Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Covering the ratio and proportion method of drug calculations, Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice, 9th Edition provides clear, step-by-step explanations and concise examples to ensure safety and accuracy. Unique to this book, a "proof" step in the answer key lets you double-check your calculation results to avoid medication errors. Safety is also addressed through the inclusion of Quality & Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) information and with features such as Clinical Alerts and High Alert drug icons calling attention to situations in actual practice that have resulted in drug errors. Written by Meta Brown Seltzer and Joyce Mulholland, this text includes extensive hands-on practice with calculation problems, critical thinking exercises, worksheets, and assessment tests. And to boost your proficiency, a companion Evolve website adds more than 600 additional practice problems.
- The ratio and proportion method provides a logical, accurate, and consistent method of drug calculation.
- Step-by-step format for each problem includes a unique "proof" step in the answer key to ensure that you understand the solution.
- Clinical Alerts highlight potential and common drug calculation errors.
- Critical thinking exercises help you apply analytical skills and drug calculations to clinical practice.
- A patient safety chapter enhances your understanding of drug labels, medication administration forms, and physician's order forms.
- Over 1,100 practice problems offer the extensive practice you need to become proficient in drug calculations.
- Multiple-choice worksheets within each chapter help you prepare for the NCLEX examination.
- Worksheets follow each chapter section for additional practice and application of drug calculations.
- Chapter Finals and a Comprehensive Final let you evaluate your mastery of drug calculations.
- Current recommendations from The Joint Commission and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices help reduce medication errors and promote patient safety.
- Quality & Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) information highlights ways to reduce medication errors.
- A high-risk medication icon calls attention to medications that have the most potential to cause harm to patients.
- Updated, full-color drug labels and equipment photos (including pumps and IV equipment) show what you will encounter in the clinical setting.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
DRUG CALCULATIONS: RATIO AND PROPORTION PROBLEMS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE, Ninth Edition | v | ||
Copyright page | vi | ||
Reviewers | vii | ||
Preface to Instructors | ix | ||
Acknowledgments | xi | ||
Preface to Students | xiii | ||
Table of Contents | xv | ||
General Mathematics Self-Assessment | 1 | ||
1 General Mathematics | 3 | ||
Fractions | 3 | ||
Changing Improper Fractions to Whole or Mixed Numbers | 4 | ||
Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions | 4 | ||
Finding a Common Denominator for Two or More Fractions | 5 | ||
Changing Fractions to Equivalent Fractions | 6 | ||
Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms | 6 | ||
Addition of Fractions and Mixed Numbers | 7 | ||
Subtraction of Fractions and Mixed Numbers | 8 | ||
Multiplication of Fractions and Mixed Numbers | 10 | ||
Division of Fractions and Mixed Numbers | 10 | ||
Value of Fractions | 11 | ||
Value of Decimals | 12 | ||
Comparison of Decimals | 12 | ||
Rounding Decimals | 13 | ||
Addition of Decimals | 16 | ||
Subtraction of Decimals | 17 | ||
Multiplication of Decimals | 17 | ||
Division of Decimals | 18 | ||
Changing Decimals to Fractions | 20 | ||
Changing Common Fractions to Decimals | 21 | ||
Percentages, Decimals, and Fractions | 21 | ||
2 Ratio and Proportion | 31 | ||
Ratio | 31 | ||
Proportion | 32 | ||
Setting Up Ratios and Proportions | 34 | ||
3 Safe Medication Administration | 41 | ||
Patient Rights | 41 | ||
Abbreviations | 43 | ||
Medication Delivery | 48 | ||
Medication Labels | 51 | ||
24-Hour Clock | 55 | ||
Physician’s Orders | 56 | ||
Understanding Medication Administration Records (MAR) | 57 | ||
Summary of Safe Medication Administration Practices | 62 | ||
4 Drug Measurements and Oral Dose Calculations | 71 | ||
Metric System | 71 | ||
Metric Equivalents | 72 | ||
Rounding Medication Doses | 74 | ||
One-Step Metric Ratio and Proportion Calculations | 76 | ||
Identifying Units and Milliequivalents in Medication Dosages | 78 | ||
Comparing Metric Unit Doses and Orders | 78 | ||
Two-Step Metric Ratio and Proportion Calculations | 83 | ||
Comparing Metric and Household Measurements | 91 | ||
5 Injectable Medication Calculations | 99 | ||
Measuring and Reading Amounts in a Syringe | 99 | ||
Parenteral Routes | 103 | ||
Intradermal (ID) Injections | 103 | ||
Subcutaneous (subcut) Injections | 103 | ||
Intramuscular (IM) Injections | 103 | ||
Needle Sizes | 106 | ||
Safety Issues | 106 | ||
6 Medications from Powders and Crystals: Oral and Intramuscular | 119 | ||
Measuring Liquid Medications | 119 | ||
Reconstitution: Medication Labels | 121 | ||
Reconstituting Medications for Parenteral Use | 126 | ||
Diluting Powders or Crystals in Vials | 127 | ||
7 Basic Intravenous Therapy Calculations | 149 | ||
IV Infusions | 149 | ||
Types of IV Lines | 150 | ||
IV Calculations | 151 | ||
Abbreviations for Common IV Solutions | 158 | ||
Percentage of Solute in IV Bags | 161 | ||
IV Delivery Sets | 169 | ||
8 Advanced Intravenous Calculations | 181 | ||
Advanced IV Calculations | 181 | ||
Titrated Infusions | 182 | ||
New High Technology Infusion Devices Called “Smart Pumps” | 184 | ||
Direct IV (Bolus) Administration with a Syringe | 193 | ||
9 Parenteral Nutrition | 205 | ||
Total Parenteral Nutrition | 205 | ||
10 Insulin Administration | 223 | ||
Insulin | 223 | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | 223 | ||
Injection Sites | 224 | ||
Types of Insulin | 225 | ||
Types of U-100 Insulins | 229 | ||
Insulin Syringes | 231 | ||
Insulin Orders | 232 | ||
Mixing Insulin | 237 | ||
Sliding-Scale Calculations | 241 | ||
Insulin Infusion Devices | 242 | ||
Insulin Dosage Based on Carbohydrate Intake | 243 | ||
Estimating Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio | 247 | ||
IV Insulin | 249 | ||
Oral Diabetes Medications | 251 | ||
11 Anticoagulants | 257 | ||
Injectable Anticoagulants | 257 | ||
IV Heparin | 266 | ||
Oral Anticoagulants | 271 | ||
12 Children’s Dosages | 277 | ||
Dosages based on Body Weight and Surface Area | 277 | ||
mg/kg Method (Weight-Based Dosing) | 278 | ||
BSA Method (mg/m²) | 281 | ||
Children’s IV Medications: Reconstitution, Dilution, and Flow Rate Information | 291 | ||
Multiple-Choice Final | 309 | ||
Comprehensive Final | 321 | ||
APPENDIX A 5 Minute Sample Verbal Communication Hand-off Report | 333 | ||
APPENDIX B ISMP’s List of High-Alert Medications | 335 | ||
Answer Key | 337 | ||
Index | 441 |