BOOK
Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery E-Book
Mark D. Walters | Mickey M. Karram | Mark D. Walters | Mickey M. Karram
(2006)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Edited and authored by some of the most respected figures in the field, this newly revised book is your comprehensive guide to all areas of urogynecology, including urinary and fecal incontinence, urodynamic testing, management of genuine stress incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, overactive bladder, and much more. Uniquely organized to reflect a physician's decision-making process, this practical, clinically oriented text moves from basic concepts through to clinical and urodynamic evaluation, management, and treatment. Inside, you'll find evidence-based assessments of appropriate therapies, along with algorithmic approaches to common complaints, and clear surgical illustrations. Exclusive to the third edition is a section addressing painful and irritative voiding disorders, including overactive bladder, as well as 20 new case presentations that offer opinions from the leading experts in urogynecology and urology.
- Features step-by-step instructions for urodynamic testing.
- Addresses all urogynecologic disorders, including genuine stress incontinence · pelvic organ prolapse · defecation disorders · painful and irritative voiding disorders · and specific conditions such as urinary tract infection.
- Presents vital information on urethral injections, covering the newest treatment options available.
- Examines the use of autologous materials and mesh in reconstructive pelvic surgery.
- Uses over 300 crisp illustrations to illuminate every detail.
- Contains a new section on painful and irritative voiding disorders, including a discussion of overactive bladder and the latest treatment options available.
- Discusses urodynamics and the most up-to-date testing available for urethral sphincteric function.
- Features 20 all new case presentations with expert commentary.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Acknowledgments | vi | ||
| List of Authors | vii | ||
| Foreword | xi | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Chapter 1. Historical Milestones in Female Pelvic Surgery, Gynecology, and Female Urology | 3 | ||
| ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS | 3 | ||
| GYNECOLOGY IN ANTIQUITY | 3 | ||
| MEDIEVAL MEDICINE | 5 | ||
| THE RENAISSANCE | 5 | ||
| THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY | 5 | ||
| THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY | 5 | ||
| THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BEFORE THE ASEPTIC AGE | 7 | ||
| THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY | 8 | ||
| THE TWENTIETH CENTURY | 11 | ||
| Chapter 2. Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract, Rectum, and Pelvic Floor | 17 | ||
| EMBRYOLOGY | 17 | ||
| ANATOMY | 20 | ||
| PELVIC ORGAN SUPPORT | 26 | ||
| RECTUM AND ANAL SPHINCTERS | 28 | ||
| Chapter 3. Neurophysiology and Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract | 31 | ||
| GENERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS | 31 | ||
| NEURAL CONTROL OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 32 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF NORMAL BLADDER FILLING, STORAGE, AND VOIDING | 36 | ||
| CLINICAL EFFECTS OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASE ON LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 38 | ||
| CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 40 | ||
| Chapter 4. Epidemiology and Psychosocial Impact of Pelvic Floor Disorders | 44 | ||
| PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE, AND REMISSION | 44 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS | 45 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS | 49 | ||
| ECONOMIC ISSUES | 52 | ||
| Chapter 5. Description and Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 55 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION | 55 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY INCONTINENCE | 56 | ||
| DESCRIPTION AND STAGING OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 58 | ||
| Chapter 6. Evaluation of Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 65 | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 66 | ||
| PERINEAL PAD TESTS | 71 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 71 | ||
| MAKING THE INCONTINENCE DIAGNOSIS | 73 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF OFFICE EVALUATIONS | 73 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR URODYNAMIC TESTS AND CYSTOSCOPY | 75 | ||
| Chapter 7. Urodynamics: Cystometry and Urethral Function Tests | 78 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF CYSTOMETRY | 78 | ||
| STANDARDIZED TERMINOLOGY AND NORMAL CYSTOMETRIC PARAMETERS | 79 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 80 | ||
| METHODOLOGY | 80 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOMETRY | 84 | ||
| VIDEO–URODYNAMIC TESTING | 84 | ||
| AMBULATORY URODYNAMICS (AUD) | 85 | ||
| CYSTOMETRY: ABNORMAL STUDIES | 85 | ||
| URETHRAL FUNCTION TESTS | 88 | ||
| URETHRAL PRESSURE PROFILOMETRY | 88 | ||
| CONTROVERSIES AND CORRELATIONS | 98 | ||
| SUMMARY | 99 | ||
| Chapter 8. Urodynamics: Voiding Studies | 102 | ||
| UROFLOWMETRY | 102 | ||
| PRESSURE-FLOW STUDIES | 106 | ||
| COMBINED STUDIES | 112 | ||
| SUMMARY | 112 | ||
| Chapter 9. Endoscopic Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract | 114 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 114 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 115 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 115 | ||
| CYSTOURETHROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE | 117 | ||
| CYSTOURETHROSCOPIC FINDINGS | 120 | ||
| Chapter 10. Radiologic Studies of the Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor | 124 | ||
| PLAIN FILM OF THE ABDOMEN | 124 | ||
| CYSTOGRAPHY | 125 | ||
| VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY | 126 | ||
| POSITIVE-PRESSURE URETHROGRAPHY | 126 | ||
| VIDEO-CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY | 126 | ||
| ULTRASOUND | 127 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 133 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 133 | ||
| Chapter 11. Neurophysiologic Testing for Pelvic Floor Disorders | 138 | ||
| ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 138 | ||
| NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES | 145 | ||
| SACRAL REFLEXES | 147 | ||
| AUTONOMIC TESTING | 148 | ||
| PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS | 148 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS | 151 | ||
| Chapter 12. Pathophysiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence | 157 | ||
| ELEMENTS OF URINARY CONTINENCE | 157 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF FEMALE URINARY CONTINENCE AND INCONTINENCE | 160 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 163 | ||
| Chapter 13. Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor Disorders | 165 | ||
| IMPACT OF CHILDBIRTH ON PELVIC MUSCLE AND NERVE FUNCTION | 165 | ||
| IMPACT OF CHILDBIRTH ON SPECIFIC PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS | 167 | ||
| THE DEBATE OVER ELECTIVE PRIMARY CESAREAN DELIVERY | 169 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 170 | ||
| Chapter 14. Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Nonsurgical Management | 172 | ||
| THE BLADDER DIARY: A VALUABLE CLINICAL TOOL | 172 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION: PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING AND EXERCISE | 173 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION: BLADDER TRAINING | 175 | ||
| BOWEL MANAGEMENT | 176 | ||
| WEIGHT LOSS AND INCONTINENCE | 176 | ||
| ESTROGEN AND STRESS INCONTINENCE | 176 | ||
| OTHER PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES | 177 | ||
| URETHRAL DEVICES | 178 | ||
| THE INS AND OUTS OF PESSARY USE | 180 | ||
| Chapter 15. Retropubic Operations for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 187 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR RETROPUBIC PROCEDURES | 187 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 188 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS | 190 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF CURE | 191 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 192 | ||
| ROLE OF HYSTERECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF INCONTINENCE | 194 | ||
| PREGNANCY AFTER RETROPUBIC SURGERY | 194 | ||
| Chapter 16. Sling Procedures for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 196 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES | 196 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 197 | ||
| TYPES OF SLINGS | 197 | ||
| TECHNIQUES OF SUBURETHRAL SLING PROCEDURES | 199 | ||
| RESULTS | 207 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 208 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 210 | ||
| Chapter 17. Laparoscopic Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 213 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC RETROPUBIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 213 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR ENTEROCELE, VAGINAL APEX PROLAPSE, AND RECTOCELE | 221 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 224 | ||
| Chapter 18. Urethral Injection of Bulking Agents for Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency | 227 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 227 | ||
| EVALUATION | 228 | ||
| MATERIALS | 228 | ||
| TECHNIQUES | 229 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 230 | ||
| SAFETY | 231 | ||
| EFFECTIVENESS | 232 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 232 | ||
| Chapter 19. Surgical Correction of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse | 234 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY | 234 | ||
| EVALUATION | 235 | ||
| SURGICAL REPAIR TECHNIQUES | 237 | ||
| RESULTS | 241 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 244 | ||
| Chapter 20. Surgical Treatment of Rectocele and Perineal Defects | 246 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 246 | ||
| EVALUATION | 247 | ||
| SURGICAL REPAIR TECHNIQUES | 250 | ||
| ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES | 258 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 259 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 260 | ||
| Chapter 21. Surgical Treatment of Vaginal Vault Prolapse and Enterocele | 262 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 262 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND DEMOGRAPHICS | 263 | ||
| ENTEROCELE | 263 | ||
| VAGINAL PROCEDURES THAT SUSPEND THE APEX | 267 | ||
| ABDOMINAL PROCEDURES THAT SUSPEND THE APEX | 279 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACHES—VAGINAL VERSUS ABDOMINAL | 284 | ||
| UTERINE PRESERVATION DURING SURGERY FOR UTEROVAGINAL PROLAPSE | 285 | ||
| SUMMARY | 285 | ||
| Chapter 22. Obliterative Procedures for Vaginal Prolapse | 288 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES | 288 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 288 | ||
| LE FORT PARTIAL COLPOCLEISIS | 289 | ||
| TOTAL COLPECTOMY AND COLPOCLEISIS | 290 | ||
| URINARY FUNCTION AFTER OBLITERATIVE PROCEDURES | 293 | ||
| QUALITY OF LIFE AND REGRET OF LOSS OF SEXUAL FUNCTION | 293 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 294 | ||
| Chapter 23. The Use of Biologic Tissue and Synthetic Mesh in Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery | 295 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF THE IDEAL GRAFT MATERIAL | 295 | ||
| BIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF HOST TISSUE | 296 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC MATERIAL | 296 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGIC TISSUE | 299 | ||
| UROGYNECOLOGIC PROCEDURES INVOLVING THE USE OF SYNTHETIC MESH AND/OR BIOLOGIC TISSUE | 302 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNTHETIC MESH | 302 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BIOLOGIC TISSUE | 303 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 304 | ||
| Chapter 24. Fecal Incontinence | 309 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 309 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 309 | ||
| EVALUATION | 310 | ||
| NONSURGICAL TREATMENT | 312 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 315 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 318 | ||
| Chapter 25. Constipation | 320 | ||
| DEFINITION AND ETIOLOGY | 320 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 321 | ||
| NONSURGICAL TREATMENT | 324 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 327 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 328 | ||
| Chapter 26. Rectovaginal Fistula and Perineal Breakdown | 331 | ||
| ETIOLOGIES OF RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA | 331 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 332 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 332 | ||
| PERINEAL BREAKDOWN | 335 | ||
| SUMMARY | 337 | ||
| Chapter 27. Rectal Prolapse | 340 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 340 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 340 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 341 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 341 | ||
| COMMON SURGICAL REPAIRS FOR PROLAPSE | 342 | ||
| OUTCOME AND CHOICE OF PROCEDURE | 348 | ||
| Chapter 28. Overactive Bladder Syndrome and Nocturia | 353 | ||
| TERMINOLOGY | 353 | ||
| PREVALENCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 354 | ||
| NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 354 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 357 | ||
| EVALUATION | 362 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 365 | ||
| NOCTURIA | 370 | ||
| Chapter 29. Painful Bladder Syndromes | 377 | ||
| INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS | 377 | ||
| URETHRAL SYNDROME | 382 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PAINFUL BLADDER SYNDROME | 383 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 386 | ||
| Chapter 30. Voiding Dysfunction and Urinary Retention | 390 | ||
| NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MICTURITION | 390 | ||
| EVALUATION OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 392 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 393 | ||
| SPECIFIC CAUSES OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT | 393 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 400 | ||
| Chapter 31. Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy | 402 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 402 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF THE PROCEDURE | 403 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 404 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS | 406 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 407 | ||
| Chapter 32. Lower Urinary Tract Infection | 413 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 413 | ||
| MICROBIOLOGY | 414 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 414 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 416 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 416 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 416 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 417 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 418 | ||
| SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND DIAPHRAGM USE | 421 | ||
| CATHETER-ASSOCIATED INFECTION | 422 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT INSTRUMENTATION | 422 | ||
| PYELONEPHRITIS | 422 | ||
| Chapter 33. The Effects of Gynecologic Cancer on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 425 | ||
| THE EFFECTS OF INTRAFASCIAL HYSTERECTOMY ON LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 426 | ||
| THE EFFECTS OF RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY ON LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 427 | ||
| GENITOURINARY FISTULA AND GYNECOLOGIC MALIGNANCY | 429 | ||
| THE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY ON LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 430 | ||
| THE EFFECTS OF RADIOTHERAPY ON LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 430 | ||
| RELATION OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION TO FEMALE GENITAL TRACT TUMORS | 431 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS | 433 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 433 | ||
| Chapter 34. Gynecologic Injury to the Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra Prevention, Recognition, and Management | 436 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 436 | ||
| PREVENTION OF INJURIES | 436 | ||
| RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF INJURIES | 438 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED GENITOURINARY FISTULAS | 443 | ||
| Chapter 35. Lower Urinary Tract Fistulas | 445 | ||
| HISTORIC PERSPECTIVES | 445 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY | 446 | ||
| PRESENTATION AND INVESTIGATION | 448 | ||
| CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT | 448 | ||
| TIMING OF SURGICAL REPAIR | 449 | ||
| PRESURGICAL MANAGEMENT | 449 | ||
| SURGICAL REPAIR | 449 | ||
| URINARY DIVERSION | 457 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 458 | ||
| PREVENTION | 458 | ||
| Chapter 36. Urethral Diverticula | 461 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 461 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 461 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 462 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 463 | ||
| RADIOLOGIC IMAGING | 464 | ||
| URETHRAL AND URETHRAL DIVERTICULAR PATHOLOGY | 465 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF FEMALE URETHRAL DIVERTICULA | 465 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 468 | ||
| SUMMARY | 470 | ||
| Chapter 37. The Urinary Tract in Pregnancy | 472 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE URINARY TRACT IN PREGNANCY | 472 | ||
| RENAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY | 473 | ||
| TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION IN PREGNANCY | 473 | ||
| URINARY TRACT DISEASES IN PREGNANCY | 475 | ||
| Chapter 38. Bladder Drainage and Urinary Protective Methods | 490 | ||
| BLADDER DRAINAGE | 490 | ||
| URINE LOSS APPLIANCES | 495 | ||
| Chapter 39. Outcomes And Quality- Of-Life Measures In Pelvic Floor Research | 499 | ||
| SYMPTOM DIARIES | 501 | ||
| PAD TESTING | 502 | ||
| ANATOMIC OUTCOMES | 503 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGIC TESTING | 504 | ||
| QUESTIONNAIRES | 504 | ||
| PATIENT-SELECTED GOALS | 509 | ||
| Chapter 40. Case Presentations with Expert Discussions | 515 | ||
| CASE 1 | 515 | ||
| CASE 2 | 518 | ||
| CASE 3 | 520 | ||
| CASE 4 | 523 | ||
| CASE 5 | 525 | ||
| CASE 6 | 527 | ||
| CASE 7 | 530 | ||
| CASE 8 | 532 | ||
| CASE 9 | 534 | ||
| CASE 10 | 537 | ||
| CASE 11 | 538 | ||
| CASE 12 | 540 | ||
| CASE 13 | 540 | ||
| CASE 14 | 541 | ||
| CASE 15 | 542 | ||
| CASE 16 | 543 | ||
| CASE 17 | 545 | ||
| CASE 18 | 545 | ||
| CASE 19 | 546 | ||
| Appendix A. Appendix The Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function Recommended by the International Continence Society* | 549 | ||
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 549 | ||
| 2. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT | 549 | ||
| 3. PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE EVALUATION OF URINE STORAGE | 550 | ||
| 4. PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE EVALUATION OF MICTURITION | 553 | ||
| 5. PROCEDURES RELATED TO NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE URINARY TRACT DURING FILLING AND VOIDING | 555 | ||
| 6. CLASSIFICATION OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION | 557 | ||
| 7. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT | 560 | ||
| 8. SYMBOLS | 560 | ||
| Appendix B. Appendix The Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Report from the Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society | 562 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS (LUTS) | 563 | ||
| SIGNS SUGGESTIVE OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION (LUTD) | 563 | ||
| URODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS | 563 | ||
| CONDITIONS | 563 | ||
| TREATMENT | 563 | ||
| 1. LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS (LUTS) | 563 | ||
| 2. SIGNS SUGGESTIVE OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION (LUTD) | 566 | ||
| 3. URODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS AND CONDITIONS | 567 | ||
| 4. CONDITIONS | 571 | ||
| 5. TREATMENT | 571 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 572 | ||
| ADDENDUM | 572 | ||
| Appendix C. Appendix Standardisation Reports of the International Continence Society (ICS) | 574 | ||
| Appendix D. Appendix Sample Questionnaires for Several Recommended Outcome Measures for Women with Pelvic Floor Disorders | 576 | ||
| INTERNATIONAL CONSULTATION ON INCONTINENCE QUESTIONNAIRE-SHORT FORM (ICIQ-SF) | 576 | ||
| UROGENITAL DISTRESS INVENTORY-6 AND INCONTINENCE IMPACT QUESTIONNAIRE-7 | 576 | ||
| INCONTINENCE QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENT (I-QOL) | 576 | ||
| PELVIC FLOOR DISTRESS INVENTORY-SHORT FORM 20 | 576 | ||
| PELVIC FLOOR IMPACT QUESTIONNAIRE-SHORT FORM 7 | 576 | ||
| PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE/URINARY INCONTINENCE SEXUAL FUNCTION QUESTIONNAIRE (PISQ-12) | 576 | ||
| Index | 589 | ||
| Color Plate Section | Color Plate-1 |