BOOK
SD - Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn E-Book
Christopher B. Wilson | Victor Nizet | Jack S. Remington | Jerome O. Klein | Yvonne Maldonado
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, written and edited by Drs. Remington, Klein, Wilson, Nizet, and Maldonado, remains the definitive source of information in this field. The 7th edition of this authoritative reference provides the most up-to-date and complete guidance on infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period in both premature and term infants. Special attention is given to the prevention and treatment of these diseases found in developing countries as well as the latest findings about new antimicrobial agents, gram-negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization of the fetus/mother. Nationally and internationally recognized in immunology and infectious diseases, new associate editors Nizet and Maldonado bring new insight and fresh perspective to the book.
- Get the latest information on maternal infections when they are pertinent to the infant or developing fetus, including disease transmission through breastfeeding
- Diagnose, prevent, and treat neonatal infectious diseases with expert guidance from the world's leading authorities and evidence-based recommendations.
- Incorporate the latest findings about infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period.
Find the critical answers you need quickly and easily thanks to a consistent, highly user-friendly format
- Get fresh perspectives from two new associate editors—Drs. Yvonne Maldonado, head of the Pediatric Infectious Disease program at Stanford, and Victor Nizet, Professor of Pediatrics & Pharmacy at University of California, San Diego and UCSD School of Medicine.
- Keep up with the most relevant topics in fetal/neonatal infectious disease including new antimicrobial agents, gram- negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization of the fetus/mother.
- Overcome the clinical challenges in developing countries where access to proper medical care is limited.
- Apply the latest recommendations for H1N1 virus and vaccines.
Identify and treat infections with the latest evidence-based information on fighting life-threatening diseases in the fetus and newborn infants.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Infections Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| List of Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Contents | xiii | ||
| Section I: General Information | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Current Concepts of Infections of the Fetus and Newborn Infant | 2 | ||
| Overview | 2 | ||
| Infections of the Fetus | 3 | ||
| Infections Acquired By the Newborn Infant During Birth | 15 | ||
| Infections of the Newborn Infant in the First Month of Life | 19 | ||
| References | 21 | ||
| Chapter 2: Neonatal Infections: a Global Perspective | 24 | ||
| Global Burden of Neonatal Infections | 24 | ||
| Neonatal Infections | 29 | ||
| Indirect Causes of Neonatal Death Related to Infection | 39 | ||
| Strategies to Prevent and Treat Infection in Neonates | 39 | ||
| Conclusion | 45 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 45 | ||
| References | 45 | ||
| Chapter 3: Obstetric Factors Associated with Infections of the Fetus and Newborn Infant | 51 | ||
| Intra-Amniotic Infection | 52 | ||
| Infection as a Cause of Preterm Birth | 59 | ||
| Premature Rupture Of Membranes | 64 | ||
| References | 74 | ||
| Chapter 4: Developmental Immunology and Role of Host Defenses in Fetal and Neonatal Susceptibility to Infection... | 80 | ||
| Epithelial Barriers | 83 | ||
| Complement and Other Humoral Mediators of Innate Immunity | 85 | ||
| Phagocytes | 88 | ||
| Neutrophils | 89 | ||
| Eosinophils | 93 | ||
| Mononuclear Phagocytes | 93 | ||
| Dendritic Cells-The Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity | 101 | ||
| Natural Killer Cells | 103 | ||
| T Cells and Antigen Presentation | 107 | ||
| B Cells and Immunoglobulin | 141 | ||
| Host Defense Against Specific Classes of Neonatal Pathogens | 159 | ||
| References | 172 | ||
| Chapter 5: Human Milk | 191 | ||
| Physiology of Lactation | 192 | ||
| Resistance to Infection | 198 | ||
| Benefits and Risks of Human Milk | 207 | ||
| Current Trends in Breast-Feeding | 213 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 213 | ||
| References | 215 | ||
| Section II: Bacterial Infections | 221 | ||
| Chapter 6: Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis | 222 | ||
| Bacteriology | 223 | ||
| Epidemiology | 235 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 239 | ||
| Pathology | 243 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 243 | ||
| Diagnosis | 248 | ||
| Management | 255 | ||
| Prognosis | 260 | ||
| Prevention | 261 | ||
| Sepsis in the Newborn Recently Discharged From the Hospital | 263 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 264 | ||
| References | 264 | ||
| Chapter 7: Bacterial Infections of The Respiratory Tract | 276 | ||
| Infections of the Oral Cavity and Nasopharynx | 276 | ||
| Otitis Media | 280 | ||
| Mastoiditis | 285 | ||
| Pneumonia | 285 | ||
| References | 293 | ||
| Chapter 8: Bacterial Infections of the Bones and Joints | 296 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 296 | ||
| Primary Septic Arthritis | 305 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Mazilla | 306 | ||
| References | 307 | ||
| Chapter 9: Bacterial Infections of the Urinary Tract | 310 | ||
| Epidemiology | 311 | ||
| Microbiology | 311 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 311 | ||
| Pathology | 315 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 315 | ||
| Diagnosis | 316 | ||
| Management and Prevention | 319 | ||
| Prognosis | 319 | ||
| References | 320 | ||
| Chapter 10: Focal Bacterial Infections | 322 | ||
| Infections of the Liver | 322 | ||
| Splenic Abscess | 325 | ||
| Infections of the Biliary Tract | 325 | ||
| Infections of the Adrenal Glands | 326 | ||
| Appendicitis | 327 | ||
| Peritonitis | 329 | ||
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 333 | ||
| Endocarditis | 338 | ||
| Pericarditis | 340 | ||
| Mediastinitis | 341 | ||
| Esophagitis | 342 | ||
| Infections of Endocrine Organs | 342 | ||
| Infections of the Salivary Glands | 342 | ||
| Infections of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | 342 | ||
| Conjunctivitis and Other Eye Infections | 349 | ||
| References | 350 | ||
| Chapter 11: Microorganisms Responsible For Neonatal Diarrhea | 359 | ||
| Enteric Host Defense Mechanisms | 359 | ||
| Protective Factors in Human Milk | 360 | ||
| Bacterial Pathogens | 361 | ||
| Other Bacterial Agents And Fungi | 393 | ||
| Parasites | 394 | ||
| Viruses | 395 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 399 | ||
| References | 400 | ||
| Chapter 12: Group B Streptococcal Infections | 419 | ||
| Organism | 419 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 424 | ||
| Immunology and Pathogenesis | 429 | ||
| Pathology | 439 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations And Outcome | 440 | ||
| Diagnosis | 447 | ||
| Treatment | 448 | ||
| Prognosis | 451 | ||
| Prevention | 452 | ||
| References | 458 | ||
| Chapter 13: Listeriosis | 470 | ||
| Organism | 470 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 472 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 473 | ||
| Pathology | 477 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 478 | ||
| Diagnosis | 481 | ||
| Prognosis | 481 | ||
| Therapy | 482 | ||
| Prevention and Outbreak Management | 483 | ||
| References | 484 | ||
| Chapter 14: Staphylococcal Infections | 489 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 489 | ||
| Microbiology | 491 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Disease | 492 | ||
| Pathology | 497 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 497 | ||
| Diagnosis | 505 | ||
| Antibiotic Treatment | 506 | ||
| Prevention | 509 | ||
| Conclusion | 510 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 510 | ||
| References | 510 | ||
| Chapter 15: Gonococcal Infections | 516 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 516 | ||
| Microbiology | 518 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 518 | ||
| Pathology | 519 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 519 | ||
| Diagnosis | 519 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 520 | ||
| Treatment | 520 | ||
| Prognosis | 521 | ||
| Prevention | 521 | ||
| References | 522 | ||
| Chapter 16: Syphilis | 524 | ||
| Organism | 525 | ||
| Transmission | 526 | ||
| Epidemiology | 527 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 529 | ||
| Pathology | 532 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 534 | ||
| Diagnosis | 542 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 548 | ||
| Therapy | 550 | ||
| Prevention | 554 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 557 | ||
| References | 557 | ||
| Chapter 17: Borrelia Infections: Lyme Disease And Relapsing Fever | 564 | ||
| Lyme Disease | 564 | ||
| Relapsing Fever | 574 | ||
| References | 575 | ||
| Chapter 18: Tuberculosis | 577 | ||
| Terminology | 577 | ||
| Mycobacteriology | 578 | ||
| Epidemiology | 579 | ||
| Tuberculosis in Pregnancy | 580 | ||
| Congenital Tuberculosis | 583 | ||
| Treatment of Tuberculosis | 586 | ||
| Vaccination Against Tuberculosis-Bacille Calmette-Guérin | 591 | ||
| Management of a Neonate Born to a Mother With a Positive Tuberculin Skin Test | 593 | ||
| Management of Neonates After Postnatal Exposure | 594 | ||
| Conclusion | 595 | ||
| References | 595 | ||
| Chapter 19: Chlamydia Infections | 600 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 601 | ||
| Microbiology | 601 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 602 | ||
| Pathology | 603 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 603 | ||
| Diagnosis | 604 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 604 | ||
| Prognosis | 605 | ||
| Therapy | 605 | ||
| Prevention | 605 | ||
| References | 606 | ||
| Chapter 20: Mycoplasmal Infections | 607 | ||
| Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Hominis: Colonization and Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Tracts in Adults | 607 | ||
| Chorioamnionitis, Clinical Amnionitis, and Maternal Septicemia | 608 | ||
| Adverse Pregnancy Outcome | 610 | ||
| Transmission of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Hominis to the Fetus and Newborn | 611 | ||
| Perinatal Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Hominis Infection | 611 | ||
| Other Mycoplasmas | 615 | ||
| Diagnosis | 616 | ||
| Treatment of Neonatal Infections | 617 | ||
| References | 617 | ||
| Section III: Viral Infections | 621 | ||
| Chapter 21: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in the Infant | 622 | ||
| Epidemiology | 623 | ||
| Transmission | 623 | ||
| Molecular Biology | 625 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Early Infant Infection | 626 | ||
| Diagnosis | 627 | ||
| Classification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children | 628 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations And Pathology | 632 | ||
| Morbidity, Mortality, And Prognosis | 637 | ||
| Prevention | 638 | ||
| Treatment | 646 | ||
| Future Goals | 651 | ||
| References | 651 | ||
| Chapter 22: Chickenpox, Measles, and Mumps | 661 | ||
| Chickenpox and Zoster | 661 | ||
| Measles | 685 | ||
| Mumps | 695 | ||
| References | 699 | ||
| Chapter 23: Cytomegalovirus | 706 | ||
| Virus | 707 | ||
| Epidemiology | 711 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 719 | ||
| Pathology | 728 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 730 | ||
| Diagnosis | 737 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 742 | ||
| Treatment | 743 | ||
| Prevention | 744 | ||
| References | 746 | ||
| Chapter 24: Enterovirus and Parechovirus Infections | 756 | ||
| Viruses | 757 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 761 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 765 | ||
| Pathology | 768 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 769 | ||
| Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis | 787 | ||
| Prognosis | 789 | ||
| Therapy | 790 | ||
| Prevention | 791 | ||
| References | 792 | ||
| Chapter 25: Hepatitis | 800 | ||
| Hepatitis a Virus | 800 | ||
| Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus | 803 | ||
| Hepatitis C Virus | 806 | ||
| Hepatitis E Virus | 807 | ||
| Other Hepatotropic Viruses | 809 | ||
| Conclusion | 811 | ||
| References | 811 | ||
| Chapter 26: Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | 813 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus | 814 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 815 | ||
| Immunologic Response | 819 | ||
| Neonatal Infecton | 820 | ||
| Diagnosis | 824 | ||
| Treatment | 826 | ||
| Prevention | 829 | ||
| Conclusion | 831 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 831 | ||
| References | 831 | ||
| Chapter 27: Human Parvovirus | 834 | ||
| Microbiology | 835 | ||
| General Aspects of Pathogenesis | 836 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 837 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations (Other than Intrauterine Infection) | 841 | ||
| General Aspects of Diagnosis | 844 | ||
| Epidemiology of Parvovirus B19 Infections and Risk of Acquisition in Pregnant Women | 845 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations of Parvovirus B19 Infections In Pregnant Women | 846 | ||
| Intrauterine Transmission Rates, Clinical Manifestations, and Fetal Outcomes | 847 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Infection In The Fetus | 850 | ||
| Pathology in the Fetus | 850 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation and Management of the Woman And Fetus Exposed to or Infected By Parvovirus B19 During Pregnancy... | 852 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 854 | ||
| Prognosis | 854 | ||
| Prevention | 855 | ||
| References | 855 | ||
| Chapter 28: Rubella | 861 | ||
| Virus | 862 | ||
| Epidemiology | 865 | ||
| Transmission in Utero | 867 | ||
| Natural History | 869 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 874 | ||
| Pathology | 875 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 876 | ||
| Laboratory Diagnosis | 881 | ||
| Management Issues | 884 | ||
| Prevention of Congenital Rubella | 886 | ||
| References | 890 | ||
| Chapter 29: Smallpox and Vaccinia | 899 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 899 | ||
| Microbiology | 900 | ||
| Pathogenesis, Pathology, And Prognosis | 900 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 901 | ||
| Diagnosis | 903 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 903 | ||
| Treatment | 903 | ||
| Prevention | 904 | ||
| References | 904 | ||
| Chapter 30: Less Common Viral Infections | 905 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus | 905 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus | 906 | ||
| Human Herpesvirus 6 | 907 | ||
| Human Herpesvirus 7 | 908 | ||
| Influenza a and B | 908 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 910 | ||
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus | 911 | ||
| Molluscum Contagiosum | 913 | ||
| Rabies Virus | 913 | ||
| West Nile Virus | 913 | ||
| References | 914 | ||
| Section IV: Protozoan, Helminth, and Fungal Infections | 917 | ||
| Chapter 31: Toxoplasmosis | 918 | ||
| The Organism | 918 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 993 | ||
| Prevention | 1017 | ||
| Resources | 1028 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 1028 | ||
| References | 1028 | ||
| Chapter 32: Less Common Protozoan And Helminth Infections | 1042 | ||
| Ascaris | 1042 | ||
| Giardiasis | 1043 | ||
| American Trypanosomiasis: Chagas Disease | 1043 | ||
| African Trypanosomiasis: African Sleeping Sickness | 1045 | ||
| Entamoeba Histolytica | 1045 | ||
| Malaria | 1046 | ||
| Schistosomiasis | 1052 | ||
| Trichomonas Vaginalis | 1052 | ||
| Trichinosis | 1052 | ||
| Babesiosis | 1052 | ||
| Pneumocystis Jiroveci | 1052 | ||
| References | 1052 | ||
| Chapter 33: Candidiasis | 1055 | ||
| Introduction | 1055 | ||
| Epidemiology and Transmission | 1055 | ||
| Microbiology | 1056 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 1058 | ||
| Pathology | 1060 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 1060 | ||
| Candidemia and Disseminated Candidiasis | 1063 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1065 | ||
| Treatment | 1067 | ||
| Prevention | 1072 | ||
| References | 1073 | ||
| Chapter 34: Pneumocystis and Other Less Common Fungal Infections | 1078 | ||
| Pneumocystis Jiroveci (Formerly Known as Pneumocystis Carinii) Infection | 1079 | ||
| Aspergillosis | 1095 | ||
| Blastomycosis | 1098 | ||
| Coccidioidomycosis | 1099 | ||
| Cryptococcosis | 1103 | ||
| Malassezia Infections | 1105 | ||
| Phycomycosis | 1107 | ||
| Dermatophytoses | 1109 | ||
| Antifungal Therapy in Neonates and Young Infants | 1112 | ||
| References | 1114 | ||
| Section V: Diagnosis and Management | 1125 | ||
| Chapter 35: Healthcare-Associated Infections In the Nursery | 1126 | ||
| Special Issues for Neonates | 1126 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1127 | ||
| Etiologic Agents | 1128 | ||
| Device-Related Infections | 1132 | ||
| Preventing Transmission Of Health Care-Associated Infections | 1135 | ||
| Other Related Issues | 1138 | ||
| References | 1140 | ||
| Chapter 36: Laboratory Aids for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis | 1144 | ||
| Diagnostic Utility Of Laboratory Tests | 1144 | ||
| In Search of the Ideal Laboratory Test | 1145 | ||
| Complete Blood Counts and White Blood Cell Ratios | 1146 | ||
| Acute Phase Reactants | 1149 | ||
| Additional Laboratory Studies | 1152 | ||
| Perspectives and Conclusions | 1156 | ||
| References | 1156 | ||
| Chapter 37: Clinical Pharmacology of Ani-Infective Drugs | 1160 | ||
| Introduction | 1160 | ||
| Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology | 1161 | ||
| Placental Transport Of Antibiotics | 1165 | ||
| Excretion of Antibiotics in Human Milk | 1166 | ||
| Antistaphylococcal Treatment | 1171 | ||
| Aminoglycosides | 1177 | ||
| Broad-Acting Agents With Activity Against Pseudamonas | 1188 | ||
| Antiviral Medications | 1194 | ||
| Antifungal Medications | 1195 | ||
| References | 1202 | ||
| Chapter 38: Prevention of Fetal and Early Life Infections Through Maternal-Neonatal Immunization | 1212 | ||
| Overall Principles | 1212 | ||
| References | 1228 | ||
| Index | 1231 |