BOOK
Surgical Management of Spinal Deformities E-Book
Thomas J. Errico | Baron S. Lonner | Andrew W. Moulton
(2008)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
A who’s who in this challenging field brings you state-of-the-art approaches to the full range of surgical management options—including reconstructive procedures—for the pediatric and adult patient with spinal deformity. Experts discuss the course of treatment for patients in different age groups and take into consideration the extent of the curve at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up, the patient’s stage of bone growth, the amount of pain and deformity associated with the condition, and the patient’s willingness and ability to withstand surgery. Plus, a section on general information such as practical surgical anatomy, imaging, applied biomechanics, and instrumentation helps you approach each patient more effectively.
- Emphasizes technical skills and surgical decision making, including pearls, pitfalls, and illustrative case studies, offering you expert advice on technically challenging surgeries.
- Provides the very latest information on minimally invasive endoscopic and mini-open approaches to broaden your surgical options and minimize post-operative complications.
- Discusses peri-operative considerations, including anesthesia, blood loss management, bone graft and fusion enhancement, neural monitoring, and complications, keeping you prepared for any event.
- Presents full-color line artwork of surgical procedures as well as diagnostic and clinical photographs for superb visual guidance.
- Offers a consistent format throughout and a full-color design for ease of reference.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Surgical Management of Spinal Deformities | iii | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Table of\rContents | xvii | ||
Dedication | v | ||
Contributors | vii | ||
Preface | xiii | ||
Acknowledgments | xv | ||
SECTION I: General Introduction/Principles | 1 | ||
CHAPTER 1. Introduction to Spinal Deformity | 3 | ||
CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 4 | ||
DEFORMITY ANALYSIS | 4 | ||
INTERPRETING DEFORMITY | 6 | ||
TREATMENT PRINCIPLES | 8 | ||
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF DEFORMITY | 10 | ||
CONCLUSION | 11 | ||
REFERENCES | 12 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 12 | ||
CHAPTER 2. Clinically Relevant Spinal Anatomy | 13 | ||
THE OCCIPUT | 13 | ||
THE ATLAS | 13 | ||
THE AXIS | 13 | ||
THE SUBAXIAL SPINE (C3 to C7) | 18 | ||
THE THORACIC SPINE | 23 | ||
THE LUMBAR SPINE | 26 | ||
THE SACRUM | 30 | ||
AUTOGENOUS GRAFT | 33 | ||
LIGAMENTS | 38 | ||
MUSCLES | 40 | ||
REFERENCES | 42 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 42 | ||
CHAPTER 3. Radiologic Imaging of Spinal Deformities | 45 | ||
SCOLIOSIS | 45 | ||
LUMBAR INSTABILITY AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS | 51 | ||
KYPHOSIS | 55 | ||
LORDOSIS | 57 | ||
REFERENCES | 57 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 58 | ||
CHAPTER 4. Spinal Deformity in the Clinical Setting | 61 | ||
HISTORY | 61 | ||
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 64 | ||
IMAGING | 66 | ||
FURTHER EVALUATION | 68 | ||
SUMMARY | 69 | ||
REFERENCES | 69 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 69 | ||
CHAPTER 5. Biomechanics of Spinal Instrumentation | 71 | ||
IMPLANT MECHANICS | 71 | ||
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS MODEL | 76 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 85 | ||
SECTION II: Pediatric Deformity | 87 | ||
CHAPTER 6. Infantile and Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis | 89 | ||
INFANTILE IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS | 89 | ||
JUVENILE SCOLIOSIS | 91 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 91 | ||
REFERENCES | 96 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 96 | ||
CHAPTER 7. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis | 97 | ||
OVERVIEW | 97 | ||
EVALUATION | 97 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 98 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 102 | ||
SUMMARY | 104 | ||
REFERENCES | 118 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 118 | ||
CHAPTER 8. Scheuermann's Kyphosis | 119 | ||
OVERVIEW | 119 | ||
EVALUATION | 120 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 121 | ||
CONCLUSION | 124 | ||
REFERENCES | 127 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 127 | ||
CHAPTER 9. Congenital Scoliosis | 129 | ||
ETIOLOGY | 129 | ||
CLASSIFICATION OF CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS | 129 | ||
RATE OF PROGRESSION | 130 | ||
NATURAL HISTORY | 131 | ||
ASSOCIATED ANOMALIES | 131 | ||
PATIENT EVALUATION | 131 | ||
TREATMENT | 132 | ||
SUMMARY | 135 | ||
REFERENCES | 140 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 140 | ||
CHAPTER 10. Cerebral Palsy and Other Neuromuscular Disorders in Children | 143 | ||
DEFINITIONS | 143 | ||
GENERALITIES OF NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS | 144 | ||
PATIENT APPEARANCE | 146 | ||
TIMING OF SURGICAL INTERVENTION | 147 | ||
CHRONIC NUTRITIONAL AND VOLUME RESERVE DEFICIENCY | 147 | ||
FALSE CURVATURE | 148 | ||
FORCES | 150 | ||
KINDS: CODES, WORDS, AND TONES | 151 | ||
CONCLUSION | 155 | ||
REFERENCES | 155 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 155 | ||
CHAPTER 11. Operative Treatment of Neuromuscular Spinal Deformity | 157 | ||
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION | 157 | ||
NONOPERATIVE CARE | 158 | ||
OPERATIVE CARE | 159 | ||
PREOPERATIVE AND PERIOPERATIVE CONCERNS | 160 | ||
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 160 | ||
POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 161 | ||
COMPLICATIONS | 162 | ||
OUTCOMES | 162 | ||
REFERENCES | 164 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 165 | ||
CHAPTER 12. Spinal Surgery in Connective Tissue Disorders | 167 | ||
MARFAN SYNDROME | 167 | ||
EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME | 171 | ||
STICKLER SYNDROME | 171 | ||
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA | 171 | ||
REFERENCES | 177 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 177 | ||
CHAPTER 13. Pediatric Infections of the Spine | 179 | ||
DISCITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS | 179 | ||
TUBERCULOSIS | 186 | ||
DISC SPACE CALCIFICATION | 188 | ||
PYOMYOSITIS | 188 | ||
REFERENCES | 193 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 193 | ||
CHAPTER 14. Pediatric Neoplasms of the Spine | 195 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SPINE TUMORS | 195 | ||
GENERAL APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS | 195 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 195 | ||
TREATMENT | 203 | ||
REFERENCES | 209 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 209 | ||
CHAPTER 15. Neurofibromatosis | 211 | ||
CERVICAL SPINE DEFORMITIES | 212 | ||
THORACOLUMBAR DEFORMITIES | 212 | ||
SPINAL CANAL PATHOLOGY | 223 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 231 | ||
REFERENCES | 231 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 231 | ||
CHAPTER 16. Spinal Deformity in Skeletal Dysplasia | 233 | ||
OVERVIEW | 233 | ||
EVALUATION | 233 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 233 | ||
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 241 | ||
SUMMARY | 241 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 258 | ||
REFERENCES | 258 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 259 | ||
CHAPTER 17. Isthmic and Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis | 261 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS | 261 | ||
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND NATURAL HISTORY | 263 | ||
IMAGING | 263 | ||
NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 264 | ||
OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 265 | ||
REFERENCES | 275 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 275 | ||
CHAPTER 18. Myelomeningocele Spinal Deformities | 277 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY | 277 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 277 | ||
SYMPTOMATOLOGY | 278 | ||
CLINICAL EVALUATION | 278 | ||
SPECIFIC WORKUP BEFORE SURGERY | 278 | ||
SPECIFIC TREATMENTS | 279 | ||
CONCLUSIONS | 283 | ||
REFERENCES | 292 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 292 | ||
CHAPTER 19. Spinal Cord Injury | 295 | ||
PEDIATRIC SPINAL POSTTRAUMATIC DEFORMITY | 295 | ||
ADULT SPINAL POSTTRAUMATIC DEFORMITY | 297 | ||
REFERENCES | 303 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 303 | ||
SECTION III: Adult Deformity | 305 | ||
CHAPTER 20. Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis and Degenerative Scoliosis | 307 | ||
ADULT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS | 307 | ||
DEGENERATIVE ADULT SCOLIOSIS | 333 | ||
COMPLICATIONS IN ADULT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS AND DEGENERATIVE SCOLIOSIS | 335 | ||
SUMMARY | 337 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 342 | ||
CHAPTER 21. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis | 343 | ||
OVERVIEW | 343 | ||
EVALUATION | 343 | ||
RADIOLOGIC IMAGING | 343 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 344 | ||
SURGICAL INDICATIONS | 344 | ||
CONCLUSIONS | 345 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 349 | ||
CHAPTER 22. Osteoporosis | 351 | ||
INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 351 | ||
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOMECHANICS | 351 | ||
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION | 353 | ||
NONOPERATIVE CARE | 356 | ||
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT IN OSTEOPOROTIC PATIENTS | 360 | ||
REFERENCES | 370 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 371 | ||
CHAPTER 23. Adult Neoplasia | 373 | ||
OVERVIEW | 373 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 373 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 374 | ||
REFERENCES | 379 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 379 | ||
CHAPTER 24. Inflammatory Arthropathies | 381 | ||
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS | 381 | ||
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS | 386 | ||
REFERENCES | 396 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 396 | ||
CHAPTER 25. Revision Deformity Surgery | 399 | ||
OVERVIEW | 399 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 399 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 402 | ||
SPECIAL COMPLICATIONS: HOW TO AVOID AND TREAT | 403 | ||
SUMMARY | 407 | ||
REFERENCES | 416 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 416 | ||
SECTION IV: Perioperative Considerations | 419 | ||
CHAPTER 26. Anesthesia for Spine Surgery and Management of Blood Loss | 421 | ||
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 421 | ||
INDUCTION AND INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT ISSUES | 425 | ||
POSITIONING | 426 | ||
THORACIC PROCEDURES | 427 | ||
POSTOPERATIVE VISUAL LOSS | 428 | ||
BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN THE SPINE SURGERY PATIENT | 429 | ||
CONCLUSION OF THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE AND TRANSFER TO THE POSTANESTHESIA CARE UNIT | 430 | ||
REFERENCES | 431 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 431 | ||
CHAPTER 27. Bone Graft and Fusion Enhancement | 433 | ||
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX | 433 | ||
BONE ARCHITECTURE | 433 | ||
OSTEOINDUCTION | 433 | ||
OSTEOCONDUCTION | 433 | ||
OSTEOGENESIS | 434 | ||
AUTOGRAFT | 434 | ||
ALLOGRAFT | 435 | ||
CERAMICS | 435 | ||
COLLAGEN | 437 | ||
OSTEOINDUCTIVE MATERIALS | 438 | ||
DEMINERALIZED BONE MATRIX | 438 | ||
BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS | 438 | ||
REFERENCES | 447 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 447 | ||
CHAPTER 28. Complications in Spinal Deformity Surgery | 449 | ||
PATIENT PREPARATION: COMPLICATIONS, EXPECTATIONS, CONSENT PROCESS, AND DOCUMENTATION | 449 | ||
COMMON COMPLICATIONS | 449 | ||
CONCLUSION | 468 | ||
REFERENCES | 471 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 473 | ||
CHAPTER 29. Neuromonitoring for Scoliosis Surgery | 475 | ||
INTRODUCTION TO INTRAOPERATIVE SPINAL CORD AND NERVE ROOT MONITORING | 475 | ||
THE STAGNARA WAKE-UP TEST | 475 | ||
THE SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIAL | 476 | ||
THE TRANSCRANIAL MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIAL | 481 | ||
INTRAOPERATIVE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY | 483 | ||
THE IMPORTANCE OF PREOPERATIVE BASELINE DATA | 487 | ||
TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF NEUROMONITORING DATA | 489 | ||
PREPARING THE PATIENT FOR NEUROMONITORING | 489 | ||
CONCLUDING COMMENTS | 489 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 493 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 493 | ||
CHAPTER 30. A Modified Anterior Muscle-Sparing Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar Spine: Technique and Outcomes | 495 | ||
LUMBOSACRAL SPINE EXPOSURE: ANTEROLATERAL APPROACH | 495 | ||
LUMBOSACRAL SPINE EXPOSURE: ANTERIOR APPROACH | 496 | ||
VASCULAR INJURIES | 499 | ||
RESULTS | 500 | ||
SUMMARY | 500 | ||
CONCLUSIONS | 501 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 501 | ||
CHAPTER 31. Thoracic Exposures for Spinal Deformity Surgery | 503 | ||
OVERVIEW | 503 | ||
CLASSIFICATION | 503 | ||
ROLE OF THE THORACIC SURGEON IN ANTERIOR SPINE SURGERY | 507 | ||
REFERENCES | 510 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 511 | ||
SECTION V: The Future of Spinal Deformity Surgery | 513 | ||
CHAPTER 32. Future Developments in Spinal Deformity Surgery | 515 | ||
REFERENCES | 519 | ||
SUGGESTED READINGS | 519 | ||
Index | 521 |