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Book Details
Abstract
Learn the essential concepts of pathophysiology and stay up to date on treatments, manifestations, and mechanisms of disease with Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th Edition. Filled with vibrant illustrations and complemented by online resources that bring pathophysiology concepts to life, this easy-to-read text delivers the latest, most accurate information on the disease process across the lifespan, giving you the fundamental knowledge you need to move forward in your nursing education.
- Consistent presentation helps you better distinguish pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment for each disease.
- More than 1,000 high-quality illustrations vividly depict clinical manifestations and cellular mechanisms underlying diseases.
- Lifespan coverage details age-specific conditions affecting pediatric, adult, and aging patients in great depth.
- Algorithms throughout the text clarify disease progression.
- Risk Factor boxes alert you to important safety considerations associated with specific diseases.
- Health Alert boxes highlight new developments in biologic research, diagnostic studies, preventive care, treatments, and more.
- Quick Check boxes test your retention of important chapter concepts.
- Did You Understand? sections provide fast, efficient review of chapter content.
- Chapter outlines help you find specific information with ease.
- Chapter introductions explain why chapter content is important and how it fits into a broader health care context.
- Key terms are bolded throughout the text for fast, easy reference.
- Glossary of selected terms familiarizes you with the most difficult or important terminology.
- Companion Evolve website provides convenient online access to animations, review questions, key terms matching exercises, and more.
- NEW! Extensively updated content reflects the latest clinical findings and research across the full spectrum of pathophysiology.
- NEW! Hundreds of new and enhanced full-color illustrations clarify anatomy and physiologic concepts.
- NEW! 30 new animations on the companion Evolve website reinforce your understanding of complex processes.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC\r | IFC | ||
| Understanding Pathophysiology | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contributors* | v | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| ORGANIZATION AND CONTENT: WHAT’SNEW IN THE FIFTH EDITION | ix | ||
| FEATURES TO PROMOTE LEARNING | x | ||
| ART PROGRAM | x | ||
| TEACHING/LEARNING PACKAGE | x | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | x | ||
| Introduction to Pathophysiology | xiii | ||
| Contents | xv | ||
| PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OFPATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 1 | ||
| UNIT 1: THE CELL | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Cellular Biology | 1 | ||
| PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES | 1 | ||
| CELLULAR FUNCTIONS | 2 | ||
| CELL-TO-CELL ADHESIONS | 8 | ||
| CELLULAR METABOLISM | 13 | ||
| CELLULAR REPRODUCTION: THE CELL CYCLE | 22 | ||
| TISSUES | 24 | ||
| REFERENCES | 33 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Genes and Genetic Diseases | 34 | ||
| DNA, RNA, AND PROTEINS: HEREDITY AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL | 35 | ||
| CHROMOSOMES | 38 | ||
| ELEMENTS OF FORMAL GENETICS | 46 | ||
| TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC DISEASES | 47 | ||
| LINKAGE ANALYSIS AND GENE MAPPING | 53 | ||
| MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE | 55 | ||
| REFERENCES | 58 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology | 59 | ||
| CELLULAR ADAPTATION | 60 | ||
| CELLULAR INJURY | 62 | ||
| CELLULAR DEATH | 85 | ||
| SOMATIC DEATH | 93 | ||
| REFERENCES | 96 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases | 98 | ||
| DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS | 98 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN WATER MOVEMENT | 100 | ||
| SODIUM, CHLORIDE, AND WATER BALANCE | 102 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN SODIUM, WATER, AND CHLORIDE BALANCE | 103 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN POTASSIUM AND OTHER ELECTROLYTES | 106 | ||
| ACID-BASE BALANCE | 109 | ||
| REFERENCES | 116 | ||
| UNIT 2: MECHANISMS OF SELF-DEFENSE | 118 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing | 118 | ||
| HUMAN DEFENSE MECHANISMS | 118 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNITY | 119 | ||
| ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION | 132 | ||
| WOUND HEALING | 134 | ||
| REFERENCES | 140 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Adaptive Immunity | 142 | ||
| THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY | 142 | ||
| ANTIGENS AND IMMUNOGENS | 144 | ||
| HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE | 146 | ||
| CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY | 152 | ||
| IMMUNE RESPONSE: COLLABORATION OF B CELLS AND T CELLS | 152 | ||
| REFERENCES | 164 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense | 165 | ||
| INFECTION | 165 | ||
| DEFICIENCIES IN IMMUNITY | 178 | ||
| REFERENCES | 202 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Stress and Disease | 204 | ||
| THE STRESS RESPONSE | 209 | ||
| STRESS, PERSONALITY, COPING, AND ILLNESS | 216 | ||
| REFERENCES | 220 | ||
| UNIT 3: CELLULAR PROLIFERATION: CANCER | 222 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer | 222 | ||
| CANCER TERMINOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS | 222 | ||
| THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER CELLS | 227 | ||
| CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS | 241 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER | 243 | ||
| REFERENCES | 251 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Cancer Epidemiology | 253 | ||
| GENES, ENVIRONMENTAL-LIFESTYLE FACTORS,AND RISK FACTORS | 253 | ||
| REFERENCES | 283 | ||
| Chapter 11 Cancer in Children | 288 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND TYPES OF CHILDHOOD CANCER | 288 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 289 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 291 | ||
| REFERENCES | 292 | ||
| PART 2: BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES | 293 | ||
| UNIT 4: THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM | 293 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Structure and Function of the Neurologic System | 293 | ||
| OVERVIEW AND ORGANIZATIONOF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 293 | ||
| CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 293 | ||
| THE NERVE IMPULSE | 297 | ||
| THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 299 | ||
| THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 311 | ||
| THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 313 | ||
| REFERENCES | 323 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function | 324 | ||
| PAIN | 324 | ||
| TEMPERATURE REGULATION | 330 | ||
| SLEEP | 333 | ||
| THE SPECIAL SENSES | 335 | ||
| SOMATOSENSORY FUNCTION | 341 | ||
| REFERENCES | 345 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function | 347 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN COGNITIVE SYSTEMS | 347 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS | 361 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN NEUROMOTOR FUNCTION | 364 | ||
| EXTRAPYRAMIDAL MOTOR SYNDROMES | 373 | ||
| REFERENCES | 376 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction | 377 | ||
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS | 377 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 400 | ||
| REFERENCES | 407 | ||
| Chapter 16 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children | 409 | ||
| NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THENERVOUS SYSTEM | 409 | ||
| STRUCTURAL MALFORMATIONS | 410 | ||
| ENCEPHALOPATHIES | 415 | ||
| CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDREN | 419 | ||
| TUMORS | 419 | ||
| REFERENCES | 424 | ||
| UNIT 5: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM | 426 | ||
| Chapter 17 - MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION | 426 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL REGULATION | 426 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS | 431 | ||
| REFERENCES | 446 | ||
| Chapter 18 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation | 447 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF HORMONAL ALTERATIONS | 447 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF THYROID FUNCTION | 453 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF PARATHYROID FUNCTION | 457 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF ADRENAL FUNCTION | 469 | ||
| REFERENCES | 475 | ||
| UNIT 6: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM | 477 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Structure and Function of the Hematologic System | 477 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM | 477 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD CELLS | 483 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF HEMOSTASIS | 489 | ||
| PEDIATRICS & HEMATOLOGIC VALUE CHANGES | 496 | ||
| REFERENCES | 499 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Alterations of Hematologic Function | 500 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF ERYTHROCYTE FUNCTION | 500 | ||
| MYELOPROLIFERATIVE RED CELL DISORDERS | 506 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION | 508 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF LYMPHOID FUNCTION | 515 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF SPLENIC FUNCTION | 521 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF PLATELETS AND COAGULATION | 523 | ||
| REFERENCES | 533 | ||
| Chapter 21 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children | 535 | ||
| DISORDERS OF ERYTHROCYTES | 535 | ||
| DISORDERS OF COAGULATION AND PLATELETS | 544 | ||
| NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS | 546 | ||
| REFERENCES | 550 | ||
| UNIT 7: THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND\rLYMPHATIC SYSTEMS | 551 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems | 551 | ||
| THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | 551 | ||
| THE HEART | 551 | ||
| THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION | 567 | ||
| THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | 579 | ||
| REFERENCES | 584 | ||
| Chapter 23 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function | 585 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE VEINS | 585 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE ARTERIES | 587 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE HEART WALL | 609 | ||
| MANIFESTATIONS OF HEART DISEASE | 619 | ||
| SHOCK | 627 | ||
| REFERENCES | 640 | ||
| Chapter 24 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children | 643 | ||
| CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 643 | ||
| ACQUIRED CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS | 654 | ||
| REFERENCES | 658 | ||
| UNIT 8: THE PULMONARY SYSTEM | 659 | ||
| Chapter 25 - Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System | 659 | ||
| STRUCTURES OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM | 659 | ||
| FUNCTION OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM | 663 | ||
| REFERENCES | 677 | ||
| Chapter 26 - Alterations of Pulmonary Function | 678 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PULMONARY ALTERATIONS | 678 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL AND PLEURA | 682 | ||
| PULMONARY DISORDERS | 684 | ||
| REFERENCES | 705 | ||
| Chapter 27 - Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children | 707 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE UPPER AIRWAYS | 707 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE LOWER AIRWAYS | 710 | ||
| SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME | 720 | ||
| REFERENCES | 722 | ||
| UNIT 9: THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS | 724 | ||
| Chapter 28 - Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems | 724 | ||
| STRUCTURES OF THE RENAL SYSTEM | 724 | ||
| RENAL BLOOD FLOW | 729 | ||
| KIDNEY FUNCTION | 731 | ||
| TEST OF RENAL FUNCTION | 736 | ||
| REFERENCES | 740 | ||
| Chapter 29 - Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function | 741 | ||
| URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION | 741 | ||
| URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 747 | ||
| GLOMERULAR DISORDERS | 750 | ||
| ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY | 754 | ||
| CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 756 | ||
| REFERENCES | 762 | ||
| Chapter 30 Alterations of Renal and UrinaryTract Function in Children | 764 | ||
| STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES | 764 | ||
| GLOMERULAR DISORDERS | 766 | ||
| BLADDER DISORDERS | 768 | ||
| NEPHROBLASTOMA | 769 | ||
| URINARY INCONTINENCE | 770 | ||
| REFERENCES | 772 | ||
| UNIT 10: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS | 774 | ||
| Chapter 31 - Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems | 774 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS | 774 | ||
| THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 777 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BREAST | 787 | ||
| THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 789 | ||
| REFERENCES | 797 | ||
| Chapter 32 Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections | 799 | ||
| ALTERATIONS OF SEXUAL MATURATION | 799 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 801 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | 819 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE BREAST | 838 | ||
| SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS | 856 | ||
| BACTERIAL SOURCES | 860 | ||
| VIRAL SOURCES | 861 | ||
| REFERENCES | 864 | ||
| UNIT 11: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | 871 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Structure and Function of the Digestive System | 871 | ||
| THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 871 | ||
| ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTION | 883 | ||
| REFERENCES | 893 | ||
| Chapter 34 Alterations of Digestive Function | 894 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 894 | ||
| CANCER OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | 925 | ||
| REFERENCES | 934 | ||
| Chapter 35 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children | 938 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 938 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE LIVER | 948 | ||
| REFERENCES | 952 | ||
| UNIT 12: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL\rAND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS | 954 | ||
| Chapter 36 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System | 954 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BONES | 954 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF JOINTS | 962 | ||
| REFERENCES | 977 | ||
| Chapter 37 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function | 978 | ||
| MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES | 978 | ||
| DISORDERS OF BONES | 987 | ||
| DISORDERS OF JOINTS | 996 | ||
| DISORDERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE | 1007 | ||
| MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS | 1013 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 38 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children | 1022 | ||
| CONGENITAL DEFECTS | 1022 | ||
| BONE INFECTION | 1026 | ||
| JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS | 1027 | ||
| OSTEOCHONDROSES | 1027 | ||
| SCOLIOSIS | 1029 | ||
| MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY | 1030 | ||
| MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS | 1033 | ||
| NONACCIDENTAL TRAUMA | 1035 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1037 | ||
| Chapter 39 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument | 1038 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN | 1038 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE SKIN | 1048 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE HAIR | 1065 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE NAIL | 1065 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1067 | ||
| Chapter 40 - Alterations of the Integument in Children | 1070 | ||
| ACNE VULGARIS | 1070 | ||
| DERMATITIS | 1071 | ||
| INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN | 1072 | ||
| INSECT BITES AND PARASITES | 1077 | ||
| OTHER SKIN DISORDERS | 1080 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1082 | ||
| APPENDIX - A Most Common Laboratory Values | 1083 | ||
| Glossary* | 1085 | ||
| Index | 1100 | ||
| IBC | IBC1 |