BOOK
Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas E-Book
Robert D. Odze | John R. Goldblum
(2009)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This one-of-a-kind reference provides a comprehensive and practical guide to help you interpret endoscopic biopsies and resection specimens of all organs related to the digestive system. The more than 2250 high quality illustrations, 30% more than in the first edition, help you recognize and diagnose any tissue sample under the microscope. Five new chapters, additional expert authors, expanded tables, and coverage of the current clinical approach to management and treatment options, particularly screening and surveillance recommendations for preneoplastic disorders, round out this unique reference.
- Acts as a one-stop resource for the entire gastrointestinal system, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas.
- Incorporates over 2250 high quality color illustrations so you can recognize and diagnose any tissue sample under the microscope.
- Provides all the necessary tools to make a comprehensive diagnostic workup including data from ancillary techniques and molecular findings whenever appropriate.
- Simplifies complex topics and streamlines decision-making using extensive tables, graphs, and flowcharts.
- Helps you avoid diagnostic errors thanks to practical advice on pitfalls in differential diagnosis.
- Uses a new “road map at the beginning of each chapter, as well as a new, more clinical focus to help you navigate through the book more quickly.
- Reflects the latest classification and staging systems available so you can provide the clinician with the most accurate and up-to-date diagnostic and prognostic indicators, including key molecular aspects of tumor pathology.
- Adds five new chapters including "Screening and Surveillance of the GI Tract, "Congenital and Developmental Disorders of the GI Tract, "Pediatric Enteropathies of the GI Tract", "Vascular Disorders of the GI Tract", and "Fatty Liver Disease".
- Expands appropriate chapters with new coverage of the normal histology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas.
- Uses expanded tables to outline specific differential diagnostic points helpful for surgical pathologists.
- Discusses the key molecular aspects of tumor progression and risk assessment in all chapters that cover neoplastic disorders.
- Helps you evaluate diagnostically challenging cases using diagnostic algorithms.
- Increases the number of high quality photographs by at least 30% to include even more normal and abnormal tissue samples.
- Updates all chapters to include the latest references, concepts, data, and controversies.
- Incorporates expanded coverage of the pancreas and liver, eliminating the need for a separate text.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xv | ||
| Table of contents | xvii | ||
| PART 1: Gastrointestinal Tract | 1 | ||
| SECTION I: General Pathology of the GI Tract | 3 | ||
| CHAPTER 1: GI Tract Endoscopic and Tissue Processing Techniques and Normal Histology | 3 | ||
| Introduction | 4 | ||
| Bowel Preparation | 4 | ||
| Methods for Obtaining Tissue Specimens | 4 | ||
| Methods of Processing Tissue for Pathologic Evaluation | 9 | ||
| Endoscopy-Induced Artifacts | 12 | ||
| Pathologic Features of a Healing Biopsy Site | 12 | ||
| Methods for Obtaining Cytology Specimens | 13 | ||
| Normal Histology of the Tubal Gut | 16 | ||
| REFERENCES | 30 | ||
| CHAPTER 2: Screening and Surveillance Guidelines in Gastroenterology | 31 | ||
| Surveillance in Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus | 32 | ||
| Surveillance in Patients with Chronic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia or Dysplasia | 32 | ||
| Surveillance in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 33 | ||
| Screening and Surveillance Guidelines for Colon Polyps | 35 | ||
| Postpolypectomy Surveillance | 36 | ||
| Management of Malignant Polyps | 37 | ||
| Colonoscopic Surveillance after Colon Cancer Resection | 37 | ||
| Interaction of GI Endoscopists and Pathologists | 38 | ||
| REFERENCES | 38 | ||
| CHAPTER 3: Diagnostic Cytology of the GI Tract | 39 | ||
| Normal Morphology | 40 | ||
| Infections | 41 | ||
| Inflammatory, Reactive, or Metaplastic Changes | 44 | ||
| Neoplastic Lesions | 45 | ||
| REFERENCES | 50 | ||
| CHAPTER 4: Infectious Disorders of the GI Tract | 51 | ||
| Viral Infections of the GI Tract | 52 | ||
| Bacterial Infections of the GI Tract | 54 | ||
| Fungal Infections of the GI Tract | 68 | ||
| Parasitic Infections of the GI Tract | 71 | ||
| REFERENCES | 79 | ||
| CHAPTER 5: Manifestations of Immunodeficiency in the GI Tract | 81 | ||
| Primary Disorders of Immune Deficiency | 82 | ||
| Graft-versus-Host Disease | 92 | ||
| Neutropenic Enterocolitis | 93 | ||
| The GI Tract in HIV Infection | 95 | ||
| REFERENCES | 96 | ||
| CHAPTER 6: Systemic Illnesses Involving the GI Tract | 97 | ||
| Introduction | 98 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disorders | 98 | ||
| Dermatologic Disorders | 101 | ||
| Endocrine Disorders | 103 | ||
| Hematologic Disorders | 105 | ||
| Metabolic Disorders | 106 | ||
| Pulmonary Disorders | 118 | ||
| Reproductive Disorders | 118 | ||
| Rheumatologic Disorders | 119 | ||
| Urologic Disorders | 120 | ||
| Miscellaneous Disorders | 122 | ||
| REFERENCES | 124 | ||
| CHAPTER 7: Neuromuscular Disorders of the GI Tract | 125 | ||
| Neural Network of the GI Tract | 126 | ||
| Esophagus | 128 | ||
| Stomach | 130 | ||
| Small and Large Intestine | 131 | ||
| REFERENCES | 143 | ||
| CHAPTER 8: Congenital and Developmental Disorders of the GI Tract | 145 | ||
| Embryology and Anatomic Development of the GI Tract | 146 | ||
| Molecular Mechanisms of Development | 151 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies of the GI Tract | 152 | ||
| REFERENCES | 168 | ||
| CHAPTER 9: GI Tract Enteropathies of Infancy and Childhood | 169 | ||
| The Intestinal Biopsy in Children | 170 | ||
| Congenital Disorders of Intestinal Transport and Absorption | 171 | ||
| Primary Enterocyte Abnormalities | 174 | ||
| Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 179 | ||
| Lymphangiectasia | 181 | ||
| Metabolic and Neoplastic Disorders | 182 | ||
| REFERENCES | 183 | ||
| CHAPTER 10: Vascular Disorders of the GI Tract | 185 | ||
| Introduction | 186 | ||
| Anatomy of the GI Vascular System | 186 | ||
| Upper GI Bleeding | 186 | ||
| Lower GI Bleeding | 195 | ||
| Upper GI Ischemia | 205 | ||
| Lower GI Ischemia | 207 | ||
| Vasculitis | 220 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Ischemia in Lower GI Biopsies | 226 | ||
| REFERENCES | 230 | ||
| SECTION II: Inflammatory Disorders of the GI Tract | 231 | ||
| CHAPTER 11: Inflammatory Disorders of the Esophagus | 231 | ||
| Esophagitis | 232 | ||
| Infectious Esophagitis | 238 | ||
| Pill/Drug/Toxic Esophagitis | 241 | ||
| Primary Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 242 | ||
| Mechanical Causes of Esophagitis | 245 | ||
| Congenital/Acquired Deformations | 245 | ||
| Esophageal Involvement in Systemic Disease | 246 | ||
| Barrett’s Esophagus | 248 | ||
| REFERENCES | 267 | ||
| CHAPTER 12: Inflammatory Disorders of the Stomach | 269 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 270 | ||
| General Pathologic Features of Gastritis | 271 | ||
| Updated Sydney System | 280 | ||
| Reporting Gastritis in the Absence of a Complete Biopsy Set | 283 | ||
| Acute Gastritis | 284 | ||
| Chronic Gastritis | 285 | ||
| Gastric Ulcers | 291 | ||
| DIEULAFOY LESION | 292 | ||
| H. Pylori-Negative Chronic Gastritis | 293 | ||
| Autoimmune Gastritis | 293 | ||
| Special Forms of Gastritis | 295 | ||
| Gastropathies | 300 | ||
| Vascular Gastropathies | 305 | ||
| The Gastric Cardia, Carditis, and Gastroesophageal Junction | 307 | ||
| The Stomach in the Young and Elderly | 314 | ||
| Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia | 314 | ||
| REFERENCES | 320 | ||
| CHAPTER 13: Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Intestine | 321 | ||
| Disorders Of Malabsorption | 322 | ||
| Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis | 333 | ||
| Nutritional Deficiencies | 335 | ||
| Peptic Duodenitis and Duodenal Ulcer | 336 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug–Induced Enteropathy | 337 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 338 | ||
| Ischemic Disorders of the Small Intestine | 346 | ||
| Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerating Stenosing Enteritis | 349 | ||
| Radiation- and Chemotherapy-Induced Enteritis | 349 | ||
| Graft-versus-Host Disease | 352 | ||
| Intestinal Lymphangiectasia | 352 | ||
| Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia | 353 | ||
| Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis | 354 | ||
| REFERENCES | 354 | ||
| CHAPTER 14: Inflammatory Disorders of the Large Intestine | 355 | ||
| Ulcerative Colitis | 357 | ||
| Unusual Morphologic Variants of Ulcerative Colitis | 361 | ||
| Crohn’s Colitis | 364 | ||
| Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Type Unknown (Indeterminate Colitis) | 368 | ||
| Differential Diagnostic Considerations | 370 | ||
| Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 371 | ||
| Other Colitides | 377 | ||
| Preparation Artifacts (see also Chapter 1) | 391 | ||
| Solitary Rectal Ulcer/Mucosal Prolapse Syndrome | 392 | ||
| Colitis Cystica Polyposa/Profunda | 393 | ||
| Behçet’s Syndrome | 393 | ||
| REFERENCES | 394 | ||
| CHAPTER 15: Inflammatory Disorders of the Appendix | 395 | ||
| Normal Histology | 396 | ||
| Fibrous Obliteration of the Appendiceal Lumen (Neuroma, Neural Hyperplasia) | 396 | ||
| Anatomic Abnormalities | 396 | ||
| Acute and Chronic Appendicitis | 396 | ||
| Periappendicitis | 397 | ||
| Infectious Causes of Acute Appendicitis | 397 | ||
| Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the Appendix | 400 | ||
| Noninflammatory Disorders of the Appendix | 403 | ||
| REFERENCES | 404 | ||
| SECTION III: Polyps of the GI Tract | 405 | ||
| CHAPTER 16: Polyps of the Esophagus | 405 | ||
| Epithelial Polyps (Table 16-1) | 406 | ||
| Mesenchymal Polyps (Table 16-2) | 409 | ||
| Cystic and Diverticular Lesions (see Chapter 8 for details) | 413 | ||
| REFERENCES | 413 | ||
| CHAPTER 17: Polyps of the Stomach | 415 | ||
| Hyperplastic Polyps | 416 | ||
| Ménétrier’s Disease | 425 | ||
| Inflammatory Polyps | 427 | ||
| Hamartomatous Polyps | 427 | ||
| Embryonic Rests and Heterotopia | 432 | ||
| Epithelial Polyps | 435 | ||
| Nonepithelial Polyps | 439 | ||
| Lymphoid Polyps | 442 | ||
| Miscellaneous Rare Polyps and Polyp-Like Lesions | 443 | ||
| REFERENCES | 445 | ||
| CHAPTER 18: Polyps of the Small Intestine | 447 | ||
| Hyperplasia and Heterotopia | 448 | ||
| Inflammatory Lesions | 454 | ||
| Hamartomatous Polyps | 455 | ||
| Benign Epithelial Neoplasms | 459 | ||
| Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms | 464 | ||
| Duodenal Endocrine Tumors | 467 | ||
| Mesenchymal Tumors | 474 | ||
| Lymphoid Lesions | 476 | ||
| Metastases | 477 | ||
| REFERENCES | 480 | ||
| CHAPTER 19: Polyps of the Large Intestine | 481 | ||
| Inflammatory Polyps | 482 | ||
| Hamartomatous Polyps | 489 | ||
| Epithelial Polyps | 498 | ||
| Malignant Epithelial Polyps | 519 | ||
| Polypoid Endocrine Tumors | 520 | ||
| Metastasis to the Colon | 520 | ||
| Lymphoid Polyps | 520 | ||
| Mesenchymal Polyps | 520 | ||
| Miscellaneous Polypoid Lesions | 528 | ||
| REFERENCES | 533 | ||
| SECTION IV: Epithelial Neoplasms of the GI Tract | 535 | ||
| CHAPTER 20: Epithelial Neoplasms of the Esophagus | 535 | ||
| Benign Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions | 536 | ||
| Malignant Neoplasms | 540 | ||
| REFERENCES | 562 | ||
| CHAPTER 21: Epithelial Neoplasms of the Stomach | 563 | ||
| Introduction | 564 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 564 | ||
| Histologic Precursors of Gastric Cancer | 564 | ||
| Anatomic Distribution: Cardia Cancer | 565 | ||
| Early Gastric Cancer | 565 | ||
| Advanced Gastric Carcinoma | 567 | ||
| Morphologic Subtypes of Gastric Adenocarcinoma | 571 | ||
| Gastric Carcinoma in Special Clinical Circumstances | 575 | ||
| Natural History and Prognosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma | 577 | ||
| Molecular Pathology of Gastric Cancer | 578 | ||
| REFERENCES | 579 | ||
| CHAPTER 22: Epithelial Neoplasms of the Small Intestine | 581 | ||
| Adenomatous Polyps | 582 | ||
| Adenomas in Polyposis Syndromes | 584 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 584 | ||
| Crohn’s Disease–Associated Adenocarcinoma | 589 | ||
| Celiac Disease–Associated Adenocarcinoma | 591 | ||
| Other Types of Carcinoma | 592 | ||
| Gangliocytic Paraganglioma | 594 | ||
| REFERENCES | 596 | ||
| CHAPTER 23: Epithelial Neoplasms of the Large Intestine | 597 | ||
| Epidemiology and Clinical Features | 598 | ||
| Essential Pathogenetic Issues | 600 | ||
| Gross Features and Specimen Handling | 602 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 603 | ||
| Special Studies | 615 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 616 | ||
| Natural History | 617 | ||
| Treatment | 617 | ||
| Prognostic Factors | 618 | ||
| Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer | 628 | ||
| Hyperplastic/Serrated Polyposis | 634 | ||
| Colitis-Associated Neoplasia | 634 | ||
| Recommended Sign-out Checklist for Colorectal Cancer | 635 | ||
| REFERENCES | 637 | ||
| CHAPTER 24: Epithelial Neoplasms of the Appendix | 639 | ||
| Hyperplastic Polyps and Mucosal Hyperplasia | 640 | ||
| Adenomas | 640 | ||
| Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm and Adenocarcinoma | 642 | ||
| Pseudomyxoma Peritonei | 645 | ||
| Carcinoid Tumors | 648 | ||
| Goblet Cell Carcinoid | 649 | ||
| Tubular Carcinoid | 651 | ||
| REFERENCES | 652 | ||
| CHAPTER 25: Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GI Tract and Appendix | 653 | ||
| Introduction and Terminology | 654 | ||
| Epidemiology and Clinical Features | 654 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 655 | ||
| Pathology | 655 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 661 | ||
| Ancillary Diagnostic and Prognostic Factors in Neuroendocrine Tumors | 661 | ||
| Molecular Features | 663 | ||
| Natural History and Prognosis | 665 | ||
| Clinical Management | 665 | ||
| Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumors | 665 | ||
| Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors | 666 | ||
| Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors | 671 | ||
| Jejunal/Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumors | 672 | ||
| Colonic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Excluding Appendix and Rectosigmoid) | 676 | ||
| Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors | 677 | ||
| Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumors (see Chapter 24 for details) | 678 | ||
| REFERENCES | 680 | ||
| SECTION V: Nonepithelial Neoplasms of the GI Tract | 681 | ||
| CHAPTER 26: Mesenchymal Tumors of the GI Tract | 681 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | 682 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Autonomic Nerve Tumors | 694 | ||
| Smooth Muscle Tumors | 694 | ||
| Neural Tumors | 695 | ||
| Lipomatous Tumors | 697 | ||
| Vascular Tumors | 698 | ||
| Fibroblastic Tumors | 698 | ||
| REFERENCES | 699 | ||
| CHAPTER 27: Lymphoid Tumors of the GI Tract, Hepatobiliary Tract, and Pancreas | 701 | ||
| Gastric Marginal-Zone B-Cell Lymphoma | 703 | ||
| Intestinal Marginal-Zone B-Cell Lymphoma | 708 | ||
| Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease | 709 | ||
| Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 711 | ||
| Intestinal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 712 | ||
| Mantle Cell Lymphoma (Multiple Lymphomatous Polyposis) | 713 | ||
| Follicular Lymphoma | 715 | ||
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 715 | ||
| Enteropathy-Type Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma | 716 | ||
| Complicated Celiac Disease: Refractory Sprue and Ulcerative Jejunitis | 720 | ||
| Appendiceal Lymphoma | 722 | ||
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the GI Tract | 723 | ||
| GI Lymphoma in Abnormal Immune States | 724 | ||
| Miscellaneous Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas of the GI Tract | 727 | ||
| Hepatic Lymphoma | 727 | ||
| Lymphoma of the Gallbladder | 730 | ||
| Lymphoma of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tree | 731 | ||
| Pancreatic Lymphoma | 731 | ||
| REFERENCES | 732 | ||
| SECTION VI: Anal Pathology | 733 | ||
| CHAPTER 28: Inflammatory and Neoplastic Disorders of the Anal Canal | 733 | ||
| Embryology and Anatomy of the Anal Canal | 734 | ||
| Embryologic Abnormalities of the Anus and Anal Canal | 735 | ||
| Benign Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Anus and Anal Canal | 736 | ||
| Inflammatory Disorders of the Anal Canal | 739 | ||
| Benign Tumors of the Anal Canal | 743 | ||
| Squamous Tumors and Neoplasms of the Anal Canal | 745 | ||
| Anal Adenocarcinoma | 756 | ||
| Paget’s Disease of the Anus | 758 | ||
| Anal Melanoma | 760 | ||
| Other Rare Neoplasms of the Anal Canal | 761 | ||
| REFERENCES | 761 | ||
| PART 2: Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas | 763 | ||
| CHAPTER 29: Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas Tissue Processing Techniques, and Normal Histology | 765 | ||
| Introduction | 766 | ||
| Normal Anatomy and Histology | 766 | ||
| Gallbladder | 769 | ||
| Extrahepatic Biliary Tract | 772 | ||
| Pancreas | 774 | ||
| Frozen Sections and Intraoperative Consultation | 778 | ||
| REFERENCES | 781 | ||
| CHAPTER 30: Diagnostic Cytology of the Biliary Tract and Pancreas | 783 | ||
| Cytology of the Pancreas | 784 | ||
| Pancreatic Metastases | 802 | ||
| Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors | 802 | ||
| Acinar Cell Carcinoma | 803 | ||
| Pancreatoblastoma | 804 | ||
| Cytology of the Biliary Tract | 804 | ||
| REFERENCES | 807 | ||
| CHAPTER 31: Developmental Disorders of the Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas | 809 | ||
| Structural Development of the Pancreas | 810 | ||
| Structural Anomalies of the Pancreas | 811 | ||
| Structural Development of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tract | 817 | ||
| Structural Anomalies of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tract | 817 | ||
| Structural Anomalies of the Gallbladder | 820 | ||
| Heterotopias of the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder | 822 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 822 | ||
| REFERENCES | 822 | ||
| CHAPTER 32: Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Tract | 823 | ||
| Gallstones | 824 | ||
| Cholecystitis | 828 | ||
| Helminth Infestation | 835 | ||
| Polyarteritis Nodosa and Other Types of Vasculitis | 836 | ||
| Cholesterolosis | 836 | ||
| Hydrops and Mucocele | 837 | ||
| Diverticular Disease | 837 | ||
| Ischemic Diseases | 838 | ||
| Traumatic Conditions and “Chemical” Cholecystitis | 838 | ||
| Biliary Fistulas | 839 | ||
| Metachromatic Leukodystrophy | 839 | ||
| Inflammatory Disorders of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts | 839 | ||
| AIDS-Related Lesions | 843 | ||
| REFERENCES | 843 | ||
| CHAPTER 33: Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Tract | 845 | ||
| Benign Epithelial Neoplasms | 846 | ||
| Malignant Epithelial Tumors | 857 | ||
| Variants of Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinomas | 865 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Tumors | 870 | ||
| Nonepithelial Tumors | 871 | ||
| Secondary Tumors | 872 | ||
| Pseudoneoplastic Lesions | 872 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 875 | ||
| REFERENCES | 875 | ||
| CHAPTER 34: Inflammatory, Infectious, and Other Non-neoplastic Disorders of the Pancreas | 877 | ||
| Acute Pancreatitis | 878 | ||
| Chronic Pancreatitis | 881 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 898 | ||
| Infectious Diseases of the Pancreas | 899 | ||
| Non-neoplastic Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas | 900 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Abnormalities of the Exocrine Pancreas | 905 | ||
| Age-Related Alterations of the Pancreas | 906 | ||
| REFERENCES | 907 | ||
| CHAPTER 35: Tumors of the Pancreas and Ampulla of Vater | 909 | ||
| Tumors of the Pancreas | 910 | ||
| Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Variants | 913 | ||
| Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia | 922 | ||
| Cystic Tumors | 923 | ||
| Intraductal Neoplasms | 929 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Cystic and Intraductal Lesions | 935 | ||
| Acinar Cell Carcinoma, Pancreatoblastoma, and Related Neoplasms | 936 | ||
| Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms | 939 | ||
| Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm | 944 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Solid Cellular Tumors | 946 | ||
| Mesenchymal and Lymphoid Neoplasms | 947 | ||
| Tumor-Like Lesions | 948 | ||
| Secondary Tumors | 948 | ||
| Tumors of the Ampulla of Vater | 949 | ||
| Gross Evaluation and the Surgical Pathology Report | 960 | ||
| REFERENCES | 960 | ||
| PART 3: Liver | 961 | ||
| CHAPTER 36: Liver Tissue Processing and Normal Histology | 963 | ||
| Liver Biopsy Specimens | 964 | ||
| Liver Resection Specimens | 969 | ||
| Routine and Special Stains | 970 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 971 | ||
| Electron Microscopy | 972 | ||
| Molecular Studies | 975 | ||
| Prognostic and Therapeutic Information from Liver Biopsy Specimens | 977 | ||
| REFERENCES | 978 | ||
| CHAPTER 37: Diagnostic Cytology of the Liver | 979 | ||
| Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 980 | ||
| Guidance Systems | 980 | ||
| Techniques | 981 | ||
| Benign Conditions | 981 | ||
| Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the Liver | 988 | ||
| Metastatic Neoplasms | 996 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1001 | ||
| CHAPTER 38: Acute and Chronic Infectious Hepatitis | 1003 | ||
| Viral Hepatitis | 1004 | ||
| Other Viral Infections of the Liver | 1019 | ||
| Bacterial Infections of the Liver | 1023 | ||
| Fungal Infections of the Liver | 1028 | ||
| Parasitic Infections of the Liver | 1030 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1033 | ||
| CHAPTER 39: Autoimmune and Chronic Cholestatic Disorders of the Liver | 1035 | ||
| Autoimmune Hepatitis | 1036 | ||
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | 1043 | ||
| Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis | 1049 | ||
| Overlap Syndromes | 1054 | ||
| Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis | 1055 | ||
| Ischemic Cholangitis | 1055 | ||
| Miscellaneous Ductopenic Syndromes | 1056 | ||
| Obstructive Cholangitis (Large Duct Obstruction) | 1056 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1058 | ||
| CHAPTER 40: Toxic and Drug-Induced Disorders of the Liver | 1059 | ||
| Introduction | 1060 | ||
| Clinical Features | 1060 | ||
| Prediction of Hepatotoxicity | 1061 | ||
| Prevention of Drug Hepatotoxicity | 1062 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 1062 | ||
| Categories of Toxic Liver Injury | 1063 | ||
| Hepatocellular Injury | 1064 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1086 | ||
| CHAPTER 41: Fatty Liver Disease | 1087 | ||
| Introduction | 1088 | ||
| Alcoholic Liver Disease | 1088 | ||
| Nonalcoholic (Metabolic) Fatty Liver Disease | 1096 | ||
| Co-occurrence of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 1107 | ||
| Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Other Types of Liver Disorders | 1107 | ||
| Fatty Liver Disease in Children | 1108 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis: Alcoholic versus Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 1109 | ||
| Grading and Staging of Fatty Liver Disease | 1109 | ||
| Other Forms of Fatty Liver Disease | 1112 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1114 | ||
| CHAPTER 42: Cirrhosis | 1115 | ||
| Definition | 1116 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 1117 | ||
| Anatomic Classification and Pathology | 1125 | ||
| Etiology | 1134 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1140 | ||
| Diagnostic Pitfalls | 1142 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1145 | ||
| CHAPTER 43: Vascular Disorders of the Liver | 1147 | ||
| Portal Vein Disease (Portal Vein Obstruction) | 1148 | ||
| Hepatic Vein Disease | 1154 | ||
| Sinusoidal Disease | 1159 | ||
| Arterial Disease | 1163 | ||
| Nodular Hyperplasia and Other Tumor-Like Conditions | 1164 | ||
| Fibrotic Conditions with Vascular Pathophysiology | 1166 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1168 | ||
| CHAPTER 44: Transplantation Pathology of the Liver | 1169 | ||
| Information Helpful in Specimen Evaluation | 1170 | ||
| Special Consideration for Specific Specimens | 1171 | ||
| Evaluation of the Donor Liver | 1173 | ||
| Special Considerations for Reduced Size in Living-Related Liver Allografts | 1177 | ||
| Causes of Graft Dysfunction after Transplantation Preservation or Ischemic Injury and Primary Dysfunction | 1177 | ||
| Portal Hyperperfusion or “Small-for-Size” Syndrome | 1180 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 1183 | ||
| Rejection | 1189 | ||
| Bacterial and Fungal Infections | 1199 | ||
| Opportunistic Viral Infections | 1200 | ||
| Late Allograft Dysfunction, Recurrent Disease, and Diseases Induced by Transplantation | 1204 | ||
| Recurrent Disorders of Dysregulated Immunity | 1216 | ||
| Recurrent Toxic and Metabolic Diseases | 1219 | ||
| Recurrent Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis | 1219 | ||
| Idiopathic Post-Transplant Hepatitis | 1220 | ||
| Miscellaneous Nonspecific Long-Term Hepatic Changes after Transplant | 1220 | ||
| Disorders Related to Minimization of Immunosuppression | 1220 | ||
| Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxic Injury | 1222 | ||
| Hepatic Effects of Bone Marrow Transplantation | 1223 | ||
| Liver Pathology after Transplantation of Other Solid Organs | 1229 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1229 | ||
| CHAPTER 45: Liver Pathology in Pregnancy | 1231 | ||
| Introduction | 1232 | ||
| Laboratory and Histologic Changes in Pregnancy | 1232 | ||
| Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy | 1233 | ||
| Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy | 1235 | ||
| Preeclampsia/Eclampsia | 1237 | ||
| HELLP Syndrome | 1239 | ||
| Hepatic Rupture | 1240 | ||
| Hyperemesis Gravidarum | 1241 | ||
| Hepatitis E Infection | 1241 | ||
| Herpesvirus Infections | 1242 | ||
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome | 1243 | ||
| Concluding Remarks | 1243 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1243 | ||
| CHAPTER 46: Pediatric Liver Disease and Inherited, Metabolic, and Developmental Disorders of the Pediatric and Adult Liver | 1245 | ||
| Pediatric Liver Biopsies | 1246 | ||
| Liver Diseases of Infancy | 1249 | ||
| Inherited and Metabolic Diseases of Adolescent Children and Adults | 1277 | ||
| Abnormal Development of the Biliary Tract | 1285 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1290 | ||
| CHAPTER 47: Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Liver | 1291 | ||
| Tumor Resection Specimens: Reporting | 1292 | ||
| Biopsy Samples: Special Considerations | 1293 | ||
| Hepatocellular Tumors* | 1293 | ||
| Bile Duct Tumors | 1308 | ||
| Mesenchymal Tumors | 1313 | ||
| Pediatric Neoplasms | 1319 | ||
| Hematopoietic Malignancies | 1323 | ||
| Other Benign Lesions or Neoplasms | 1323 | ||
| Other Malignant Tumors | 1323 | ||
| Metastatic Neoplasms: Approach to Diagnosis | 1323 | ||
| Tips on Frozen Section Technique | 1324 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1325 | ||
| Index | 1327 |