attitudes) provide the most current practice guidelines to promote quality care.
- NEW! Medication Alerts stress medication safety concerns for better therapeutic management.
- NEW! Safety Alerts highlighted and integrated within the content draw attention to developing competencies related to safe nursing practice.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Endsheet 2 | IFCii | ||
| Endsheet 3 | IFCiii | ||
| Endsheet 4 | IFCiv | ||
| Maternal Child Nursing Care, 5/e | i | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Associate Editors | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| About the Authors | ix | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Approach | xiii | ||
| Special Features | xiii | ||
| Teaching and Learning Package | xiv | ||
| For Students | xiv | ||
| For Instructors | xiv | ||
| Acknowledgments | xv | ||
| Table of Contents | xvii | ||
| 1 Maternity Nursing | 1 | ||
| Unit 1 Introduction to Maternity Nursing | 1 | ||
| 1 21st Century Maternity Nursing | 1 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1 | ||
| Advances in the Care of Mothers and Infants | 1 | ||
| Efforts To Reduce Health Disparities | 1 | ||
| Contemporary Issues and Trends | 3 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 Goals | 3 | ||
| Millennium Development Goals | 3 | ||
| Integrative Health Care | 4 | ||
| Problems with the U.S. Health Care System | 4 | ||
| Structure of the Health Care Delivery System | 4 | ||
| Reducing Medical Errors | 4 | ||
| High Cost of Health Care | 5 | ||
| Limited Access to Care | 5 | ||
| Health Care Reform | 5 | ||
| Health Literacy | 5 | ||
| Trends in Fertility and Birth Rate | 5 | ||
| Maternal Mortality | 6 | ||
| Maternal Morbidity | 6 | ||
| Obesity | 6 | ||
| Regionalization of Perinatal Health Care Services | 6 | ||
| High-Technology Care | 7 | ||
| Social Media | 7 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 7 | ||
| Childbirth Practices | 7 | ||
| Involving Consumers and Promoting Self-Management | 8 | ||
| International Concerns | 8 | ||
| The Future of Nursing | 8 | ||
| Trends in Nursing Practice | 9 | ||
| Nursing Interventions Classification | 9 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 9 | ||
| Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database | 9 | ||
| Joanna Briggs Institute | 10 | ||
| Outcomes-Oriented Practice | 10 | ||
| A Global Perspective | 10 | ||
| Standards of Practice and Legal Issues in Delivery of Care | 10 | ||
| Risk Management | 11 | ||
| Sentinel Events | 12 | ||
| Failure to Rescue | 12 | ||
| Quality and Safety Education for Nurses | 13 | ||
| Teamwork and Communication | 13 | ||
| Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation | 13 | ||
| TeamSTEPPS | 14 | ||
| Ethical Issues in Perinatal Nursing and Women’s Health Care | 14 | ||
| Research in Perinatal Nursing | 14 | ||
| Ethical Guidelines for Nursing Research | 14 | ||
| Key Points | 15 | ||
| References | 15 | ||
| 2 Community Care: | 17 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 17 | ||
| The Family in Cultural and Community Context | 17 | ||
| Defining Family | 17 | ||
| Family Organization and Structure | 17 | ||
| The Family in Society | 18 | ||
| Theoretic Approaches to Understanding Families | 18 | ||
| Family Nursing | 18 | ||
| Family Theories | 18 | ||
| Family Assessment | 19 | ||
| Graphic Representations of Families | 19 | ||
| The Family in a Cultural Context | 20 | ||
| Cultural Factors Related to Family Health | 20 | ||
| Implications for Nursing | 22 | ||
| Childbearing Beliefs and Practices | 23 | ||
| Personal Space | 23 | ||
| Time Orientation | 23 | ||
| Family Roles | 24 | ||
| Developing Cultural Competence | 25 | ||
| Community Health Promotion | 25 | ||
| Levels of Preventive Care | 25 | ||
| Promoting Family Health | 28 | ||
| Assessing the Community | 28 | ||
| Data Collection and Sources of Community Health Data | 28 | ||
| Vulnerable Populations in the Community | 29 | ||
| Women | 29 | ||
| Racial and Ethnic Minorities | 30 | ||
| Adolescent Girls | 30 | ||
| Older Women | 30 | ||
| Incarcerated Women | 30 | ||
| Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Women | 30 | ||
| Rural Versus Urban Community Settings | 31 | ||
| Homeless Women | 31 | ||
| Implications for Nursing | 31 | ||
| Home Care in the Community | 32 | ||
| Communication and Technology Applications | 32 | ||
| Guidelines for Nursing Practice | 33 | ||
| Perinatal Services | 33 | ||
| Patient Selection and Referral | 33 | ||
| Care Management | 34 | ||
| Preparing for the Home Visit | 34 | ||
| First Home Care Visit | 34 | ||
| Assessment and Nursing Diagnoses | 34 | ||
| Nursing Considerations | 36 | ||
| Key Points | 37 | ||
| References | 37 | ||
| Unit 2 Reproductive Years | 39 | ||
| 3 Assessment and Health Promotion | 39 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 39 | ||
| Female Reproductive System | 39 | ||
| External Structures | 39 | ||
| Internal Structures | 40 | ||
| The Bony Pelvis | 42 | ||
| Breasts | 43 | ||
| Menstruation | 44 | ||
| Menarche and Puberty | 44 | ||
| Menstrual Cycle | 45 | ||
| Endometrial Cycle | 45 | ||
| Hypothalamic-Pituitary Cycle | 45 | ||
| Ovarian Cycle | 45 | ||
| Other Cyclic Changes | 46 | ||
| Prostaglandins | 46 | ||
| Climacteric and Menopause | 47 | ||
| Sexual Response | 47 | ||
| Barriers to Entering the Health Care System | 47 | ||
| Financial Issues | 47 | ||
| Cultural Issues | 48 | ||
| Gender Issues | 49 | ||
| Caring for the Well Woman Across the Life Span: The Need for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention | 49 | ||
| Adolescents | 49 | ||
| Teenage Pregnancy | 50 | ||
| Young and Middle Adulthood | 50 | ||
| Parenthood After Age 35 | 50 | ||
| Late Reproductive Age | 50 | ||
| Approaches to Care at Specific Stages of a Woman’s Life | 50 | ||
| Preconception Counseling and Care | 51 | ||
| Pregnancy | 51 | ||
| Fertility Control and Infertility | 51 | ||
| Menstrual Problems | 52 | ||
| Perimenopause | 52 | ||
| Identification of Risk Factors to Women’s Health | 52 | ||
| Social, Cultural, and Genetic Factors | 52 | ||
| Substance Use and Abuse | 52 | ||
| Prescription Drug Use | 52 | ||
| Illicit Drug Use | 53 | ||
| Marijuana. | 53 | ||
| Cocaine. | 53 | ||
| Opiates. | 53 | ||
| Methamphetamine. | 53 | ||
| Phencyclidine. | 53 | ||
| Other Illicit Drugs. | 53 | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | 54 | ||
| Cigarette Smoking | 54 | ||
| Caffeine | 54 | ||
| Nutrition Problems and Eating Disorders | 54 | ||
| Nutritional Deficiencies | 55 | ||
| Obesity | 55 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 55 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa. | 55 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa. | 55 | ||
| Lack of Exercise | 56 | ||
| Stress | 56 | ||
| Depression, Anxiety, and Other Mental Health Conditions | 57 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 57 | ||
| Environmental and Workplace Hazards | 57 | ||
| Risky Sexual Practices | 58 | ||
| Risk for Certain Medical Conditions | 58 | ||
| Risk for Certain Gynecologic Conditions | 58 | ||
| Female Genital Mutilation | 58 | ||
| Violence Against Women | 58 | ||
| Battering During Pregnancy | 60 | ||
| Spiritual Approaches to Women’s Health Promotion | 62 | ||
| Assessment of the Woman: History and Physical Examination | 62 | ||
| History | 62 | ||
| Physical Examination | 63 | ||
| Cultural Considerations and Communication Variations in the History and Physical | 63 | ||
| History and Physical Examination in Women with Disabilities | 63 | ||
| History and Physical Examination in Adolescent Girls (Ages 13 to 19) | 65 | ||
| Pelvic Examination | 66 | ||
| External Inspection | 66 | ||
| External Palpation | 66 | ||
| Vulvar Self-Examination. | 67 | ||
| Internal Examination | 67 | ||
| Collection of Specimens. | 67 | ||
| Papanicolaou Test. | 67 | ||
| Vaginal Wall Examination. | 67 | ||
| Bimanual Palpation | 67 | ||
| Rectovaginal Palpation | 67 | ||
| Pelvic Examination During Pregnancy | 67 | ||
| Pelvic Examination After Hysterectomy | 68 | ||
| Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures | 68 | ||
| Health Screening for Women Across the Life Span | 68 | ||
| Key Points | 72 | ||
| References | 72 | ||
| 4 Reproductive System Concerns | 74 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 74 | ||
| Menstrual Disorders | 74 | ||
| Amenorrhea | 74 | ||
| Hypogonadotropic Amenorrhea | 75 | ||
| Management. | 75 | ||
| Dysmenorrhea | 75 | ||
| Primary Dysmenorrhea | 75 | ||
| Management. | 76 | ||
| Secondary Dysmenorrhea | 78 | ||
| Premenstrual Syndrome | 78 | ||
| Management | 79 | ||
| Endometriosis | 79 | ||
| Management | 80 | ||
| Alterations in Cyclic Bleeding | 81 | ||
| Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding | 82 | ||
| Management. | 83 | ||
| Care Management | 83 | ||
| Infections | 83 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 83 | ||
| Prevention | 83 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Strategies. | 84 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections | 85 | ||
| Chlamydia | 85 | ||
| Screening and Diagnosis. | 85 | ||
| Management. | 85 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 85 | ||
| Screening and Diagnosis. | 88 | ||
| Management. | 88 | ||
| Syphilis | 88 | ||
| 2 Pediatric Nursing | 718 | ||
| Unit 7 Children, Their Families, and the Nurse | 718 | ||
| 26 21st Century Pediatric Nursing | 718 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 718 | ||
| Health Care for Children | 718 | ||
| Health Promotion | 718 | ||
| Nutrition | 718 | ||
| Dental Care | 719 | ||
| Immunizations | 719 | ||
| Childhood Health Problems | 719 | ||
| Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes | 719 | ||
| Childhood Injuries | 719 | ||
| Violence | 721 | ||
| Substance Abuse | 722 | ||
| Mental Health Problems | 723 | ||
| Mortality and Morbidity | 723 | ||
| Infant Mortality | 723 | ||
| Childhood Mortality | 723 | ||
| Childhood Morbidity | 724 | ||
| The Art of Pediatric Nursing | 724 | ||
| Philosophy of Care | 724 | ||
| Family-Centered Care | 724 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | 724 | ||
| Role of the Pediatric Nurse | 725 | ||
| Therapeutic Relationship | 725 | ||
| Family Advocacy and Caring | 725 | ||
| Disease Prevention and Health Promotion | 726 | ||
| Health Teaching | 726 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 727 | ||
| Support and Counseling | 727 | ||
| Coordination and Collaboration | 727 | ||
| Ethical Decision Making | 727 | ||
| Research and Evidence-Based Practice | 727 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning and the Process of Providing Nursing Care to Children and Families | 728 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning | 728 | ||
| Nursing Process | 728 | ||
| Assessment | 728 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 728 | ||
| Planning | 729 | ||
| Implementation | 729 | ||
| Evaluation | 729 | ||
| Documentation | 730 | ||
| Quality Outcome Measures | 730 | ||
| Key Points | 730 | ||
| References | 731 | ||
| 27 Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion | 732 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 732 | ||
| Definition of Family | 732 | ||
| Family Structure | 732 | ||
| Family Strengths and Functioning Style | 733 | ||
| Family Roles and Relationships | 733 | ||
| Parental Roles | 733 | ||
| Family Size and Configuration | 733 | ||
| Special Parenting Situations | 734 | ||
| Parenting the Adopted Child | 734 | ||
| Issues of Origin | 734 | ||
| Adolescence | 735 | ||
| Cross-Racial and International Adoption | 735 | ||
| Parenting and Divorce | 735 | ||
| Impact of Divorce on Children | 735 | ||
| Telling the Children | 736 | ||
| Custody and Parenting Partnerships | 737 | ||
| Single Parenting | 737 | ||
| Single Fathers | 738 | ||
| Parenting in Reconstituted Families | 738 | ||
| Parenting in Dual-Earner Families | 738 | ||
| Kinship Care | 738 | ||
| Foster Parenting | 738 | ||
| Social, cultural, and Religious Influences | 738 | ||
| Social Roles | 739 | ||
| Self-Esteem and Culture | 740 | ||
| Communities | 740 | ||
| Peer Groups | 741 | ||
| Cultural Health Beliefs and Practices | 741 | ||
| Health Beliefs | 742 | ||
| Natural Forces. | 742 | ||
| Supernatural Forces. | 742 | ||
| Imbalance of Forces. | 742 | ||
| Health Practices | 742 | ||
| Religious Beliefs and Practices | 743 | ||
| Cultural and Religious Awareness | 746 | ||
| Key Points | 748 | ||
| References | 749 | ||
| 28 Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion | 750 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 750 | ||
| Growth and Development | 750 | ||
| Foundations of Growth and Development | 750 | ||
| Stages of Development | 750 | ||
| Patterns of Growth and Development | 751 | ||
| Directional Trends. | 751 | ||
| Sequential Trends. | 752 | ||
| Developmental Pace. | 752 | ||
| Sensitive Periods. | 752 | ||
| Individual Differences | 752 | ||
| Biologic Growth and Physical Development | 752 | ||
| External Proportions | 752 | ||
| Biologic Determinants of Growth and Development | 753 | ||
| Skeletal Growth and Maturation | 753 | ||
| Neurologic Maturation | 754 | ||
| Lymphoid Tissues | 754 | ||
| Development of Organ Systems | 754 | ||
| Physiologic Changes | 754 | ||
| Metabolism | 754 | ||
| Temperature | 754 | ||
| Sleep and Rest | 754 | ||
| Nutrition | 755 | ||
| Temperament | 755 | ||
| Significance of Temperament | 755 | ||
| Development of Personality and Mental Function | 756 | ||
| Theoretic Foundations of Personality Development | 756 | ||
| Psychosexual Development (Freud) | 756 | ||
| Psychosocial Development (Erikson) | 757 | ||
| Theoretic Foundations of Intellectual Development | 758 | ||
| Cognitive Development (Piaget) | 758 | ||
| Language Development | 759 | ||
| Moral Development (Kohlberg) | 759 | ||
| Spiritual Development (Fowler) | 759 | ||
| Development of Self-Concept | 760 | ||
| Body Image | 760 | ||
| Self-Esteem | 760 | ||
| Role of Play in Development | 760 | ||
| Classification of Play | 761 | ||
| Content of Play | 761 | ||
| Social Character of Play | 761 | ||
| Functions of Play | 762 | ||
| Sensorimotor Development | 762 | ||
| Intellectual Development | 763 | ||
| Socialization | 763 | ||
| Creativity | 763 | ||
| Self-Awareness | 763 | ||
| Therapeutic Value | 763 | ||
| Morality | 763 | ||
| Toys | 763 | ||
| Developmental Assessment | 764 | ||
| Ages and Stages | 764 | ||
| Genetic Factors That Influence Development | 764 | ||
| Genes, Genetics, and Genomics | 764 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 765 | ||
| Disorders of the Intrauterine Environment | 766 | ||
| Genetic Disorders | 766 | ||
| Role of Nurses in Genetics | 766 | ||
| Applying and Integrating Genetic and Genomic Knowledge into Nursing Assessment | 766 | ||
| Identifying and Referring | 767 | ||
| Providing Education, Care, and Support | 767 | ||
| Key Points | 769 | ||
| References | 769 | ||
| Unit 8 Assessment of the Child and Family | 771 | ||
| 29 Communication, History, and Physical Assessment | 771 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 771 | ||
| Guidelines for Communication and Interviewing | 771 | ||
| Establishing a Setting for Communication | 771 | ||
| Appropriate Introduction | 771 | ||
| Assurance of Privacy and Confidentiality | 771 | ||
| Computer Privacy and Applications in Nursing | 772 | ||
| Telephone Triage and Counseling | 772 | ||
| Communicating with Families | 772 | ||
| Communicating with Parents | 772 | ||
| Encouraging the Parents to Talk | 772 | ||
| Directing the Focus | 773 | ||
| Listening and Cultural Awareness | 773 | ||
| Using Silence | 773 | ||
| Being Empathic | 773 | ||
| Providing Anticipatory Guidance | 773 | ||
| Avoiding Blocks to Communication | 774 | ||
| Communicating with Families Through an Interpreter | 774 | ||
| Communicating with Children | 775 | ||
| Communication Related to Development of Thought Processes | 775 | ||
| Infancy. | 775 | ||
| Early Childhood. | 775 | ||
| School-Age Years. | 776 | ||
| Adolescence. | 776 | ||
| Communication Techniques | 776 | ||
| Play. | 777 | ||
| History Taking | 779 | ||
| Performing a Health History | 779 | ||
| Identifying Information | 779 | ||
| Informant. | 779 | ||
| Chief Complaint | 779 | ||
| Present Illness | 780 | ||
| Analyzing a Symptom. | 780 | ||
| Past History | 780 | ||
| Birth History. | 780 | ||
| Dietary History. | 780 | ||
| Previous Illnesses, Injuries, and Operations. | 780 | ||
| Allergies. | 780 | ||
| Current Medications. | 781 | ||
| Immunizations. | 781 | ||
| Growth and Development. | 781 | ||
| Habits. | 781 | ||
| Sexual History | 782 | ||
| Family Medical History | 782 | ||
| Geographic Location. | 782 | ||
| Family Structure | 782 | ||
| Psychosocial History | 783 | ||
| Review of Systems | 783 | ||
| Performing a Nutritional Assessment | 783 | ||
| Dietary Intake | 783 | ||
| Clinical Examination of Nutrition | 786 | ||
| Evaluation of Nutritional Assessment | 790 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 790 | ||
| General Approaches Toward Examining the Child | 790 | ||
| Sequence of the Examination | 790 | ||
| Preparation of the Child | 791 | ||
| Growth Measurements | 791 | ||
| Growth Charts | 791 | ||
| Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants. | 791 | ||
| Length | 792 | ||
| Height | 792 | ||
| Weight | 793 | ||
| Skinfold Thickness and Arm Circumference | 795 | ||
| Head Circumference | 795 | ||
| Physiologic Measurements | 795 | ||
| Temperature | 795 | ||
| Pulse | 796 | ||
| Respiration | 797 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 799 | ||
| Measurement Devices. | 799 | ||
| Selection of Cuff. | 800 | ||
| Measurement and Interpretation. | 801 | ||
| Orthostatic Hypotension. | 802 | ||
| General Appearance | 802 | ||
| Skin | 803 | ||
| Accessory Structures | 803 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 804 | ||
| Head and Neck | 805 | ||
| Eyes | 805 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 805 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 805 | ||
| Preparing the Child. | 806 | ||
| Funduscopic Examination. | 806 | ||
| Vision Testing | 806 | ||
| Ocular Alignment. | 806 | ||
| Visual Acuity Testing in Children Beyond Infancy. | 806 | ||
| Visual Acuity Testing in Infants and Difficult-to-Test Children. | 807 | ||
| Peripheral Vision. | 808 | ||
| Color Vision. | 809 | ||
| Ears | 809 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 809 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 809 | ||
| Positioning the Child. | 809 | ||
| Otoscopic Examination. | 810 | ||
| Auditory Testing | 811 | ||
| Nose | 812 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 812 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 812 | ||
| Mouth and Throat | 812 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 813 | ||
| Chest | 813 | ||
| Lungs | 814 | ||
| Auscultation | 814 | ||
| Heart | 815 | ||
| Auscultation | 816 | ||
| Origin of Heart Sounds. | 816 | ||
| Differentiating Normal Heart Sounds. | 817 | ||
| Heart Murmurs. | 818 | ||
| Abdomen | 818 | ||
| Inspection | 818 | ||
| Auscultation | 819 | ||
| Palpation | 819 | ||
| Genitalia | 820 | ||
| Male Genitalia | 820 | ||
| Female Genitalia | 821 | ||
| Anus | 822 | ||
| Back and Extremities | 822 | ||
| Spine | 822 | ||
| Extremities | 822 | ||
| Joints | 823 | ||
| Muscles | 823 | ||
| Neurologic Assessment | 823 | ||
| Cerebellar Function | 823 | ||
| Reflexes | 823 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 824 | ||
| Key Points | 826 | ||
| References | 827 | ||
| 30 Pain Assessment and Management in Children | 828 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 828 | ||
| Pain Assessment | 828 | ||
| Assessment of Acute Pain | 828 | ||
| Pain Intensity | 828 | ||
| Global Judgment of Improvement and of Satisfaction with Treatment | 834 | ||
| Adverse Events and Symptoms | 834 | ||
| Physical Recovery | 834 | ||
| Emotional Response | 834 | ||
| Assessment of Chronic and Recurrent Pain | 834 | ||
| Multidimensional Measures | 835 | ||
| Assessment of Pain in Specific Populations | 836 | ||
| Children with Communication and Cognitive Impairment | 836 | ||
| Cultural Differences | 836 | ||
| Children with Chronic Illness and Complex Pain | 839 | ||
| Pain Management | 840 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Management | 840 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management | 843 | ||
| Transmucosal and Transdermal Analgesia | 844 | ||
| Monitoring Side Effects | 847 | ||
| Evaluation of Effectiveness of Pain Regimen | 850 | ||
| Consequences of Untreated Pain | 852 | ||
| Common Pain States | 852 | ||
| Pain in Primary Care | 852 | ||
| Painful and Invasive Procedures | 855 | ||
| Postoperative Pain | 856 | ||
| Burn Pain | 856 | ||
| Recurrent Headaches | 857 | ||
| Recurrent Abdominal Pain | 857 | ||
| Pain with Sickle Cell Disease | 857 | ||
| Cancer Pain | 858 | ||
| Pain and Sedation in End-of-Life Care | 859 | ||
| Key Points | 860 | ||
| References | 860 | ||
| Unit 9 Health Promotion and Special Health Problems | 864 | ||
| 31 The Infant and Family | 864 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 864 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 864 | ||
| Biologic Development | 864 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 864 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 869 | ||
| Fine Motor Development | 871 | ||
| Gross Motor Development | 871 | ||
| Head Control. | 871 | ||
| Rolling Over. | 872 | ||
| Sitting. | 872 | ||
| Locomotion. | 872 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 873 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Trust (Erikson) | 873 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 875 | ||
| Sensorimotor Phase (Piaget) | 875 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 876 | ||
| Social Development | 876 | ||
| Attachment | 876 | ||
| Separation Anxiety. | 877 | ||
| Stranger Fear. | 877 | ||
| Language Development | 877 | ||
| Play | 878 | ||
| Temperament | 878 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 879 | ||
| Separation and Stranger Fear | 879 | ||
| Alternative Child Care Arrangements | 879 | ||
| Limit Setting and Discipline | 880 | ||
| Thumb-Sucking and Use of a Pacifier | 880 | ||
| Teething | 881 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During Infancy | 882 | ||
| Nutrition | 882 | ||
| The First 6 Months | 882 | ||
| The Second 6 Months | 883 | ||
| Selection and Preparation of Solid Foods | 884 | ||
| Introduction of Solid Foods | 884 | ||
| Weaning | 885 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 885 | ||
| Dental Health | 885 | ||
| Immunizations | 886 | ||
| Schedule for Immunizations | 886 | ||
| Recommendations for Routine Immunizations* | 886 | ||
| Hepatitis A Virus. | 886 | ||
| Hepatitis B Virus. | 889 | ||
| Diphtheria. | 890 | ||
| Tetanus. | 890 | ||
| Pertussis. | 891 | ||
| Polio. | 891 | ||
| Measles. | 891 | ||
| Mumps. | 892 | ||
| Rubella. | 892 | ||
| Pneumococcal Infections. | 892 | ||
| Haemophilus influenzae Type B. | 892 | ||
| Varicella. | 893 | ||
| Influenza. | 893 | ||
| Meningococcal Infections. | 893 | ||
| Recommendations for Selected Immunizations | 894 | ||
| Reactions | 894 | ||
| Contraindications and Precautions | 895 | ||
| Administration | 896 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 899 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Safety | 899 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Injury Prevention | 903 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 905 | ||
| Special Health Problems | 905 | ||
| Colic (Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain) | 905 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 906 | ||
| Care Management | 906 | ||
| Failure to Thrive (Growth Failure) | 907 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 908 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 908 | ||
| Prognosis. | 908 | ||
| Care Management | 909 | ||
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | 910 | ||
| Etiology | 910 | ||
| Risk Factors for SIDS | 911 | ||
| Protective Factors for SIDS | 912 | ||
| Infant Risk Factors | 912 | ||
| Care Management | 913 | ||
| Care of the Family of a SIDS Infant. | 913 | ||
| Positional Plagiocephaly | 914 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 914 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 914 | ||
| Care Management | 915 | ||
| Apparent Life-Threatening Event | 915 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 915 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 916 | ||
| Care Management | 916 | ||
| Family Support. | 917 | ||
| Key Points | 917 | ||
| References | 917 | ||
| 32 The Toddler and Family | 922 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 922 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 922 | ||
| Biologic Development | 922 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 922 | ||
| Sensory Changes | 922 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 923 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Development | 923 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 923 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Autonomy (Erikson) | 923 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 924 | ||
| Sensorimotor and Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 924 | ||
| Tertiary Circular Reactions | 924 | ||
| Invention of New Means Through Mental Combinations | 925 | ||
| Preoperational Phase | 925 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 925 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 926 | ||
| Development of Gender Identity | 927 | ||
| Social Development | 927 | ||
| Language | 927 | ||
| Personal-Social Behavior | 928 | ||
| Play | 928 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 930 | ||
| Toilet Training | 930 | ||
| Sibling Rivalry | 932 | ||
| Temper Tantrums | 932 | ||
| Negativism | 933 | ||
| Regression | 933 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During Toddlerhood | 934 | ||
| Nutrition | 934 | ||
| Nutritional Counseling | 934 | ||
| Dietary Guidelines | 935 | ||
| Vegetarian Diets | 935 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 936 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 937 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 937 | ||
| Dental Health | 939 | ||
| Regular Dental Examinations | 939 | ||
| Plaque Removal | 939 | ||
| Fluoride | 940 | ||
| Dietary Factors | 940 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 941 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Safety | 941 | ||
| Car Restraints. | 941 | ||
| Motor Vehicle–Related Injuries. | 945 | ||
| Drowning | 946 | ||
| Burns | 946 | ||
| Accidental Poisoning | 947 | ||
| Falls | 947 | ||
| Aspiration and Suffocation | 948 | ||
| Bodily Injury | 948 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 948 | ||
| Key Points | 949 | ||
| References | 950 | ||
| 33 The Preschooler and Family | 952 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 952 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 952 | ||
| Biologic Development | 952 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Skills | 952 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 953 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Initiative (Erikson) | 953 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 953 | ||
| Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 953 | ||
| Moral Development | 954 | ||
| Preconventional or Premoral Level (Kohlberg) | 954 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 954 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 954 | ||
| Development of Sexuality | 954 | ||
| Social Development | 954 | ||
| Language | 955 | ||
| Personal-Social Behavior | 955 | ||
| Play | 956 | ||
| Coping with Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 957 | ||
| Preschool and Kindergarten Experience | 957 | ||
| Sex Education | 960 | ||
| Fears | 961 | ||
| Stress | 961 | ||
| Aggression | 961 | ||
| Speech Problems | 962 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During the Preschool Years | 962 | ||
| Nutrition | 962 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 963 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 963 | ||
| Dental Health | 964 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 964 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 964 | ||
| Infectious Conditions: Communicable Diseases | 964 | ||
| Care Management | 964 | ||
| Prevent Spread | 965 | ||
| Prevent Complications | 965 | ||
| Provide Comfort | 973 | ||
| Support Child and Family | 973 | ||
| Child Maltreatment | 973 | ||
| Child Neglect | 974 | ||
| Types of Neglect | 974 | ||
| Physical Abuse | 974 | ||
| Shaken Baby Syndrome/Traumatic Brain Injury | 974 | ||
| Care Management | 975 | ||
| Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | 975 | ||
| Factors Predisposing to Physical Abuse | 975 | ||
| Parental Characteristics. | 975 | ||
| Characteristics of the Child. | 975 | ||
| Environmental Characteristics. | 976 | ||
| Sexual Abuse | 976 | ||
| Characteristics of Abusers and Victims | 976 | ||
| Initiation and Perpetuation of Sexual Abuse | 976 | ||
| Nursing Care of the Maltreated Child | 977 | ||
| Caregiver-Child Interaction | 977 | ||
| History and Interview | 978 | ||
| Appendix A Growth Measurements | 1601 | ||
| Appendix B Common Laboratory Tests and Test Results* | 1603 | ||
| Appendix C Pediatric Vital Signs and Parameters | 1613 | ||
| Index | 1617 | ||
| A | 1617 | ||
| B | 1621 | ||
| C | 1624 | ||
| D | 1632 | ||
| E | 1635 | ||
| F | 1638 | ||
| G | 1642 | ||
| H | 1645 | ||
| I | 1650 | ||
| J | 1654 | ||
| K | 1654 | ||
| L | 1655 | ||
| M | 1657 | ||
| N | 1661 | ||
| O | 1664 | ||
| P | 1665 | ||
| Q | 1676 | ||
| R | 1676 | ||
| S | 1678 | ||
| T | 1684 | ||
| U | 1687 | ||
| V | 1688 | ||
| W | 1689 | ||
| X | 1690 | ||
| Y | 1690 | ||
| Z | 1690 | ||
| Special Features | IBC-1 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | IBC-1 | ||
| Community Focus | IBC-1 | ||
| Critical Thinking Case Study | IBC-1 | ||
| Cultural Competence | IBC-1 | ||
| Emergency | IBC-1 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | IBC-2 | ||
| Family-Centered Care | IBC-2 | ||
| Guidelines | IBC-2 | ||
| Home Care | IBC-3 | ||
| Medication Guide | IBC-3 | ||
| Nursing Care Plan | IBC-3 | ||
| Patient Teaching | IBC-3 |