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Clinical Ocular Toxicology E-Book

Clinical Ocular Toxicology E-Book

Frederick T. Fraunfelder | Frederick W. Fraunfelder | Wiley A. Chambers

(2008)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Written by international authorities in ocular toxicology, including the Founder of The National Registry of Drug-Induced Side Effects and its current Director, this essential resource provides the clinically relevant information you need to effectively diagnose and manage herbal, chemical, and drug-related ocular problems. Comprehensive coverage of all drugs’ generic and trade drug names, primary uses, ocular and systemic side effects, and clinical significance make this book - like its best-selling predecessor, Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects - the ideal reference for quick, on-the-spot consultation.

  • Leaders in the field provide need-to-know information on all aspects of ocular toxicology—all in one concise reference.
  • Data from the National Registry of Drug Induced Ocular Side-Effects (Casey Eye Institute, Portland, OR) and the World Health Organization (Uppsala, Sweden) help you recognize and avoid drug-induced ocular side effects.
  • A highly templated format makes retrieval of essential knowledge quick and easy.
  • A wealth of full-color photographs provide vivid, visual diagnostic guidance.
  • The latest information on approved medications helps you stay up to date and provide state-of-the-art care.
  • Extensive coverage of principles of therapy, ocular drug delivery, methods to evaluate drug-induced visual side effects, and the role of electrophysiology and psychophysics gives you the knowledge you need to manage any challenge in ocular toxicology
  • Authoritative guidance on ocular drugs and their use in pregnancy helps you safely manage the unique needs of these patients.
  • The inclusion of the WHO classification system helps you determine whether a particular side effect is certain, probable, or likely to occur.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Clinical Ocular Toxicology iii
Copyright Page iv
Contents v
Preface vii
Contributors viii
Dedication ix
Instructions to Users x
PART 1: Principles of therapy 1
PHARMACODYNAMICS 1
PHARMACOKINETICS 3
PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES 4
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 6
PART 2: Ocular drug delivery and toxicology 9
TOPICAL OCULAR ADMINISTRATION 9
BASIC PHARMOCOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF TOPICAL MEDICATIONS 9
INTRAOCULAR DISTRIBUTION 10
PRESERVATIVES 10
VEHICLES FOR TOPICAL OCULAR MEDICATION DELIVERY 10
TOXICITY RESPONCES 11
HOW TO APPLY TOPICAL OCULAR MEDICATION 12
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 13
PART 3: Methods for evaluating drug-induced visual side effects 15
RISK 15
SELECTING DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 15
ORDER OF TESTING 16
TIMING OF TESTING 16
FUNCTIONAL TESTS 16
OBJECTIVE ANATOMICAL METHODS 18
NUMBER OF PATIENTS TO TEST 19
SUMMARY 19
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 19
PART 4: The role of electrophysiology and psychophysics in ocular toxicology 21
INTRODUCTION 21
THE VISUAL SYSTEM 21
THE ROLE OF NON-INVASIVE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY IN DRUG TESTING 26
VISUAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 31
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS 32
ENSURING QUALITY 34
CONCLUSION 36
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 36
PART 5: National registry of drug-induced ocular side effects 39
RATIONALE 39
OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL REGISTRY 39
HOW TO REPORT A SUSPECTED REACTION 39
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 40
PART 6: Herbal medicines and dietary supplements– an overview 41
REGULATORY ISSUES AND CLASSIFICATION 41
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 43
PART 7: Drug-induced ocular side effects 45
SECTION 1: ANTI-INFECTIVES 45
CLASS: AIDS-RELATED AGENTS 45
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 45
SECTION 2: AGENTS AFFECTING THE CNS 85
CLASS: ANALEPTICS 85
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 86
SECTION 3: ANALGESICS, NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS AND AGENTS USED TO TREAT ARTHRITIS 111
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT GOUT 111
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 112
SECTION 4: AGENTS USED IN ANESTHESIA 128
CLASS: ADJUNCTS TO ANESTHESIA 128
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 129
SECTION 5: GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS 138
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT ACID PEPTIC DISORDERS 138
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 139
SECTION 6: CARDIAC, VASCULAR AND RENAL AGENTS 146
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT MIGRAINE 146
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 146
SECTION 7: HORMONES AND AGENTS AFFECTING HORMONAL MECHANISMS 169
CLASS: ADRENAL CORTICOSTEROIDS 169
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 172
SECTION 8: AGENTS AFFECTING BLOOD FORMATION AND COAGULABILITY 181
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS 181
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 181
SECTION 9: HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS 188
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT HYPERGLYCEMIA 188
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 189
SECTION 10: AGENTS USED TO TREAT ALLERGIC AND NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS 192
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 192
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 192
SECTION 11: ONCOLYTIC AGENTS 199
CLASS: ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS 199
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 200
SECTION 12: HEAVY METAL ANTAGONIST AND MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS 223
CLASS: AGENTS TO TREAT ALCOHOLISM 223
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 223
SECTION 13: DRUGS USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 245
CLASS: AGENTS USED TO TREAT AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION 245
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 246
PART 8: Chemical-induced ocular side effects 289
CLASS: ACIDS 289
CLASS: AEROSOLS 290
CLASS: ALCOHOLS 291
CLASS: ALKALI 295
CLASS: BLEACHES 298
CLASS: DETERGENTS 300
CLASS: GLUES 301
CLASS: HERBICIDES AND INSECTICIDES 302
CLASS: HYDROCARBONS 304
CLASS: MISCELLANEOUS 305
PART 9: Herbal medicine and dietary supplement induced ocular side effects 307
REFERENCE AND FURTHER READING 307
Index of Side Effects 315
Subject index 359