BOOK
Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity, 2-Volume Set E-Book
Terri M. Skirven | A. Lee Osterman | Jane Fedorczyk | Peter C. Amadio
(2011)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
With the combined expertise of leading hand surgeons and therapists, Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity, 6th Edition, by Drs. Skirven, Osterman, Fedorczyk and Amadio, helps you apply the best practices in the rehabilitation of hand, wrist, elbow, arm and shoulder problems, so you can help your patients achieve the highest level of function possible. This popular, unparalleled text has been updated with 30 new chapters that include the latest information on arthroscopy, imaging, vascular disorders, tendon transfers, fingertip injuries, mobilization techniques, traumatic brachial plexus injuries, and pain management. An expanded editorial team and an even more geographically diverse set of contributors provide you with a fresh, authoritative, and truly global perspective while new full-color images and photos provide unmatched visual guidance. Access the complete contents online at www.expertconsult.com along with streaming video of surgical and rehabilitation techniques, links to Pub Med, and more.
- Provide the best patient care and optimal outcomes with trusted guidance from this multidisciplinary, comprehensive resource covering the entire upper extremity, now with increased coverage of wrist and elbow problems.
- Apply the latest treatments, rehabilitation protocols, and expertise of leading surgeons and therapists to help your patients regain maximum movement after traumatic injuries or to improve limited functionality caused by chronic or acquired conditions.
- Effectively implement the newest techniques detailed in new and updated chapters on a variety of sports-specific and other acquired injuries, and chronic disorders.
- Keep up with the latest advances in arthroscopy, imaging, vascular disorders, tendon transfers, fingertip injuries, mobilization techniques, traumatic brachial plexus injuries, and pain management
- See conditions and treatments as they appear in practice thanks to detailed, full-color design, illustrations, and photographs.
- Access the full contents online with streaming video of surgical and rehabilitation techniques, downloadable patient handouts, links to Pub Med, and regular updates at www.expertconsult.com.
- Get a fresh perspective from seven new section editors, as well as an even more geographically diverse set of contributors.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| e9780323056021v1.pdf | 1 | ||
| Front cover | 1 | ||
| Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity | 2 | ||
| Copyright page | 5 | ||
| Dedication | 6 | ||
| Sixth Edition Editors | 8 | ||
| Contributors | 10 | ||
| Foreword | 22 | ||
| Preface | 24 | ||
| Table of Contents | 26 | ||
| Online Supplemental Elements | 32 | ||
| Forms: | 32 | ||
| Archive Chapter from the Third Edition: | 32 | ||
| Archive Chapters from the Fifth Edition: | 32 | ||
| Online Video List | 34 | ||
| Part 1 Anatomy and Kinesiology | 38 | ||
| CHAPTER 1 Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Hand | 40 | ||
| Osteology of the Hand | 40 | ||
| Articulations of the Hand | 42 | ||
| Skin, Retinacular System, and Compartmentation of the Hand | 45 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand | 48 | ||
| Tendons of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Hand | 50 | ||
| Digital Balance | 55 | ||
| Nerve Supply of the Hand | 57 | ||
| Blood Supply of the Hand | 57 | ||
| References | 60 | ||
| References | 61 | ||
| Part I Anatomy of the Upper Extremity | 62 | ||
| CHAPTER 1 Atlas on Regional Anatomy of the Neck, Axilla, and Upper Extremity* | 62 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 1 | 62 | ||
| General Considerations | 62 | ||
| Topography (Fig. 1) | 62 | ||
| The Anterior Triangle | 62 | ||
| The Posterior Triangle | 62 | ||
| Surface Markings (see Fig. 1) | 62 | ||
| 1. Thyroid Cartilage | 62 | ||
| 2. Hyoid Bone | 62 | ||
| 3. Cricoid Cartilage | 62 | ||
| Skin of the Neck | 63 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 2) | 63 | ||
| 1. External Jugular Vein | 63 | ||
| 2. Anterior Jugular Vein | 63 | ||
| 3. Vein of Kocher | 63 | ||
| 4. Superficial Cervical Plexus | 63 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 2 | 63 | ||
| Carotid Arterial System (Fig. 1) | 63 | ||
| 1. Common Carotid | 63 | ||
| 2. Internal Carotid | 63 | ||
| 3. External Carotid | 63 | ||
| Related Structures (see Fig. 1) | 63 | ||
| 1. Internal Jugular Vein | 63 | ||
| 2. Vagus Nerve | 64 | ||
| 3. Spinal Accessory Nerve | 64 | ||
| 4. Hypoglossal Nerve | 64 | ||
| 5. Cervical Sympathetic Trunk | 64 | ||
| Cervical Plexus (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 64 | ||
| 1. Ansa Hypoglossi | 64 | ||
| 2. Phrenic Nerve | 64 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 3 | 64 | ||
| The Posterior Triangle | 64 | ||
| Boundaries and Muscular Contents (Fig. 1) | 64 | ||
| 1. Anterior Scalene | 64 | ||
| 2. Middle Scalene | 64 | ||
| 3. Posterior Scalene | 64 | ||
| 4. Levator Scapulae | 64 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (see Fig. 2, Plate 1) | 64 | ||
| Deep Fascia (see Fig. 1) | 64 | ||
| Brachial Plexus (Fig. 2) | 64 | ||
| 1. Anterior Primary Divisions | 64 | ||
| 2. Trunks | 64 | ||
| 3. Secondary Divisions | 65 | ||
| 4. Cords | 65 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 4 | 65 | ||
| Anterior Scalene Muscle (Fig. 1) | 65 | ||
| Related Structures (see Fig. 1) | 65 | ||
| 1. Subclavian Vein | 65 | ||
| 2. Subclavian Artery | 65 | ||
| 3. Brachial Plexus | 65 | ||
| 4. Phrenic Nerve | 65 | ||
| 5. Spinal Accessory Nerve | 65 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 5 | 65 | ||
| Cervical Rib (Fig. 1) | 65 | ||
| Scalene Anticus Syndrome (see Fig. 1) | 66 | ||
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | 66 | ||
| The Breast and Axilla—Plate 6 | 66 | ||
| The Axilla | 66 | ||
| Boundaries (Fig. 1) | 66 | ||
| 1. Apex | 66 | ||
| 2. Base | 66 | ||
| 3. Anterior Wall | 66 | ||
| 4. Posterior Wall | 66 | ||
| 5. Lateral Wall | 66 | ||
| 6. Medial Wall | 66 | ||
| Deep Fascia (Fig. 2) | 66 | ||
| 1. Pectoral Fascia | 66 | ||
| 2. Clavipectoral Fascia | 66 | ||
| 3. Axillary Sheath | 66 | ||
| Axillary Vein (Fig. 3). | 66 | ||
| 1. Cephalic Vein | 67 | ||
| 2. Thoracoepigastric Vein | 67 | ||
| The Breast and Axilla—Plate 7 | 67 | ||
| Axillary Artery (Figs. 1 and 2) | 67 | ||
| 1. First Portion | 67 | ||
| 2. Second Portion | 67 | ||
| 3. Third Portion | 67 | ||
| Brachial Plexus (see Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 2, Plate 3) | 67 | ||
| 1. Anterolateral Cord | 67 | ||
| 2. Anteromedial Cord | 67 | ||
| 3. Posterior Cord (see Fig. 2) | 67 | ||
| Long Thoracic Nerve (see Fig. 1) | 67 | ||
| Axillary Lymph Nodes (Fig. 3) | 68 | ||
| 1. Posterior (Subscapular) | 68 | ||
| 2. Lateral (Brachial) | 68 | ||
| 3. Anterior (Anterior Pectoralis) | 68 | ||
| 4. Medial (Posterior Pectoral) | 68 | ||
| 5. Central | 68 | ||
| 6. Apical (Infraclavicular) | 68 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 8 | 68 | ||
| The Brachium (Anterior Compartment) | 68 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 1) | 68 | ||
| Deep Fascia (Fig. 2) | 68 | ||
| Muscular Contents (Figs. 3 through 5) | 68 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscles | 68 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles | 68 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle (see Fig. 5) | 68 | ||
| 1. Musculocutaneous Nerve | 68 | ||
| 2. Median Nerve | 69 | ||
| 3. Ulnar Nerve | 69 | ||
| 4. Brachial Artery | 69 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 9 | 69 | ||
| The Brachium (Posterior Compartment) | 69 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 1) | 69 | ||
| Deep Fascia | 69 | ||
| Muscular Contents (Figs. 1 and 2) | 69 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscles | 69 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles. | 69 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle (see Fig. 2) | 69 | ||
| 1. Deep Brachial Artery | 69 | ||
| 2. Radial Nerve | 70 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 10 | 70 | ||
| Muscle Attachments to the Humerus | 70 | ||
| 1. Supraspinatus | 70 | ||
| 2. Subscapularis | 70 | ||
| 3. Pectoralis Major | 70 | ||
| 4. Latissimus Dorsi | 70 | ||
| 5. Teres Major | 70 | ||
| 6. Deltoid | 70 | ||
| 7. Coracobrachialis | 70 | ||
| 8. Biceps Brachii | 70 | ||
| 9. Brachialis (see Fig. 4, Plate 8) | 70 | ||
| 10. Infraspinatus and Teres Minor (See Fig. 2, Plate 9) | 70 | ||
| Fractures of the Upper End of the Humerus | 70 | ||
| 1. Fractures at the Anatomic Neck | 70 | ||
| 2. Fractures of the Tubercles | 70 | ||
| 3. Fracture at the Surgical Neck (Fig. 2) | 70 | ||
| 4. Separation of the Upper Epiphysis | 70 | ||
| Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus | 70 | ||
| 1. Fracture of the Shaft above the Deltoid Insertion (Fig. 3) | 71 | ||
| 2. Fracture of the Shaft below the Deltoid Insertion (Fig. 4) | 71 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 11 | 71 | ||
| Fractures of the Lower End of the Humerus | 71 | ||
| Displacement in Supracondylar Fractures | 71 | ||
| Principles of Reduction in Supracondylar Fractures | 71 | ||
| Neurovascular Complications in Supracondylar Fractures | 71 | ||
| Surgical Exposure of the Humerus | 71 | ||
| Anterior Approach | 71 | ||
| Posterior Approach | 71 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 12 | 71 | ||
| The Antebrachium (Anterior Compartment) | 71 | ||
| Deep Fascia | 71 | ||
| Muscular Contents | 71 | ||
| 1. First Layer | 72 | ||
| 2. Second Layer | 72 | ||
| 3. Third Layer | 72 | ||
| 4. Fourth Layer | 72 | ||
| Blood Supply (see Figs. 2, 3, and 4) | 72 | ||
| 1. Radial Artery | 72 | ||
| 2. Ulnar Artery | 72 | ||
| Nerve Supply (see Figs. 2 and 3) | 72 | ||
| 1. Median Nerve | 72 | ||
| 2. Ulnar Nerve | 72 | ||
| 3. Radial Nerve | 72 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 13 | 72 | ||
| The Antebrachium (Posterior Compartment) | 72 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (see Fig. 1, Plate 9) | 72 | ||
| Deep Fascia (Fig. 1) | 72 | ||
| Muscular Contents | 73 | ||
| 1. Superficial Layer (see Fig. 1)— | 73 | ||
| 2. Deep Layer (Fig. 2) | 73 | ||
| Anconeus | 73 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle (see Fig. 2) | 73 | ||
| 1. Dorsal Interosseous Artery | 73 | ||
| 2. Dorsal Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial) | 73 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 14 | 73 | ||
| Clinical Considerations of the Forearm (Antebrachium) | 73 | ||
| Fractures of the Bones of the Forearm | 73 | ||
| 1. Isolated Fractures of the Ulna | 74 | ||
| 2. Fractures of the Shaft of the Radius | 74 | ||
| Surgical Approach to the Long Bones of the Forearm | 74 | ||
| 1. Ulna | 74 | ||
| 2. Radius | 74 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 15 | 74 | ||
| The Hand (Palmar or Volar Surface) | 74 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 2) | 74 | ||
| Deep (Palmar) Fascia (see Fig. 2) | 74 | ||
| Middle Compartment | 74 | ||
| 1. Superficial Neurovascular Structures (Fig. 3)— | 74 | ||
| 2. Superficial Musculotendinous Structures (Fig. 3) | 75 | ||
| 3. Fascial Spaces | 75 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 16 | 75 | ||
| 4. Deep Muscular Structures (Figs. 1 and 2) | 75 | ||
| 5. Deep Neurovascular Structures (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 75 | ||
| Thenar Compartment (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 75 | ||
| 1. Musculotendinous Contents | 75 | ||
| 2. Neurovascular Contents | 76 | ||
| Hypothenar Compartment (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 76 | ||
| 1. Muscular Contents | 76 | ||
| 2. Neurovascular Structures | 76 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 17 | 76 | ||
| The Hand (Dorsal Surface) and Wrist | 76 | ||
| Skin | 76 | ||
| Superficial Fascia | 76 | ||
| Extensor Tendons (Fig. 3) | 76 | ||
| Dorsal Subaponeurotic Space (see Fig. 2, Plate 18) | 76 | ||
| Dorsal Interosseous Muscles (see Fig. 3) | 76 | ||
| Dorsal Metacarpal Arteries (see Fig. 3) | 77 | ||
| Extensor Assembly | 77 | ||
| Volar Aspect of the Wrist (Fig. 5) | 77 | ||
| Transverse Carpal Ligament | 77 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 18 | 77 | ||
| The Anatomy of Hand Infections | 77 | ||
| Mucous (Synovial) Tendon Sheaths (Figs. 1 and 3) | 77 | ||
| 1. Proper Digital Mucous Tendon Sheaths | 77 | ||
| 2. Radial Bursa | 77 | ||
| 3. Ulnar Bursa | 77 | ||
| Palmar Fascial Spaces | 77 | ||
| 1. Thenar Space (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 77 | ||
| 2. Midpalmar Space (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 77 | ||
| 3. Adductor Space (Figs. 2 and 4) | 78 | ||
| Other Fascial Spaces | 78 | ||
| Surgical Incisions (see Fig. 3) | 78 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 19 | 78 | ||
| Major Joints of the Upper Extremity | 78 | ||
| Shoulder Joint | 78 | ||
| 1. Bony Parts (Figs. 1 and 2) | 78 | ||
| 2. Articular Capsule (Figs. 1 to 5) | 78 | ||
| 3. Synovial Membrane (Fig. 6) | 78 | ||
| 4. Musculotendinous Relations (see Figs. 3 to 5) | 78 | ||
| 5. Other Relations | 79 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 20 | 79 | ||
| Clinical Considerations of the Shoulder Joint | 79 | ||
| The Rotator Cuff | 79 | ||
| Surgical Approaches to the Shoulder | 79 | ||
| Anterior Approach (Figs. 1, 2, and 3) | 79 | ||
| Posterior Approach | 79 | ||
| Shoulder Dislocations | 79 | ||
| Dislocating Forces | 79 | ||
| Types of Dislocation | 79 | ||
| Injuries to Associated Structures | 80 | ||
| 1. To Musculotendinous Structures of the Rotator Cuff | 80 | ||
| 2. To Capsule | 80 | ||
| 3. To Bone | 80 | ||
| 4. To Nerves | 80 | ||
| 5. To Vessels | 80 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 21 | 80 | ||
| Elbow Joint | 80 | ||
| 1. Bony Parts (Figs. 1 and 2) | 80 | ||
| 2. Articular Capsule (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 80 | ||
| 3. Synovial Membrane (Fig. 5) | 80 | ||
| Wrist Joint | 80 | ||
| 1. Bony Parts (Figs. 6 and 7) | 80 | ||
| 2. Articular Capsule (see Figs. 6 and 7) | 80 | ||
| 3. Synovial Membranes (Fig. 10) | 81 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 22 | 81 | ||
| Clinical Considerations of the Elbow and Wrist | 81 | ||
| 1. Relation of the Ulnar Nerve to the Medial Epicondyle (Fig. 1) | 81 | ||
| 2. Relation of Radial Nerve to the Lateral Epicondyle and to the Supinator Muscle (Fig. 2) | 81 | ||
| 3. Anterolateral Approach to the Elbow | 81 | ||
| 4. Exposure of Ulnar Nerve in Region of the Elbow Joint through a Posterior-Medial Incision (see Fig. 1) | 81 | ||
| 5. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or Median Neuritis at the Wrist (Fig. 4) | 81 | ||
| 6. Fracture of the Navicular (Fig. 5) | 81 | ||
| 7. Dislocation of the Lunate (Fig. 6) | 82 | ||
| CHAPTER 2 Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Wrist | 106 | ||
| Bony Anatomy | 106 | ||
| Distal Radius and Ulna | 106 | ||
| Proximal Carpal Row Bones | 107 | ||
| Distal Carpal Row Bones | 108 | ||
| Joint Anatomy | 108 | ||
| Radiocarpal Joint | 109 | ||
| Midcarpal Joint | 109 | ||
| Interosseous Joints: Proximal Row | 109 | ||
| Interosseous Joints: Distal Row | 109 | ||
| Ligament Anatomy | 109 | ||
| Overview | 109 | ||
| Distal Radioulnar Ligaments | 109 | ||
| Palmar Radiocarpal Ligaments | 110 | ||
| Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament | 110 | ||
| Ulnocarpal Ligaments | 110 | ||
| Midcarpal Ligaments | 110 | ||
| Proximal Row Interosseous Ligaments | 111 | ||
| Distal Row Interosseous Ligaments | 111 | ||
| Tendons | 112 | ||
| Vascular Anatomy | 112 | ||
| Extraosseous Blood Supply | 112 | ||
| Intraosseous Blood Supply | 112 | ||
| Kinematics | 113 | ||
| Overview | 113 | ||
| Individual Carpal Bone Motion | 113 | ||
| Palmar Flexion/Dorsiflexion | 113 | ||
| Radioulnar Deviation | 114 | ||
| Kinetics | 114 | ||
| Force Analysis | 114 | ||
| Normal Joint Forces | 115 | ||
| Normal Joint Contact Area and Pressure | 115 | ||
| Summary | 115 | ||
| References | 115 | ||
| Bibliography | 116 | ||
| CHAPTER 3 Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Elbow | 117 | ||
| Biomechanics | 117 | ||
| Anatomy | 117 | ||
| Osteology | 117 | ||
| Ligamentous Anatomy | 121 | ||
| Muscles Crossing the Elbow | 123 | ||
| Neurovascular Structures About the Elbow | 124 | ||
| Summary | 127 | ||
| References | 128 | ||
| References | 129 | ||
| CHAPTER 4 Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Shoulder | 130 | ||
| Range of Motion | 130 | ||
| Measuring Normal Range of Motion | 130 | ||
| Codman’s Paradox | 131 | ||
| Three-Dimensional Joint Motion | 131 | ||
| Glenohumeral Anatomy | 131 | ||
| Glenoid | 131 | ||
| Humeral Head | 131 | ||
| Glenohumeral Biomechanics | 131 | ||
| Laxity | 131 | ||
| Laxity Versus Instability | 132 | ||
| Glenohumeral Stabilizers | 132 | ||
| Static Stabilizers | 132 | ||
| The Glenohumeral Ligaments | 133 | ||
| The Interplay Between Static and Dynamic Constraints | 133 | ||
| Dynamic Stabilizers | 134 | ||
| The Clavicle and Scapula | 134 | ||
| The Anatomy of the Clavicle | 134 | ||
| Sternoclavicular Joint | 134 | ||
| Acromioclavicular Joint | 135 | ||
| Clavicular Motion | 136 | ||
| The Anatomy of the Scapula | 136 | ||
| The Scapulothoracic Articulation | 136 | ||
| Scapular Motion | 136 | ||
| Biomechanics of the Shoulder Complex | 136 | ||
| Active Arm Elevation | 137 | ||
| External Rotation of the Humerus | 137 | ||
| The Coordinated Muscle Activity of the Shoulder | 137 | ||
| Scapulohumeral Rhythm | 137 | ||
| Summary | 137 | ||
| References | 137 | ||
| References | 138 | ||
| CHAPTER 5 Surface Anatomy of the Upper Extremity | 140 | ||
| Posterior Cervical Triangle | 140 | ||
| Shoulder | 141 | ||
| Arm and Elbow | 143 | ||
| Forearm and Wrist | 144 | ||
| Hand | 146 | ||
| References | 147 | ||
| Bibliography | 148 | ||
| Part 2 Examination | 150 | ||
| CHAPTER 6 Clinical Examination of the Hand | 152 | ||
| History | 152 | ||
| Physical Examination | 153 | ||
| Observation, Inspection, and Palpation | 153 | ||
| Edema | 153 | ||
| Range of Motion | 154 | ||
| Muscle Testing | 156 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscle Testing—The Extrinsic Flexors | 156 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscle Testing—The Extensors | 157 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscle Testing | 158 | ||
| Oblique Retinacular Ligament Test | 162 | ||
| Grip and Pinch Strength | 163 | ||
| Nerve Supply of the Hand— Motor and Sensory | 165 | ||
| Cutaneous Sensibility | 166 | ||
| Vascularity of the Hand | 166 | ||
| Medical Screening and Review of Systems | 167 | ||
| Summary | 168 | ||
| References | 168 | ||
| References | 169 | ||
| CHAPTER 7 Clinical Examination of the Wrist | 171 | ||
| History of the Injury or Onset | 171 | ||
| Inspection of the Wrist | 172 | ||
| Objective Assessments | 172 | ||
| Diagnostic Injection | 174 | ||
| Physical Examination | 175 | ||
| Radial Dorsal Zone | 175 | ||
| Central Dorsal Zone | 179 | ||
| Ulnar Dorsal Zone | 182 | ||
| Radial Volar Zone | 188 | ||
| Ulnar Volar Zone | 190 | ||
| General Tests | 190 | ||
| Summary | 190 | ||
| References | 190 | ||
| References | 192 | ||
| CHAPTER 8 Clinical Examination of the Elbow | 194 | ||
| History | 195 | ||
| Physical Examination | 195 | ||
| Inspection | 196 | ||
| Palpation | 196 | ||
| Posterior | 196 | ||
| Lateral | 196 | ||
| Anterior | 198 | ||
| Medial | 200 | ||
| Range of Motion | 201 | ||
| Strength | 201 | ||
| Instability | 201 | ||
| Specific Diagnostic Maneuvers | 206 | ||
| Additional Diagnostic Modalities | 206 | ||
| Elbow Scoring Systems and Self-Report Measures | 208 | ||
| Summary | 208 | ||
| References | 208 | ||
| References | 209 | ||
| CHAPTER 9 Clinical Examination of the Shoulder | 211 | ||
| Patient Characteristics | 212 | ||
| Age | 212 | ||
| History | 212 | ||
| Chief Complaint | 212 | ||
| Characteristics of Pain | 212 | ||
| Location | 212 | ||
| Intensity and Frequency | 213 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 213 | ||
| Postoperative Evaluation | 213 | ||
| Outcome Forms | 215 | ||
| Physical Examination | 215 | ||
| Observation | 215 | ||
| Posture | 216 | ||
| Cervical Range of Motion | 218 | ||
| Cervical Spine Special Tests | 218 | ||
| Spurling Test | 218 | ||
| Compression and Distraction Test | 218 | ||
| Contractile Versus Noncontractile Tissue | 218 | ||
| Active Range of Motion | 220 | ||
| Painful Arc | 220 | ||
| Scapulohumeral Rhythm | 221 | ||
| Strength Testing | 221 | ||
| Quantitative Strength Testing | 223 | ||
| Resisted Motions | 223 | ||
| Weakness or Pain | 223 | ||
| Resisted Abduction | 224 | ||
| Resisted Flexion | 224 | ||
| Resisted External Rotation | 224 | ||
| Resisted Internal Rotation | 226 | ||
| Resisted Extension | 226 | ||
| Resisted Elbow Flexion | 226 | ||
| Resisted Elbow Extension | 226 | ||
| Scapular Muscle Strength Testing and Special Tests | 227 | ||
| Long Thoracic Nerve Palsy | 227 | ||
| Serratus Anterior Isolation Test | 227 | ||
| Plus Sign | 227 | ||
| Resisted Functional Flexion Test | 227 | ||
| Posterior Instability | 228 | ||
| External Rotation Stabilizing Maneuver | 228 | ||
| Poor Motor Control | 228 | ||
| Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy | 228 | ||
| Scapular Flip Sign | 228 | ||
| Middle Trapezius Testing | 228 | ||
| Lower Trapezius Testing | 228 | ||
| Summary | 229 | ||
| Passive Range of Motion | 229 | ||
| Range of Motion | 230 | ||
| Pain | 230 | ||
| End-Feel | 231 | ||
| Accessory Motions (Joint Play) | 231 | ||
| Stability Testing | 231 | ||
| Hyperelasticity or Hypoelasticity | 232 | ||
| Special Tests | 232 | ||
| Apprehension Maneuver | 232 | ||
| Relocation Test | 232 | ||
| Anterior Release Test | 232 | ||
| Anterior and Posterior Laxity Testing | 234 | ||
| Sulcus Test | 235 | ||
| Jerk Test | 235 | ||
| Kim Test | 237 | ||
| Multidirectional Instability | 237 | ||
| Summary | 237 | ||
| Special Tests for Superior Labrum Anterior–Posterior Lesions | 237 | ||
| Active Compression Test (O’Brien’s Sign) | 237 | ||
| Biceps Load Test I | 237 | ||
| Biceps Load Test II | 237 | ||
| Anterior Slide Test | 237 | ||
| Crank Test | 237 | ||
| Resisted Supination External Rotation Test | 238 | ||
| Summary | 239 | ||
| Rotator Cuff and Biceps Special Tests | 239 | ||
| Neer’s Impingement Sign | 239 | ||
| Hawkins’ Sign | 240 | ||
| Biceps Provocative Signs | 241 | ||
| Supraspinatus Isolation Test | 241 | ||
| External Rotation Lag Sign and Drop Sign | 241 | ||
| Lift-Off Test | 242 | ||
| Internal Rotation Lag Sign | 243 | ||
| Belly Press Test | 243 | ||
| Horizontal (Cross-Body) Adduction Test | 243 | ||
| Neural Tests | 244 | ||
| Sensation and Reflexes | 244 | ||
| Upper Limb Tension Test | 244 | ||
| Tinel’s Sign | 244 | ||
| Vascular Tests | 244 | ||
| Difficulties in Testing | 245 | ||
| Palpation | 245 | ||
| Sternoclavicular Joint | 245 | ||
| Acromioclavicular Joint | 245 | ||
| Supraspinatus | 245 | ||
| e9780323056021v2 | 1483 | ||
| Front cover | 1483 | ||
| Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity | 1484 | ||
| Copyright page | 1487 | ||
| Dedication | 1488 | ||
| Sixth Edition Editors | 1490 | ||
| Contributors | 1492 | ||
| Foreword | 1504 | ||
| Preface | 1506 | ||
| Table of Contents | 1508 | ||
| Online Supplemental Elements | 1514 | ||
| Forms: | 1514 | ||
| Archive Chapter from the Third Edition: | 1514 | ||
| Archive Chapters from the Fifth Edition: | 1514 | ||
| Online Video List | 1516 | ||
| Part 12 Common Wrist Injuries | 1520 | ||
| CHAPTER 69 Distal Radius Fractures: | 1522 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1522 | ||
| Classification | 1523 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation | 1526 | ||
| Management of Distal Radius Fractures | 1527 | ||
| Conclusions | 1532 | ||
| References | 1532 | ||
| References | 1533 | ||
| CHAPTER 70 Therapist’s Management of Distal Radius Fractures | 1534 | ||
| Surgeon’s Management of DRFs | 1534 | ||
| Examination of the Patient With a DRF | 1534 | ||
| Patient Factors Including Medical History | 1535 | ||
| Patient-Rated Self-Report Measures/Questionnaires | 1535 | ||
| ROM | 1535 | ||
| Loading Across the Wrist: Grip, Pinch, and Push-off | 1535 | ||
| Radiographic Outcome | 1536 | ||
| Measuring Outcome of Intervention After Wrist Fracture | 1536 | ||
| Therapy Guidelines and Progression | 1537 | ||
| Phases of Rehabilitation | 1537 | ||
| Early Protective Phase | 1537 | ||
| Mobilization/Motion Phase | 1539 | ||
| Techniques to Restore Motion | 1539 | ||
| Role of Orthotic Devices for Adaptively Shortened Connective Tissue | 1542 | ||
| What About the Hand? | 1543 | ||
| Function and Strengthening Phase | 1543 | ||
| Patient Education and Home Exercise Programs | 1544 | ||
| Therapy Guidelines Based on Fracture Management Technique | 1544 | ||
| Closed Reduction and Cast Immobilization | 1545 | ||
| External Fixation With or Without Percutaneous Pinning | 1546 | ||
| Open Reduction and Internal Fixation | 1547 | ||
| Volar Fixed-Angle Plating | 1547 | ||
| Dorsal Plating | 1547 | ||
| Complications: When Things Do Not Go Well | 1547 | ||
| Do Patients Get Better With Hand Therapy After DRF? | 1548 | ||
| Exploring Further Information on DRFs | 1548 | ||
| Concluding Statements | 1548 | ||
| References | 1548 | ||
| References | 1549 | ||
| CHAPTER 71 The Distal Radioulnar Joint: | 1551 | ||
| Anatomy and Kinesiology | 1551 | ||
| Bony Morphology | 1551 | ||
| Soft-Tissue Stabilizing Structures | 1552 | ||
| Secondary Stabilizers | 1553 | ||
| Biomechanics | 1553 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1553 | ||
| History | 1553 | ||
| Physical Examination | 1553 | ||
| Imaging | 1554 | ||
| Plain Radiographs | 1554 | ||
| CT | 1554 | ||
| MRI | 1554 | ||
| Problem-Specific Management | 1554 | ||
| Acute Injuries | 1554 | ||
| Bony Injuries | 1554 | ||
| Fractures of the Ulnar Styloid. | 1554 | ||
| Acute Fractures of the Distal Radius. | 1555 | ||
| Soft-Tissue Injuries About the Distal Ulna | 1556 | ||
| TFCC Tears. | 1556 | ||
| DRUJ Dislocations. | 1558 | ||
| Chronic Injuries | 1558 | ||
| Malunions of the Distal Radius | 1558 | ||
| Ulnocarpal Abutment Syndrome | 1559 | ||
| Arthritis of the DRUJ | 1559 | ||
| Darrach Procedure/Distal Ulna Resection. | 1559 | ||
| Distal Radioulnar Fusion With Proximal Pseudarthrosis (Sauvé–Kapandji). | 1559 | ||
| Hemiresection Interposition Arthroplasty. | 1560 | ||
| DRUJ Instability | 1560 | ||
| Forearm Rotation Contracture | 1560 | ||
| Tendinopathies of the Ulnar Wrist | 1560 | ||
| References | 1561 | ||
| References | 1562 | ||
| CHAPTER 72 Ulnar Wrist Pain and Impairment: | 1565 | ||
| Ulnar Wrist Pain and Impairment: The TFCC and Distal Forearm | 1565 | ||
| TFCC and DRUJ | 1566 | ||
| TFCC Articular Disk Tears | 1567 | ||
| Ulnocarpal Abutment | 1568 | ||
| TFCC Radioulnar Ligament Tears | 1568 | ||
| Classification of TFCC Injuries | 1568 | ||
| TFCC Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Sheath | 1568 | ||
| TFCC Affiliates | 1569 | ||
| Midcarpal Instability | 1569 | ||
| Pisotriquetral Joint | 1569 | ||
| Interosseous Membrane | 1569 | ||
| An Algorithmic Approach to the Management of Ulnar Wrist Pain and Impairment | 1569 | ||
| Tenets of the Evaluation | 1570 | ||
| History and Mechanism of Injury | 1570 | ||
| Physical Examination with Provocative Maneuvers | 1570 | ||
| Physical Examination and Provocative Maneuver Considerations | 1570 | ||
| Algorithm | 1570 | ||
| Fractures | 1570 | ||
| Degenerative | 1572 | ||
| Instability | 1574 | ||
| Tendinitis | 1574 | ||
| Articular Disk (TFC) Tear | 1575 | ||
| Ulnar Nerve Compression | 1575 | ||
| TFCC Postoperative Considerations | 1576 | ||
| What Should Be Expected Clinically | 1576 | ||
| Considerations for Ulnar Shortening | 1577 | ||
| Other Important Treatment Principles | 1577 | ||
| Summary | 1578 | ||
| References | 1578 | ||
| References | 1579 | ||
| CHAPTER 73 Management of Carpal Fractures and Dislocations | 1581 | ||
| Carpal Bone Fractures | 1581 | ||
| Fractures of the Scaphoid | 1581 | ||
| Preiser’s Disease. | 1583 | ||
| Treatment of Scaphoid Fractures | 1583 | ||
| Scaphoid Nonunions | 1583 | ||
| Fractures of the Capitate | 1585 | ||
| Fractures of the Hamate | 1585 | ||
| Fractures of the Lunate | 1585 | ||
| Fractures of the Triquetrum | 1586 | ||
| Fractures of the Pisiform | 1586 | ||
| Fractures of the Trapezium | 1586 | ||
| Fractures of the Trapezoid | 1586 | ||
| Carpal Fracture-Dislocations | 1586 | ||
| Functional Anatomy and Kinematics | 1586 | ||
| Radiographic Diagnosis | 1588 | ||
| SL Ligamentous Injury | 1588 | ||
| Dorsal Perilunate Dislocations | 1588 | ||
| Trans-scaphoid Perilunate Dislocation | 1590 | ||
| Transradial Styloid Perilunate Dislocation | 1590 | ||
| Scaphocapitate Syndrome | 1590 | ||
| Lunate Dislocation | 1590 | ||
| Rehabilitation of Carpal Fractures and Dislocations | 1591 | ||
| Acute Care | 1591 | ||
| Edema Control and Patient Education | 1591 | ||
| Dynamic Orthotic Positioning for Digital Mobilization | 1591 | ||
| Possible Complications after Wrist Injury | 1591 | ||
| Postacute Care | 1592 | ||
| Early Active ROM | 1592 | ||
| Postimmobilization Treatment of Stiffness | 1592 | ||
| Treatment of Severe Stiffness | 1592 | ||
| Dynamic and Static Progressive Orthotic Application | 1592 | ||
| Static Orthotic Positioning | 1593 | ||
| Strengthening | 1593 | ||
| Summary | 1594 | ||
| References | 1594 | ||
| References | 1595 | ||
| CHAPTER 74 Carpal Instability | 1597 | ||
| Classification | 1598 | ||
| Chronicity | 1598 | ||
| Severity | 1598 | ||
| Etiology | 1599 | ||
| Location | 1599 | ||
| Direction | 1599 | ||
| Pattern | 1599 | ||
| Scapholunate Dissociation | 1599 | ||
| Pathomechanics of SLD | 1599 | ||
| Clinical Examination | 1600 | ||
| Radiographic Examination | 1601 | ||
| Treatment of SLD | 1601 | ||
| Stage 1 (Partial SL Ligament Injury) | 1601 | ||
| Percutaneous K-Wire Fixation of the SL Joint | 1602 | ||
| Proprioception Reeducation of the FCR Muscle | 1602 | ||
| Stage 2 (Complete SL Ligament Injury, Repairable) | 1602 | ||
| Open Reduction, Internal Fixation, and Repair of the Dorsal SL Ligament | 1602 | ||
| Stage 3 (Complete SL Ligament Injury, Nonrepairable, Normally Aligned Scaphoid) | 1603 | ||
| Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Dorsal SL Ligament | 1603 | ||
| Bone–Ligament–Bone Grafts | 1603 | ||
| Stage 4 (Complete SL Ligament Injury, Nonrepairable, Reducible Rotary Subluxation of the Scaphoid) | 1603 | ||
| Tendon Reconstruction of the Scaphoid Stabilizers | 1603 | ||
| Reduction Association of the SL Joint (RASL Procedure) | 1603 | ||
| Stage 5 (Complete SL Ligament Injury with Irreducible Malalignment but Normal Cartilage) | 1604 | ||
| Stage 6 (Complete SL Ligament Injury with Irreducible Malalignment and Cartilage Degeneration) | 1604 | ||
| Lunotriquetral Dissociation | 1604 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1604 | ||
| Treatment | 1605 | ||
| Palmar MC Instability | 1606 | ||
| Summary | 1606 | ||
| References | 1607 | ||
| References | 1608 | ||
| CHAPTER 75 Rehabilitation for Carpal Ligament Injury and Instability* | 1610 | ||
| Current Practice | 1611 | ||
| Emerging Concepts and Strategies | 1611 | ||
| Dart Thrower’s Motion | 1611 | ||
| Wrist Ligament Mechanoreceptors and Ligamentomuscular Reflexes | 1612 | ||
| Proprioception Reeducation | 1613 | ||
| Muscle Loading and Carpal Alignment | 1613 | ||
| Wrist Evaluation Procedures | 1613 | ||
| History | 1614 | ||
| Inspection/Observation | 1614 | ||
| Measurements | 1614 | ||
| Selected Conditions and Guidelines for Rehabilitation | 1615 | ||
| Scapholunate Dissociation | 1615 | ||
| Nonoperative Management | 1615 | ||
| Postoperative Therapy | 1616 | ||
| Lunotriquetral Instability | 1617 | ||
| Nonoperative Management | 1617 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1617 | ||
| Midcarpal Instability | 1618 | ||
| Nonoperative Management | 1618 | ||
| Postoperative Rehabilitation | 1619 | ||
| Conclusion | 1620 | ||
| References | 1620 | ||
| References | 1621 | ||
| CHAPTER 76 Wrist Reconstruction: | 1623 | ||
| Functional Wrist Motion | 1624 | ||
| Therapy Implications | 1624 | ||
| Intercarpal Arthrodesis | 1624 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1624 | ||
| Weeks 0 to 4 | 1624 | ||
| Weeks 4 to 6 | 1624 | ||
| Weeks 6 to 8 | 1625 | ||
| Weeks 8 to 12 | 1625 | ||
| Outcomes Data | 1625 | ||
| Scaphotrapezial Trapezoidal Arthrodesis | 1625 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1625 | ||
| Weeks 0 to 4 | 1625 | ||
| Weeks 4 to 6 | 1626 | ||
| Weeks 6 to 8 | 1626 | ||
| Outcomes Data | 1626 | ||
| Four-Bone Arthrodesis | 1626 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1628 | ||
| Protective Phase | 1628 | ||
| ROM Phase | 1628 | ||
| Strengthening Phase | 1628 | ||
| Outcomes Data | 1628 | ||
| Proximal-Row Carpectomy | 1628 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1630 | ||
| Weeks 0 to 4 | 1630 | ||
| Weeks 4 to 6 | 1630 | ||
| Weeks 6 to 8 | 1630 | ||
| Months 4 to 6 | 1630 | ||
| Outcomes Data | 1631 | ||
| Replacement Arthroplasty | 1631 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1631 | ||
| Weeks 1 to 2 | 1631 | ||
| Weeks 2 to 6 | 1631 | ||
| Weeks 6 to 8 | 1631 | ||
| Weeks 8 to 12 | 1631 | ||
| Outcomes Data | 1632 | ||
| Total Wrist Arthrodesis | 1632 | ||
| Preoperative Management | 1632 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1632 | ||
| Weeks 0 to 4 | 1632 | ||
| Weeks 4 to 6 | 1633 | ||
| Weeks 6 to 8 | 1633 | ||
| Weeks 8 to 12 | 1633 | ||
| Outcomes Data | 1633 | ||
| Alternative Immobilization of the Wrist | 1633 | ||
| When a Wrist Is Stiff | 1634 | ||
| Summary | 1634 | ||
| References | 1634 | ||
| References | 1635 | ||
| CHAPTER 77 Wrist Arthroscopy | 1637 | ||
| Diagnostic Arthroscopy | 1637 | ||
| Role of Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Triangular Fibrocartilage Lesions | 1639 | ||
| Indications for Arthroscopic Treatment | 1639 | ||
| Arthroscopic Treatment of Class I-A Lesions | 1640 | ||
| Arthroscopic Treatment of Class I-B Lesions | 1640 | ||
| Arthroscopic Treatment of Class I-C Lesions | 1640 | ||
| Authors’ Preferred Method | 1641 | ||
| Arthroscopic Treatment of Class I-D Lesions | 1641 | ||
| Type II: Degenerative Triangular Fibrocartilage Lesions | 1642 | ||
| Treatment | 1643 | ||
| Type II: D and E | 1644 | ||
| Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Wrist Ligament Injuries | 1644 | ||
| Scapholunate Lesions | 1644 | ||
| Lesions of the Lunatotriquetral Intrinsic Ligament | 1645 | ||
| Degenerative Lunatotriquetral Tears | 1646 | ||
| Role of Arthroscopy in the Treatment of the Distal Radial Fracture | 1646 | ||
| Indications | 1646 | ||
| Assessment and Treatment of Associated Soft Tissue Injuries | 1646 | ||
| e9780323056021v3 | 2917 | ||
| Front cover | 2917 | ||
| 1 Atlas on Regional Anatomy of the Neck, Axilla, and Upper Extremity* | 2918 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 1 | 2918 | ||
| General Considerations | 2918 | ||
| Topography (Fig. 1) | 2918 | ||
| The Anterior Triangle | 2918 | ||
| The Posterior Triangle | 2918 | ||
| Surface Markings (see Fig. 1) | 2918 | ||
| 1. Thyroid Cartilage | 2918 | ||
| 2. Hyoid Bone | 2918 | ||
| 3. Cricoid Cartilage | 2918 | ||
| Skin of the Neck | 2919 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 2) | 2919 | ||
| 1. External Jugular Vein | 2919 | ||
| 2. Anterior Jugular Vein | 2919 | ||
| 3. Vein of Kocher | 2919 | ||
| 4. Superficial Cervical Plexus | 2919 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 2 | 2919 | ||
| Carotid Arterial System (Fig. 1) | 2919 | ||
| 1. Common Carotid | 2919 | ||
| 2. Internal Carotid | 2919 | ||
| 3. External Carotid | 2919 | ||
| Related Structures (see Fig. 1) | 2919 | ||
| 1. Internal Jugular Vein | 2919 | ||
| 2. Vagus Nerve | 2920 | ||
| 3. Spinal Accessory Nerve | 2920 | ||
| 4. Hypoglossal Nerve | 2920 | ||
| 5. Cervical Sympathetic Trunk | 2920 | ||
| Cervical Plexus (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2920 | ||
| 1. Ansa Hypoglossi | 2920 | ||
| 2. Phrenic Nerve | 2920 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 3 | 2920 | ||
| The Posterior Triangle | 2920 | ||
| Boundaries and Muscular Contents (Fig. 1) | 2920 | ||
| 1. Anterior Scalene | 2920 | ||
| 2. Middle Scalene | 2920 | ||
| 3. Posterior Scalene | 2920 | ||
| 4. Levator Scapulae | 2920 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (see Fig. 2, Plate 1) | 2920 | ||
| Deep Fascia (see Fig. 1) | 2920 | ||
| Brachial Plexus (Fig. 2) | 2920 | ||
| 1. Anterior Primary Divisions | 2920 | ||
| 2. Trunks | 2920 | ||
| 3. Secondary Divisions | 2921 | ||
| 4. Cords | 2921 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 4 | 2921 | ||
| Anterior Scalene Muscle (Fig. 1) | 2921 | ||
| Related Structures (see Fig. 1) | 2921 | ||
| 1. Subclavian Vein | 2921 | ||
| 2. Subclavian Artery | 2921 | ||
| 3. Brachial Plexus | 2921 | ||
| 4. Phrenic Nerve | 2921 | ||
| 5. Spinal Accessory Nerve | 2921 | ||
| The Neck—Plate 5 | 2921 | ||
| Cervical Rib (Fig. 1) | 2921 | ||
| Scalene Anticus Syndrome (see Fig. 1) | 2922 | ||
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | 2922 | ||
| The Breast and Axilla—Plate 6 | 2922 | ||
| The Axilla | 2922 | ||
| Boundaries (Fig. 1) | 2922 | ||
| 1. Apex | 2922 | ||
| 2. Base | 2922 | ||
| 3. Anterior Wall | 2922 | ||
| 4. Posterior Wall | 2922 | ||
| 5. Lateral Wall | 2922 | ||
| 6. Medial Wall | 2922 | ||
| Deep Fascia (Fig. 2) | 2922 | ||
| 1. Pectoral Fascia | 2922 | ||
| 2. Clavipectoral Fascia | 2922 | ||
| 3. Axillary Sheath | 2922 | ||
| Axillary Vein (Fig. 3). | 2922 | ||
| 1. Cephalic Vein | 2923 | ||
| 2. Thoracoepigastric Vein | 2923 | ||
| The Breast and Axilla—Plate 7 | 2923 | ||
| Axillary Artery (Figs. 1 and 2) | 2923 | ||
| 1. First Portion | 2923 | ||
| 2. Second Portion | 2923 | ||
| 3. Third Portion | 2923 | ||
| Brachial Plexus (see Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 2, Plate 3) | 2923 | ||
| 1. Anterolateral Cord | 2923 | ||
| 2. Anteromedial Cord | 2923 | ||
| 3. Posterior Cord (see Fig. 2) | 2923 | ||
| Long Thoracic Nerve (see Fig. 1) | 2923 | ||
| Axillary Lymph Nodes (Fig. 3) | 2924 | ||
| 1. Posterior (Subscapular) | 2924 | ||
| 2. Lateral (Brachial) | 2924 | ||
| 3. Anterior (Anterior Pectoralis) | 2924 | ||
| 4. Medial (Posterior Pectoral) | 2924 | ||
| 5. Central | 2924 | ||
| 6. Apical (Infraclavicular) | 2924 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 8 | 2924 | ||
| The Brachium (Anterior Compartment) | 2924 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 1) | 2924 | ||
| Deep Fascia (Fig. 2) | 2924 | ||
| Muscular Contents (Figs. 3 through 5) | 2924 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscles | 2924 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles | 2924 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle (see Fig. 5) | 2924 | ||
| 1. Musculocutaneous Nerve | 2924 | ||
| 2. Median Nerve | 2925 | ||
| 3. Ulnar Nerve | 2925 | ||
| 4. Brachial Artery | 2925 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 9 | 2925 | ||
| The Brachium (Posterior Compartment) | 2925 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 1) | 2925 | ||
| Deep Fascia | 2925 | ||
| Muscular Contents (Figs. 1 and 2) | 2925 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscles | 2925 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles. | 2925 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle (see Fig. 2) | 2925 | ||
| 1. Deep Brachial Artery | 2925 | ||
| 2. Radial Nerve | 2926 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 10 | 2926 | ||
| Muscle Attachments to the Humerus | 2926 | ||
| 1. Supraspinatus | 2926 | ||
| 2. Subscapularis | 2926 | ||
| 3. Pectoralis Major | 2926 | ||
| 4. Latissimus Dorsi | 2926 | ||
| 5. Teres Major | 2926 | ||
| 6. Deltoid | 2926 | ||
| 7. Coracobrachialis | 2926 | ||
| 8. Biceps Brachii | 2926 | ||
| 9. Brachialis (see Fig. 4, Plate 8) | 2926 | ||
| 10. Infraspinatus and Teres Minor (See Fig. 2, Plate 9) | 2926 | ||
| Fractures of the Upper End of the Humerus | 2926 | ||
| 1. Fractures at the Anatomic Neck | 2926 | ||
| 2. Fractures of the Tubercles | 2926 | ||
| 3. Fracture at the Surgical Neck (Fig. 2) | 2926 | ||
| 4. Separation of the Upper Epiphysis | 2926 | ||
| Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus | 2926 | ||
| 1. Fracture of the Shaft above the Deltoid Insertion (Fig. 3) | 2927 | ||
| 2. Fracture of the Shaft below the Deltoid Insertion (Fig. 4) | 2927 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 11 | 2927 | ||
| Fractures of the Lower End of the Humerus | 2927 | ||
| Displacement in Supracondylar Fractures | 2927 | ||
| Principles of Reduction in Supracondylar Fractures | 2927 | ||
| Neurovascular Complications in Supracondylar Fractures | 2927 | ||
| Surgical Exposure of the Humerus | 2927 | ||
| Anterior Approach | 2927 | ||
| Posterior Approach | 2927 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 12 | 2927 | ||
| The Antebrachium (Anterior Compartment) | 2927 | ||
| Deep Fascia | 2927 | ||
| Muscular Contents | 2927 | ||
| 1. First Layer | 2928 | ||
| 2. Second Layer | 2928 | ||
| 3. Third Layer | 2928 | ||
| 4. Fourth Layer | 2928 | ||
| Blood Supply (see Figs. 2, 3, and 4) | 2928 | ||
| 1. Radial Artery | 2928 | ||
| 2. Ulnar Artery | 2928 | ||
| Nerve Supply (see Figs. 2 and 3) | 2928 | ||
| 1. Median Nerve | 2928 | ||
| 2. Ulnar Nerve | 2928 | ||
| 3. Radial Nerve | 2928 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 13 | 2928 | ||
| The Antebrachium (Posterior Compartment) | 2928 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (see Fig. 1, Plate 9) | 2928 | ||
| Deep Fascia (Fig. 1) | 2928 | ||
| Muscular Contents | 2929 | ||
| 1. Superficial Layer (see Fig. 1)— | 2929 | ||
| 2. Deep Layer (Fig. 2) | 2929 | ||
| Anconeus | 2929 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle (see Fig. 2) | 2929 | ||
| 1. Dorsal Interosseous Artery | 2929 | ||
| 2. Dorsal Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial) | 2929 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 14 | 2929 | ||
| Clinical Considerations of the Forearm (Antebrachium) | 2929 | ||
| Fractures of the Bones of the Forearm | 2929 | ||
| 1. Isolated Fractures of the Ulna | 2930 | ||
| 2. Fractures of the Shaft of the Radius | 2930 | ||
| Surgical Approach to the Long Bones of the Forearm | 2930 | ||
| 1. Ulna | 2930 | ||
| 2. Radius | 2930 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 15 | 2930 | ||
| The Hand (Palmar or Volar Surface) | 2930 | ||
| Superficial Fascia (Fig. 2) | 2930 | ||
| Deep (Palmar) Fascia (see Fig. 2) | 2930 | ||
| Middle Compartment | 2930 | ||
| 1. Superficial Neurovascular Structures (Fig. 3)— | 2930 | ||
| 2. Superficial Musculotendinous Structures (Fig. 3) | 2931 | ||
| 3. Fascial Spaces | 2931 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 16 | 2931 | ||
| 4. Deep Muscular Structures (Figs. 1 and 2) | 2931 | ||
| 5. Deep Neurovascular Structures (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2931 | ||
| Thenar Compartment (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2931 | ||
| 1. Musculotendinous Contents | 2931 | ||
| 2. Neurovascular Contents | 2932 | ||
| Hypothenar Compartment (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2932 | ||
| 1. Muscular Contents | 2932 | ||
| 2. Neurovascular Structures | 2932 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 17 | 2932 | ||
| The Hand (Dorsal Surface) and Wrist | 2932 | ||
| Skin | 2932 | ||
| Superficial Fascia | 2932 | ||
| Extensor Tendons (Fig. 3) | 2932 | ||
| Dorsal Subaponeurotic Space (see Fig. 2, Plate 18) | 2932 | ||
| Dorsal Interosseous Muscles (see Fig. 3) | 2932 | ||
| Dorsal Metacarpal Arteries (see Fig. 3) | 2933 | ||
| Extensor Assembly | 2933 | ||
| Volar Aspect of the Wrist (Fig. 5) | 2933 | ||
| Transverse Carpal Ligament | 2933 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 18 | 2933 | ||
| The Anatomy of Hand Infections | 2933 | ||
| Mucous (Synovial) Tendon Sheaths (Figs. 1 and 3) | 2933 | ||
| 1. Proper Digital Mucous Tendon Sheaths | 2933 | ||
| 2. Radial Bursa | 2933 | ||
| 3. Ulnar Bursa | 2933 | ||
| Palmar Fascial Spaces | 2933 | ||
| 1. Thenar Space (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2933 | ||
| 2. Midpalmar Space (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2933 | ||
| 3. Adductor Space (Figs. 2 and 4) | 2934 | ||
| Other Fascial Spaces | 2934 | ||
| Surgical Incisions (see Fig. 3) | 2934 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 19 | 2934 | ||
| Major Joints of the Upper Extremity | 2934 | ||
| Shoulder Joint | 2934 | ||
| 1. Bony Parts (Figs. 1 and 2) | 2934 | ||
| 2. Articular Capsule (Figs. 1 to 5) | 2934 | ||
| 3. Synovial Membrane (Fig. 6) | 2934 | ||
| 4. Musculotendinous Relations (see Figs. 3 to 5) | 2934 | ||
| 5. Other Relations | 2935 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 20 | 2935 | ||
| Clinical Considerations of the Shoulder Joint | 2935 | ||
| The Rotator Cuff | 2935 | ||
| Surgical Approaches to the Shoulder | 2935 | ||
| Anterior Approach (Figs. 1, 2, and 3) | 2935 | ||
| Posterior Approach | 2935 | ||
| Shoulder Dislocations | 2935 | ||
| Dislocating Forces | 2935 | ||
| Types of Dislocation | 2935 | ||
| Injuries to Associated Structures | 2936 | ||
| 1. To Musculotendinous Structures of the Rotator Cuff | 2936 | ||
| 2. To Capsule | 2936 | ||
| 3. To Bone | 2936 | ||
| 4. To Nerves | 2936 | ||
| 5. To Vessels | 2936 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 21 | 2936 | ||
| Elbow Joint | 2936 | ||
| 1. Bony Parts (Figs. 1 and 2) | 2936 | ||
| 2. Articular Capsule (see Figs. 1 and 2) | 2936 | ||
| 3. Synovial Membrane (Fig. 5) | 2936 | ||
| Wrist Joint | 2936 | ||
| 1. Bony Parts (Figs. 6 and 7) | 2936 | ||
| 2. Articular Capsule (see Figs. 6 and 7) | 2936 | ||
| 3. Synovial Membranes (Fig. 10) | 2937 | ||
| The Upper Extremity—Plate 22 | 2937 | ||
| Clinical Considerations of the Elbow and Wrist | 2937 | ||
| 1. Relation of the Ulnar Nerve to the Medial Epicondyle (Fig. 1) | 2937 | ||
| 2. Relation of Radial Nerve to the Lateral Epicondyle and to the Supinator Muscle (Fig. 2) | 2937 | ||
| 3. Anterolateral Approach to the Elbow | 2937 | ||
| 4. Exposure of Ulnar Nerve in Region of the Elbow Joint through a Posterior-Medial Incision (see Fig. 1) | 2937 | ||
| 5. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or Median Neuritis at the Wrist (Fig. 4) | 2937 | ||
| 6. Fracture of the Navicular (Fig. 5) | 2937 | ||
| 7. Dislocation of the Lunate (Fig. 6) | 2938 | ||
| 13 Sensibility Testing with the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments | 2962 | ||
| Myths and Truths | 2962 | ||
| Simplicity | 2962 | ||
| Application | 2962 | ||
| Sensitivity | 2963 | ||
| Instrument Reliability | 2963 | ||
| Validity | 2963 | ||
| Normative Studies | 2963 | ||
| Calibration | 2963 | ||
| Test Selection | 2964 | ||
| Computerized Instruments | 2964 | ||
| Comparison Trials | 2965 | ||
| End-Organ Specificity | 2965 | ||
| Force versus Pressure | 2966 | ||
| Full Spectrum | 2966 | ||
| Instrument Specifications | 2966 | ||
| Cost | 2966 | ||
| Nerve Conduction Velocity | 2966 | ||
| Advantages of Monofilament Testing | 2967 | ||
| Current Semmes-Weinstein Design | 2967 | ||
| Interpretation Scale | 2968 | ||
| Detection Threshold | 2971 | ||
| Patient Testing Technique | 2972 | ||
| Procedure for Mapping | 2973 | ||
| Hand Screen | 2974 | ||
| Interpretation and Relationship to Function | 2974 | ||
| Future Considerations | 2977 | ||
| Summary | 2977 | ||
| References | 2978 | ||
| 14 Sensibility Assessment for Nerve Lesions-In-Continuity and Nerve Lacerations | 2982 | ||
| Prerequisites for Assessment | 2982 | ||
| Prerequisite: Knowledge of Nerve Pathways and Cutaneous Supply | 2982 | ||
| Roots of the Brachial Plexus | 2982 | ||
| Trunks | 2983 | ||
| Divisions | 2983 | ||
| Cords | 2984 | ||
| Nerves | 2984 | ||
| Prerequisite: Knowledge of the Effects of Nerve Injury | 2985 | ||
| Pathomechanics and Degrees of Injury | 2985 | ||
| Patterns of Sensibility Loss and Recovery | 2985 | ||
| Nerve Lesions in Continuity | 2986 | ||
| Pattern of Loss as Detected by Conventional Test Instruments.* | 2986 | ||
| Pattern of Loss as Detected by the Pressure-Specified- Sensory-Device. | 2988 | ||
| Intermittent Symptoms. | 2989 |