Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Using a uniquely collaborative and reader-friendly approach, expert authors Donna D. Ignatavicius and M. Linda Workman cover all the latest trends, evidence-based treatment guidelines, and additional updated information needed for safe clinical practice in medical-surgical nursing. This seventh edition features an expanded emphasis on patient safety and NCLEX® Examination preparation, new ties to the QSEN priorities for patient safety, and a greater alignment with the language and focus of clinical practice. A new chapter on evidence-based practice and a wealth of effective online learning tools help solidify your mastery of medical-surgical nursing.
- UNIQUE! Collaborative approach presents all medical, surgical, nursing, and other interventions through the lens of the nursing process.
- Reader-friendly, direct writing style makes this one of the most readable medical-surgical nursing textbooks available.
- UNIQUE! Cutting-edge focus on the latest trends in nursing practice and nursing education prepares you for both today and tomorrow’s nursing practice.
- UNIQUE! Integrated tools for NCLEX preparation get you ready for your licensure examination.
- Chapter-opening Learning Outcomes are linked to Self-Assessment Questions for the NCLEX Examination on the Evolve website.
- Unique chapter-ending Get Ready for the NCLEX Examination! sections include Key Points organized by NCLEX Client Needs Categories.
- UNIQUE! Focus on nursing concepts helps bridge the gap between the concepts learned in Nursing Fundamentals, and disorders content learned in the medical-surgical nursing course.
- UNIQUE! Emphasis on clinical decision-making teaches you to apply concepts to true-to-life clinical situations.
- UNIQUE! Concentration on the core body of knowledge for the RN level of medical-surgical nursing practice focuses your attention on "need-to-know" content to pass the NCLEX Examination and practice safely as a beginning nurse.
- Rich array of effective learning aids includes:
- Best Practice for Patient Safety & Quality Care
- Best Practice for Emergency Care
- Patient and Family Education: Preparing for Self-ManagementÂ
- Nursing Focus on the Older Adult
- Home Care Assessment
- Focused Assessment
- Common Examples of Drug Therapy
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Concept Maps
- Laboratory Profiles
- Assessment Using Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ifc1 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient-Centered Collaborative, 7/e | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Consultants and Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | viii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Key Themes for the 7th Edition | ix | ||
| Clinical Currency and Accuracy | x | ||
| Outstanding Readability | x | ||
| Ease of Access | x | ||
| A Patient-Centered Collaborative Care Approach | x | ||
| Organization | xi | ||
| Multinational, Multicultural, Multigenerational Focus | xi | ||
| Additional Learning Aids | xii | ||
| An Integrated Multimedia Resource Based on Proven Strategies for Student Engagement and Learning | xii | ||
| Resources for Instructors | xii | ||
| Resources for Students | xiii | ||
| Dedication | xiv | ||
| About The Authors | xv | ||
| Acknowledgments | xvi | ||
| Table of Contents | xvii | ||
| Guide to Special Features | xxviii | ||
| Assessment Using Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns | xxviii | ||
| Best Practice for Patient Safety & Quality Care | xxviii | ||
| Common Examples of Drug Therapy | xxix | ||
| Concept Map | xxix | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | xxix | ||
| Focused Assessment | xxx | ||
| Home Care Assessment | xxx | ||
| Key Features | xxx | ||
| Laboratory Profile | xxxi | ||
| Nursing Focus on the Older Adult | xxxi | ||
| Patient and Family Education: Preparing for Self-Management | xxxi | ||
| Unit I Foundations for Medical-Surgical Nursing | 1 | ||
| 1 Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing | 1 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1 | ||
| National Patient Safety Goals | 2 | ||
| Protecting Five Million Lives from Harm | 2 | ||
| Institute of Medicine/Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Core Competencies | 3 | ||
| Patient-Centered Care | 3 | ||
| Teamwork and Collaboration | 4 | ||
| Communication | 4 | ||
| Delegation and Supervision | 5 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 5 | ||
| Quality Improvement | 5 | ||
| Informatics | 6 | ||
| Safety | 6 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 7 | ||
| Key Points | 7 | ||
| 2 Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Therapies | 8 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 8 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 8 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 8 | ||
| Overview | 8 | ||
| National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 9 | ||
| Cam Categories | 9 | ||
| Natural Products | 9 | ||
| Mind-Body Therapies | 10 | ||
| Imagery | 11 | ||
| Meditation | 11 | ||
| Music Therapy | 11 | ||
| Pet Therapy | 11 | ||
| Yoga | 12 | ||
| Acupressure and Acupuncture | 12 | ||
| Manipulative and Body-Based Therapies | 13 | ||
| Massage | 13 | ||
| Tai Chi | 13 | ||
| Other CAM Therapies | 13 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 14 | ||
| Key Points | 14 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 14 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 14 | ||
| 3 Common Health Problems of Older Adults | 15 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 15 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 15 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 15 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 15 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 15 | ||
| Overview | 15 | ||
| Health Issues for Older Adults in Community-Based Settings | 16 | ||
| Decreased Nutrition and Hydration | 16 | ||
| Decreased Mobility | 17 | ||
| Stress and Loss | 18 | ||
| Accidents | 19 | ||
| Fall Prevention | 19 | ||
| Driving Safety | 19 | ||
| Drug Use and Misuse | 20 | ||
| Effects of Drugs on Older Adults | 20 | ||
| Self-Administration of Drugs | 20 | ||
| Medication Assessment and Health Teaching | 21 | ||
| Mental Health/Behavioral Health Problems | 22 | ||
| Depression | 22 | ||
| Dementia | 23 | ||
| Delirium | 23 | ||
| Alcohol Use and Abuse | 24 | ||
| Elder Neglect and Abuse | 25 | ||
| Health Care Issues for Older Adults in Hospitals and Nursing Homes | 26 | ||
| Sleep, Nutrition, and Incontinence | 26 | ||
| Confusion, Falls, and Skin Breakdown | 26 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 28 | ||
| Key Points | 28 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 28 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 29 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 29 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 29 | ||
| 4 Cultural Aspects of Health and Illness | 30 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 30 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 30 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 30 | ||
| Culture and Cultural Competence | 31 | ||
| Health and Health Care Disparities | 32 | ||
| Purnell’s Domains of Culture | 32 | ||
| Culture Overview and Communication | 32 | ||
| Overview and Localities | 32 | ||
| Homelessness | 32 | ||
| Communication | 33 | ||
| Family and Workplace Issues | 33 | ||
| Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health | 34 | ||
| Quality of LGBT Health Care | 34 | ||
| Biologic Ecology | 35 | ||
| Dwarfism | 35 | ||
| Ethnopharmacology | 35 | ||
| Nutrition | 35 | ||
| Spirituality | 36 | ||
| Health Care Practices and Practitioners | 36 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 37 | ||
| Key Points | 37 | ||
| 5 Pain: | 39 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 39 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 39 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 39 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 39 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 39 | ||
| Overview | 40 | ||
| Definitions of Pain | 40 | ||
| Scope of the Problem | 40 | ||
| Categorizing Pain | 40 | ||
| Acute Pain | 41 | ||
| Chronic Pain | 41 | ||
| Chronic Cancer Pain. | 41 | ||
| Chronic Non-Cancer Pain. | 41 | ||
| Theoretical Bases for Pain | 41 | ||
| Pain Transmission | 41 | ||
| Attitudes and Practices Related to Pain | 43 | ||
| Pain Perception | 44 | ||
| Addiction, Pseudoaddiction, Tolerance, and Physical Dependence | 44 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 46 | ||
| Assessment | 46 | ||
| History | 46 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 46 | ||
| Location of Pain. | 46 | ||
| Intensity and Quality of Pain. | 48 | ||
| Assessing Pain in Cognitively Impaired or Critically Ill Nonverbal Patients. | 48 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 49 | ||
| Interventions | 49 | ||
| Drug Therapy | 49 | ||
| Non-Opioid Analgesics. | 49 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. | 50 | ||
| Acetaminophen. | 51 | ||
| Opioid Analgesics. | 51 | ||
| Examples of Opioid Drugs. | 51 | ||
| Side Effects of Opioids. | 53 | ||
| Common Parenteral Routes of Opioid Administration. | 54 | ||
| Patient-Controlled Analgesia. | 54 | ||
| Epidural Analgesia. | 56 | ||
| Intrathecal Analgesia. | 57 | ||
| Adjuvant Analgesics. | 58 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Interventions | 59 | ||
| Physical Measures. | 59 | ||
| Cognitive-Behavioral Pain Management. | 60 | ||
| Other Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 61 | ||
| Invasive Techniques for Chronic Pain | 61 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 61 | ||
| Home Care Management | 61 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 61 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 62 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 62 | ||
| Key Points | 62 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 62 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 62 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 62 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 62 | ||
| 6 Genetic Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing | 64 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 64 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 64 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 64 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 64 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 64 | ||
| Genetic Biology | 65 | ||
| DNA | 66 | ||
| DNA Structure | 66 | ||
| DNA Replication | 67 | ||
| Chromosomes | 68 | ||
| Gene Structure and Function | 68 | ||
| Phenotype | 70 | ||
| Genotype | 70 | ||
| Gene Expression | 70 | ||
| Protein Synthesis | 70 | ||
| Mutations | 71 | ||
| Point Mutations | 71 | ||
| Frameshift Mutations | 71 | ||
| Patterns of Inheritance | 72 | ||
| Pedigree | 72 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant Pattern of Inheritance | 73 | ||
| Penetrance | 73 | ||
| Expressivity | 73 | ||
| Autosomal Recessive Pattern of Inheritance | 74 | ||
| Sex-Linked Recessive Pattern of Inheritance | 74 | ||
| Complex Inheritance and Familial Clustering | 74 | ||
| Genetic Testing | 74 | ||
| Purpose of Genetic Testing | 74 | ||
| Benefits and Risks of Genetic Testing | 75 | ||
| Genetic Counseling | 75 | ||
| Ethical Issues | 76 | ||
| The Role of the Medical-Surgical Nurse in Genetic Counseling | 77 | ||
| Communication | 77 | ||
| Privacy and Confidentiality | 77 | ||
| Information Accuracy | 77 | ||
| Patient Advocacy and Support | 77 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 78 | ||
| Key Points | 78 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 78 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 78 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 78 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 78 | ||
| 7 Evidence-Based Practice in Medical-Surgical Nursing | 79 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 79 | ||
| Overview | 79 | ||
| Definitions of Evidence-Based Practice | 79 | ||
| Steps of the Evidence-Based Practice Process | 80 | ||
| Asking “Burning” Clinical Questions | 80 | ||
| Qualitative Versus Quantitative Questions. | 80 | ||
| PICO(T) Format. | 80 | ||
| Finding the Best Evidence | 81 | ||
| Critically Appraising and Synthesizing Evidence | 82 | ||
| Making Recommendations to Improve Practice | 83 | ||
| Implementing Recommendations | 83 | ||
| Evaluating Outcomes | 83 | ||
| Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice | 83 | ||
| Iowa Model | 83 | ||
| Reavy and Tavernier Model | 83 | ||
| ARCC Model | 83 | ||
| Evidence-based Practice Improvement (Ebpi) Model | 84 | ||
| Steps of the EBPI Model | 84 | ||
| Application of the EBPI Model to Clinical Practice: A Case Study | 85 | ||
| Describe the Practice Problem | 85 | ||
| Formulate a Focused Clinical Question | 85 | ||
| Search for Evidence | 86 | ||
| Appraise and Synthesize the Evidence | 86 | ||
| Develop the Aim Statement | 86 | ||
| Implement the PDSA Cycles | 86 | ||
| Disseminate Best Practices | 87 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 88 | ||
| Key Points | 88 | ||
| 8 Rehabilitation Concepts for Chronic and Disabling Health Problems | 89 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 89 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 89 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 89 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 89 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 89 | ||
| Overview | 89 | ||
| Concepts Related to Rehabilitation | 90 | ||
| The Rehabilitation Team | 90 | ||
| Patient-centered Collaborative Care | 92 | ||
| Assessment | 92 | ||
| History | 92 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 92 | ||
| Cardiovascular and Respiratory Assessment. | 93 | ||
| Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Assessment. | 93 | ||
| Renal and Urinary Assessment. | 93 | ||
| Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Assessment. | 93 | ||
| Skin Assessment. | 94 | ||
| Functional Assessment | 94 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 94 | ||
| Vocational Assessment | 95 | ||
| Analysis | 95 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 95 | ||
| Improving Physical Mobility | 95 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 95 | ||
| Interventions. | 95 | ||
| Safe Patient Handling Practices. | 95 | ||
| Gait Training. | 97 | ||
| Increasing Functional Mobility | 99 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 99 | ||
| Interventions. | 99 | ||
| Maintaining Skin Integrity | 100 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 100 | ||
| Interventions. | 100 | ||
| Establishing Urinary Continence | 101 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 101 | ||
| Interventions. | 101 | ||
| Post-Void Residual Assessment. | 101 | ||
| Bladder Retraining. | 101 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 102 | ||
| Establishing Bowel Continence | 102 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 102 | ||
| Interventions. | 102 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 104 | ||
| Home Care Management | 104 | ||
| Predischarge Assessment. | 104 | ||
| Leave-of-Absence Visit. | 104 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 104 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 105 | ||
| Evaluation: Outcomes | 105 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 105 | ||
| Key Points | 105 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 105 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 105 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 105 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 105 | ||
| 9 End-of-Life Care | 106 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 106 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 106 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 106 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 106 | ||
| Overview of Death and Dying | 106 | ||
| Perception of Death in the United States | 106 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Dying | 107 | ||
| Incidence of Death | 107 | ||
| Planning for End-of-Life and Advance Directives | 107 | ||
| Ethics and DNR Orders | 107 | ||
| Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care | 108 | ||
| Desired Outcomes for End-of-Life Care | 108 | ||
| Hospice and Palliative Care | 108 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms at End of Life | 110 | ||
| Overview | 110 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 111 | ||
| Assessment | 111 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 111 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 111 | ||
| Interventions | 112 | ||
| Pain Management | 112 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 112 | ||
| Weakness Management | 113 | ||
| Breathlessness/Dyspnea Management | 113 | ||
| Nausea and Vomiting Management | 114 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 114 | ||
| Restlessness and Agitation Management | 115 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 115 | ||
| Seizure Management | 115 | ||
| Management of the Refractory Symptoms of Distress | 115 | ||
| Psychosocial Management | 115 | ||
| Assisting Patients During the Grieving Process. | 115 | ||
| Meeting Spiritual Needs. | 117 | ||
| Assisting with Survivor Bereavement. | 117 | ||
| Postmortem Care | 118 | ||
| Euthanasia | 119 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 119 | ||
| Key Points | 119 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 119 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 120 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 120 | ||
| Unit II Concepts of Emergency Care and Disaster Preparedness | 121 | ||
| 10 Concepts of Emergency and Trauma Nursing | 121 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 121 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 121 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 121 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 121 | ||
| The Emergency Department Environment of Care | 122 | ||
| Demographic Data | 122 | ||
| Special Nursing Teams | 122 | ||
| Interdisciplinary Team Collaboration | 122 | ||
| Prehospital Care Providers | 122 | ||
| Physicians and Other Health Care Providers | 123 | ||
| Support Staff | 123 | ||
| Inpatient Unit Staff | 123 | ||
| Staff and Patient Safety Considerations | 124 | ||
| Staff Safety | 124 | ||
| Patient Safety | 124 | ||
| Scope of Emergency Nursing Practice | 125 | ||
| Core Competencies | 125 | ||
| Training and Certification | 127 | ||
| Emergency Nursing Principles | 127 | ||
| Triage | 127 | ||
| Emergent, Urgent, and Nonurgent Categories | 127 | ||
| Other Multi-Tiered Models | 128 | ||
| Disposition | 128 | ||
| Case Management | 129 | ||
| Patient and Family Education | 129 | ||
| Death in the Emergency Department | 129 | ||
| Trauma Nursing Principles | 130 | ||
| Trauma Centers and Trauma Systems | 130 | ||
| Trauma Centers | 130 | ||
| Trauma Systems | 131 | ||
| Mechanism of Injury | 131 | ||
| Primary Survey and Resuscitation Interventions | 132 | ||
| A: Airway/Cervical Spine | 132 | ||
| B: Breathing | 132 | ||
| C: Circulation | 133 | ||
| D: Disability | 133 | ||
| E: Exposure | 133 | ||
| The Secondary Survey and Resuscitation Interventions | 134 | ||
| Disposition | 134 | ||
| Get Ready for The Nclex® Examination! | 134 | ||
| Key Points | 134 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 134 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 135 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 135 | ||
| 11 Care of Patients with Common Environmental Emergencies | 136 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 136 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 136 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 136 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 136 | ||
| Heat-Related Illnesses | 136 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 137 | ||
| Heat Exhaustion | 137 | ||
| Unit III Management of Patients with Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Imbalances | 165 | ||
| 13 Assessment and Care of Patients with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | 165 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 165 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 165 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 165 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 165 | ||
| Homeostasis | 166 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology Review | 166 | ||
| Physiologic Influences on Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | 166 | ||
| Filtration | 166 | ||
| Physiologic Action | 166 | ||
| Clinical Significance | 166 | ||
| Diffusion | 167 | ||
| Physiologic Action | 167 | ||
| Clinical Significance | 168 | ||
| Osmosis | 168 | ||
| Physiologic Action | 168 | ||
| Clinical Significance | 169 | ||
| Fluid Balance | 169 | ||
| Body Fluids | 169 | ||
| Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Balance | 171 | ||
| Significance of Fluid Balance | 172 | ||
| The Renin-Angiotensin II Pathway | 172 | ||
| Clinical Application | 173 | ||
| Fluid Imbalances | 173 | ||
| Dehydration | 173 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 173 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 174 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 175 | ||
| Assessment | 175 | ||
| History | 175 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 175 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 176 | ||
| Interventions | 176 | ||
| Fluid Overload | 178 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 178 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 178 | ||
| Assessment | 178 | ||
| Interventions | 179 | ||
| Electrolyte Balance and Imbalances | 180 | ||
| Sodium | 180 | ||
| Hyponatremia | 181 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 181 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 181 | ||
| Assessment | 181 | ||
| Interventions | 182 | ||
| Hypernatremia | 182 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 182 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 182 | ||
| Assessment | 182 | ||
| Interventions | 183 | ||
| Potassium | 183 | ||
| Hypokalemia | 183 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 183 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 184 | ||
| Assessment | 184 | ||
| Interventions | 185 | ||
| Hyperkalemia | 186 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 186 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 186 | ||
| Assessment | 186 | ||
| Interventions | 187 | ||
| Calcium | 187 | ||
| Hypocalcemia | 188 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 188 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 189 | ||
| Assessment | 189 | ||
| Interventions | 190 | ||
| Hypercalcemia | 190 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 190 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 190 | ||
| Assessment | 190 | ||
| Interventions | 191 | ||
| Phosphorus | 191 | ||
| Hypophosphatemia | 191 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 191 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 191 | ||
| Assessment | 191 | ||
| Interventions | 192 | ||
| Hyperphosphatemia | 192 | ||
| Magnesium | 192 | ||
| Hypomagnesemia | 193 | ||
| Unit IV Management of Perioperative Patients | 239 | ||
| 16 Care of Preoperative Patients | 239 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 239 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 239 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 239 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 239 | ||
| Overview | 240 | ||
| Categories and Purposes of Surgery | 240 | ||
| Surgical Settings | 240 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 242 | ||
| Assessment | 242 | ||
| History | 242 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 246 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 247 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 247 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 248 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 248 | ||
| Analysis | 248 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 248 | ||
| Providing Information | 248 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 248 | ||
| Interventions. | 250 | ||
| Ensuring Informed Consent. | 250 | ||
| Patient Self-Determination. | 252 | ||
| Implementing Dietary Restrictions. | 252 | ||
| Administering Regularly Scheduled Drugs. | 253 | ||
| Intestinal Preparation. | 253 | ||
| Skin Preparation. | 254 | ||
| Preparing the Patient for Tubes, Drains, and Vascular Access. | 254 | ||
| Postoperative Procedures and Exercises. | 254 | ||
| Procedures and Exercises to Prevent Respiratory Complications. | 256 | ||
| Procedures and Exercises to Prevent Cardiovascular Complications. | 256 | ||
| Minimizing Anxiety | 258 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 258 | ||
| Interventions. | 258 | ||
| Preoperative Chart Review | 259 | ||
| Preoperative Patient Preparation | 259 | ||
| Preoperative Drugs | 260 | ||
| Patient Transfer to the Surgical Suite | 260 | ||
| Evaluation: Outcomes | 260 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 262 | ||
| Key Points | 262 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 262 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 262 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 262 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 262 | ||
| 17 Care of Intraoperative Patients | 263 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 263 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 263 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 263 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 263 | ||
| Overview | 264 | ||
| Members of the Surgical Team | 264 | ||
| Surgeon and Surgical Assistant | 264 | ||
| Anesthesia Providers | 264 | ||
| Perioperative Nursing Staff | 264 | ||
| Preparation of the Surgical Suite and Team Safety | 266 | ||
| Layout | 266 | ||
| Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery | 267 | ||
| Health and Hygiene of the Surgical Team | 267 | ||
| Surgical Attire | 267 | ||
| Surgical Scrub | 270 | ||
| Anesthesia | 270 | ||
| General Anesthesia | 271 | ||
| Stages of General Anesthesia | 271 | ||
| Administration of General Anesthesia | 273 | ||
| Complications from General Anesthesia | 273 | ||
| Local or Regional Anesthesia | 275 | ||
| Local Anesthesia | 275 | ||
| Regional Anesthesia | 275 | ||
| Complications of Local or Regional Anesthesia | 276 | ||
| Moderate Sedation | 276 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 277 | ||
| Assessment | 277 | ||
| History | 277 | ||
| Medical Record Review | 278 | ||
| Advance Directives and Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders. | 278 | ||
| Allergies and Previous Reactions to Anesthesia or Transfusions. | 278 | ||
| Autologous Blood Transfusion. | 278 | ||
| Laboratory and Diagnostic Test Results. | 278 | ||
| Medical History and Physical Examination Findings. | 279 | ||
| Analysis | 279 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 279 | ||
| Preventing Injury | 279 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 279 | ||
| Interventions. | 279 | ||
| Preventing Infection | 281 | ||
| Concept Overview: Protection | 301 | ||
| Concept Overview | 301 | ||
| Protection | 301 | ||
| Unit V Problems of Protection: Management of Patients with Problems of the Immune System | 302 | ||
| 19 Inflammation and the Immune Response | 302 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 302 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 302 | ||
| Overview | 303 | ||
| Self Versus Non-Self | 303 | ||
| Organization of the Immune System | 304 | ||
| Inflammation | 305 | ||
| Infection | 306 | ||
| Cell Types Involved in Inflammation | 306 | ||
| Neutrophils | 306 | ||
| Macrophages | 307 | ||
| Basophils | 307 | ||
| Eosinophils | 307 | ||
| Phagocytosis | 307 | ||
| Sequence of Inflammatory Responses | 308 | ||
| Immunity | 309 | ||
| Antibody-Mediated Immunity | 309 | ||
| Antigen-Antibody Interactions | 309 | ||
| Antibody Classification | 312 | ||
| Acquiring Antibody-Mediated Immunity | 312 | ||
| Cell-Mediated Immunity | 313 | ||
| Cell Types Involved in Cell-Mediated Immunity | 313 | ||
| Cytokines | 314 | ||
| Protection Provided by Cell-Mediated Immunity | 314 | ||
| Transplant Rejection | 314 | ||
| Hyperacute Rejection | 315 | ||
| Acute Rejection | 315 | ||
| Chronic Rejection | 315 | ||
| Management of Transplant Rejection | 315 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 316 | ||
| key Points | 316 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 316 | ||
| 20 Care of Patients with Arthritis and Other Connective Tissue Diseases | 318 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 318 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 318 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 318 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 318 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 318 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 319 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 319 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 319 | ||
| Incidence and Prevalence | 320 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 320 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 320 | ||
| Assessment | 320 | ||
| History | 320 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 320 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 321 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 321 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 321 | ||
| Analysis | 321 | ||
| Planning And Implementation | 321 | ||
| Managing Chronic Pain | 321 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 321 | ||
| Interventions. | 321 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management. | 321 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 322 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Interventions. | 322 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 323 | ||
| Surgical Management. | 323 | ||
| Indications for Total Joint Arthroplasty. | 323 | ||
| Contraindications to Total Joint Arthroplasty. | 323 | ||
| Total Hip Arthroplasty. | 324 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 324 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 324 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 325 | ||
| Preventing Hip Dislocation. | 325 | ||
| Preventing Venous Thromboembolism. | 326 | ||
| Preventing Infection. | 327 | ||
| Assessing for Bleeding and Managing Anemia. | 327 | ||
| Assessing for Neurovascular Compromise. | 327 | ||
| Managing Pain. | 328 | ||
| Promoting Mobility and Activity. | 328 | ||
| Promoting Self-Management. | 328 | ||
| Total Knee Arthroplasty. | 329 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 329 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 329 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 329 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 329 | ||
| Other Joint Arthroplasties. | 330 | ||
| Improving Mobility | 331 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 331 | ||
| Interventions. | 331 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 332 | ||
| Home Care Management | 332 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 332 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 332 | ||
| Evaluation: Outcomes | 333 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 333 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 333 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 333 | ||
| Assessment | 333 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 333 | ||
| Early Disease Manifestations. | 333 | ||
| Late Disease Manifestations. | 334 | ||
| Joint Involvement. | 334 | ||
| Systemic Complications. | 334 | ||
| Associated Syndromes. | 335 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 335 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 335 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 336 | ||
| Interventions | 336 | ||
| Managing Inflammation and Pain | 337 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 337 | ||
| Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. | 337 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. | 337 | ||
| Biological Response Modifiers. | 337 | ||
| Other Drugs. | 340 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Interventions | 341 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | 341 | ||
| Promoting Self-Management | 341 | ||
| Managing Fatigue | 342 | ||
| Enhancing Body Image | 342 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 342 | ||
| Home Care Management | 342 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 343 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 343 | ||
| Lupus Erythematosus | 343 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 343 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 344 | ||
| Assessment | 344 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 344 | ||
| Skin Involvement. | 344 | ||
| Other Manifestations. | 345 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 345 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 345 | ||
| Interventions | 345 | ||
| Managing Lupus with Drug Therapy | 346 | ||
| Protecting the Skin | 346 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 346 | ||
| Systemic Sclerosis | 347 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 347 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 347 | ||
| Assessment | 347 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 347 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 348 | ||
| Interventions | 348 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 349 | ||
| Gout | 349 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 349 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 349 | ||
| Assessment | 349 | ||
| Acute Gout | 349 | ||
| Chronic Gout | 349 | ||
| Interventions | 350 | ||
| Drug Therapy | 350 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 350 | ||
| Other Connective Tissue Diseases | 351 | ||
| Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis | 351 | ||
| Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis | 351 | ||
| Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis | 351 | ||
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | 351 | ||
| Reiter’s Syndrome | 352 | ||
| Marfan Syndrome | 352 | ||
| Infectious Arthritis | 352 | ||
| Lyme Disease | 352 | ||
| Pseudogout | 353 | ||
| Psoriatic Arthritis | 353 | ||
| Other Disease-Associated Arthritis | 353 | ||
| Fibromyalgia Syndrome | 353 | ||
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 354 | ||
| Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | 354 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 355 | ||
| Perform and interpret focused physical assessment findings, including: | 355 | ||
| Respond: | 355 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 355 | ||
| Key Points | 355 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 355 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 355 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 355 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 356 | ||
| 21 Care of Patients with HIV Disease and Other Immune Deficiencies | 357 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 357 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 357 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 357 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 357 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 357 | ||
| Acquired (Secondary) Immune Deficiencies | 358 | ||
| HIV InFection and AIDS | 358 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 358 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 358 | ||
| The HIV Infectious Process. | 358 | ||
| HIV Classification. | 360 | ||
| HIV Progression. | 361 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 361 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 361 | ||
| Sexual Transmission | 362 | ||
| Parenteral Transmission | 362 | ||
| Perinatal Transmission | 363 | ||
| Transmission and Health Care Workers | 363 | ||
| Testing | 363 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 364 | ||
| Assessment | 364 | ||
| History | 365 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 365 | ||
| Opportunistic Infections. | 365 | ||
| Malignancies. | 367 | ||
| Endocrine Complications. | 367 | ||
| Other Clinical Manifestations. | 367 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 368 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 368 | ||
| Lymphocyte Counts. | 368 | ||
| Antibody Tests. | 368 | ||
| Viral Load Testing. | 369 | ||
| Other Laboratory Assessment. | 369 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 369 | ||
| Analysis | 370 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 370 | ||
| Preventing Infection | 370 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 370 | ||
| Interventions. | 370 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 370 | ||
| Immune Enhancement. | 375 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 375 | ||
| Enhancing Oxygenation | 375 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 375 | ||
| Interventions. | 375 | ||
| Managing Pain | 376 | ||
| Concept Overview: Oxygenation and Tissue Perfusion | 541 | ||
| Concept Overview | 541 | ||
| Oxygenation and Tissue Perfusion | 541 | ||
| Unit VII Problems of Oxygenation: Management of Patients with Problems of the Respiratory Tract | 543 | ||
| 29 Assessment of the Respiratory System | 543 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 543 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 543 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 543 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 543 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology Review | 544 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Tract | 544 | ||
| Nose and Sinuses | 544 | ||
| Pharynx | 545 | ||
| Larynx | 545 | ||
| Lower Respiratory Tract | 546 | ||
| Airways | 546 | ||
| Lungs | 546 | ||
| Accessory Muscles of Respiration | 547 | ||
| Oxygen Delivery and the Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve | 547 | ||
| Respiratory Changes Associated With Aging | 548 | ||
| Assessment methods | 548 | ||
| Patient History | 548 | ||
| Nutrition Status | 550 | ||
| Family History and Genetic Risk | 550 | ||
| Current Health Problems | 550 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 551 | ||
| Assessment of the Nose and Sinuses | 551 | ||
| Assessment of the Pharynx, Trachea, and Larynx | 552 | ||
| Assessment of the Lungs and Thorax | 552 | ||
| Inspection. | 552 | ||
| Palpation. | 553 | ||
| Percussion. | 553 | ||
| Auscultation. | 553 | ||
| Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy | 555 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 555 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 556 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 556 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 556 | ||
| Other Noninvasive Diagnostic Assessment | 556 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry. | 556 | ||
| Capnometry and Capnography. | 556 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Tests. | 558 | ||
| Patient Preparation. | 558 | ||
| Procedure. | 558 | ||
| Follow-up Care. | 558 | ||
| Exercise Testing. | 558 | ||
| Skin Tests. | 559 | ||
| Other Invasive Diagnostic Assessment | 559 | ||
| Endoscopic Examinations. | 559 | ||
| Concept Overview: Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition | 904 | ||
| Concept Overview | 904 | ||
| Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition | 904 | ||
| Unit X Problems of Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition: Management of Patients with Problems of the Nervous System | 905 | ||
| 43 Assessment of the Nervous System | 905 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 905 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 905 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 905 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 905 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 905 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology Review | 906 | ||
| Nervous System Cells: Structure and Function | 906 | ||
| Neurons | 906 | ||
| Neuroglial Cells | 906 | ||
| Central Nervous System: Structure and Function | 906 | ||
| Brain | 906 | ||
| Major Parts of the Brain. | 907 | ||
| Circulation in the Brain. | 908 | ||
| Spinal Cord | 909 | ||
| Ascending Tracts. | 909 | ||
| Descending Tracts. | 909 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System: Structure and Function | 910 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System: Structure and Function | 911 | ||
| Neurologic Changes Associated with Aging | 911 | ||
| Assessment Methods | 913 | ||
| Patient History | 913 | ||
| Family History and Genetic Risk | 913 | ||
| Current Health Problems | 913 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 913 | ||
| Assessment of Mental Status | 913 | ||
| Level of Consciousness and Orientation. | 914 | ||
| Memory and Attention. | 914 | ||
| Language and Higher Levels of Cognition. | 915 | ||
| Assessment of Cranial Nerves | 915 | ||
| Assessment of Sensory Function | 915 | ||
| Assessment of Motor Function | 916 | ||
| Assessment of Cerebellar Function | 916 | ||
| Assessment of Reflex Activity | 916 | ||
| Rapid Neurologic Assessment | 917 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 919 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 919 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 919 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 919 | ||
| Plain X-Rays. | 919 | ||
| Cerebral Angiography. | 919 | ||
| Computed Tomography. | 921 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging. | 921 | ||
| Positron Emission Tomography. | 922 | ||
| Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. | 922 | ||
| Magnetoencephalography. | 922 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 922 | ||
| Electromyography. | 922 | ||
| Electroencephalography. | 922 | ||
| Evoked Potentials. | 923 | ||
| Cerebral Blood Flow Evaluation. | 923 | ||
| Lumbar Puncture. | 923 | ||
| Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. | 925 | ||
| Muscle and Nerve Biopsies. | 925 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 925 | ||
| Physical assessment | 925 | ||
| Diagnostic assessment | 925 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 925 | ||
| Key Points | 925 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 925 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 925 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 925 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 926 | ||
| 44 Care of Patients with Problems of the Central Nervous System: | 927 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 927 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 927 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 927 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 927 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 927 | ||
| Headaches | 928 | ||
| Migraine Headache | 928 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 928 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 928 | ||
| Assessment | 928 | ||
| Interventions | 929 | ||
| Abortive Therapy | 929 | ||
| Preventive Therapy | 930 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | 931 | ||
| Cluster Headache | 931 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 931 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 931 | ||
| Assessment | 931 | ||
| Interventions | 932 | ||
| Seizures and Epilepsy | 932 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 932 | ||
| Types of Seizures | 932 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 933 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 933 | ||
| Assessment | 933 | ||
| Interventions | 933 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 933 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 933 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management. | 933 | ||
| Seizure Precautions. | 935 | ||
| Seizure Management. | 935 | ||
| Emergency Care: Acute Seizure and Status Epilepticus Management. | 935 | ||
| Surgical Management | 936 | ||
| Vagal Nerve Stimulation. | 936 | ||
| Conventional Surgical Procedures. | 937 | ||
| Infections | 937 | ||
| Meningitis | 937 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 937 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 938 | ||
| Assessment | 938 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 938 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 939 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 939 | ||
| Interventions | 939 | ||
| Encephalitis | 940 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 940 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 940 | ||
| Assessment | 940 | ||
| Interventions | 941 | ||
| Parkinson Disease | 941 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 941 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 942 | ||
| Assessment | 942 | ||
| Interventions | 943 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 943 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 943 | ||
| Other Interventions. | 944 | ||
| Psychosocial Support. | 945 | ||
| Surgical Management | 946 | ||
| Stereotactic Pallidotomy/Thalamotomy. | 946 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation. | 946 | ||
| Fetal Tissue Transplantation. | 946 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 946 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 946 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 947 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 947 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 947 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 947 | ||
| Assessment | 947 | ||
| History | 947 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 948 | ||
| Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. | 948 | ||
| Changes in Cognition. | 948 | ||
| Changes in Behavior and Personality. | 949 | ||
| Changes in Self-Management Skills. | 949 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 949 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 950 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 950 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 950 | ||
| Analysis | 950 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 950 | ||
| Managing Chronic Confusion | 950 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 950 | ||
| Interventions | 950 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Management. | 950 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 952 | ||
| Preventing Injury | 952 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 952 | ||
| Interventions. | 952 | ||
| Managing Caregiver Role Strain | 954 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 954 | ||
| Interventions. | 954 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 954 | ||
| Home Care Management | 954 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 955 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 955 | ||
| Evaluation: Outcomes | 955 | ||
| Huntington Disease | 955 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 955 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 956 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 956 | ||
| Perform and interpret physical assessment, including: | 957 | ||
| Respond by: | 957 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 957 | ||
| Key Points | 957 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 957 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 957 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 957 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 958 | ||
| 45 Care of Patients with Problems of the Central Nervous System | 959 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 959 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 959 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 959 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 959 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 959 | ||
| Back Pain | 960 | ||
| Lumbosacral Back Pain (Low Back Pain) | 960 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 960 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 960 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 961 | ||
| Assessment | 961 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 961 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 961 | ||
| Interventions | 961 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 962 | ||
| Acute Low Back Pain. | 962 | ||
| Chronic Low Back Pain. | 962 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 962 | ||
| Surgical Management | 963 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 963 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 963 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 963 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Surgery. | 963 | ||
| Conventional Open Surgery. | 964 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 964 | ||
| Home Care Management | 964 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 965 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 965 | ||
| Cervical Neck Pain | 966 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 966 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 966 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injury | 967 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 967 | ||
| Mechanisms of Injury | 967 | ||
| Etiology | 968 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 968 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 968 | ||
| Assessment | 968 | ||
| History | 968 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 969 | ||
| Initial Assessment. | 969 | ||
| Sensory and Motor Assessment. | 969 | ||
| Cardiovascular and Respiratory Assessment. | 969 | ||
| Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Assessment. | 970 | ||
| Assessment of Patients for Long-Term Complications. | 970 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 970 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 970 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 970 | ||
| Analysis | 970 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 971 | ||
| Managing the Airway and Improving Breathing | 971 | ||
| Concept Overview: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Bowel Elimination | 1175 | ||
| Concept Overview | 1175 | ||
| Nutrition, Metabolism, and Bowel Elimination | 1175 | ||
| Unit XIII Problems of Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination: Management of Patients with Problems of the Gastrointestinal System | 1177 | ||
| 55 Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System | 1177 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1177 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1177 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1177 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1177 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1177 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology Review | 1178 | ||
| Overview of the Gastrointestinal System | 1178 | ||
| Structure | 1178 | ||
| Function | 1178 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 1179 | ||
| Esophagus | 1179 | ||
| Stomach | 1179 | ||
| Pancreas | 1179 | ||
| Liver and Gallbladder | 1179 | ||
| Small Intestine | 1180 | ||
| Large Intestine | 1180 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Changes Associated with Aging | 1180 | ||
| Assessment Methods | 1181 | ||
| Patient History | 1181 | ||
| Nutrition History | 1181 | ||
| Family History and Genetic Risk | 1182 | ||
| Current Health Problems | 1182 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 1183 | ||
| Inspection | 1183 | ||
| Auscultation | 1184 | ||
| Percussion | 1184 | ||
| Palpation | 1184 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1184 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1184 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1184 | ||
| Serum Tests. | 1184 | ||
| Urine Tests. | 1185 | ||
| Stool Tests. | 1185 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1185 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1187 | ||
| Endoscopy. | 1187 | ||
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. | 1187 | ||
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. | 1188 | ||
| Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy. | 1188 | ||
| Colonoscopy. | 1189 | ||
| Patient Preparation. | 1189 | ||
| Procedure. | 1189 | ||
| Follow-up Care. | 1189 | ||
| Virtual Colonoscopy. | 1189 | ||
| Sigmoidoscopy. | 1190 | ||
| Gastric Analysis. | 1190 | ||
| Ultrasonography. | 1190 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography. | 1191 | ||
| Liver-Spleen Scan. | 1191 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 1191 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 1191 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1191 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1191 | ||
| Key Points | 1191 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1191 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1191 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1191 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1191 | ||
| 56 Care of Patients with Oral Cavity Problems | 1192 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1192 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1192 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1192 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1192 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1192 | ||
| Stomatitis | 1193 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1193 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1194 | ||
| Assessment | 1194 | ||
| Interventions | 1194 | ||
| Oral Tumors | 1195 | ||
| Premalignant Lesions | 1195 | ||
| Leukoplakia | 1195 | ||
| Erythroplakia | 1195 | ||
| Oral Cancer | 1195 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1196 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 1196 | ||
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | 1196 | ||
| Kaposi’s Sarcoma | 1196 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1196 | ||
| Assessment | 1196 | ||
| Interventions | 1197 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1197 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1198 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1198 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1198 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1198 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1199 | ||
| Home Care Management | 1199 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 1200 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 1200 | ||
| Disorders Of The Salivary Glands | 1200 | ||
| Acute Sialadenitis | 1200 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1200 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1201 | ||
| Post-Irradiation Sialadenitis | 1201 | ||
| Salivary Gland Tumors | 1201 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 1201 | ||
| Perform and interpret focused physical assessment findings, including: | 1201 | ||
| Respond: | 1202 | ||
| Get ready for the NCLEX® examination! | 1202 | ||
| Key Points | 1202 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1202 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1202 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1202 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1202 | ||
| 57 Care of Patients with Esophageal Problems | 1203 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1203 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1203 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1203 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1203 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1203 | ||
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1203 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1203 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1204 | ||
| Assessment | 1204 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1204 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1205 | ||
| Interventions | 1205 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1205 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Interventions. | 1205 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 1206 | ||
| Endoscopic Therapies. | 1208 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1208 | ||
| Hiatal Hernia | 1208 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1208 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1209 | ||
| Assessment | 1209 | ||
| Interventions | 1209 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1210 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1210 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1210 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1210 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1210 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1211 | ||
| Esophageal Tumors | 1211 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1211 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1212 | ||
| Assessment | 1212 | ||
| History | 1212 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1212 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1212 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1213 | ||
| Analysis | 1213 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 1213 | ||
| Promoting Nutrition | 1213 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1213 | ||
| Interventions. | 1213 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management. | 1213 | ||
| Surgical Management. | 1214 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1215 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1215 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1215 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1217 | ||
| Home Care Management | 1217 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 1217 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 1217 | ||
| Evaluation: Expected Outcomes | 1217 | ||
| Esophageal Diverticula | 1217 | ||
| Esophageal Trauma | 1218 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 1218 | ||
| Perform and interpret focused physical findings, including: | 1218 | ||
| Respond by: | 1218 | ||
| Get Ready FOR the NCLEX® Examination! | 1219 | ||
| Key Points | 1219 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1219 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1219 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1219 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1219 | ||
| 58 Care of Patients with Stomach Disorders | 1220 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1220 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1220 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1220 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1220 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1220 | ||
| Gastritis | 1220 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1221 | ||
| Types of Gastritis | 1221 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1221 | ||
| Acute Gastritis. | 1221 | ||
| Chronic Gastritis. | 1221 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1221 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1222 | ||
| Assessment | 1222 | ||
| Interventions | 1222 | ||
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | 1225 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1225 | ||
| Types of Ulcers | 1225 | ||
| Complications of Ulcers | 1226 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1227 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1227 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1227 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1227 | ||
| Assessment | 1227 | ||
| History | 1227 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1228 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1228 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1228 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1229 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1229 | ||
| Analysis | 1229 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 1229 | ||
| Managing Acute Pain or Chronic Pain | 1229 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1229 | ||
| Interventions. | 1229 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 1229 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy. | 1230 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies. | 1230 | ||
| Managing Upper GI Bleeding | 1230 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1230 | ||
| Interventions. | 1230 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management. | 1230 | ||
| Emergency: Upper GI Bleeding. | 1231 | ||
| Nasogastric Tube Placement and Lavage. | 1231 | ||
| Endoscopic Therapy. | 1231 | ||
| Interventional Radiologic Procedures. | 1231 | ||
| Acid Suppression. | 1231 | ||
| Surgical Management. | 1232 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1232 | ||
| Home Care Management | 1233 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 1233 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 1233 | ||
| Evaluation: Outcomes | 1233 | ||
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | 1233 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1233 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1234 | ||
| Gastric Cancer | 1234 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1234 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1234 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1234 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1234 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1235 | ||
| Assessment | 1235 | ||
| Interventions | 1235 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1235 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1235 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1236 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1236 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1236 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1238 | ||
| Home Care Management | 1238 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 1238 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 1238 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 1238 | ||
| Perform and interpret physical assessment, including: | 1238 | ||
| Respond by: | 1238 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 1239 | ||
| Key Points | 1239 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1239 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1239 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1239 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1239 | ||
| 59 Care of Patients with Noninflammatory Intestinal Disorders | 1240 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1240 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1240 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1240 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1240 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1240 | ||
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1240 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1240 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1241 | ||
| Assessment | 1241 | ||
| Interventions | 1242 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | 1242 | ||
| Herniation | 1243 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1243 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1243 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1244 | ||
| Assessment | 1244 | ||
| Interventions | 1244 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1244 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1244 | ||
| Colorectal Cancer | 1245 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1245 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1245 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1246 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1246 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1246 | ||
| Assessment | 1246 | ||
| History | 1246 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1246 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1247 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1247 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1247 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1247 | ||
| Analysis | 1247 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 1247 | ||
| Preventing or Controlling Metastasis | 1247 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1247 | ||
| Interventions. | 1247 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management. | 1248 | ||
| Radiation Therapy. | 1248 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 1248 | ||
| Surgical Management. | 1248 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1248 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1249 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1249 | ||
| Colostomy Management. | 1249 | ||
| Wound Management. | 1251 | ||
| Assisting with the Grieving Process | 1251 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1251 | ||
| Interventions. | 1251 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1252 | ||
| Home Care Management | 1252 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 1252 | ||
| Colostomy Care. | 1252 | ||
| Psychosocial Concerns. | 1253 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 1253 | ||
| Evaluation: Outcomes | 1254 | ||
| Intestinal Obstruction | 1254 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1254 | ||
| Etiology | 1254 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1255 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1255 | ||
| Assessment | 1255 | ||
| History | 1255 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1255 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1256 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1256 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1256 | ||
| Interventions | 1256 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1256 | ||
| Nasogastric Tubes. | 1256 | ||
| Other Nonsurgical Interventions. | 1256 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1257 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1257 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1257 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1257 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1257 | ||
| Home Care Management | 1258 | ||
| Teaching for Self-Management | 1258 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 1258 | ||
| Abdominal Trauma | 1258 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1258 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1258 | ||
| Assessment | 1258 | ||
| Interventions | 1259 | ||
| Emergency Care: Abdominal Trauma | 1259 | ||
| Intra-abdominal Pressure Monitoring | 1259 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1260 | ||
| Polyps | 1260 | ||
| Concept Overview: Urinary Elimination | 1463 | ||
| Concept Overview | 1463 | ||
| Urinary Elimination | 1463 | ||
| Unit XV Problems of Excretion: Management of Patients with Problems of the Renal/Urinary System | 1465 | ||
| 68 Assessment of the Renal/Urinary System | 1465 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1465 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1465 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1465 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1465 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1465 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology Review | 1466 | ||
| Kidneys | 1466 | ||
| Structure | 1466 | ||
| Gross Anatomy. | 1466 | ||
| Microscopic Anatomy. | 1466 | ||
| Function | 1468 | ||
| Regulatory Functions. | 1468 | ||
| Hormonal Functions. | 1470 | ||
| Ureters | 1471 | ||
| Urinary Bladder | 1471 | ||
| Structure | 1471 | ||
| Function | 1472 | ||
| Urethra | 1472 | ||
| Kidney and Urinary System Changes Associated with Aging | 1472 | ||
| Kidney Changes | 1472 | ||
| Urinary Changes | 1473 | ||
| Assessment Methods | 1473 | ||
| Patient History | 1473 | ||
| Nutrition History | 1474 | ||
| Medication History | 1475 | ||
| Family History and Genetic Risk | 1475 | ||
| Current Health Problems | 1475 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 1475 | ||
| Assessment of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder | 1475 | ||
| Assessment of the Urethra | 1476 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1476 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1476 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1476 | ||
| Blood Tests. | 1476 | ||
| Urine Tests | 1477 | ||
| Urinalysis. | 1477 | ||
| Urine for Culture and Sensitivity. | 1480 | ||
| Composite Urine Collections. | 1480 | ||
| Creatinine Clearance. | 1481 | ||
| Urine Electrolytes. | 1481 | ||
| Urine Osmolarity. | 1481 | ||
| Bedside Sonography/Bladder Scanners. | 1482 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1482 | ||
| Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-rays. | 1482 | ||
| Intravenous Urography. | 1482 | ||
| Patient Preparation. | 1482 | ||
| Procedure. | 1484 | ||
| Follow-up Care. | 1484 | ||
| Computed Tomography. | 1484 | ||
| Cystography and Cystourethrography. | 1485 | ||
| Renography (Kidney Scan). | 1485 | ||
| Ultrasonography. | 1485 | ||
| Renal Arteriography (Angiography). | 1485 | ||
| Cystoscopy and Cystourethroscopy | 1485 | ||
| Patient Preparation. | 1485 | ||
| Procedure. | 1485 | ||
| Follow-up Care. | 1485 | ||
| Retrograde Procedures. | 1486 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessments | 1486 | ||
| Urodynamic Studies. | 1486 | ||
| Kidney Biopsy | 1486 | ||
| Patient Preparation. | 1486 | ||
| Procedure. | 1487 | ||
| Follow-up Care. | 1487 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 1487 | ||
| Vital signs | 1487 | ||
| Physical assessment | 1487 | ||
| Psychological assessment | 1487 | ||
| Laboratory assessment | 1487 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 1488 | ||
| Key Points | 1488 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1488 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1488 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1488 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1488 | ||
| 69 Care of Patients with Urinary Problems | 1489 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1489 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1489 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1489 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1489 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1489 | ||
| Infectious Disorders | 1490 | ||
| Cystitis | 1490 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1490 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1491 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1492 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1492 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1492 | ||
| Assessment | 1492 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1492 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1493 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1493 | ||
| Interventions | 1494 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 1494 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 1494 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy. | 1494 | ||
| Comfort Measures. | 1494 | ||
| Surgical Management | 1494 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 1494 | ||
| Urethritis | 1496 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1496 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1497 | ||
| Noninfectious Disorders | 1497 | ||
| Urethral Strictures | 1497 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 1497 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1497 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1499 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1499 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1499 | ||
| Assessment | 1499 | ||
| History | 1499 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1500 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1500 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1500 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1500 | ||
| Analysis | 1500 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 1501 | ||
| Reducing Stress Urinary Incontinence | 1501 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1501 | ||
| Interventions. | 1501 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management. | 1501 | ||
| Surgical Management. | 1502 | ||
| Preoperative Care. | 1502 | ||
| Operative Procedures. | 1502 | ||
| Postoperative Care. | 1502 | ||
| Reducing Urge Urinary Incontinence | 1503 | ||
| Planning: Expected Outcomes. | 1503 | ||
| Interventions. | 1503 | ||
| Drug Therapy. | 1503 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy. | 1504 | ||
| Behavioral Interventions. | 1504 | ||
| Reducing Reflex Urinary Incontinence | 1505 | ||
| Concept Overview: Sexuality | 1574 | ||
| Concept Overview | 1574 | ||
| Sexuality | 1574 | ||
| Unit XVI Problems of Reproduction: Management of Patients with Problems of the Reproductive System | 1575 | ||
| 72 Assessment of the Reproductive System | 1575 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1575 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1575 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1575 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1575 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology Review | 1576 | ||
| Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System | 1576 | ||
| External Genitalia | 1576 | ||
| Internal Genitalia | 1576 | ||
| Breasts | 1577 | ||
| Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System | 1577 | ||
| Reproductive Changes Associated with Aging | 1578 | ||
| Assessment Methods | 1578 | ||
| Patient History | 1578 | ||
| Nutrition History | 1579 | ||
| Family History and Genetic Risk | 1579 | ||
| Current Health Problems | 1580 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 1580 | ||
| Assessment of the Female Reproductive System | 1580 | ||
| Assessment of the Male Reproductive System | 1581 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1581 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1581 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1581 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1583 | ||
| General X-rays. | 1583 | ||
| Computed Tomography. | 1583 | ||
| Hysterosalpingography. | 1583 | ||
| Mammography. | 1583 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1583 | ||
| Ultrasonography. | 1583 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging. | 1584 | ||
| Endoscopic Studies | 1584 | ||
| Colposcopy. | 1584 | ||
| Laparoscopy. | 1584 | ||
| Patient Preparation. | 1584 | ||
| Procedure. | 1584 | ||
| Follow-up Care. | 1585 | ||
| Hysteroscopy. | 1585 | ||
| Biopsy Studies | 1585 | ||
| Cervical Biopsy. | 1585 | ||
| Endometrial Biopsy. | 1585 | ||
| Breast Biopsy. | 1586 | ||
| Prostate Biopsy. | 1586 | ||
| Nursing Concept Review | 1586 | ||
| Physical assessment | 1586 | ||
| Psychosocial assessment | 1586 | ||
| Laboratory assessment | 1586 | ||
| Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination! | 1587 | ||
| Key Points | 1587 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1587 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1587 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1587 | ||
| 73 Care of Patients with Breast Disorders | 1588 | ||
| Learning Outcomes | 1588 | ||
| Safe and Effective Care Environment | 1588 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1588 | ||
| Psychosocial Integrity | 1588 | ||
| Physiological Integrity | 1588 | ||
| Benign Breast Disorders | 1588 | ||
| Fibroadenoma | 1589 | ||
| Fibrocystic Breast Condition | 1589 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1589 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1589 | ||
| Ductal Ectasia | 1590 | ||
| Intraductal Papilloma | 1590 | ||
| Issues of Large-Breasted Women | 1590 | ||
| Issues of Small-Breasted Women | 1590 | ||
| Gynecomastia | 1591 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 1591 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1591 | ||
| Noninvasive Breast Cancers | 1591 | ||
| Invasive Breast Cancers | 1592 | ||
| Breast Cancer in Men | 1592 | ||
| Breast Cancer in Young Women | 1592 | ||
| Etiology and Genetic Risk | 1592 | ||
| Incidence/Prevalence | 1593 | ||
| Health Promotion and Maintenance | 1593 | ||
| Mammography | 1594 | ||
| Breast Self-Awareness/Self-Examination | 1594 | ||
| Clinical Breast Examination | 1595 | ||
| Options for High-Risk Women | 1597 | ||
| Patient-Centered Collaborative Care | 1597 | ||
| Assessment | 1597 | ||
| History | 1597 | ||
| Physical Assessment/Clinical Manifestations | 1598 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment | 1598 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 1598 | ||
| Imaging Assessment | 1598 | ||
| Other Diagnostic Assessment | 1599 | ||
| Analysis | 1599 | ||
| Planning and Implementation | 1599 | ||
| Developing Coping Strategies | 1599 | ||
| Bibliography | 1668 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 1668 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 1668 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 1669 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 1670 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 1670 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 1671 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 1671 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 1672 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 1673 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 1673 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 1674 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 1675 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 1675 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 1676 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 1676 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 1677 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 1678 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 1679 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 1680 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 1680 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 1681 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 1682 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 1683 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 1683 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 1684 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 1685 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 1685 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 1687 | ||
| Chapter 29 | 1688 | ||
| Chapter 30 | 1688 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 1689 | ||
| Chapter 32 | 1689 | ||
| Chapter 33 | 1690 | ||
| Chapter 34 | 1691 | ||
| Chapter 35 | 1692 | ||
| Chapter 36 | 1693 | ||
| Chapter 37 | 1695 | ||
| Chapter 38 | 1696 | ||
| Chapter 39 | 1697 | ||
| Chapter 40 | 1697 | ||
| Chapter 41 | 1698 | ||
| Chapter 42 | 1698 | ||
| Chapter 43 | 1700 | ||
| Chapter 44 | 1700 | ||
| Chapter 45 | 1701 | ||
| Chapter 46 | 1701 | ||
| Chapter 47 | 1702 | ||
| Chapter 48 | 1702 | ||
| Chapter 49 | 1703 | ||
| Chapter 50 | 1703 | ||
| Chapter 51 | 1703 | ||
| Chapter 52 | 1704 | ||
| Chapter 53 | 1704 | ||
| Chapter 54 | 1705 | ||
| Chapter 55 | 1706 | ||
| Chapter 56 | 1706 | ||
| Chapter 57 | 1706 | ||
| Chapter 58 | 1707 | ||
| Chapter 59 | 1707 | ||
| Chapter 60 | 1708 | ||
| Chapter 61 | 1708 | ||
| Chapter 62 | 1709 | ||
| Chapter 63 | 1709 | ||
| Chapter 64 | 1710 | ||
| Chapter 65 | 1710 | ||
| Chapter 66 | 1711 | ||
| Chapter 67 | 1711 | ||
| Chapter 68 | 1712 | ||
| Chapter 69 | 1712 | ||
| Chapter 70 | 1713 | ||
| Chapter 71 | 1714 | ||
| Chapter 72 | 1716 | ||
| Chapter 73 | 1716 | ||
| Chapter 74 | 1717 | ||
| Chapter 75 | 1717 | ||
| Chapter 76 | 1718 | ||
| Appendixes | 1720 | ||
| Appendix A Do-Not-Use Abbreviations and Symbols | 1720 | ||
| Appendix B Communication Quick Reference for Spanish-Speaking Patients | 1723 | ||
| The Body—El Cuerpo (ehl koo-EHR-poh) | 1723 | ||
| Common Instructions to Be Used with the Body Parts | 1723 | ||
| More Parts of the Body | 1724 | ||
| Organs | 1724 | ||
| Essential Phrases | 1724 | ||
| Description of Pain | 1725 | ||
| Preliminary Examination | 1725 | ||
| Obtaining a Blood Sample | 1725 | ||
| Obtaining Blood from a Finger Stick | 1726 | ||
| Obtaining a Urine Sample | 1726 | ||
| Obtaining a Stool Specimen | 1726 | ||
| Obtaining a Sputum Specimen | 1726 | ||
| Orders | 1726 | ||
| Description of Tubes | 1726 | ||
| Glossary | 1727 | ||
| A | 1727 | ||
| B | 1731 | ||
| C | 1733 | ||
| D | 1738 | ||
| E | 1740 | ||
| F | 1742 | ||
| G | 1743 | ||
| H | 1744 | ||
| I | 1747 | ||
| J | 1749 | ||
| K | 1749 | ||
| L | 1750 | ||
| M | 1751 | ||
| N | 1754 | ||
| O | 1755 | ||
| P | 1757 | ||
| Q | 1762 | ||
| R | 1762 | ||
| S | 1764 | ||
| T | 1767 | ||
| U | 1769 | ||
| V | 1770 | ||
| W | 1771 | ||
| X | 1771 | ||
| Z | 1772 | ||
| NCLEX® Examination Challenges—Answer Key | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 2 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 3 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 4 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 5 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 8 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 9 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 10 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 11 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 12 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 13 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 14 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 15 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 16 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 17 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 18 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 20 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 21 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 22 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 24 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 25 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 26 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 27 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 28 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 29 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 30 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 31 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 32 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 33 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 34 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 35 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 36 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 37 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 38 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 39 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 40 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 41 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 42 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 43 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 44 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 45 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 46 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 47 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 48 | AK1 | ||
| Chapter 49 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 50 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 51 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 52 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 53 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 54 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 55 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 56 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 57 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 58 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 59 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 60 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 61 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 62 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 63 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 64 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 65 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 66 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 67 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 68 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 69 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 70 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 71 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 72 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 73 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 74 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 75 | AK2 | ||
| Chapter 76 | AK2 | ||
| Illustration Credits | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 2 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 3 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 4 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 5 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 6 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 7 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 8 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 9 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 10 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 11 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 12 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 13 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 14 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 15 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 16 | IC1 | ||
| Chapter 17 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 18 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 19 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 20 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 21 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 22 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 23 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 24 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 25 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 26 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 27 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 28 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 29 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 30 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 31 | IC2 | ||
| Chapter 32 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 33 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 34 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 36 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 37 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 38 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 40 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 42 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 44 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 45 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 47 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 48 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 49 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 52 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 54 | IC3 | ||
| Chapter 56 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 59 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 60 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 63 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 64 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 65 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 67 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 68 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 69 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 70 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 71 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 73 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 75 | IC4 | ||
| Chapter 76 | IC4 | ||
| Index | I1 | ||
| A | I1 | ||
| B | I7 | ||
| C | I12 | ||
| D | I23 | ||
| E | I27 | ||
| F | I31 | ||
| G | I34 | ||
| H | I36 | ||
| I | I42 | ||
| J | I47 | ||
| K | I48 | ||
| L | I49 | ||
| M | I52 | ||
| N | I56 | ||
| O | I59 | ||
| P | I61 | ||
| Q | I71 | ||
| R | I71 | ||
| S | I75 | ||
| T | I82 | ||
| U | I86 | ||
| V | I88 | ||
| W | I90 | ||
| X | I91 | ||
| Y | I92 | ||
| Z | I92 | ||
| Inside back cover | ibc1 |