BOOK
Women's Health Review E-book
Philip J. DiSaia | Gautam Chaudhuri | Linda C. Giudice | Thomas R. Moore | Lloyd H. Smith | Manuel M. Porto
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Efficiently review the latest clinical recommendations, developments, and procedures with Women’s Health Review. This comprehensive, yet succinct summary is just the medical reference book you need to ensure that your knowledge is up to date!
- Zero in on the most important new information with "update boxes," and dig deeper into the surrounding text for more background or complementary discussions.
- Review key points quickly with the aid of relevant tables and images.
- Take an organized approach to review with a subspecialty-based structure and a convenient outline format.
- Get the authoritative coverage you need thanks to the collaboration of contributions from University of California medical schools, each at the top of their specialty.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Women’s Health Review | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xv | ||
| Contents | xvii | ||
| Women’s Health Review | xix | ||
| Section 1 - Female Development | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Reproductive Genetics | 3 | ||
| Screening for Carriers of Single Gene Disorders | 3 | ||
| Carrier Screening Based on Ashkenazi Jewish Ancestry | 4 | ||
| Carrier Screening for Disorders of Hemoglobin | 5 | ||
| Carrier Screening for Cystic Fibrosis | 7 | ||
| Screening for Fragile X Syndrome | 7 | ||
| Carrier Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) | 9 | ||
| Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis | 9 | ||
| Risks of Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis | 10 | ||
| Chromosomal Analysis with Array CGH | 11 | ||
| Umbilical Cord Blood Banking | 12 | ||
| Noninvasive Diagnosis of Fetal Material | 13 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 14 | ||
| References | 15 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Reproductive Environmental Health | 16 | ||
| Reproductive Environmental Health | 16 | ||
| The Environment Is a Key Determinant of Health | 16 | ||
| Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Is Ubiquitous | 17 | ||
| The Fetus and Developing Human Are Highly Vulnerable to Exposure to Exogenous Chemicals | 17 | ||
| Mechanisms of Action | 19 | ||
| Reproductive and Developmental Health Impacts of Environmental Exposures | 20 | ||
| Identification of Chemicals with Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity | 23 | ||
| Clinical Management | 23 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 24 | ||
| References | 25 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology | 26 | ||
| Normal Puberty and Menarche | 26 | ||
| Primary Amenorrhea and Delayed Puberty | 27 | ||
| Secondary Amenorrhea in the Adolescent | 30 | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in the Adolescent | 30 | ||
| Endometriosis in the Adolescent | 31 | ||
| Contraception in the Adolescent | 32 | ||
| Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer Prevention in the Adolescent | 33 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Adolescent | 35 | ||
| Role of the Gynecologist in Adolescent Primary Care | 35 | ||
| Breast Concerns in the Adolescent | 37 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 37 | ||
| Section 2 - Pregnancy: The First Trimester | 39 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Prenatal Care | 41 | ||
| The Prenatal Care Record | 41 | ||
| First Prenatal Visit | 41 | ||
| At Each Prenatal Visit | 44 | ||
| Second Trimester (14 to 27 weeks) | 44 | ||
| Third Trimester (28 to 40 weeks) | 44 | ||
| Post Due Date (40 to 42 weeks) | 44 | ||
| Postpartum Visit | 44 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 45 | ||
| References | 45 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management | 46 | ||
| Background | 46 | ||
| Risk Factors | 46 | ||
| Diagnosis | 47 | ||
| Treatment Options | 48 | ||
| Other Types of EP | 49 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 50 | ||
| References | 50 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | 51 | ||
| Overview of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | 51 | ||
| Molar Pregnancy | 51 | ||
| Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) (Table 6-1) | 52 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 55 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Aneuploidy Screening | 57 | ||
| Background | 57 | ||
| First-Trimester Nuchal Translucency Ultrasound | 57 | ||
| First-Trimester Serum Analytes and Combined First-Trimester Screening | 58 | ||
| Second-Trimester Maternal Serum Screening | 59 | ||
| Integrated Aneuploidy Screening | 60 | ||
| Genetic Ultrasound | 62 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 67 | ||
| Adjunct Benefits of Aneuploidy Screening | 68 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 69 | ||
| References | 70 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Section 3 - Second-Trimester Complications | 71 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Cervical Insufficiency | 73 | ||
| Background | 73 | ||
| Etiology | 73 | ||
| Risk Factors | 73 | ||
| Inflammation and Infection | 73 | ||
| Cervical Surgery | 74 | ||
| Diagnosis | 75 | ||
| Cervical Length | 75 | ||
| Cervical Length in Prediction of Preterm Birth | 75 | ||
| Cervical Funneling | 76 | ||
| Management of Cervical Insufficiency | 76 | ||
| Cerclage | 76 | ||
| Cervical Pessary | 77 | ||
| Progesterone | 77 | ||
| Bed Rest | 78 | ||
| Tocolysis | 78 | ||
| Hospitalization | 78 | ||
| Antibiotic Administration | 78 | ||
| Special Considerations | 78 | ||
| Future Directions | 78 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 79 | ||
| References | 79 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Multifetal Pregnancy | 80 | ||
| Multiple Gestations | 80 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 86 | ||
| References | 86 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Fetal Therapy | 87 | ||
| History of Fetal Therapy | 87 | ||
| Imaging | 87 | ||
| Invasive Fetal Therapy | 88 | ||
| Specific Fetal Conditions | 90 | ||
| Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) | 92 | ||
| Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) | 92 | ||
| Thoracic Lesions | 92 | ||
| Myelomeningocele | 93 | ||
| Lower Urinary Tract Obstructions | 93 | ||
| Sacrococcygeal Teratoma | 93 | ||
| Cardiac Anomalies | 93 | ||
| Amniotic Bands | 93 | ||
| Discordant Fetal Anomalies | 93 | ||
| Future Fetal Therapy | 93 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 94 | ||
| References | 94 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Section 4 - The Third Trimester and Late Pregnancy Complications | 95 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Fetal Growth Disorders | 97 | ||
| Intrauterine Growth Restriction | 97 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 100 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Premature Rupture of Membranes | 101 | ||
| Background | 101 | ||
| PROM at Term | 101 | ||
| Etiology and Risk Factors for PPROM | 101 | ||
| Natural Course of PPROM | 102 | ||
| Diagnosis of PROM | 102 | ||
| Initial Evaluation and Management | 103 | ||
| Management Considerations for PPROM | 103 | ||
| Timing of Delivery | 103 | ||
| Previable PPROM (14 to 24 weeks) | 104 | ||
| PPROM and Neurologic Outcomes | 104 | ||
| Delivery Considerations | 104 | ||
| Unique Considerations | 104 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 106 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Preterm Labor and Delivery | 108 | ||
| Introduction | 108 | ||
| Risk Factors | 108 | ||
| Etiology | 109 | ||
| Diagnosis | 110 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 110 | ||
| Late Preterm Birth | 111 | ||
| Management | 111 | ||
| Maternal Transport | 114 | ||
| Prevention of Preterm Delivery | 114 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 115 | ||
| References | 115 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Cervical Ripening, Induction of Labor, and Prolonged Pregnancy | 116 | ||
| Introduction | 116 | ||
| Indications and Contraindications | 116 | ||
| Prolonged Pregnancy | 119 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 121 | ||
| Preinduction Assessment | 122 | ||
| Cervical Ripening | 124 | ||
| Prostaglandins (PG) | 129 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 134 | ||
| References | 135 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Perinatal Infections | 136 | ||
| Toxoplasmosis | 136 | ||
| Syphilis | 137 | ||
| Rubella (German Measles) | 137 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | 138 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) | 138 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 139 | ||
| Group B Streptococcal (GBS) Infection | 139 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | 140 | ||
| Listeriosis | 141 | ||
| Parvovirus | 142 | ||
| Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) | 142 | ||
| Viral Influenza | 143 | ||
| Viral Hepatitis | 143 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 144 | ||
| Section 5 - Childbirth: Intrapartum Care and Puerperium | 147 | ||
| Chapter16 - Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring | 149 | ||
| Electronic Fetal Monitoring | 150 | ||
| Fetal Scalp Blood Sampling | 152 | ||
| Scalp Stimulation | 155 | ||
| Vibroacoustic Stimulation | 155 | ||
| Fetal Pulse Oximetry | 156 | ||
| Fetal Electrocardiogram (EKG) and ST Segment Analysis (STAN) | 156 | ||
| Computer-Aided Analysis of Fetal Heart Tracing | 156 | ||
| Fetal Doppler Velocimetry | 157 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 157 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Management of Labor | 158 | ||
| Definitions: Labor Is the Process of Uterine Activity Leading to Delivery of the Fetus | 158 | ||
| General Management Considerations (Berghella et al, 2008) | 159 | ||
| Latent Phase | 159 | ||
| Active Phase | 161 | ||
| Second Stage | 164 | ||
| VI. Delivery Techniques | 165 | ||
| Third Stage | 166 | ||
| Postpartum Hemorrhage (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1998) | 166 | ||
| Special Considerations | 167 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 167 | ||
| References | 168 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Emergent Management of the Newborn | 169 | ||
| Respiratory Distress | 169 | ||
| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) | 170 | ||
| Airway Obstruction | 170 | ||
| Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | 171 | ||
| The Cyanotic Newborn | 171 | ||
| Suspected Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) | 171 | ||
| Shock | 172 | ||
| Congenital Hydrops | 172 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Obstruction | 172 | ||
| Abdominal Wall Defects | 173 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 173 | ||
| Dysmorphic Newborn | 173 | ||
| Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) | 174 | ||
| Hypotonia | 174 | ||
| Congenital Skin Disorders | 174 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 175 | ||
| References | 175 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Puerperium | 176 | ||
| Definition | 176 | ||
| Normal Puerperium | 176 | ||
| Abnormal Puerperium | 177 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 181 | ||
| References | 181 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Section 6 - Maternal Diseases Complicating Pregnancy | 183 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Cardiac and Pulmonary Disorders in Pregnancy | 185 | ||
| Cardiovascular Diseases | 185 | ||
| Pulmonary Diseases | 190 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 193 | ||
| References | 194 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Renal Disease in Pregnancy | 195 | ||
| Physiologic Renal Changes in Pregnancy | 195 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 195 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 197 | ||
| Acute Renal Failure | 197 | ||
| Nephrotic Syndrome | 199 | ||
| Chronic Renal Failure | 199 | ||
| Dialysis in Pregnancy | 201 | ||
| Renal Transplant in Pregnancy | 201 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 202 | ||
| References | 202 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy | 203 | ||
| Immunity in Pregnancy | 203 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 203 | ||
| Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APAS) | 205 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | 206 | ||
| Scleroderma | 206 | ||
| Sjögren’s Syndrome | 207 | ||
| Autoimmune Thyroid Disease | 207 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 208 | ||
| References | 208 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 23 - Gastroenterologic Disorders in Pregnancy | 209 | ||
| Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy | 209 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD) | 209 | ||
| Appendicitis | 211 | ||
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | 211 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | 212 | ||
| Bariatric Surgery | 213 | ||
| Viral Hepatitis | 213 | ||
| Gallbladder Disease | 215 | ||
| Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) | 215 | ||
| Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP) | 216 | ||
| Pregnancy after Liver Transplantation | 217 | ||
| Pancreatitis | 217 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 218 | ||
| Chapter 24 - Preeclampsia | 220 | ||
| Background | 220 | ||
| Etiology/Pathophysiology | 220 | ||
| Risk Factors | 221 | ||
| Evaluation and Diagnosis | 221 | ||
| Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes | 221 | ||
| Management | 222 | ||
| Prediction of Preeclampsia | 224 | ||
| Prevention of Preeclampsia | 224 | ||
| A Suggested Algorithm for Evaluation of a Patient with a History of Preeclampsia | 224 | ||
| Summary | 224 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 224 | ||
| Chapter 25 - Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy | 226 | ||
| Pregestational Diabetes in Pregnancy | 226 | ||
| Gestational Diabetes | 229 | ||
| Maternal Thyroid Diseases | 230 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 231 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 232 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism | 233 | ||
| VII. Hypoparathyroidism | 233 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 233 | ||
| References | 234 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 26 - Perinatal Substance Abuse | 235 | ||
| Perinatal Substance Abuse in Broad Context | 235 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 242 | ||
| References | 242 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 27 - Neoplasia in Pregnancy | 243 | ||
| Abnormal Cervical Cytology | 244 | ||
| Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) | 245 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma in Situ (AIS) | 245 | ||
| Invasive Cancer of the Cervix | 246 | ||
| Ovarian Cancer | 247 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 249 | ||
| Leukemia | 250 | ||
| Hodgkin’s Disease | 251 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 251 | ||
| Melanoma | 251 | ||
| Placental and Fetal Metastases | 252 | ||
| Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | 252 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 252 | ||
| References | 253 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 28 - Obesity and Pregnancy | 254 | ||
| Obesity and Pregnancy | 254 | ||
| Impact of Gastric Bypass on Pregnancy Outcomes | 255 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 256 | ||
| Section 7 - Reproduction and Fertility | 259 | ||
| Chapter 29 - Management of the Infertile Couple | 261 | ||
| Introduction and Definitions | 261 | ||
| Ovarian Function | 261 | ||
| Uterine Factor | 264 | ||
| Tubal Factor | 264 | ||
| Male Subfertility | 265 | ||
| Unexplained Infertility | 265 | ||
| Assisted Reproductive Technologies | 266 | ||
| Obesity and Reproduction | 268 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 268 | ||
| References | 269 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 30 - Contraception | 270 | ||
| Context | 270 | ||
| Overview | 271 | ||
| Method Use | 279 | ||
| Summary | 284 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 284 | ||
| References | 284 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 31 - Abortion | 285 | ||
| Context | 285 | ||
| First-Trimester Abortion | 286 | ||
| Use of Ultrasound | 288 | ||
| Second-Trimester Abortion | 288 | ||
| Immediate Postabortal Contraception | 292 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 292 | ||
| References | 292 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 32 - Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Thrombophilia | 293 | ||
| Introduction and Definitions | 293 | ||
| Etiologies of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss | 293 | ||
| Parental Genetic Causes of RPL | 294 | ||
| Autoimmune Causes of RPL: The Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome | 295 | ||
| Anatomic Causes of RPL | 296 | ||
| Endocrine Causes of RPL | 296 | ||
| Hematologic Causes of RPL: Inherited Thrombophilia | 297 | ||
| Infectious Causes of RPL | 297 | ||
| Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Associated with RPL | 297 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 298 | ||
| Section 8 - Gynecologic Health | 299 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Menstrual Disorders | 301 | ||
| The Normal Menstrual Cycle | 301 | ||
| Abnormal Bleeding in Adolescents (Table 33-1) | 302 | ||
| Intermenstrual Bleeding | 303 | ||
| Amenorrhea | 306 | ||
| Chronic Menorrhagia | 310 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 311 | ||
| References | 312 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 34 - Benign and Malignant Disease of the Breast | 313 | ||
| Benign Breast Disease (BBD) | 313 | ||
| Benign Breast Disease and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk | 314 | ||
| Fibroadenomas and Phylloides Tumor | 315 | ||
| Breast Papilloma, Papillomatosis/Multiple Papillomas | 317 | ||
| Chemoprevention Recommendations for High-Risk Women | 317 | ||
| Breast Cancer Screening Detection and Treatment | 318 | ||
| Treatment of Noninvasive Cancers (Stage 0) | 319 | ||
| Treatment of Invasive Cancer | 319 | ||
| Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer | 319 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 320 | ||
| Chapter 35 - Management of Diseases of the Vulva and Vagina | 322 | ||
| Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN) | 322 | ||
| Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN) | 322 | ||
| Invasive Cancer of the Vagina | 323 | ||
| Invasive Cancer of the Vulva | 323 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 325 | ||
| Chapter 36 - Management of Diseases of the Cervix | 327 | ||
| Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) | 327 | ||
| Invasive Cervical Cancer | 329 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 333 | ||
| Chapter 37 - Management of Diseases of the Uterus and Endometrium | 334 | ||
| Uterine Leiomyomas | 335 | ||
| Endometrial Hyperplasia | 336 | ||
| Staging of Endometrial Cancer | 337 | ||
| Trends in Uterine Cancer | 338 | ||
| Endometrial Cancer | 338 | ||
| Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) | 342 | ||
| Carcinosarcoma | 342 | ||
| Young Women and Endometrial Cancer | 343 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 343 | ||
| References | 343 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 38 - Carcinoma of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube | 344 | ||
| Clinical Profile: Ovarian Cancer | 344 | ||
| Clinical Profile: Fallopian Tube Carcinoma | 345 | ||
| Primary Management | 346 | ||
| Management of Recurrence | 347 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 347 | ||
| Chapter 39 - Pelvic Floor Disorders | 348 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 348 | ||
| Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 352 | ||
| Anal Incontinence (AI) | 357 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 358 | ||
| Chapter 40 - Perioperative Care | 359 | ||
| Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis | 359 | ||
| Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 361 | ||
| Pulmonary Assessment | 361 | ||
| Cardiovascular Assessment | 362 | ||
| Perioperative Medication Management | 362 | ||
| Perioperative Herbs and Supplements Management | 366 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 366 | ||
| Section 9 - Gynecologic Health: The Peri- and Postmenopausal Woman | 369 | ||
| Chapter 41 - Lower Genital Tract Infections | 371 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | 371 | ||
| Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | 372 | ||
| Vulvovaginal Candidiasis | 373 | ||
| Trichomoniasis | 374 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) | 374 | ||
| Chronic Vaginitis | 375 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 375 | ||
| Chapter 42 - Upper Genital Tract Infections | 376 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 376 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 379 | ||
| Chapter 43 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Women | 380 | ||
| Epidemiology | 380 | ||
| How Do Women Acquire HIV? | 380 | ||
| Women Are More Vulnerable to HIV | 381 | ||
| Updates in HIV Prevention for Women | 381 | ||
| Interventions Performed in the United States to Decrease HIV Transmission during Pregnancy | 382 | ||
| Contraception Counseling for HIV-Positive Women | 383 | ||
| HPV and Cervical Dysplasia in HIV-Infected Women | 383 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 384 | ||
| Section 10 - Sexuality and Women’s Health Psychology | 385 | ||
| Chapter 44 - Chronic Pelvic Pain | 387 | ||
| Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP): Overview | 388 | ||
| Common Gynecologic Causes of CPP | 388 | ||
| Common Nongynecologic Causes of CPP | 389 | ||
| Mechanisms Underlying Pain | 389 | ||
| Complexity of Pelvic Neuroanatomy | 389 | ||
| Pain History | 389 | ||
| Physical Exam for CPP | 390 | ||
| Special Circumstances | 391 | ||
| Additional Tests | 391 | ||
| Management of Common Gynecologic Disorders | 391 | ||
| Nongynecologic Causes of CPP and Their Management | 395 | ||
| Treatment for Musculoskeletal and Neuropathic Causes of CPP | 397 | ||
| CPP without Obvious Pathology | 398 | ||
| Psychological Factors in CPP | 398 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 398 | ||
| Chapter 45 - Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault | 400 | ||
| Childhood Sexual Abuse | 400 | ||
| Sexual Assault | 404 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 409 | ||
| References | 410 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Section 11 - Gynecologic Health: The Postmenopausal Woman | 411 | ||
| Chapter 46 - Care of Elder Women | 413 | ||
| Introduction | 413 | ||
| Menopause | 413 | ||
| Menopause Physiology | 413 | ||
| Diagnosis | 414 | ||
| Hot Flashes | 414 | ||
| Vulvar Atrophy | 414 | ||
| Vulvar Disease | 414 | ||
| Lichen Sclerosus | 414 | ||
| Vulvar Dermatitis | 415 | ||
| Other Vulvar Conditions | 415 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) | 415 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence (UI) | 415 | ||
| Fecal Incontinence | 416 | ||
| Cancer Screening | 417 | ||
| Perioperative Care of the Elder Woman | 419 | ||
| Cognitive State | 420 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 420 | ||
| Chapter 47 - Hormone Therapy | 421 | ||
| History | 421 | ||
| Health Issues in Menopausal Women | 421 | ||
| Types of Hormone Therapy during Menopause | 421 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 422 | ||
| Current Indications for HT Approved by the Food and Drug Administration | 422 | ||
| HT for Vasomotor Symptoms | 422 | ||
| Effects of HT on Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) | 423 | ||
| Observational Studies | 423 | ||
| Clinical Trials | 423 | ||
| HT and Stroke | 423 | ||
| Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) | 423 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 424 | ||
| Endometrial Cancer | 424 | ||
| Ovarian Cancer | 424 | ||
| Colorectal Cancer | 424 | ||
| Cognitive Function | 424 | ||
| Depression and Mood | 425 | ||
| Urogenital Atrophy | 425 | ||
| Testosterone Therapy and Sexual Function | 425 | ||
| DHEA Therapy and Menopause | 425 | ||
| Black Cohosh | 426 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 426 | ||
| Chapter 48 - Osteoporosis and Falls | 427 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 427 | ||
| Falls | 430 | ||
| Follow-up and Monitoring | 436 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 436 | ||
| Chapter 49 - End-of-Life and Hospice Care | 437 | ||
| End-of-Life (EOL) Care | 437 | ||
| Palliative Care: Symptom Management | 438 | ||
| Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) | 439 | ||
| Advanced Directive | 439 | ||
| Hospice Care | 440 | ||
| Physician-Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia | 440 | ||
| Ethical Considerations | 440 | ||
| Role of Palliative Care Teams, Primary Care Providers (PCPs), and Other Health Care Providers | 441 | ||
| Role of the Ob-Gyn | 441 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 441 | ||
| Chapter 50 - Women’s Endocrine Disorders (Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome) | 443 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 444 | ||
| Diabetes Care | 444 | ||
| Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Diabetes | 446 | ||
| Menopause in Women with Diabetes | 447 | ||
| Metabolic Syndrome | 448 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 449 | ||
| Risk of Cardiovascular Disease | 449 | ||
| Risk of Diabetes Mellitus | 449 | ||
| Other Conditions Possibly Associated with Metabolic Syndrome | 449 | ||
| Treatment Modalities (Table 50-6) | 450 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 451 | ||
| References | 451 | ||
| References | e1 | ||
| Chapter 51 - Women’s Autoimmunity | 452 | ||
| Immune System | 452 | ||
| Immune Regulation | 453 | ||
| Reproductive Immunity | 454 | ||
| Autoimmunity | 455 | ||
| Gender and Autoimmunity | 456 | ||
| Treatment of Autoimmunity | 457 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 458 | ||
| Index | 459 |