Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery—a title in the Operative Techniques series—offers you the step-by-step guidance you need—on femoral lengthening, sofield procedure, distal radius fracture, and more—from experts Mininder Kocher and Michael B. Millis. Perform all of the latest and best techniques in this specialty thanks to a large full-color intraoperative photos, diagrammable illustrations, and a dedicated website.
- Access the fully searchable text online at www.operativetechniques.com, along with surgical videos and reference links.
- Refine the quality of your technique and learn the expert’s approach to getting the best results thanks to pearls and pitfalls and an emphasis on optimizing outcomes.
- Master every procedure with step-by-step instructions on positioning, exposures, instrumentation, and implants.
- Provide comprehensive care for your patients through discussions of post-operative care and expected outcomes, including potential complications and brief notes on controversies and supporting evidence.
- See every detail with clarity using color photos and illustrations that highlight key anatomies and diagrams that present cases as they appear in real life.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ifc1 | ||
| Video contents | FM_1 | ||
| Operative Techniques: Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery | i | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Foreword | xv | ||
| Table of Contents | xvii | ||
| I Shoulder | 1 | ||
| PROCEDURE 1 Modified Woodward Procedure for Sprengel’s Deformity | 3 | ||
| Indications | 4 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 4 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 6 | ||
| Positioning | 6 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 8 | ||
| Procedure | 10 | ||
| Step 1 | 10 | ||
| Step 2 | 10 | ||
| Step 3 | 12 | ||
| Step 4 | 12 | ||
| Step 5: Closure | 14 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 14 | ||
| Evidence | 16 | ||
| PROCEDURE 2 Shoulder External Rotation Tendon Transfers for Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy | 17 | ||
| Indications | 18 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 18 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 20 | ||
| Positioning | 20 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 20 | ||
| Procedure | 20 | ||
| Step 1 | 20 | ||
| Step 2 | 20 | ||
| Step 3 | 22 | ||
| Postoperative Care And Expected Outcomes | 22 | ||
| Evidence | 24 | ||
| II Humerus and Elbow | 27 | ||
| PROCEDURE 3 Proximal Humerus Fracture: | 29 | ||
| Indications | 30 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 30 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 30 | ||
| Positioning | 30 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 32 | ||
| Procedure | 32 | ||
| Step 1 | 32 | ||
| Step 2 | 34 | ||
| Step 3 | 34 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 34 | ||
| Evidence | 36 | ||
| PROCEDURE 4 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Displaced Medial Epicondyle Fracture Using a Screw and Washer | 37 | ||
| Indications | 38 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 38 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 40 | ||
| Positioning | 40 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 40 | ||
| Procedure | 40 | ||
| Step 1 | 40 | ||
| Step 2 | 42 | ||
| Step 3 | 42 | ||
| Step 4 | 42 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 42 | ||
| Evidence | 44 | ||
| PROCEDURE 5 Radial Head/Neck Fracture: | 45 | ||
| Indications | 46 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 46 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 46 | ||
| Closed Reduction | 48 | ||
| III Forearm and Wrist | 65 | ||
| PROCEDURE 7 Forearm Fractures: | 67 | ||
| Indications | 68 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 68 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 70 | ||
| Positioning | 70 | ||
| Procedure | 72 | ||
| Step 1 | 72 | ||
| Step 2 | 74 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 76 | ||
| Evidence | 78 | ||
| PROCEDURE 8 Closed Reduction and Pinning of Distal Radius Fractures | 79 | ||
| Indications | 80 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 80 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 80 | ||
| Positioning | 82 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 82 | ||
| Procedure | 82 | ||
| Step 1: Closed Reduction | 82 | ||
| Step 2: Percutaneous Pin Fixation | 84 | ||
| Step 3: Other Fracture Considerations | 84 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 86 | ||
| Evidence | 88 | ||
| PROCEDURE 9 Forearm Fractures: | 89 | ||
| Indications | 90 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 90 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 90 | ||
| Positioning | 92 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 92 | ||
| Radius | 92 | ||
| Ulna | 92 | ||
| Procedure | 94 | ||
| Step 1: Nail Entry Sites | 94 | ||
| Step 2: Nail Preparation and Insertion | 96 | ||
| Step 3: Fracture Reduction | 98 | ||
| Step 4: Wound Closure | 100 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 100 | ||
| Evidence | 101 | ||
| IV Hand | 103 | ||
| PROCEDURE 10 Digital Syndactyly Release | 105 | ||
| Indications | 106 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 106 | ||
| Physical Examination | 106 | ||
| Plain Radiographs | 106 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 108 | ||
| Positioning | 108 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 108 | ||
| Commissure Reconstruction | 108 | ||
| Dorsal and Volar Exposure | 110 | ||
| Procedure | 110 | ||
| Step 1: Elevation of Skin Flaps | 110 | ||
| Step 2: Separation of the Digits | 110 | ||
| Step 3: Insetting of the Flaps | 112 | ||
| Step 4: Skin Grafting (If Necessary) | 114 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 114 | ||
| Evidence | 116 | ||
| V Pelvis and Hip | 117 | ||
| PROCEDURE 11 Innominate Osteotomy | 119 | ||
| Indications | 120 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 120 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 120 | ||
| Positioning | 122 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 122 | ||
| Procedure | 122 | ||
| Step 1 | 122 | ||
| Step 2 (When Hip Is Dislocated) | 122 | ||
| Step 3 | 124 | ||
| Step 4 | 124 | ||
| Step 5 | 124 | ||
| Step 6 | 126 | ||
| Step 7 | 126 | ||
| Step 8 | 126 | ||
| Step 9 | 128 | ||
| Step 10 | 128 | ||
| Step 11 | 128 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 128 | ||
| Evidence | 130 | ||
| PROCEDURE 12 Chiari Pelvic Osteotomy | 131 | ||
| Indications | 132 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 132 | ||
| Physical Examination | 132 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 132 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 134 | ||
| Positioning | 134 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 136 | ||
| Procedure | 140 | ||
| Step 1: Osteotomy | 140 | ||
| Step 2: Acetabular Displacement | 144 | ||
| Step 3: Fixation and Closure | 146 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 146 | ||
| Evidence | 148 | ||
| PROCEDURE 13 Triple Pelvic Osteotomy | 149 | ||
| Indications | 150 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 150 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 150 | ||
| Positioning | 151 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 151 | ||
| Procedure | 152 | ||
| Step 1: Ischial Osteotomy | 152 | ||
| Step 2: Superior Pubic Ramus Osteotomy | 154 | ||
| Step 3: Iliac Osteotomy | 154 | ||
| Step 4: Acetabular Fragment Fixation | 156 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 156 | ||
| Evidence | 158 | ||
| PROCEDURE 14 Single-Incision Supraperiosteal Triple Innominate Osteotomy | 159 | ||
| Indications | 160 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 160 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 162 | ||
| Positioning | 162 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 162 | ||
| Procedure | 164 | ||
| Step 1: Superficial Dissection | 164 | ||
| Step 2: Deep Dissection | 164 | ||
| Step 3: Osteotomies | 166 | ||
| Step 4: Acetabular Positioning and Fixation | 168 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 170 | ||
| Evidence | 171 | ||
| PROCEDURE 15 Repair of Proximal Hamstring Avulsion | 173 | ||
| Indications | 174 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 174 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 174 | ||
| Positioning | 174 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 176 | ||
| Procedure | 176 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 176 | ||
| Evidence | 178 | ||
| PROCEDURE 16 Hip Pyarthritis | 179 | ||
| Indications | 180 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 180 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 180 | ||
| Positioning | 180 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 182 | ||
| Procedure | 182 | ||
| Step 1 | 182 | ||
| Step 2 | 184 | ||
| Step 3 | 184 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 184 | ||
| Evidence | 186 | ||
| PROCEDURE 17 Surgical Dislocation of the Hip | 187 | ||
| Indications | 188 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 188 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 190 | ||
| Positioning | 190 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 190 | ||
| Procedure | 192 | ||
| Step 1: Trochanteric Osteotomy | 192 | ||
| Step 2: Capsular Exposure | 192 | ||
| Step 3: Capsulotomy | 192 | ||
| Step 4: Intra-articular Surgery | 194 | ||
| Step 5: Fixation of the Trochanteric Osteotomy and Closure | 196 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 196 | ||
| Evidence | 198 | ||
| PROCEDURE 18 Percutaneous in situ Cannulated Screw Fixation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | 199 | ||
| Indications | 200 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 200 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 202 | ||
| Positioning | 202 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 204 | ||
| Procedure | 206 | ||
| Step 1 | 206 | ||
| Step 2 | 208 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 208 | ||
| Evidence | 210 | ||
| PROCEDURE 19 Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy | 211 | ||
| Indications | 212 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 212 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 214 | ||
| Positioning | 216 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 216 | ||
| Procedure | 218 | ||
| Step 1: Deep Dissection | 218 | ||
| Step 2: Anterior Ischial Osteotomy | 220 | ||
| Step 3: Superior Pubis Osteotomy | 220 | ||
| Step 4: Arthrotomy and Intracapsular Inspection | 222 | ||
| Step 5: Supra-acetabular Iliac Osteotomy | 222 | ||
| Step 6: Posterior Column Osteotomy | 224 | ||
| Step 7: Acetabular Displacement | 226 | ||
| Step 8: Closure | 228 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 228 | ||
| Evidence | 230 | ||
| PROCEDURE 20 Anteromedial Approach to a Developmentally Dislocated Hip | 231 | ||
| Indications | 232 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 232 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 232 | ||
| Positioning | 232 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 234 | ||
| Procedure | 236 | ||
| Step 1 | 236 | ||
| Step 2 | 236 | ||
| Step 3 | 236 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 238 | ||
| Evidence | 238 | ||
| VI Femur | 239 | ||
| PROCEDURE 21 Femur Fracture: | 241 | ||
| Indications | 242 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 242 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 242 | ||
| Positioning | 242 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 242 | ||
| Procedure | 244 | ||
| Step 1 | 244 | ||
| Step 2 | 246 | ||
| Step 3 | 248 | ||
| Step 4 | 250 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 250 | ||
| Evidence | 252 | ||
| PROCEDURE 22 Guided Growth— Hemiepiphysiodesis | 253 | ||
| Indications | 254 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 254 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 256 | ||
| Positioning | 256 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 256 | ||
| Procedure | 256 | ||
| Step 1 | 256 | ||
| Step 2 | 256 | ||
| Step 3 | 258 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 258 | ||
| Evidence | 260 | ||
| PROCEDURE 23 Femoral Lengthening with External Fixation | 261 | ||
| Indications | 262 | ||
| Etiologies | 262 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 264 | ||
| Physical Examination | 264 | ||
| Radiographic Examination | 264 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 266 | ||
| Positioning | 268 | ||
| Procedure: External Fixator Placement | 268 | ||
| Step 1 | 268 | ||
| Step 2 | 270 | ||
| Step 3 | 272 | ||
| Step 4 | 274 | ||
| Step 5 | 274 | ||
| Step 6 | 276 | ||
| Step 7 | 278 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 280 | ||
| Pain Management and Antibiotics | 280 | ||
| Distraction Strategy | 280 | ||
| Postoperative Physical Therapy | 281 | ||
| Frame Maintenance and Pin Care | 281 | ||
| Pin Site Infections | 282 | ||
| Clinical Follow-up Strategy | 283 | ||
| Procedure: External Fixator Removal and IM Nail Insertion | 284 | ||
| Step 1: External Fixator Removal | 284 | ||
| Step 2: IM Nail Insertion | 286 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 286 | ||
| Evidence | 288 | ||
| PROCEDURE 24 Greater Trochanteric Transfer/Relative Femoral Neck Lengthening | 289 | ||
| Indications | 290 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 290 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 290 | ||
| Positioning | 290 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 292 | ||
| Procedure | 292 | ||
| Step 1 | 292 | ||
| Step 2 | 294 | ||
| Step 3 | 296 | ||
| Step 4 | 296 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 298 | ||
| Evidence | 300 | ||
| PROCEDURE 25 Femur Fracture: | 301 | ||
| Indications | 302 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 302 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 302 | ||
| Positioning | 302 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 304 | ||
| Procedure | 306 | ||
| Step 1 | 306 | ||
| Step 2 | 308 | ||
| Step 3 | 308 | ||
| Step 4 | 308 | ||
| Step 5 | 312 | ||
| Step 6 | 312 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 314 | ||
| Evidence | 316 | ||
| PROCEDURE 26 Submuscular Plating for Pediatric Femur Fractures | 317 | ||
| Indications | 318 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 318 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 318 | ||
| Positioning | 320 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 320 | ||
| Procedure | 320 | ||
| Step 1: Choosing and Precontouring a Plate | 320 | ||
| Step 2: Plate Advancement | 322 | ||
| Step 3: Percutaneous Screw Placement | 324 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 328 | ||
| Evidence | 330 | ||
| PROCEDURE 27 Flexion Osteotomy for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | 331 | ||
| Indications | 332 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 332 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 334 | ||
| Positioning | 334 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 336 | ||
| Procedure | 336 | ||
| Step 1 | 336 | ||
| Step 2 | 336 | ||
| Step 3 | 338 | ||
| Step 4 | 340 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 342 | ||
| Evidence | 344 | ||
| PROCEDURE 28 Femur Fracture: | 345 | ||
| Indications | 346 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 346 | ||
| Anatomy | 346 | ||
| Positioning | 346 | ||
| Procedure | 348 | ||
| Step 1 | 348 | ||
| Step 2 | 350 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 350 | ||
| Evidence | 352 | ||
| PROCEDURE 29 Epiphysiodesis of the Distal Femur/Proximal Tibia-Fibula | 353 | ||
| Indications | 354 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 354 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 354 | ||
| Positioning | 354 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 354 | ||
| Procedure | 356 | ||
| Step 1 | 356 | ||
| Step 2 | 356 | ||
| Step 3 | 358 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 358 | ||
| Evidence | 360 | ||
| PROCEDURE 30 Sofield Osteotomy with Intramedullary Rod Fixation of the Long Bones of the Femur/Tibia | 361 | ||
| Indications | 362 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 362 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 362 | ||
| Positioning | 362 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 364 | ||
| Step 1 (Approach A) | 364 | ||
| Procedure | 364 | ||
| Step 1 (Approach B) | 364 | ||
| Step 2 | 366 | ||
| Step 3 | 368 | ||
| Step 4 | 368 | ||
| Step 5 | 368 | ||
| Step 6 | 370 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 370 | ||
| Evidence | 372 | ||
| VII Knee | 373 | ||
| PROCEDURE 31 Discoid Lateral Meniscus | 375 | ||
| Indications | 376 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 376 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 376 | ||
| Positioning | 376 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 376 | ||
| Procedure | 378 | ||
| Step 1: Arthroscopic Assessment | 378 | ||
| Step 2: Partial Meniscectomy | 378 | ||
| Step 3: Repair of Remnant Meniscal Tears | 380 | ||
| Step 4: Stabilization of Unstable Rim | 380 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 380 | ||
| Potential Complications | 382 | ||
| Evidence | 382 | ||
| PROCEDURE 32 Patellar Instability: | 385 | ||
| Indications | 386 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 386 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 386 | ||
| Positioning | 386 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 386 | ||
| Procedure: Arthroscopic Lateral Release | 388 | ||
| Step 1 | 388 | ||
| Step 2 | 388 | ||
| Step 3 | 388 | ||
| Procedure: Open Medial Plication | 390 | ||
| Step 1 | 390 | ||
| Step 2 | 390 | ||
| Step 3 | 390 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 390 | ||
| Evidence | 392 | ||
| PROCEDURE 33 Knee Surgery for Children with Cerebral Palsy I: Hamstring Lengthening | 393 | ||
| Introduction | 394 | ||
| Indications | 396 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 396 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 398 | ||
| Positioning | 400 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 400 | ||
| Procedure | 400 | ||
| Step 1 | 400 | ||
| Step 2 | 402 | ||
| Step 3 | 402 | ||
| Step 4 | 402 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 402 | ||
| Evidence | 404 | ||
| PROCEDURE 33 Knee Surgery for Children with Cerebral Palsy II: Distal Rectus Femoris Transfer | 405 | ||
| Indications | 406 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 406 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 406 | ||
| Positioning | 408 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 408 | ||
| Procedure | 410 | ||
| Step 1 | 410 | ||
| Step 2 | 414 | ||
| Step 3 | 414 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 414 | ||
| Evidence | 416 | ||
| VIII Tibia and Ankle | 419 | ||
| PROCEDURE 34 Tibial Spine Fracture: | 421 | ||
| Indications | 422 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 422 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 422 | ||
| Positioning | 424 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 424 | ||
| Procedure | 424 | ||
| Step 1: Exposure of the Fragment | 424 | ||
| Step 2: Preparation of the Fragment and Fracture Site | 426 | ||
| Step 3: Reduction of the Fragment | 426 | ||
| Step 4A: Epiphyseal Cannulated Screw Fixation of the Fragment | 428 | ||
| Step 4B: Suture Lasso Technique for Fragment Fixation | 428 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 430 | ||
| Evidence | 432 | ||
| PROCEDURE 35 Osteochondritis Dissecans: | 433 | ||
| Indications | 434 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 434 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 434 | ||
| Positioning | 434 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 436 | ||
| Procedure | 436 | ||
| Step 1 | 436 | ||
| Step 2 | 436 | ||
| Step 3 | 438 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 438 | ||
| Evidence | 440 | ||
| PROCEDURE 36 Osteochondritis Dissecans Fixation | 441 | ||
| Indications | 442 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 442 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 444 | ||
| Positioning | 444 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 444 | ||
| Procedure | 446 | ||
| Step 1 | 446 | ||
| Step 2 | 446 | ||
| Step 3 | 448 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 448 | ||
| Evidence | 449 | ||
| PROCEDURE 37 Transphyseal ACL Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients Using Autogenous Hamstring Tendon | 451 | ||
| Indications | 452 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 452 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 454 | ||
| Positioning | 454 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 454 | ||
| Procedure | 454 | ||
| Step 1: Graft Harvest and Preparation | 454 | ||
| Step 2: Arthroscopic Examination | 456 | ||
| Step 3: Tunnel Preparation | 456 | ||
| Step 4: Graft Passage and Fixation | 458 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 458 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 458 | ||
| Results and Complications | 460 | ||
| Evidence | 460 | ||
| PROCEDURE 38 Physeal-Sparing ACL Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients Using Iliotibial Band Technique | 461 | ||
| Indications | 462 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 462 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 464 | ||
| Positioning | 464 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 464 | ||
| Procedure | 466 | ||
| Step 1: Graft Harvest | 466 | ||
| Step 2: Arthroscopic Examination | 466 | ||
| Step 3: Graft Passage and Fixation | 466 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 468 | ||
| Evidence | 470 | ||
| PROCEDURE 39 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Tubercle Fractures | 471 | ||
| Indications | 472 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 472 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 474 | ||
| Positioning | 476 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 476 | ||
| Procedure | 476 | ||
| Step 1: Exposure of Fracture Site | 476 | ||
| Step 2: Reduction and Fixation of Fracture | 478 | ||
| Step 3: Soft Tissue Repair and Closure | 480 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 480 | ||
| Evidence | 482 | ||
| PROCEDURE 40 Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Blount’s Disease | 483 | ||
| Indications | 484 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 484 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 486 | ||
| Positioning | 486 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 486 | ||
| Procedure: Small Wire Circular Fixators | 488 | ||
| Step 1 | 488 | ||
| Step 2 | 488 | ||
| IX Foot | 565 | ||
| PROCEDURE 45 Ponseti Method for Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity | 567 | ||
| Indications | 568 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 568 | ||
| Anatomy | 570 | ||
| Positioning | 570 | ||
| Procedure | 570 | ||
| Step 1 | 570 | ||
| Step 2 | 574 | ||
| Step 3 | 582 | ||
| Step 4 | 584 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 584 | ||
| Evidence | 586 | ||
| PROCEDURE 46 Resection of Talocalcaneal Tarsal Coalition and Fat Autograft Interposition | 589 | ||
| Indications | 590 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 590 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 592 | ||
| Positioning | 592 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 592 | ||
| Procedure | 594 | ||
| Step 1 | 594 | ||
| Step 2 | 596 | ||
| Step 3 | 598 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 598 | ||
| Evidence | 600 | ||
| PROCEDURE 47 Resection of Calcaneonavicular Coalition and Fat Autograft Interposition | 603 | ||
| Indications | 604 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 604 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 606 | ||
| Positioning | 606 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 606 | ||
| Procedure | 608 | ||
| Step 1 | 608 | ||
| Step 2 | 610 | ||
| Step 3 | 612 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 612 | ||
| Evidence | 614 | ||
| PROCEDURE 48 Chevron Osteotomy for Adolescent Hallux Valgus | 615 | ||
| Indications | 616 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 616 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 618 | ||
| Positioning | 618 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 618 | ||
| Procedure | 620 | ||
| Step 1 | 620 | ||
| Step 2 | 620 | ||
| Step 3 | 620 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 622 | ||
| Evidence | 624 | ||
| PROCEDURE 49 Osteotomies of the Foot for Cavus Deformities | 625 | ||
| Indications | 626 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 626 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 628 | ||
| Positioning | 628 | ||
| Procedure | 628 | ||
| Step 1: First Ray Osteotomies | 628 | ||
| Step 2: Cuboid Closing Wedge Osteotomy | 630 | ||
| Step 3: Metatarsal Osteotomies | 630 | ||
| Step 4: Calcaneal Osteotomy | 630 | ||
| Step 5: K-Wire Fixation | 632 | ||
| Step 6: Plantar Fasciotomies | 632 | ||
| Step 7: Peroneus Longus–to–Peroneus Brevis Transfer | 632 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 632 | ||
| Evidence | 634 | ||
| PROCEDURE 50 Flexor Tenotomy for Congenital Curly Toe | 635 | ||
| Indications | 636 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 636 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 636 | ||
| Positioning | 636 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 636 | ||
| Procedure | 636 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 638 | ||
| Evidence | 638 | ||
| PROCEDURE 51 Tibialis Posterior Tendon Transfer | 639 | ||
| Indications | 640 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 640 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 640 | ||
| Positioning | 640 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 640 | ||
| Procedure | 642 | ||
| Step 1 | 642 | ||
| Step 2 | 642 | ||
| Step 3 | 642 | ||
| Step 4 | 642 | ||
| Step 5 | 644 | ||
| Step 6 | 646 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 646 | ||
| Evidence | 648 | ||
| PROCEDURE 52 Split Transfer of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon | 649 | ||
| Indications | 650 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 650 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 650 | ||
| Positioning | 650 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 650 | ||
| Procedure | 652 | ||
| Step 1 | 652 | ||
| Step 2 | 652 | ||
| Step 3 | 652 | ||
| Step 4 | 652 | ||
| Step 5 | 652 | ||
| Step 6 | 652 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 654 | ||
| Evidence | 654 | ||
| PROCEDURE 53 Calcaneal-Cuboid-Cuneiform Osteotomy for the Correction of Valgus Foot Deformities | 655 | ||
| Indications | 656 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 656 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 658 | ||
| Positioning | 658 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 658 | ||
| Procedure | 658 | ||
| Step 1 | 658 | ||
| Step 2 | 658 | ||
| Step 3 | 660 | ||
| Step 4 | 662 | ||
| Step 5 | 662 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 662 | ||
| Evidence | 664 | ||
| X Spine | 665 | ||
| PROCEDURE 54 Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR) Expansion Thoracoplasty | 667 | ||
| Indications | 668 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 668 | ||
| History | 668 | ||
| Physical Examination | 668 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 670 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Studies | 672 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 674 | ||
| Positioning | 674 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 676 | ||
| VEPTR Expansion Thoracoplasty | 676 | ||
| Procedure: VDD Type II, Fused Ribs and Scoliosis | 678 | ||
| Step 1 | 678 | ||
| Step 2: Rib-to-Rib VEPTR | 680 | ||
| Step 3: Hybrid Device Implantation | 680 | ||
| Step 4: Closure | 684 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 686 | ||
| Complications | 686 | ||
| Prevention of Complications | 688 | ||
| Treatment of Complications | 689 | ||
| VEPTR Expansion | 689 | ||
| Positioning | 689 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 690 | ||
| Procedure | 690 | ||
| Step 1 | 690 | ||
| Step 2 | 690 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 690 | ||
| VEPTR Replacement | 692 | ||
| Positioning | 692 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 692 | ||
| Procedure | 692 | ||
| Step 1 | 692 | ||
| Step 2 | 692 | ||
| Step 3 | 694 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 694 | ||
| VEPTR Procedure for Early-Onset Scoliosis | 694 | ||
| Controversies | 694 | ||
| Positioning | 695 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 695 | ||
| Procedure | 695 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 696 | ||
| Evidence | 698 | ||
| PROCEDURE 55 Hemivertebra Resection | 699 | ||
| Indications | 700 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 700 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 700 | ||
| Positioning | 702 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 702 | ||
| Procedure | 702 | ||
| Step 1 | 702 | ||
| Step 2 | 704 | ||
| Step 3 | 706 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 706 | ||
| Evidence | 708 | ||
| PROCEDURE 56 Posterior Surgical Treatment for Scheuermann’s Kyphosis | 709 | ||
| Indications | 710 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 710 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 710 | ||
| Positioning | 710 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 710 | ||
| Procedure | 712 | ||
| Step 1 | 712 | ||
| Step 2 | 712 | ||
| Step 3 | 714 | ||
| Step 4 | 716 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 716 | ||
| Evidence | 718 | ||
| PROCEDURE 57 Scoliosis Correction | 719 | ||
| Indications | 720 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 720 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 720 | ||
| Positioning | 720 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 722 | ||
| Procedure | 722 | ||
| Step 1 | 722 | ||
| Step 2 | 724 | ||
| Step 3 | 728 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 728 | ||
| Evidence | 730 | ||
| PROCEDURE 58 Anterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion for Lumbar and Thoracolumbar Idiopathic Scoliosis | 731 | ||
| Indications | 732 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 736 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 738 | ||
| Positioning | 740 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 740 | ||
| Procedure | 744 | ||
| Step 1: Intervertebral Disk Excision and Spinal Destabilization | 744 | ||
| Step 2: Instrumentation and Bone Grafting | 746 | ||
| Step 3: Rod Insertion, Deformity Manipulative Correction, and Structural Graft Placement | 748 | ||
| Step 4: Closure | 750 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 750 | ||
| Evidence | 752 | ||
| PROCEDURE 59 Posterior Instrumented Reduction and Fusion for Spondylolisthesis | 755 | ||
| Indications | 756 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 756 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 756 | ||
| Positioning | 758 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 758 | ||
| Procedure | 758 | ||
| Step 1 | 758 | ||
| Step 2 | 758 | ||
| Step 3 | 758 | ||
| Step 4 | 760 | ||
| Step 5 | 760 | ||
| Step 6 | 760 | ||
| Step 7 | 760 | ||
| Step 8 | 760 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 762 | ||
| Evidence | 762 | ||
| PROCEDURE 60 Thoracoscopic Release and Instrumentation for Scoliosis | 765 | ||
| Indications | 766 | ||
| Examination/Imaging | 766 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 768 | ||
| Positioning | 768 | ||
| Portals/Exposures | 770 | ||
| Procedure | 772 | ||
| Step 1: Exposure of the Vertebrae and Disks | 772 | ||
| Step 2: Diskectomy | 772 | ||
| Step 3: Instrumentation and Insertion of Structural Graft (for Cases with Anterior Instrumentation) | 774 | ||
| Step 4: Closure | 776 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Expected Outcomes | 776 | ||
| Evidence | 778 | ||
| INDEX | 781 | ||
| A | 781 | ||
| B | 781 | ||
| C | 781 | ||
| D | 782 | ||
| E | 782 | ||
| F | 783 | ||
| G | 784 | ||
| H | 784 | ||
| I | 784 | ||
| J | 785 | ||
| K | 785 | ||
| L | 785 | ||
| M | 785 | ||
| O | 785 | ||
| P | 786 | ||
| R | 786 | ||
| S | 787 | ||
| T | 788 | ||
| U | 789 | ||
| V | 789 | ||
| W | 789 |