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Essence of Anesthesia Practice E-Book

Essence of Anesthesia Practice E-Book

Lee A Fleisher | Michael F. Roizen

(2010)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Essence of Anesthesiology Practice makes it easy to formulate anesthesia plans through a consistent format and discussions of the problems, causes, comorbidities, and anesthesia implications for over 600 clinical topics. Drs. Fleisher and Roizen present a completely revised new edition that includes coverage of many new conditions, procedures, and drugs.

  • Easily formulate anesthesia plans through a consistent format that covers a single clinical topic on each page, with a review of its problems, causes, comorbidities, and anesthesia implications.
  • Get state-of-art, reliable coverage from an international team of experts who discuss common and rare conditions and how to manage them.
  • Understand the interactions of common drugs and alternative medicine so that you can develop anesthesia plans accordingly.
  • Quickly reference key information using the carefully templated text that highlights the most important anesthetic considerations in a consistent, user-friendly layout.
  • Stay current on the latest anesthetic implications in regards to coexisting diseases, procedures, drugs, and alternative and complementary therapies, including coverage of mitochondrial myopathy, atrial fibrillation ablation, awake craniotomy, stereotactic neurosurgery, neuroprotection, dexmedetomidine, and other hot topics.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Essence of Anesthesia Practice iii
Copyright iv
Dedication v
Contributors vii
Foreword xxxiii
Preface xxxv
Contents xxxvii
Abbreviations xliii
Symbols xliii
Section I: Diseases 1
Abruptio Placentae 2
Assessment Points 2
Achondroplasia, Dwarfism 3
Assessment Points 3
Acidosis, Lactic/Metabolic 5
Assessment Points 5
Acromegaly 6
Assessment Points 6
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 8
Assessment Points 8
Addison’s Disease 9
Assessment Points 9
Adrenal Insufficiency, Acute or Secondary 10
Assessment Points 10
Alcohol Abuse 11
Assessment Points 11
Allergy 12
Assessment Points 12
Amniotic Fluid Embolism 13
Assessment Points 13
Anaphylaxis 16
Assessment Points 16
Anemia, Aplastic 17
Assessment Points 17
Anemia, Chronic Disease/Inflammation 18
Assessment Points 18
Anemia, Hemolytic 19
Assessment Points 19
Angina, Chronic Stable 20
Assessment Points 20
Anhidrosis (Congenital Anhidrotic Ectodermanl Dysplasia) 21
Assessment Points 21
Ankylosing Spondylitis 22
Assessment Points 22
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage 23
Assessment Points 23
Anorexia Nervosa 24
Assessment Points 24
Anticoagulation, Preoperative 26
Assessment Points 26
Antithrombin III Deficiency 27
Assessment Points 27
Aortic Regurgitation 28
Assessment Points 28
Aortic Stenosis 29
Assessment Points 29
Apnea of the Newborn 30
Assessment Points 30
Appendicitis, Acute 31
Assessment Points 31
Aspiration, Perioperative: Prevention and Management 32
Assessment Points 32
Asthma, Acute 33
Assessment Points 33
Atherosclerotic Disease 34
Assessment Points 34
Atrial Fibrillation 35
Assessment Points 35
Atrial Flutter 36
Assessment Points 36
Atrial Septal Defect, Ostium Primum 37
Assessment Points 37
Atrial Septal Defect, Ostium Secundum 38
Assessment Points 38
Autoimmune Diseases, Cold 39
Assessment Points 39
Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD) 40
Assessment Points 40
AV and Bifascicular Heart Block 41
Assessment Points 41
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome 42
Assessment Points 42
Bilirubinemia of the Newborn 43
Assessment Points 43
Blebs and Bullae 44
Assessment Points 44
Bleomycin Sulfate Toxicity 45
Assessment Points 45
Blindness 46
Assessment Points 46
Botulism 47
Assessment Points 47
Brain Death 49
Assessment Points 49
Bronchiectasis 50
Assessment Points 50
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome 51
Assessment Points 51
Bronchitis, Chronic 53
Assessment Points 53
Bronchiopulmonary Dysplasia 54
Assessment Points 54
Buerger’s Disease: Thromboangiitis Obliterans 55
Assessment Points 55
Bulimia 56
Assessment Points 56
Burn Injury, Chemical 57
Assessment Points 57
Burn Injury, Electrical 58
Assessment Points 58
Burn Injury, Flame 60
Assessment Points 60
Calcium Deficiency/Hypocalcemia 61
Assessment Points 61
Cancer, Bladder 62
Assessment Points 62
Cancer, Breast 63
Assessment Points 63
Cancer, Bronchial 64
Assessment Points 64
Cancer, Esophageal 65
Assessment Points 65
Cancer, Lung Parenchyma 66
Assessment Points 66
Cancer, Prostate 67
Assessment Points 67
Candidiasis 68
Assessment Points 68
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning 69
Assessment Points 69
Carcinoid Syndrome 70
Assessment Points 70
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic 71
Assessment Points 71
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic (HCM) 72
Assessment Points 72
Cardiomyopathy, Ischemic 74
Assessment Points 74
Carnitine Deficiency 75
Assessment Points 75
Carotid Sinus Syndrome 76
Assessment Points 76
Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation 77
Assessment Points 77
Cephalopelvic Disproportion 78
Assessment Points 78
Cerebral Arteriovenous \nMalformations (AVMs) 79
Assessment Points 79
Cerebral Palsy 80
Assessment Points 80
Cerebrovascular Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) 81
Assessment Points 81
Cervical Disk Disease (Cervical Spine Disease) 82
Assessment Points 82
Chagas’ Disease 83
Assessment Points 83
Cherubism 84
Assessment Points 84
Cigarette Smoking 85
Assessment Points 85
Cigarette Smoking Cessation 86
Assessment Points 86
Cleft Palate 87
Assessment Points 87
Coagulopathy, Factor IX Deficiency 88
Assessment Points 88
Coarctation of the Aorta 89
Assessment Points 89
Complement Deficiency 90
Assessment Points 90
Congenital Pulmonary Cystic Lesions/Lobar Emphysema 91
Assessment Points 91
Congenital Methemoglobinemia 92
Assessment Points 92
Congestive Heart Failure 93
Assessment Points 93
Conn’s Syndrome 95
Assessment Points 95
Constipation 96
Assessment Points 96
Conversion Disorder 97
Assessment Points 97
Cor Pulmonale 98
Assessment Points 98
Coronary Artery Disease (Left Main and Non-Left Main Disease) 99
Assessment Points 99
Coronary Artery Spasm (CAS) 101
Assessment Points 101
Craniosynostosis 102
Assessment Points 102
CREST Syndrome 103
Assessment Points 103
Cri Du Chat Syndrome \n(5p Syndrome) 104
Assessment Points 104
Crohn’s Disease 105
Assessment Points 105
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) 106
Assessment Points 106
Cryptococcus Infection 107
Assessment Points 107
Cushing’s Syndrome 108
Assessment Points 108
Cyanide Poisoning 109
Assessment Points 109
Cystic Fibrosis 110
Assessment Points 110
Cytomegalovirus Infection 111
Assessment Points 111
Deep Vein Thrombosis 112
Assessment Points 112
Degenerative Disk Disease 113
Assessment Points 113
Delirium (Postanesthetic) 114
Assessment Points 114
Dementia 115
Assessment Points 115
Depression, Unipolar 117
Assessment Points 117
Diabetes, Type I (Insulin-Dependent) 118
Assessment Points 118
Diabetes, Type II (Noninsulin-Dependent) 119
Assessment Points 119
Diabetes, Type III (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) 120
Assessment Points 120
Diabetes Insipidus 121
Assessment Points 121
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) 122
Assessment Points 122
Diaphragmatic Hernia (Congenital) 123
Assessment Points 123
Diarrhea, Acute and Chronic 124
Assessment Points 124
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) 125
Assessment Points 125
Diphtheria 126
Assessment Points 126
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) 128
Assessment Points 128
Diverticulosis 129
Assessment Points 129
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders 130
Assessment Points 130
Double Aortic Arch 131
Assessment Points 131
Down Syndrome 133
Assessment Points 133
Drug Abuse, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 134
Assessment Points 134
Drug Overdose, Rat Poison (Warfarin Toxicity) 135
Assessment Points 135
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy) 136
Assessment Points 136
Duodenal Atresia 137
Assessment Points 137
Echinococcosis 138
Assessment Points 138
Eclampsia 140
Assessment Points 140
Eisenmenger’s Syndrome 141
Assessment Points 141
Emphysema 143
Assessment Points 143
Encephalitis 144
Assessment Points 144
Encephalopathy, Hypertensive 145
Assessment Points 145
Encephalopathy, Metabolic 147
Assessment Points 147
Encephalopathy, Postanoxic 148
Assessment Points 148
Endocardial \nCushion Defect 149
Assessment Points 149
Epidermolysis Bullosa 150
Assessment Points 150
Epiglottitis 151
Assessment Points 151
Familial Dysautonomia \n(Riley-Day Syndrome) 152
Assessment Points 152
Familial Periodic Paralysis (Hyperkalemic) 153
Assessment Points 153
Familial Periodic Paralysis (Hypokalemic) 154
Assessment Points 154
Fat Embolism 155
Assessment Points 155
Foreign Body Aspiration 156
Assessment Points 156
Friedreich’s Ataxia 157
Assessment Points 157
Gastrinoma 158
Assessment Points 158
Gastroesophageal Reflux \nin Children 159
Assessment Points 159
Glaucoma, Closed-Angle 160
Assessment Points 160
Glaucoma, Open-Angle 161
Assessment Points 161
Glomus Jugulare Tumors 162
Assessment Points 162
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia 163
Assessment Points 163
Gonorrhea 164
Assessment Points 164
Guillain-Barré Syndrome 165
Assessment Points 165
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis 166
Assessment Points 166
Headache, Migraine 167
Assessment points (Mainly side effects and toxicity of antimigrainous therapy.) 167
HELLP Syndrome 168
Assessment Points 168
Hemophilia 169
Assessment Points 169
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) 170
Assessment Points 170
Hepatitis, Alcoholic 171
Assessment Points 171
Hepatitis, Halothane 172
Assessment Points 172
Hepatitis A 173
Assessment Points 173
Hepatitis B 175
Assessment Points 175
Hepatitis C 176
Assessment Points 176
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease) 178
Assesment Points 178
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus 179
Assessment Points 179
Herpes, Type I 180
Assessment points 180
Herpes, Type II 181
Assessment Points (Primary and Recurrent) 181
Hirschsprung’s Disease 182
Assessment Points 182
Histiocytosis 183
Assessment Points 183
Hydrocephalus 184
Assessment Points 184
Hyperaldosteronism (Secondary) 185
Assessment Points 185
Hypercalcemia 186
Assessment Points 186
Hypercholesterolemia 188
Assessment Points 188
Hyperglycemia 189
Assessment Points 189
Hyperkalemia 190
Assessment Points 190
Hypermagnesemia 191
Assessment Points 191
Hypernatremia 192
Assessment Points 192
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) 193
Assessment Points 193
Hyperparathyroidism 194
Assessment Points 194
Hypertension 195
Assessment Points 195
Hypertension, Uncontrolled with Cardiomyopathy 197
Assessment Points 197
Hyperthyroidism 198
Assessment Points 198
Hypertriglyceridemia 199
Assessment Points 199
Hypokalemia 200
Assessment Points 200
Hypomagnesemia 201
Assessment Points 201
Hyponatremia 203
Assessment Points 203
Hypophosphatemia 205
Assessment Points 205
Hypopituitarism 206
Assessment Points 206
Hypothermia, Mild 208
Assessment Points 208
Hypothyroidism 209
Assessment Points 209
Hypoxemia 210
Assessment Points 210
IgA Deficiency 211
Assessment Points 211
Immune Suppression 212
Assessment Points 212
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) 213
Assessment Points 213
Infratentorial Tumors 215
Assessment Points 215
Insulinoma 216
Assessment points 216
Intracranial Hypertension (ICH) 217
Assessment Points 217
Intraoperative Recall 218
Assessment Points 218
Jaundice 219
Assessment Points 219
Jehovah’s Witness Patient 221
Assessment Points 221
Jeune Syndrome (Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy) 222
Assessment Points 222
Kartagener’s Syndrome 223
Assessment Points 223
Klippel-Feil Syndrome 224
Assessment Points 224
Latex Allergy 225
Assessment Points 225
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome 226
Assessment Points 226
Leukemia 227
Assessment Points 227
Lipidemias 228
Assessment Points 228
Ludwig’s Angina 229
Assessment Points 229
Lyme Disease 230
Assessment Points 230
Lymphomas 231
Assessment Points 231
Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) and Other Anesthetic-Induced Myodystrophies (AIM) 232
Assessment Points 232
Malnutrition 234
Assessment Points 234
Marfan’s Syndrome 235
Assessment Points 235
Mastocytosis 236
Assessment Points 236
Mediastinal Masses 238
Assessment Points 238
Mesothelioma 240
Assessment Points 240
Methemoglobinemia 241
Assessment Points 241
Mitochondrial Myopathy 242
Assessment Points 242
Mitral Regurgitation 243
Assessment Points 243
Mitral Stenosis 244
Assessment Points 244
Mitral Valve Prolapse 245
Assessment Points 245
Mobitz I (Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block) 246
Assessment Points 246
Mobitz II (Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block) 247
Assessment Points 247
Morbid Obesity 248
Assessment Points 248
Moyamoya 249
Assessment Points 249
Mucopolysaccharidoses 250
Assessment Points 250
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Type I and II 252
Assessment Points 252
Multiple Myeloma 254
Assessment Points 254
Multiple Sclerosis 255
Assessment Points 255
Multisystem Organ Failure, Lung Dysfunction In 256
Assessment Points 256
Myasthenia Gravis 257
Assessment Points 257
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection 258
Assessment Points 258
Myocardial Contusion (Blunt Cardiac Injury) 259
Assessment Points 259
Myocardial Ischemia (MIsch) 260
Assessment Points 260
Myotonia Dystrophica (Myotonic Dystrophy, Steinert’s Disease) 261
Assessment Points 261
Myxoma 263
Assessment Points 263
Narcolepsy 264
Assessment Points 264
Necrotizing Enterocolitis 265
Assessment Points 265
Necrotizing Fasciitis 266
Assessment Points 266
Neurofibromatosis (NF) 268
Assessment Points 268
Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease 269
Assessment Points 269
Opitz-Frias Syndrome \n(The G Syndrome) 270
Assessment Points 270
Osteoarthritis 271
Assessment Points 271
Osteoporosis 272
Assessment Points 272
Otitis Media 273
Assessment Points 273
Pacemakers 275
Assessment Points 275
Pancreatitis, Acute 277
Assessment Points 277
Pancreatitis, Chronic 278
Assessment Points 278
Parkinson’s Disease (Paralysis Agitans) 279
Assessment Points 279
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia 281
Assessment Points 281
Patent Ductus Arteriosus 282
Assessment Points 282
Pemphigus 283
Assessment Points 283
Pericardial Effusion 284
Assessment Points 284
Pericarditis, Constrictive 285
Assessment Points 285
Peripheral Vascular Disease 286
Assessment Points 286
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) 287
Assessment Points 287
Pheochromocytoma 289
Assessment Points 289
Physiologic Anemia and the Anemia of Prematurity 290
Assessment Points (Apply to Preterm Infants Only) 290
Pickwickian Syndrome 291
Assessment Points 291
Pierre Robin Syndrome 292
Assessment Points 292
Pituitary Tumors 293
Assessment Points 293
Placenta Previa 294
Assessment Points 294
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) 295
Assessment Points 295
Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease 296
Assessment Points 296
Postoperative Encephalopathy, Metabolic 297
Assessment Points 297
Prader-Willi Syndrome 298
Assessment Points 298
Preeclampsia 299
Assessment Points 299
Pregnancy, Ectopic 300
Assessment Points 300
Pregnancy, Intra-Abdominal 302
Assessment Points 302
Pregnancy, Maternal Physiology 303
Assessment Points 303
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension 305
Assessment Points 305
Preterm Infant 306
Assessment Points 306
Protein C Deficiency 308
Assessment Points 308
Pulmonary Atresia 309
Assessment Points 309
Pulmonary Embolism 310
Assessment Points 310
Purpura, Immune Thrombocytopenic (ITP) 311
Assessment Points 311
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic (TTP) 312
Assessment Points 312
Pyloric Stenosis 313
Assessment Points 313
Q Fever 314
Assessment Points 314
Raynaud’s Phenomenon 315
Assessment Points 315
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (Complex Peripheral Pain Syndrome) 316
Assessment Points 316
Renal Failure, Acute (ARF) 317
Assessment Points 317
Renal Failure, Chronic 318
Assessment Points 318
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 319
Assessment Points 319
Rett Syndrome 320
Assessment Points 320
Reye’s Syndrome 321
Assessment Points 321
Rheumatoid Arthritis 322
Assessment Points 322
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 323
Assessment Points 323
Sarcoidosis 324
Assessment Points 324
Sarcoma 325
Assessment Points 325
Schizophrenia 326
Assessment Points 326
Scleroderma 327
Assessment Points 327
Scoliosis and Kyphosis 328
Assessment Points 328
Seizures, Epileptic 330
Assessment Points 330
Seizures, Grand Mal (Tonic-Clonic) 331
Assessment Points 331
Seizures, Intractable 332
Assessment Points 332
Seizures, Petit Mal (Absence) 333
Assessment Points 333
Septic Shock, Hyperdynamic; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) 334
Assessment Points 334
Shy-Drager Disease 335
Assessment Points 335
Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) 336
Assessment Points 336
Sickle Cell Disease 337
Assessment Points 337
Sickle Cell Trait 338
Assessment Points 338
Silicosis 339
Assessment points 339
Single (Including Common) Ventricle 341
Assessment Points 341
Sleep Apnea, Central and Mixed 342
Assessment Points 342
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive 343
Assessment Points 343
Spasmodic Torticollis 344
Assessment Points 344
Subclavian Steal Syndrome 345
Assessment Points 345
Subphrenic Abscess 346
Assessment Points 346
Supratentorial Brain Tumors 347
Assessment Points 347
Supraventricular Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias) 349
Assessment Points 349
Swallowing Disorders 350
Assessment Points 350
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) 351
Assessment Points 351
Syndrome X 352
Assessment Points 352
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 353
Assessment Points 353
Tetanus 354
Assessment Points 354
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 355
Assessment Points 355
Thalassemia 356
Assessment Points 356
Thrombocytopenia 358
Assessment Points 358
Thyroid Neoplasms 359
Assessment Points 359
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) 360
Assessment Points 360
Transverse Myelitis 361
Assessment Points 361
Treacher Collins Syndrome 362
Assessment Points 362
Tricuspid Atresia 363
Assessment Points 363
Trigeminal Neuralgia \n(TIC Doloureux) 364
Assessment Points 364
Truncus Arteriosus 365
Assessment Points 365
Tuberculosis (TB) 367
Assessment Points 367
Ulcerative Colitis, Chronic 368
Assessment Points 368
Upper Respiratory Infections 369
Assessment Points 369
Urinary Lithiasis 370
Assessment Points 370
Urticaria, Cold 371
Assessment Points 371
Uterine Rupture 372
Assessment Points 372
Varicella-Zoster Virus 373
Assessment Points 373
Ventricular Fibrillation 374
Assessment Points 374
Ventricular Preexcitation Syndrome 375
Assessment Points 375
Ventricular Septal Defect (Congenital) 377
Assessment Points 377
Ventricular Septal Rupture (Defect), Post Myocardial Infarction 378
Assessment Points 378
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 379
Assessment Points 379
Ventricular Tachycardia 380
Assessment Points 380
Vitamin B12/Folate Deficiency 381
Assessment Points 381
Vitamin D Deficiency 382
Assessment Points 382
Vitamin K Deficiency 384
Assessment Points 384
Von Willebrand’s Disease 385
Assessment Points 385
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia 386
Assessment Points 386
Wilms’ Tumor 387
Assessment Points 387
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome 388
Assessment Points 388
Section II: Procedures 389
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair 390
Assessment Points 390
Abdominoperineal Resection 391
Assessment Points 391
Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma 392
Assessment Points 392
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy 393
Assessment Points 393
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) 395
Assessment Points 395
Amputation, Above-Knee (AKA) 396
Assessment Points 396
Amputation, Lower Extremity (LEA) 397
Assessment Points 397
Aneurysm Coiling 398
Assessment Points 398
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) 400
Assessment Points 400
Aortic Valve Replacement 401
Assessment Points 401
Aortopulmonary Window 402
Assessment Points 402
Appendectomy 403
Assessment Points 403
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation 404
Assessment Points 404
Atrial Septal Defect, Repair of 406
Assessment Points 406
AV Graft for Hemodialysis 407
Assessment Points 407
Blalock-Taussig Shunt (BTS) 409
Assessment Points 409
Blood Components 410
Assessment Points 410
Blowout Orbital Fracture 411
Assessment Points 411
Bone Marrow Transplantation (Harvest Procedure) 412
Assessment Points 412
Bowel Resection 413
Assessment Points 413
Brain Cortex Resection \n(for Epilepsy) 414
Assessment Points 414
Breast Biopsy 416
Assessment Points 416
Bronchoscopy, Fiberoptic 417
Assessment Points 417
Bronchoscopy, Rigid 418
Assessment Points 418
Burr Hole 419
Assessment Points 419
Bypass, Femoral-Femoral 420
Assessment Points 420
Bypass Graft Procedure, Infrainguinal 421
Assessment Points 421
Carcinoid, Excision of 423
Assessment Points 423
Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) 425
Assessment Points 425
Cardioversion 426
Assessment Points 426
Carotid Endarterectomy 427
Assessment Points 427
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 428
Assessment Points 428
Cataract ± Iol 429
Assessment Points 429
Cerebral AVM Repair 430
Assessment Points 430
Cervical Spine Fusion 431
Assessment Points 431
Cesarean Section, Emergent 432
Assessment Points 432
Cesarean Section, Planned 434
Assessment Points 434
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic 435
Assessment Points 435
Cholecystectomy, Open 436
Assessment Points 436
Circumcision 437
Assessment Points 437
Cleft Lip Repair 438
Assessment Points 438
Cleft Palate Repair 439
Assessment Points 439
Colostomy 440
Assessment Points 440
Coronary Artery Bypass \nGraft (CABG) 441
Assessment Points 441
Craniotomy 442
Assessment Points 442
Craniotomy, Awake 443
Assessment Points 443
Craniotomy, Sitting Position 444
Assessment Points 444
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) 445
Assessment Points 445
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) 447
Assessment Points 447
Endovascular Aortic Stent Repairs 448
Assessment Points 448
Esophagectomy 449
Assessment Points 449
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 450
Assessment Points 450
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) 451
Assessment Points 451
Eye Enucleation 452
Assessment Points 452
Gas Embolism 453
Assessment Points 453
Gastrectomy 454
Assessment Points 454
Gastric Bypass Stapling for Morbid Obesity 455
Assessment Points 455
Gastroschisis Surgery 456
Assessment Points 456
Geriatric Surgery 457
GI Endoscopy/EGD, Non-Operating Room Anesthesia 458
Assessment Points 458
GIFT Procedure 459
Assessment Points 459
Heart Transplant, Adult 460
Assessment Points 460
Heart Transplant, Pediatric 461
Assessment Points 461
Herniorrhaphy 462
Assessment Points 462
Hip Fracture Repair 463
Assessment Points 463
Hypospadias Repair 464
Assessment Points 464
Hysterectomy, Vaginal 465
Assessment Points 465
Hysteroscopy 466
Assessment Points 466
Ileostomy 467
Assessment Points 467
Imperforate Anus Repair 468
Assessment Points 468
Implantable Cardioverter\nDefibrillators (ICDs), Implantation 470
Assessment Points 470
Inguinal Herniorrhaphy 472
Assessment Points 472
Intestinal Obstruction 473
Assessment Points 473
Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation (IABCP) 474
Assessment Points 474
Intussuscepted Bowel Repair 475
Assessment Points 475
Joint Replacement Cementing (Methylmethacrylate Cementing) 476
Assessment Points 476
Kasai Procedure 477
Assessment Points 477
Kidney Transplantation 478
Assessment Points 478
Knee Arthroscopy 479
Assessment Points 479
Labor, Epidural Block 480
Assessment Points 480
Labor, Peripheral Blocks 482
Assessment Points 482
Laparoscopy, Gynecologic 483
Assessment Points 483
Laryngoscopy 484
Assessment Points 484
Laser Surgery of Airway 485
Assessment Points 485
Liver Resection 486
Assessment Points 486
Liver Transplantation 487
Assessment Points 487
Liver Transplantation, Pediatric 489
Assessment Points 489
Lumbar Laminectomy 491
Assessment Points 491
Lung Transplantation 493
Assessment Points 493
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) 495
Assessment Points 495
Mastectomy 496
Assessment Points 496
Meningomyelocele Repair 497
Assessment Points 497
Mitral Valve Replacement 498
Assessment Points 498
Muscle Biopsy for Undiagnosed Myopathy 500
Assessment Points 500
Myringotomy and Tympanostomy 501
Assessment Points 501
Nephrectomy/Radical Nephrectomy 502
Assessment Points 502
Neuroprotection 503
Assessment Points 503
Neuroradiology 504
Assessment Points 504
Off Pump and Minimally Invasive Cardiac Procedures 505
Assessment Points 505
Office-Based Anesthesia 506
Assessment Points 506
Omphalocele Surgery 507
Assessment Points 507
Orchiopexy 508
Assessment Points 508
ORIF of Hip 509
Assessment Points 509
Pacemaker Implantation for Sick Sinus Syndrome 510
Assessment Points 510
Pancreas Transplantation 511
Assessment Points 511
Parathyroidectomy 512
Assessment Points 512
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), Ligation of 513
Assessment Points 513
Pituitary Resection, Transsphenoidal Approach 514
Assessment Points 514
Pneumonectomy 516
Assessment Points 516
Pregnant Surgical Patient 517
Assessment Points 517
Pyloric Stenosis Repair 518
Assessment Points 518
Radical Neck Dissection 519
Assessment Points 519
Radical Prostatectomy (Retropubic) 520
Assessment Points 520
Retained Placenta, Removal of 521
Assessment Points 521
Retinal Buckle Surgery 522
Assessment Points 522
Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar Abscess Drainage in Adults 523
Assessment Points 523
Rotator Cuff Repair 524
Assessment Points 524
Scoliosis and Kyphosis Surgery 525
Assessment Points 525
Seizure Surgery 527
Assessment Points 527
Spinal Fusion 529
Assessment Points 529
Splenectomy 531
Assessment Points 531
Split-Thickness Skin Graft 532
Assessment Points 532
Stereotactic Neurosurgery 533
Assessment Points 533
Strabismus Repair 535
Assessment Points 535
Testicular Torsion Surgery 536
Assessment Points 536
Tetralogy of Fallot, Correction of 537
Assessment Points 537
Thoracic Aortic Repair 538
Assessment Points 538
Thyroidectomy (Open or Minimally Invasive) for Hyperthyroidism 540
Assessment Points 540
TMJ Arthroscopy 541
Assessment Points 541
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy 542
Assessment Points 542
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy 543
Assessment Points 543
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Correction 544
Assessment Points 544
Total Hip Arthroplasty 545
Assessment Points 545
Total Knee Arthroplasty 546
Assessment Points 546
Tracheal Resection 547
Assessment Points 547
Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair 548
Assessment Points 548
Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy and Cricothyroidotomy 549
Assessment Points 549
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) 550
Assessment Points 550
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) 552
Assessment Points 552
Transposition of€the Great Arteries, \nL Form (L-TGA) 553
Assessment Points 553
Transsphenoidal Surgery 554
Assessment Points 554
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor 555
Assessment Points 555
Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) 556
Assessment Points 556
Trauma 557
Assessment Points 557
Tubal Ligation 558
Assessment Points 558
Ureteral Reimplantation 560
Assessment Points 560
Ureteral Stent Placement 561
Assessment Points 561
Vaginal Delivery, Normal 562
Assessment Points 562
Venous Air Embolism 563
Assessment Points 563
Ventricular Septal Defect, Repair of 564
Assessment Points 564
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt 566
Assessment Points 566
Whipple Procedure (Pancreatico Duodenectomy) 567
Assessment Points 567
Section III: Drugs 569
ACE Inhibitors 570
Assessment Points 570
Acetaminophen 571
Assessment Points 571
Alkylating Agents 572
Drug Effects 572
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists 573
Drug Effects 573
Aminophylline 575
Drug Effects 575
Amphetamines 576
Drug Effects 576
Angiotensin II Receptor \nBlocking Drugs 577
Drug Effects 577
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) 578
Drug Effects 578
Asthma Drugs, New 579
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) 580
Drug Effects 580
Atropine 581
Assessment Points 581
Benzodiazepines (Midazolam, Lorazepam, Diazepam) 582
Drug Effects 582
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists (Blockers) 583
Drug Effects 583
Bicarbonate Sodium 584
Drug Effects 584
Bleomycin 585
Assessment Points 585
Calcium-Channel Blockers 586
Assessment Points 586
Capsaicin 587
Drug Effects 587
Carbamazepine 588
Drug Effects 589
Chemotherapeutic Agents 590
Drug Class 590
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) 592
Drug Effects 592
Cimetidine 593
Drug Effects 593
Cisplatin 594
Drug Effects 594
Clopidogrel Bisulfate 595
Drug Effects 595
Cocaine 596
Drug Effects 596
Cromolyn Sodium 597
Drug Effects 597
Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) 598
Drug Effects 598
Digitalis (Digoxin) 599
Drug Effects 599
Diuretics 600
Drug Effects 600
Dobutamine 601
Drug Effects 601
Dopamine 602
Drug Effects 602
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Daunorubicin (Cerubidine) 603
Drug Effects 603
Ephedrine 604
Drug Effects 604
Epinephrine 605
Drug Effects 605
Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA) (Amicar) 606
Drug Effects 606
Fluoxetine (Prozac) 607
Drug Effects 607
Folic Acid 608
Drug Effects 608
Gold (Auranofin, Aurothioglucose, Aurothiomalate) 609
Drug Effects 609
Haloperidol (Haldol) 610
Drug Effects 610
Hormone Replacement \nTherapy (HRT) 611
Drug Effects 611
Insulin Receptor Modifiers 612
Drug Effects 612
Isoproterenol (Isuprel,€Medihaler-ISO) 613
Drug Effects 613
Lithium Carbonate (Lithobid) 614
Drug Effects 614
Magnesium Sulfate 615
Drug Effects 615
Marijuana 616
Drug Effects 616
Metformin (Glucophage) 618
Assessment Points 618
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase 619
Drug Effects 619
Nicotine Replacment Therapies (NRTs) 620
Drug Effects 620
Nitric Oxide (NO), Inhaled 621
Drug Effects 621
Nitroglycerin 622
Assessment Points 622
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 623
Assessment Points 623
Nutritional Support 624
Assessment Points 624
Oral Contraceptives 625
Drug Effects 625
Oral Hypoglycemics 626
Assessment Points 626
Penicillins 627
Drug Effects 627
Phencyclidine (PCP) 628
Assessment Points 628
Phenothiazines 629
Assessment Points 629
Phenoxybenzamine 630
Drug Effects 630
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) 631
Assessment Points 631
Phenytoin 632
Drug Effects 632
Physostigmine, Eserine 633
Drug Effects 633
Prilocaine (Citanest) 634
Drug Effects 634
Assessment Points 634
Procainamide (Procan, Procanabid, Pronestyl) 635
Drug Effects 635
Propylthiouracil—Antithyroid Drugs 636
Drug Effects 636
Pyridostigmine Bromide 637
Drug Effects 637
Quinidine 638
Drug Effects 638
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 639
Assessment Points 639
Rifampin 640
Assessment Points 640
Serotonin: Agonists, Antagonists, and Reuptake Inhibitors 641
Assessment Points 641
Sildenafil Citrate 642
Assessment Points 642
Statins 643
Side Effects 643
Steroids 644
Drug Effects 644
Tacrolimus (FK-506) 646
Drug Effects 646
Terbutaline 647
Drug Effects 647
Tetracyclines 648
Assessment Points 648
Thyroid Supplements 649
Assessment Points 649
Tissue Plasminogen Activator 650
Assessment Points 650
Tranexamic Acid 651
Assessment Points 651
Trimethaphan 652
Assessment Points 652
Vitamin B 12\n (Cyanocobalamin) 653
Assessment Points 653
Warfarin (Coumadin) 654
Assessment Points 654
Androstenedione 656
Drug Effects 656
β-Sitosterol 657
Assessment Points 657
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum Thalictroides) 658
Assessment Points 658
Carnitine 659
Assessment Points 659
Chitosan 660
Drug Effects 660
Red Yeast Rice (Cholestin) 661
Assessment Points 661
Chondroitin Sulfate 662
Assessment Points 662
Chromium 663
Assessment Points 663
Cranberry 664
Assessment Points 664
Creatine 665
Assessment Points 665
Dandelion 666
Assessment Points 666
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 667
Drug Effects 667
Echinacea (American Coneflower, Purple Coneflower: E. Angustifolia, E. Purpurea, E. Pallida) 668
Drug Effects 668
Ephedra (Ma-Huang) 669
Assessment Points 669
Evening Primrose 670
Drug Effects 670
Fish Oil 671
Assessment Points 671
Garlic (Allium sativum) 672
Assessment Points 672
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) 673
Assessment Points 673
Ginkgo 674
Assessment Points 674
Ginseng 675
Drug Effects 675
Glucosamine Sulfate 676
Drug Effects 676
Glycine 677
Assessment Points 677
Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis) 678
Assessment Points 678
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) 679
Assessment Points 679
Melatonin ( N -Acetyl-5-Methoxytryptamine, Bevitamel, Vitamist, Melatonex) 680
Assessment Points 680
Nutraceuticals 681
Drug Effects 681
Phytosterols 682
Assessment Points 682
Pseudoephedrine 683
Drug Effects 683
Psyllium, Bulk-Forming Laxatives (Plantago Isphagula, Plantago Ovata) 684
Drug Effects 684
Pyruvate 685
Drug Effects 685
S-Adenosyl-L\n-Methionine (SAMe) 686
Assessment Points 686
Saw Palmetto 687
Drug Effects 687
Soy 688
Drug Effects 688
St. John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum) 689
Assessment Points 689
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 690
Drug Effects 690
Autonomic Function 692
Assessment Points 692
Chest X-Ray 693
Assessment Points 693
Diagnostic 12-Lead ECG 694
Assessment Points 694
Dibucaine Number (Atypical Cholinesterase) 695
Assessment Points 695
Dipyridamole Thallium Imaging 696
Assessment Points 696
Dobutamine Echocardiography 697
Assessment Points 697
Exercise Stress Testing 698
Flow-Volume Loops 699
Assessment Points 699
HIV Testing 700
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) 701
Assessment Points 701
Pregnancy Testing 702
Assessment Points 702
Renal Function Testing 703
Assessment Points 703
Spirometry 704
Assessment Points 704
Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) 705
V/Q Scan (Nuclear Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy) 706
Assessment Points 706
Index 707