BOOK
Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests - E-Book
Kathleen Deska Pagana | Timothy J. Pagana
(2009)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Widely used in both academic and clinical settings, this comprehensive resource provides clear, concise coverage of more than 700 of the most commonly performed diagnostic and laboratory tests — including 30 new to this edition. Chapters are organized by test type and begin with a list of the tests covered, followed by a test type overview with specimen collection techniques. Tests are presented in a consistent format with normal findings, indications, test explanation, procedure and patient care, and test results and clinical significance, as well as any applicable contraindications, potential complications, interfering factors, and related tests.
- A full-color design and 127 photographs and illustrations depict procedures, equipment, techniques, and key concepts.
- Provides comprehensive coverage of more than 700 diagnostic and laboratory tests routinely performed today.
- UNIQUE! Test Results and Clinical Significance sections explain pathophysiology and how test results may indicate certain disease processes.
- Color-coded thumb-tabs, alphabetically organized chapters, and two appendixes that list all tests — one in alphabetical order and the other organized by body system — make every test easy to find.
- Critical Values alert you to situations requiring immediate intervention.
- UNIQUE! Related Tests sections list tests that provide similar information or are used to evaluate the same body system, disease process, or symptom.
- UNIQUE! Clinical Priorities boxes emphasize information that must be kept in mind when preparing a patient for testing, performing a test, and evaluating results.
- UNIQUE! An icon for drug-related Interfering Factors alerts you to the effects of pharmacologic agents on tests.
- A patient teaching icon indicates information that should be shared with patients and their families.
- Home Care Responsibilities boxes provide important patient teaching guidelines and instructions for patients outside the acute care setting.
- UNIQUE! Age-Related Concerns boxes address the special needs of pediatric and geriatric patients and critical age-related variations in values.
- SI units are included in the Normal Findings section of appropriate tests.
- Convenient lists of disease and organ panels, test abbreviations, and tests by body system offer quick access to frequently referenced information.
- A comprehensive index includes the names of all tests and their synonyms, as well as other relevant terms found within test entries for quick access in the clinical setting.
- Completely updated content with 30 new tests, including ductoscopy, thyroglobulin, lactoferrin, and human papillomavirus.
- New full-color photographs and enhanced illustrations clarify key concepts and demonstrate testing techniques.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover\r | Cover | ||
| TYPICAL ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT | IFC-01 | ||
| MANUAL OF DIAGNOSTIC AND LABORATORY TESTS\r | iii | ||
| Evolve Page\r | ii | ||
| Copyright\r | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| CHAPTER 1\rGuidelines for Proper Test Preparation and Performance | 1 | ||
| Overview | 2 | ||
| CHAPTER 2\rBlood Studies | 9 | ||
| Overview | 13 | ||
| Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody (AChR Ab, Anti-Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody) | 22 | ||
| Acid Phosphatase (Prostatic Acid Phosphatase [PAP], Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase [TRARAP]) | 24 | ||
| Activated Clotting Time (ACT, ActivatedCoagulation Time) | 26 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH, Corticotropin) | 28 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic HormoneStimulation (ACTH Stimulation With Cosyntropin,Cortisol Stimulation) | 31 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation With Metyrapone (Metyrapone, ACTH StimulationWith Metyrapone) | 34 | ||
| Agglutinin, Febrile/Cold | 36 | ||
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALALT, formerly Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT]) | 38 | ||
| Aldolase | 40 | ||
| Aldosterone | 42 | ||
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALALP) | 46 | ||
| Allergy Blood Testing (IgE Antibody Test, Radioallergosorbent test [RARAST]) | 49 | ||
| Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAAAT, A1AT, AAAAT phenotyping) | 52 | ||
| Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFAFP, Alpha1-Fetoprotein) | 54 | ||
| Amino Acid Profiles (Amino Acid Screen) | 56 | ||
| Ammonia | 58 | ||
| Amylase, Blood | 60 | ||
| Androstenediones (Androstenedione [AD], Dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA S])\r | 62 | ||
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE, Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme [SACE]) | 64 | ||
| Anion Gap (AG, R factor)\r | 66 | ||
| Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA, aCL Antibodies) | 68 | ||
| Anticentromere Antibody(Centromere Antibody) | 70 | ||
| Antichromatin Antibody (Antinucleosome Antibodies [Anti-NCS], Antihistone Antibody [Anti-HST, AHA]) | 71 | ||
| Anticyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody, CCP IgG, Anti-CCP) | 72 | ||
| Antideoxyribonuclease-B Titer (Anti-DNase-B [ADB], ADNase-B) | 74 | ||
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, Vasopressin, Arginine Vasopressin [AVP]) | 75 | ||
| Antidiuretic Hormone Suppression(ADH Suppression, Water Load) | 78 | ||
| Anti-DNA Antibody (Antideoxyribonucleic Acid Antibodies, Antibody to Double-Stranded DNA, Anti–Double-Stranded DNA [Anti–ds-DNA], DNA Antibody, Native Double-Stranded DNA) | 80 | ||
| Antiextractable Nuclear Antigen (Anti-ENA, Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens, Anti–Jo-1 [Antihistidyl Transfer Synthase], Antiribonucleoprotein[Anti-RNP], Anti-Smith [Anti-SM]) | 82 | ||
| Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibody (Anti-GBM Antibody, AGBM, Glomerular Basement Antibody, Goodpasture’s Antibody) | 83 | ||
| Anti–Liver/Kidney Microsomal Antibody (Anti-LKM Antibody) | 85 | ||
| Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA) | 86 | ||
| Antimyocardial Antibody (AMA) | 87 | ||
| Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) | 88 | ||
| Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) | 90 | ||
| Anti—Parietal Cell Antibody (APCPCA) | 94 | ||
| Antiscleroderma Antibody (Scl-70 Antibody, Scleroderma Antibody) | 95 | ||
| Anti—Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA) | 96 | ||
| Antispermatozoal Antibody (Sperm Agglutination and Inhibition, Sperm Antibodies, Antisperm Antibodies, Infertility Screen) | 98 | ||
| Anti—SS-A (Ro), Anti—SS-B (La), and Anti—SS–C Antibody (Anti-Ro, Anti-La, Sjögren Antibodies) | 100 | ||
| Antistreptolysin O Titer (ASO Titer) | 101 | ||
| Antithrombin III (AT-III, Functional Antithrombin III Assay, Heparin Cofactor, Immunologic Antithrombin III,Serine Protease Inhibitor)\r | 103 | ||
| Antithyroglobulin Antibody (Thyroid Autoantibody, Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibody, Thyroglobulin Antibody) | 105 | ||
| Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibody(Anti-TPO, TPO-Ab, Antithyroid Microsomal Antibody,Thyroid Autoantibody) | 108 | ||
| Apolipoproteins (Apolipoprotein A-I[Apo A-I], Apolipoprotein B [Apo B], Lipoprotein [a][Lp(a)], Apolipoprotein E [Apo E]) | 110 | ||
| Arterial Blood Gases (Blood Gases, ABG) | 114 | ||
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, \rFormerly Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT]) | 125 | ||
| Beta2 Microglobulin (β2M)\r | 128 | ||
| Bilirubin\r | 130 | ||
| Blood Typing\r | 135 | ||
| CA 19-9 Tumor Marker (Cancer \rAntigen 19-9) | 140 | ||
| CA 15-3 and CA 27.29 Tumor Marker \r(Cancer Antigen 15-3, Cancer Antigen 27.29) | 141 | ||
| CA-125 Tumor Marker (Cancer \rAntigen-125) | 143 | ||
| Calcitonin (Human Calcitonin [HCT], \rThyrocalcitonin) | 146 | ||
| Calcium, Blood (Total/Ionized \rCalcium, Ca) | 148 | ||
| Carbon Dioxide Content (CO2 \rContent, CO2-Combining Power, Bicarbonate [HCO3–]) | 152 | ||
| Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb, Carbon \rMonoxide [CO]) | 154 | ||
| Carcinoembryonic Antigen (cea)\r | 156 | ||
| Cell Surface Immunophenotyping \r(Flow Cytometry Cell Surface Immunophenotyping, Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping, AIDS T-Lymphocyte Cell markers, CD4 Marker, CD4/CD8 Ratio, CD4 Percentage) | 158 | ||
| Ceruloplasmin (Cp)\r | 162 | ||
| Chloride, Blood (Cl)\r | 164 | ||
| Cholesterol\r | 166 | ||
| Cholinesterase (CHS, \rPseudocholinesterase, Cholinesterase RBC, Red Cell Cholinesterase, Acetylcholinesterase, Dibucaine Inhibition) | 171 | ||
| Chromosome Karyotype (Blood \rChromosome Analysis, Chromosome Studies, Cytogenetics, Karyotype) | 171 | ||
| Coagulating Factor Concentration \r(Factor Assay, Coagulating Factors, Blood-Clotting Factors) | 176 | ||
| Complement Assay (C3 and C4 \rComplement) | 183 | ||
| Complete Blood Cell Count and \rDifferential Count (CBC and Diff) | 185 | ||
| Coombs Test, Direct (Direct \rAntiglobulin Test [DAT]) | 186 | ||
| Coombs Test, Indirect (Blood Antibody \rScreening, Indirect Antiglobulin Test [IAT]) | 188 | ||
| Cortisol, Blood (Hydrocortisone, \rSerum Cortisol) | 190 | ||
| Cotinine\r | 193 | ||
| C-Peptide (Connecting Peptide Insulin, \rInsulin C-Peptide, Proinsulin C-Peptide) | 195 | ||
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP, High-\rSensitivity C-Reactive Protein [hs-CRP]) | 197 | ||
| Creatine Kinase (CK, Creatine \rPhosphokinase [CPK]) | 199 | ||
| Creatinine, Blood (Serum Creatinine)\r | 204 | ||
| Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)\r | 206 | ||
| Cryoglobulin\r | 210 | ||
| Cytokines\r | 211 | ||
| d-Dimer (Fragment d-dimer, Fibrin degradation product [Fdp]) | 215 | ||
| Dexamethasone Suppression (DS , Prolonged/Rapid DS , Cortisol Suppress ion, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone[ACTH] Suppress ion) | 217 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus Autoantibody Panel(Insulin Autoantibody [IAA ], Isl et Cell Antibody [ICA], Gl utamicAcid Decarboxylase Antibody [GAD Ab]) | 220 | ||
| 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG in Erythrocytes) | 222 | ||
| Disseminated Intravascular CoagulationScreening (DI C Screening) | 224 | ||
| Drug Monitoring (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [TD M]) | 226 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus Titer (EBV) | 230 | ||
| Erythrocyte Fragility (Os motic Fragility [OF], RedBlood Cell Fragility) | 232 | ||
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR ,Sed Rate Test) | 234 | ||
| Erythropoietin (EPO ) | 236 | ||
| Estrogen Fraction (Es triol Excretion, Es tradiol, Es trone) | 238 | ||
| Ethanol (Ethyl Al cohol, Blood Al cohol, Blood EtOH) | 242 | ||
| Factor V-Leiden (FVL, Mutation Analysis) | 244 | ||
| Ferritin | 246 | ||
| Fetal Hemoglobin Testing (Kleihauer-Betke Test) | 249 | ||
| Fetal Scalp Blood pH (Fetal OxygenSaturation Monitoring) | 251 | ||
| Fibrinogen (Factor I, Quantitative Fibrinogen) | 253 | ||
| Folic Acid (Folate) | 255 | ||
| Fungal Antibody Tests (Anti-Fungal Antibodies) | 257 | ||
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP ,g-GTP , Gamma-Gl utamyl Transferase [GGT ]) | 259 | ||
| Gastrin | 261 | ||
| Gliadin Antibodies (Endomysial Antibodies, Tiss ueTransglutaminase Antibodies) | 263 | ||
| Glucagon | 265 | ||
| Glucose, Blood (Blood Sugar, Fasting Blood Sugar[FBS]) | 267 | ||
| Glucose, Postprandial (2-Hour PostprandialGl ucose [2-Hour PPG ], 2-Hour Postprandial Blood Sugar,1-Hour Gl ucose Screen for Gestational Diabetes Mell itus,O’Sull ivan Test) | 270 | ||
| Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase(G-6-PD Screen) | 273 | ||
| Glucose Tolerance (GT , Oral Gl ucose Tolerance [OGT ]) | 275 | ||
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb, GHB,Gl ycohemoglobin, Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], Diabetic ControlIndex, Gl ycated Protein) | 280 | ||
| Growth Hormone (GH, Human Growth Hormone [HGH],Somatotropin Hormone [SH]) | 283 | ||
| Growth Hormone Stimulation (GH Provocation,Insulin Tolerance [IT ], Arginine) | 286 | ||
| Haptoglobin | 289 | ||
| Heinz Body Preparation | 291 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori Antibodies Test(Campylobacter pylori, Anti–Helicobacter pyloriImmunoglobulin G [IgG] Antibody, Campylobacter-LikeOrganism [CLO ] Test, Rapid Urease Test, H. pylori Stool Test) | 292 | ||
| Hematocrit (Hct, Packed Red Blood Cell Volume, PackedCell Volume [PCV]) | 295 | ||
| Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb) | 299 | ||
| Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (HgbEl ectrophoresis) | 303 | ||
| Hepatitis Virus Studies (Hepatitis-Ass ociatedAntigen [HAA ], Australian Antigen) | 305 | ||
| Hexosaminidase (Hexosaminidase A, \rHex A, Total Hexosaminidase, Hexosaminidase A and B) | 310 | ||
| HIV Serology (AIDS Serology, \rAcquired Immunodeficiency Serology, AIDS Screen, Human Immune deficiency Virus [HIV] Antibody Test, Western Blot Test, p24 Antigen Capture Assay) | 312 | ||
| HIV Viral Load (HIV RNA)\r | 316 | ||
| HLA-B27 Antigen (Human \rLymphocyte Antigen B27, Human Leukocyte A Antigen, White Blood Cell Antigens, Histocompatibility Leukocyte A Antigen) | 318 | ||
| Homocysteine (HCY)\r | 320 | ||
| Human Placental Lactogen ([hPL], \rHuman Chorionic Somatomammotropin [HCS]) | 323 | ||
| Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus \r([HTLV] I/II Antibody) | 325 | ||
| Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE)\r | 326 | ||
| Immunoglobulin Electrophoresis \r(Gamma Globulin Electrophoresis) | 328 | ||
| Insulin Assay\r | 332 | ||
| Intrinsic Factor Antibody (IF ab)\r | 334 | ||
| Iron Level (Fe), Total Iron-Binding \rCapacity (TIBC), Transferrin, Transferrin Saturation | 336 | ||
| Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA)\r | 340 | ||
| Lactic Acid (Lactate)\r | 341 | ||
| Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH, Lactic \rDehydrogenase) | 343 | ||
| Lactoferrin\r | 347 | ||
| Lactose Tolerance\r | 348 | ||
| Legionnaires’ Disease Antibody\r | 351 | ||
| Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP, \rAminopeptidase Cytosol) | 353 | ||
| Lipase\r | 354 | ||
| Lipoproteins (High-Density \rLipoproteins [HDL, HDL-C] Low-Density Lipoproteins [LDL, LDL-C], Very Low–Density Lipoproteins [VLDL], Lipoprotein Electrophoresis, Lipoprotein Phenotyping, Lipid Fractionation, Non-HDL Cholesterol) | 356 | ||
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH, Lutropin) \rand Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Assay | 363 | ||
| Lyme Disease\r | 366 | ||
| Magnesium (Mg)\r | 368 | ||
| Maternal Screen Testing (Maternal \rTriple Screen, Maternal Quadruple Screen) | 370 | ||
| Metanephrine, Plasma Free\r | 373 | ||
| Methemoglobin (Hemoglobin M)\r | 375 | ||
| Mononucleosis Spot (Mononuclear \rHeterophil, Heterophil Antibody, Monospot) | 377 | ||
| Myoglobin\r | 378 | ||
| Natriuretic Peptides (Atrial Natriuretic \rPeptide [ANP], Brain Natriuretic Peptide [BNP], C-type Natriuretic Peptide [CNP], B type Natriuretic Peptide [BNP], Ventricular Natriuretic Peptide, CHF Peptides) | 380 | ||
| Neutrophil Antibody Screen \r(Granulocyte Antibodies, Polymorphonucleocyte Antibodies [PMN ab], Antigranulocyte Antibodies, Antineutrophil Antibodies, Neutrophil Antibodies) | 382 | ||
| Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated \rLipocalin (NGAL, Lipocalin-2) | 384 | ||
| Newborn Metabolic Screening\r | 386 | ||
| 5'-Nucleotidase\r | 389 | ||
| Osmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality)\r | 391 | ||
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH, \rParathormone) | 393 | ||
| Partial Thromboplastin Time, Activated \r(APTT, Partial Thromboplastin Time [PTT]) | 396 | ||
| Parvovirus B19 Antibody\r | 399 | ||
| Pheochromocytoma Suppression and \rProvocative Testing (Clonidine suppression test [CST], Glucagon stimulation test) | 401 | ||
| Phosphate (PO4), Phosphorus (P)\r | 403 | ||
| Plasminogen (Fibrinolysin)\r | 406 | ||
| Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-\r1) | 407 | ||
| Platelet Aggregation\r | 409 | ||
| Platelet Antibody (antiplatelet \rAntibody Detection) | 411 | ||
| Platelet Closure Time (Platelet \rFunction Assay/Screen) | 413 | ||
| Platelet Count (Thrombocyte Count)\r | 416 | ||
| Platelet Volume, Mean (Mean Platelet \rVolume [MPV]) | 419 | ||
| Potassium, Blood (K)\r | 421 | ||
| Prealbumin (PAB, Thyroxine-Binding \rPrealbumin [TBPA], Thyretin, Transthyretin) | 424 | ||
| Pregnancy Tests (Human Chorionic \rGonadotropin [hCG], Beta Subunit) | 427 | ||
| Progesterone Assay\r | 430 | ||
| Prolactin Level (PRL)\r | 433 | ||
| Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)\r | 435 | ||
| Protein C, Protein S\r | 439 | ||
| Protein (Protein Electrophoresis, \rAlbumin, Globulin, Total Protein) | 441 | ||
| Prothrombin Time (PT, Pro-Time, \rInternational Normalized Ratio [INR]) | 448 | ||
| QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT, QFT-G, \rTB Gold test, TB Blood Test) | 452 | ||
| Rabies-Neutralizing Antibody\r | 454 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Count (RBC Count, \rErythrocyte Count) | 455 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Indices (RBC Indices, \rMean Corpuscular Volume [MCV], Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin [MCH], Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration [MCHC], Blood Indices, Erythrocyte Indices, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width [RDW]) | 459 | ||
| Renin Assay, Plasma (Plasma Renin \rActivity [PRA], Plasma Renin Concentration [PRC]) | 463 | ||
| Reticulocyte Count (Retic Count)\r | 468 | ||
| Rheumatoid Factor (RF, Rheumatoid \rArthritis [RA] Factor) | 471 | ||
| Rubella Antibody (German Measles, \rHemagglutination Inhibition [HAI]) | 473 | ||
| Rubeola Antibody | 475 | ||
| Sickle Cell Screen (Sickle Cell \rPreparation, Sickledex, Hemoglobin [Hgb S]) | 477 | ||
| Sodium, Blood (Na)\r | 479 | ||
| Somatomedin C (Insulin-Like Growth \rFactor I, IGF-1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins [IGF BP]) | 482 | ||
| Syphilis Detection (Serologic Test for \rSyphilis [STS], Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL], Rapid Plasma Reagin [RPR], Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody [FTA]) | 486 | ||
| Testosterone (Total Testosterone \rSerum Level) | 489 | ||
| Thrombosis Indicators (Fibrin \rMonomers [Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs)], Fibrin Split Products (FSPs)], Fibrinopeptide A [FPA], Prothrombin Fragment [F1+2]) | 492 | ||
| Thyroglobulin (Tg, Thyrogen-\rStimulated Thyroglobulin) | 494 | ||
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH, \rThyrotropin) | 497 | ||
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone \rStimulation (TSH Stimulation) | 500 | ||
| Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins \r(TSI, Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator [LATS], Thyroid-Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin [TBII], Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody) | 502 | ||
| Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone \r(TRH, Thyrotropin-Releasing Factor [TRF]) | 504 | ||
| Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG, \rThyroid-Binding Globulin) | 507 | ||
| Thyroxine, Free (FT4)\r | 509 | ||
| Thyroxine Index, Free (FTI, T7, FT4 \rIndex, FT4 I) | 512 | ||
| Thyroxine, Total (T4, Thyroxine \rScreen) | 514 | ||
| Toxoplasmosis Antibody Titer\r | 518 | ||
| Transferrin Receptor Assay\r | 519 | ||
| Triglycerides (TGs)\r | 521 | ||
| Triiodothyronine (Total T3 \rRadioimmunoassay [T3 by RIA], Free T3) | 524 | ||
| Triiodothyronine Uptake (T3 Uptake, \rResin Triiodothyronine Uptake Test [RT3 Units, T3 RU], Thyroid Hormone–Binding Ratio [THBR]) | 527 | ||
| Troponins (Cardiac-Specific Troponin T \r[cTnT], Cardiac-Specific Troponin I [cTnI]) | 530 | ||
| Urea Nitrogen, Blood (Blood Urea \rNitrogen [BUN], Serum Urea Nitrogen) | 533 | ||
| Uric Acid, Blood\r | 536 | ||
| Uroporphyrinogen-1-Synthase\r | 539 | ||
| Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)\r | 540 | ||
| Vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D)\r | 543 | ||
| West Nile Virus Testing\r | 547 | ||
| White Blood Cell Count and \rDifferential Count (WBC and Differential, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophil Count, Lymphocyte Count, Monocyte Count, Eosinophil Count, Basophil Count) | 548 | ||
| d-Xylose Absorption (Xylose \rTolerance) | 556 | ||
| CHAPTER 3\rElectrodiagnostic Tests | 558 | ||
| Overview\r | 559 | ||
| Caloric Study (Oculovestibular Reflex Study) | 560 | ||
| Cardiac Stress Testing (Stress Testing,Exercise Testing, Electrocardiograph [EKG]Stress Testing, Nuclear Stress Testing, EchoStress Testing) | 562 | ||
| Electrocardiography (Electrocardiogram [ECGCG, EKG]) | 567 | ||
| Electroencephalography (Electroencephalogram [EEG]) | 573 | ||
| Electromyography (EMGMG) | 577 | ||
| Electroneurography (Nerve Conduction Studies) | 581 | ||
| Electronystagmography (ENGNG, Electrooculography) | 583 | ||
| Electrophysiologic Study (EPS, Cardiac Mapping) | 586 | ||
| Evoked Potential Studies (EP Studies,Evoked Brain Potentials, Evoked Responses,Visual-Evoked Responses [VERs], AuditoryBrainstem-Evoked Potentials [ABEPs],Somatosensory-Evoked Responses [SERs]) | 589 | ||
| Fetal Contraction Stress Test (CST, Oxytocin Challenge Test [OCT]) | 594 | ||
| Fetal Nonstress Test (NST, Fetal Activity Determination) | 597 | ||
| Holter Monitoring (AmbulatoryMonitoring, Ambulatory Electrocardiography,Event Recorder) | 599 | ||
| Pelvic Floor SphincterElectromyography (Pelvic FloorSphincter EMGMG, Rectal EMGMG Procedure) | 602 | ||
| CHAPTER 4\rEndoscopic Studies | 605 | ||
| Overview\r | 606 | ||
| Arthroscopy\r | 611 | ||
| Bronchoscopy\r | 615 | ||
| Colonoscopy\r | 620 | ||
| Colposcopy\r | 624 | ||
| Cystoscopy (Endourology)\r | 627 | ||
| Ductoscopy (Mammary ductoscopy)\r | 632 | ||
| Endoscopic Retrograde \rCholangiopancreatography (ERCP, ERCP of the Biliary and Pancreatic Ducts) | 634 | ||
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, Upper Gastrointestinal [UGI] Endoscopy, Gastroscopy)\r | 638 | ||
| Fetoscopy\r | 642 | ||
| Hysteroscopy\r | 645 | ||
| Laparoscopy (Pelvic Endoscopy, Gynecologic Video Laparoscopy, Peritoneoscopy)\r | 648 | ||
| Mediastinoscopy\r | 652 | ||
| Sigmoidoscopy (Proctoscopy, Anoscopy)\r | 654 | ||
| Sinus Endoscopy\r | 656 | ||
| Thoracoscopy\r | 658 | ||
| CHAPTER 5\rFluid Analysis Studies | 661 | ||
| Overview | 662 | ||
| Amniocentesis (Amniotic Fluid Analysis) | 664 | ||
| Amyloid Beta Protein Precursor,Soluble (sBPP) | 671 | ||
| Arthrocentesis With Synovial Fluid Analysis (Synovial Fluid Analysis, Joint Aspiration) | 673 | ||
| Breast Cyst and Nipple Discharge Fluid Analysis\r | 676 | ||
| Breast Ductal Lavage | 678 | ||
| Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) | 680 | ||
| Lumbar Puncture and Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination (LP and CSF Examination, Spinal Tap,Spinal Puncture, Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis) | 682 | ||
| Paracentesis (Peritoneal Fluid Analysis, Abdominal Paracentesis, Ascitic Fluid Cytology, Peritoneal Tap) | 691 | ||
| Pericardiocentesis | 697 | ||
| Secretin-Pancreozymin (Pancreatic Enzymes) | 701 | ||
| Semen Analysis (Sperm Count, Sperm Examination, Seminal Cytology, Semen Examination) | 703 | ||
| Sexual Assault Testing | 706 | ||
| Sims-Huhner (Postcoital, Postcoital Cervical Mucus, Cervical Mucus Sperm Penetration) | 709 | ||
| Sweat Electrolytes (Iontophoretic Sweat) | 711 | ||
| Thoracentesis and Pleural FluidAnalysis (Pleural Tap) | 714 | ||
| CHAPTER 6\rManometric Studies | 721 | ||
| Overview | 722 | ||
| Cystometry (Cystometrogram [CMG]) | 723 | ||
| Esophageal Function Studies (Esophageal Manometry, Esophageal Motility Studies) | 726 | ||
| Oculoplethysmography (OPG, Ocular Pressures) | 730 | ||
| Plethysmography, Arterial | 733 | ||
| Tilt-Table Testing | 735 | ||
| Tourniquet Test (Capillary Fragility) | 736 | ||
| Urethral Pressure Profile (UPP, Urethral Pressure Measurements) | 738 | ||
| Urine Flow Studies (Uroflowmetry,Urodynamic Studies) | 740 | ||
| CHAPTER 7\rMicroscopic Studies | 742 | ||
| Overview\r | 743 | ||
| Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear (AFAFB Smear) | 745 | ||
| Blood Culture and Sensitivity (Blood C&S) | 747 | ||
| Blood Smear (Peripheral Blood Smear, Red Blood Cell Morphology, RBC Smear) | 749 | ||
| Bone Marrow Biopsy (Bone Marrow Examination, Bone Marrow Aspiration) | 751 | ||
| Breast Cancer Tumor Analysis (Breast Cancer Predictors, DNADNADNA Ploidy Status, S-Phase Fraction, Cathepsin D, HERER 2 [c erbB2, neu] Protein, Ki67 Protein, p53 Protein) | 757 | ||
| Cervical Biopsy (Punch Biopsy, Endocervical Biopsy, LEELEELEEP Cervical Biopsy, Cone Biopsy, Conization) | 760 | ||
| Chlamydia | 763 | ||
| Cutaneous Immunofluorescence Biopsy (Immunofluorescence Skin Biopsy, Skin Biopsy Antibodies, Skin Immunohistopathology) | 765 | ||
| Endometrial Biopsy | 766 | ||
| Estrogen Receptor Assay (ERER Assay, ERAERAERA,Estradiol Receptor) | 769 | ||
| Herpes Simplex (Herpesvirus Type 2, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 [HSV 1 and 2], Herpes Genitalis) | 771 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV Test,HPV DNADNADNA Testing) | 773 | ||
| Liver Biopsy | 776 | ||
| Lung Biopsy | 779 | ||
| Papanicolaou Smear (Pap Smear, Pap Test, Cytologic Test for Cancer, Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology [LBCCCC]) | 783 | ||
| Pleural Biopsy | 789 | ||
| Progesterone Receptor Assay(PR Assay, PRA, PgR)\r | 791 | ||
| Renal Biopsy (Kidney Biopsy) | 793 | ||
| SARS Viral Testing | 796 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Disease Culture(STD Culture, Culture of Cervix, Urethra, and Anus) | 798 | ||
| Sputum Culture and Sensitivity (Sputum C&S, Sputum Culture, and Gram stain) | 802 | ||
| Sputum Cytology | 804 | ||
| Throat and Nose Cultures | 806 | ||
| Tuberculosis Culture (TB Culture, BACACTECEC Method, Polymerase Chain Reaction) | 809 | ||
| Viral Cultures | 812 | ||
| West Nile Virus Testing | 814 | ||
| Wound and Soft Tissue Cultureand Sensitivity (C&S) | 815 | ||
| CHAPTER 8\rNuclear Scanning | 818 | ||
| Overview | 819 | ||
| Antibody Tumor Imaging \r(Immunoscintigraphy, Oncoscint Scan, Proscint Scan) | 821 | ||
| Bone Scan\r | 823 | ||
| Brain Scan (Cisternal Scan, Cerebral \rBlood Flow) | 827 | ||
| Cardiac Nuclear Scanning \r(Myocardial Scan, Cardiac Scan, Nuclear Cardiac Scanning, Heart Scan, Thallium Scan, MUGA Scan, Isonitrile Scan, Sestamibi Cardiac Scan, Cardiac Flow Studies) | 831 | ||
| Gallbladder Nuclear Scanning \r(Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy, Hepatobiliary Imaging, Biliary Tract Radionuclide Scan, Cholescintigraphy, DISIDA Scanning, HIDA Scanning, IDA Gallbladder Scanning) | 837 | ||
| Gallium Scan\r | 840 | ||
| Gastric Emptying Scan\r | 842 | ||
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Scan (GE \rReflux Scan, Aspiration Scan) | 846 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan \r(Abdominal Scintigraphy, GI Scintigraphy) | 846 | ||
| Liver/Spleen Scanning (Liver \rScanning) | 849 | ||
| Lung Scan (Ventilation/Perfusion Scanning [VPS], Pulmonary Scintiphotography, V/Q Scan) | 852 | ||
| Meckel Diverticulum Nuclear Scan | 857 | ||
| Octreotide Scan (Carcinoid Nuclear Scan, Neuroendocrine Nuclear Scan) | 858 | ||
| Parathyroid Scan (Parathyroid Scintigraphy) | 861 | ||
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) | 863 | ||
| Renal Scanning (Kidney Scan, Radiorenography, Renography, Radionuclide Renal Imaging, Nuclear Imagingof the Kidney, DSMA\r Renal Scan, DTPA Renal Scan, Captopril Renal Scan) | 869 | ||
| Salivary Gland Nuclear Imaging (Parotid Gland Nuclear Imaging) | 875 | ||
| Schilling Test (Vitamin B12 Absorption Test) | 877 | ||
| Scrotal Nuclear Imaging (Scrotal Scan,Testicular Imaging) | 879 | ||
| Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB, Lymphoscintigraphy) | 881 | ||
| Thyroid Scanning (Thyroid Scintiscan)Normal Findings | 883 | ||
| WBC Scan (Inflammatory Scan) | 886 | ||
| CHAPTER 9\rStool Tests | 889 | ||
| Overview | 890 | ||
| Apt Test (Downey Test, Qualitative Fetal Hemoglobin Stool Test, Stool for Swallowed Blood) | 891 | ||
| Clostridial Toxin Assay (Clostridium difficile, Antibiotic-Associated Colitis Assay; Pseudomembranous Colitis Toxic Assay, C. diff.) | 892 | ||
| Fecal Fat (Fat Absorption, Quantitative Stool Fat Determination) | 893 | ||
| Stool Culture (Stool for Culture and Sensitivity [Stool C&S], Stool for Ova and Parasites [O&P]) | 896 | ||
| Stool for Occult Blood (Stool for OB, FecalOccult Blood Test [FOBT], Fecal Immunotest [FIT],DNA Stool Sample)\r | 898 | ||
| CHAPTER 10\rUltrasound Studies | 902 | ||
| Overview | 903 | ||
| Abdominal Ultrasonography (Abdominal Sonography; Echography; Ultrasonography of the Kidney, Liver, Pancreatobiliary System, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Biliary Tree) | 907 | ||
| Breast Ultrasonography (Ultrasound Mammography) | 912 | ||
| Carotid Artery Duplex Scan (Carotid Ultrasound) | 915 | ||
| Contraceptive Device Localization (Intrauterine Device [IUD] Localization) | 917 | ||
| Echocardiography (Cardiac Echography, Heart Sonography, Transthoracic Echocardiography [TTE]) | 918 | ||
| Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP) | 923 | ||
| Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)\r | 926 | ||
| Ocular and Orbit Ultrasonography | 928 | ||
| Pelvic Ultrasonography (Obstetric Echography, Pregnant Uterus Ultrasonography, Pelvic Ultrasonography in Pregnancy, Obstetric Ultrasonography, Vaginal Ultrasonography) | 929 | ||
| Prostate and Rectal Sonography | 933 | ||
| Scrotal Ultrasonography (Ultrasound of Testes) | 936 | ||
| Thyroid Ultrasonography (Thyroid Echography, Thyroid Sonography) | 938 | ||
| Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) | 939 | ||
| Vascular Ultrasound Studies (Venous/Arterial Doppler Ultrasound, Venous/Arterial Duplex Scan) | 942 | ||
| CHAPTER 11\rUrine Studies | 946 | ||
| Overview | 947 | ||
| Amylase, Urine | 953 | ||
| Bence-Jones Protein | 955 | ||
| Bladder Cancer Markers (Bladder Tumor Antigen [BTA], Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 [NMP22 ])\r | 957 | ||
| Bone Turnover Markers (N-Telopeptide [NTx], Osteocalcin [Bone G1a Protein, BGP, Osteocalc], Pyridinium [PYPYD] Crosslinks, Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase [BSAP], Amino-Terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Procollagen [PINP],C-Telopeptide [CTx]) | 959 | ||
| Chloride, Urine (CI) | 963 | ||
| Cortisol, Urine (Hydrocortisone, Urine Cortisol,Free Cortisol) | 965 | ||
| Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid (Aminolevulinic Acid [ALA], δ-ALA)\r | 967 | ||
| Glucose, Urine (Urine Sugar) | 969 | ||
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OCHS) | 971 | ||
| 5-Hydroxindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA)\r | 974 | ||
| 17-Ketosteroid (17-KS) | 975 | ||
| Microalbumin (MA) | 978 | ||
| Osmolality, Urine | 980 | ||
| Porphyrins and Porphobilinogens | 982 | ||
| Potassium, Urine (K) | 985 | ||
| Pregnanediol | 987 | ||
| Sodium, Urine (Na)NoNo | 989 | ||
| Substance Abuse Testing (Urine Drug Testing, Drug Screening) | 992 | ||
| Toxicology | 995 | ||
| Uric Acid, Urine | 998 | ||
| Urinalysis (UA) | 1000 | ||
| Urinary Stone Analysis (Renal Calculus Analysis) | 1017 | ||
| Urine Culture and Sensitivity (Urine C&S) | 1019 | ||
| Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) and Catecholamines (Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Metanephrine, Normetanephrine, Dopamine) | 1021 | ||
| Water Deprivation (Antidiuretic Hormone [ADH] Stimulation) | 1024 | ||
| CHAPTER 12\rX-Ray Studies | 1027 | ||
| Overview | 1029 | ||
| Adrenal Venography | 1035 | ||
| Antegrade Pyelography | 1037 | ||
| Arteriography (Angiography; Renal, Mesenteric,Adrenal, Cerebral, and Lower Extremity Arteriography) | 1039 | ||
| Barium Enema (BE, Lower GI Series) | 1047 | ||
| Barium Swallow (Esophagogram) | 1052 | ||
| Bone Densitometry (Bone Mineral Content [BMC], Bone Absorptiometry, Bone Mineral Density [BMD]) | 1055 | ||
| Bone (Long) X-Rays | 1059 | ||
| Cardiac Catheterization (Coronary Angiography, Angiocardiography, Ventriculography) | 1061 | ||
| Chest X-Ray (CXR) | 1068 | ||
| Computed Tomography, Abdomen (CAT Scan, Abdomen; CT Scan, Abdomen; Helical/Spiral CT Scan, Abdomen; CT Angiography; CT colonoscopy; Virtual colonoscopy) | 1073 | ||
| Computed Tomography, Brain (CT scan, Brain; Computerized Axial Transverse Tomography [CATT]; Helical/Spiral CT Scan, Brain) | 1080 | ||
| Computed Tomography, Chest (Chest CT Scan; Helical/Spiral CT Scan, Chest) | 1083 | ||
| Computed Tomography, Heart (Coronary CT Angiography, Coronary Calcium Score) | 1086 | ||
| Cystography (Cystourethrography, Voiding,Cystography, Voiding Cystourethrography) | 1090 | ||
| Hysterosalpingography (Uterotubography, Uterosalpingography, Hysterogram) | 1092 | ||
| Intravenous Pyelography (IVIVP, ExcretoryUrography [EUG], Intravenous Urography [IUG, IVU])\r | 1095 | ||
| Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-Ray (KUB, Flat Plate of the Abdomen, Plain Film of the Abdomen, Scout Film) | 1100 | ||
| Mammography (Mammogram) | 1103 | ||
| Myelography (Myelogram) | 1109 | ||
| Obstruction Series | 1112 | ||
| Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC, PTHC)\r | 1114 | ||
| Pulmonary Angiography (Pulmonary Arteriography, Bronchial Angiography) | 1118 | ||
| Retrograde Pyelography | 1120 | ||
| Sialography | 1123 | ||
| Skull X-Ray | 1124 | ||
| Small Bowel Follow-Through (SBF,Small Bowel Enema)\r | 1127 | ||
| Spinal X-Rays (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral,or Coccygeal X-Ray Studies) | 1130 | ||
| Swallowing Examination (Videofluoroscopy Swallowing Examination) | 1132 | ||
| T-Tube and Operative Cholangiography | 1133 | ||
| Upper Gastrointestinal Tract X-Ray(Upper GIGI Series, UGI)\r | 1135 | ||
| Venography, Lower Extremities (Phlebography, Venogram) | 1139 | ||
| CHAPTER 13\rMiscellaneous Studies | 1142 | ||
| Overview | 1143 | ||
| Allergy Skin Testing | 1143 | ||
| Bioterrorism Infectious Agents Testing (Botulism, Anthrax, Hemorrhagic Fever, Plague, Small Pox, Tularemia, Brucellosis) | 1146 | ||
| Breast Cancer Genomics (Oncotype DXDXGenotyping, MammaPrint) | 1150 | ||
| Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS, Chorionic Villus Biopsy [CVB]) | 1151 | ||
| Fluorescein Angiography (FA, Ocular Photography) | 1154 | ||
| Genetic Testing (Breast Cancer [BRCARCARCA] and Ovarian Cancer, Colon Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Tay-Sachs Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Melanoma, Hemochromatosis,Thyroid Cancer, Paternity [Parentage Analysis] and Forensic Genetic Testing) | 1157 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIRI, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging [NMRIRI]) | 1166 | ||
| Oximetry (Pulse Oximetry, Ear Oximetry, Oxygen Saturation) | 1173 | ||
| Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) | 1177 | ||
| Sleep Studies (Polysomnography [PSG], Multiple Sleep Latency Tests [MSLT], Multiple Wake Test [MWT]) | 1183 | ||
| Tuberculin Skin Testing (TST, Tuberculin Test, Mantoux Test) | 1187 | ||
| Urea Breath Test (UBT, H. pylori breath test) | 1191 | ||
| BIBLIOGRAPHY\r | 1194 | ||
| APPENDIX | 1197 | ||
| APPENDIX A\rAlphabetical Listof Tests | 1197 | ||
| APPENDIX B\rList of Tests by Body System | 1206 | ||
| APPENDIX C\rDisease and Organ Panels | 1213 | ||
| APPENDIX D Abbreviations for Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests | 1216 | ||
| ILLUSTRATION CREDITS\r | 1220 | ||
| Index | 1222 |