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Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Sudhansu Chokroverty—a world-recognized expert in sleep medicine—presents the third edition of Sleep Disorders Medicine for the latest developments in this rapidly expanding specialty, with coverage of neuroscience and clinical application. In addition to summarizing basic science and important technological aspects of diagnosis and treatment, this edition presents new chapters—on sleep and memory consolidation, neuroimaging, and more—in a color layout that makes it easy to access the latest advances in the field. The text’s manageable size and logical, multi-disciplinary approach make it the right choice for newcomers and experienced clinicians alike.
- Covers all aspects of sleep medicine in a practical, logical format divided into three sections: the basic science of sleep physiology, neuroanatomy, and biochemistry; the technical methods of recording; and a clinical approach to patients with sleep complaints.
- Represents the breadth of knowledge across disciplines through the contributions of 50 prominent names in the field of sleep medicine.
- Provides a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders with coverage of related fields such as pulmonology, otolaryngology, and psychiatry.
- Includes a Glossary of Terms adapted from the American Sleep Disorders Association for quick reference to the sleep terminology used throughout the text.
- Demonstrates how recent basic science advances affect clinical medicine through new chapters on Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness; Sleep and Memory Consolidation; Neuroimaging in Sleep and Sleep Disorders; Nutrition and Sleep; Nature and Treatment of Insomnia; Evolution of Sleep from Birth through Adolescence; Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children and Women’s Sleep.
- Improves on the clarity and consistency of the text with a new, completely redrawn art program, including full-color illustrations in the clinical section that enhances diagnostic material.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Sleep Disorders Medicine | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication Page | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiii | ||
| Foreword | xv | ||
| Contents | xvii | ||
| Part I: Basic Aspects of Sleep | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction | 3 | ||
| What is Sleep Disorders Medicine? | 3 | ||
| A Brief History | 3 | ||
| The Recent Past | 4 | ||
| References | 4 | ||
| Chapter 2: An Overview of Normal Sleep | 5 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 5 | ||
| Definition of Sleep | 6 | ||
| The Moment of Sleep Onset and Offset | 7 | ||
| Sleep Architecture and Sleep Profile | 7 | ||
| The Ontogeny of Sleep | 11 | ||
| Sleep Habits | 15 | ||
| Sleep and Dreams | 16 | ||
| Phylogeny of Sleep | 17 | ||
| Circadian Sleep-wake Rhythm | 17 | ||
| Chronobiology, Chronopharmacology, and Chronotherapy | 18 | ||
| Cytokines, Immune System, and Sleep Factors | 19 | ||
| Theories of the Function of Sleep | 19 | ||
| References | 21 | ||
| Chapter 3: Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness | 22 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm and Homeostasis | 22 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness | 22 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation Experiments | 23 | ||
| Consequences of EDS Resulting from Sleep Deprivation or Sleep Restriction | 24 | ||
| Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | 26 | ||
| References | 28 | ||
| Chapter 4: Neurobiology of Rapid Eye Movement and Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep | 29 | ||
| Introduction | 29 | ||
| Rem Sleep | 30 | ||
| Nrem Sleep | 46 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 58 | ||
| References | 58 | ||
| Chapter 5: Neurophysiologic Mechanisms of Slow-Wave (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep | 59 | ||
| Distributed Systems Generating the State of Slow-Wave Sleep | 59 | ||
| Brain Disconnection from the External World during NREM Sleep | 61 | ||
| Grouping of Sleep Rhythms by the Slow Cortical Oscillation | 63 | ||
| Possible Functions of Sleep Oscillations | 66 | ||
| References | 66 | ||
| Chapter 6: Neurotransmitters, Neurochemistry, and the Clinical Pharmacology of Sleep | 67 | ||
| Overview | 67 | ||
| Stimulating Transmitter Systems | 67 | ||
| Inhibitory Transmitter Systems | 74 | ||
| Regulating Transmitter Systems | 76 | ||
| Clinical Pharmacology and Summary | 78 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 79 | ||
| References | 79 | ||
| Chapter 7: Physiologic Changes in Sleep | 80 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System and Sleep | 80 | ||
| Respiration and Sleep | 86 | ||
| Physiologic Changes in the Heart and Circulation During Sleep | 90 | ||
| Physiologic Changes in the Neuromuscular System | 92 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Physiology During Sleep | 96 | ||
| Thermal Regulation in Sleep | 98 | ||
| Endocrine Regulation in Sleep | 99 | ||
| References | 104 | ||
| Chapter 8: Circadian Timing and Sleep-Wake Regulation | 105 | ||
| Introduction | 105 | ||
| Circadian Rhythms are Inherited and Generated by Molecular Clocks | 105 | ||
| Organization of the Mammalian Circadian Timing System | 107 | ||
| Human Circadian Timing System Function and Sleep-Wake Regulation | 111 | ||
| General Summary | 111 | ||
| References | 111 | ||
| Chapter 9: Sleep and Memory Consolidation | 112 | ||
| Introduction | 112 | ||
| Delineations and Definitions | 113 | ||
| Behavioral Studies of Sleep and Memory | 114 | ||
| Sleep-Dependent Brain Plasticity | 120 | ||
| Unresolved Questions | 124 | ||
| Summary | 126 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 126 | ||
| References | 126 | ||
| Chapter 10: Dreaming in Sleep-Disordered Patients | 127 | ||
| A Brief Historical Introduction | 127 | ||
| Revival of Dream Study | 129 | ||
| Conclusion | 134 | ||
| References | 134 | ||
| Part II: Technical Considerations | 135 | ||
| Chapter 11: Polysomnographic Technique: An Overview | 137 | ||
| Introduction | 137 | ||
| Patient Contact | 138 | ||
| The Study | 140 | ||
| Digital Systems | 147 | ||
| Perspective On Polysomnography | 150 | ||
| References | 152 | ||
| Template for 24-Hour Sleep-Wake Log | 153 | ||
| Subjective Evaluation of Sleepiness | 154 | ||
| Suggested Montages for Recording Sleep-Related Seizure Activity | 155 | ||
| Measuring the Head for C3, C4, O1, and O2 | 156 | ||
| Chapter 12: Electroencephalography, Electromyography, and Electro-Oculography: General Principles and Basic Technology... | 157 | ||
| Introduction | 157 | ||
| Elementary Concepts of Electricity | 158 | ||
| Physiologic Basis of Electroencephalography | 158 | ||
| Components of the Polygraphic Circuit | 159 | ||
| Spectral Analysis | 165 | ||
| Electrical Safety | 166 | ||
| Electro-Oculography | 167 | ||
| Electromyographic Recordings in Sleep Disorders | 168 | ||
| Electroencephalography | 171 | ||
| Conclusion | 181 | ||
| References | 181 | ||
| Chapter 13: Electrocardiographic Technology of Cardiac Arrhythmias | 182 | ||
| Normal Cardiac Rhythm | 182 | ||
| Cardiac Arrhythmias | 182 | ||
| Pacemaker Rhythm | 187 | ||
| Intracardiac Recordings | 187 | ||
| Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram | 187 | ||
| Management of Arrhythmias Detected During Sleep | 187 | ||
| References | 187 | ||
| Chapter 14: Evaluation and Monitoring of Respiratory Function | 188 | ||
| Introduction | 188 | ||
| Evaluation Of Baseline Pulmonary Function And Physiology | 188 | ||
| Monitoring Of Respiratory Function During Sleep | 192 | ||
| References | 197 | ||
| Chapter 15: Neuroimaging in Sleep and Sleep Disorders | 198 | ||
| Neuroimaging in Normal Human Sleep | 198 | ||
| Neurpomaging in Sleep Disorders | 205 | ||
| Conclusions | 217 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 217 | ||
| References | 217 | ||
| Chapter 16: Measurement of Sleepiness and Alertness: Multiple Sleep Latency Test | 218 | ||
| Introduction | 218 | ||
| Multiple Sleep Latency Test Methods | 219 | ||
| Reliability And Validity | 220 | ||
| Determinants Of Daytime Sleepiness | 221 | ||
| Modifications Of The Multiple Sleep Latency Test | 222 | ||
| Multiple Sleep Latency Test Norms | 223 | ||
| References | 223 | ||
| Chapter 17: The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test | 224 | ||
| Introduction | 224 | ||
| Historical Overview | 224 | ||
| Normative Data | 225 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 225 | ||
| Mwt Versus Mslt | 227 | ||
| Protocol Recommendations | 227 | ||
| References | 228 | ||
| Chapter 18: Clinical Polysomnography and the Evolution of Recording and Scoring Technique | 229 | ||
| Introduction | 229 | ||
| Electroencephalographic and Electro-oculographic Waveforms in Sleep | 229 | ||
| Sleep Staging | 233 | ||
| Sleep Disturbances and Instability | 239 | ||
| Movement | 242 | ||
| Sleep-related Breathing | 244 | ||
| Recording Equipment and Advancing Technologies | 247 | ||
| References | 252 | ||
| Part III: Clinical Aspects | 253 | ||
| Chapter 19: Approach to the Patient with Sleep Complaints | 255 | ||
| Introduction | 255 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics of Common Sleep Complaints | 257 | ||
| Etiologic Diagnosis | 258 | ||
| Method of Clinical Evaluation | 258 | ||
| Clinical Phenomenology | 260 | ||
| Laboratory Investigations | 265 | ||
| Principles of Management of Sleep Disorders | 273 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 273 | ||
| References | 274 | ||
| Chapter 20: Classification of Sleep Disorders | 275 | ||
| Introduction | 275 | ||
| Icsd-2 Classification Categories | 275 | ||
| Summary and Conclusion | 282 | ||
| References | 283 | ||
| Chapter 21: Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders | 284 | ||
| Introduction | 284 | ||
| The Hazards of Sleep Classifications | 284 | ||
| Insomnia and Associated Syndromes | 285 | ||
| Excessive Sleepiness | 286 | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing | 289 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome | 292 | ||
| Parasomnias | 293 | ||
| Challenges for the Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders | 294 | ||
| References | 294 | ||
| Chapter 22: Human and Animal Genetics of Sleep and Sleep Disorders | 295 | ||
| Introduction | 295 | ||
| Genetics of Normal Sleep and the Electroencephalogram | 295 | ||
| Genetics of Sleep Disorders | 301 | ||
| Conclusions | 306 | ||
| References | 306 | ||
| Chapter 23: Nutrition and Sleep | 307 | ||
| Introduction | 307 | ||
| Enteric Nervous System and Sleep | 307 | ||
| Glucose, Lactate, and Glial Cells | 311 | ||
| Meals and Sleep | 312 | ||
| Dietary Patterns and Sleep | 313 | ||
| Alcohol and Sleep | 314 | ||
| Essential Fatty Acids and Sleep | 315 | ||
| Narcolepsy and Meals | 315 | ||
| Dietary Minerals and Sleep | 316 | ||
| Nutrition and Development of the Central Nervous System | 317 | ||
| Summary | 318 | ||
| References | 318 | ||
| Chapter 24: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome | 319 | ||
| Introduction | 319 | ||
| Epidemiology | 320 | ||
| Morbidity: Cardiovascular System | 321 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 324 | ||
| Snoring | 327 | ||
| Evaluation | 329 | ||
| Treatment | 333 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children | 336 | ||
| Summary | 339 | ||
| References | 339 | ||
| Chapter 25: Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea | 340 | ||
| Introduction | 340 | ||
| Positive Pressure Modalities Used to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea | 340 | ||
| Side Effects of Pap Therapy | 345 | ||
| Acceptance of and Adherence to Pap Therapy | 348 | ||
| Traditional and Evolving Methods of Initiating Pap Therapy | 353 | ||
| Effect of Positive Airway Pressure Therapy of Osa/H on Systemic Disorders | 356 | ||
| Summary | 360 | ||
| References | 360 | ||
| Chapter 26: Nature and Treatment of Insomnia | 361 | ||
| Introduction | 361 | ||
| Prevalence and Significance of Insomnia | 361 | ||
| Nature of Insomnia | 361 | ||
| Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis | 364 | ||
| Treatment | 365 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 376 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 376 | ||
| References | 376 | ||
| Chapter 27: Narcolepsy | 377 | ||
| Historical Overview | 377 | ||
| Clinical Features | 377 | ||
| Psychosocial Aspects | 381 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures: Evaluation of Sleepiness | 381 | ||
| Epidemiology | 384 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 384 | ||
| Current Treatment | 387 | ||
| Clinical Variants and Associated Illnesses | 394 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 394 | ||
| Conclusions | 395 | ||
| References | 396 | ||
| Chapter 28: Motor Functions and Dysfunctions of Sleep | 397 | ||
| Introduction | 397 | ||
| The Motor System in Relation to Sleep | 398 | ||
| Diurnal Movement Disorders in Relation to Sleep | 404 | ||
| Movement Disorders Evoked by Sleep | 413 | ||
| Methods for Studying Sleep-Related Movements | 429 | ||
| Summary | 434 | ||
| References | 435 | ||
| Chapter 29: Sleep, Breathing, and Neurologic Disorders | 436 | ||
| Introduction | 436 | ||
| Functional Anatomy of Sleep and Wakefulness | 436 | ||
| Functional Anatomy of Respiration in Sleep and Wakefulness | 441 | ||
| Sleep-Related Respiratory Dysrhythmia in Neurologic Disorders | 442 | ||
| Mechanism of Respiratory Dysrhythmias in Neurologic Disease | 444 | ||
| Sleep and Breathing Disorders Secondary to Somatic Neurologic Illness | 445 | ||
| Sleep and Breathing Disorders in Autonomic Failure | 476 | ||
| Miscellaneous Neurologic Disorders | 481 | ||
| Laboratory Investigations | 489 | ||
| Treatment of Sleep and Respiratory Dysfunction Secondary to Neurologic Disorders | 492 | ||
| Conclusion | 498 | ||
| References | 498 | ||
| Chapter 30: Sleep and Epilepsy | 499 | ||
| Introduction | 499 | ||
| Interrelationship between Sleep and Epilepsy: Physiologic Mechanisms | 499 | ||
| Effect of Sleep on Epilepsy | 503 | ||
| Effect of Sleep on Specific Seizure Types | 505 | ||
| Special Seizure Types Related to Sleep-Wake Cycle | 512 | ||
| Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Epilepsy | 515 | ||
| Phenomena During Sleep that can be Mistaken for Epilepsy (Nonepileptiform Disorders) | 516 | ||
| Effect of Epilepsy on Sleep | 517 | ||
| Effect of Anticonvulsants on Sleep and Sleep Architecture in Epileptics | 520 | ||
| Sleep, Epilepsy, and Autonomic Dysfunction | 523 | ||
| Epilepsy and Sleep Apnea | 524 | ||
| Utility of Sleep in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy | 525 | ||
| Neuroimaging | 528 | ||
| Practical Relevance to Understanding the Relationship between Sleep and Epilepsy | 529 | ||
| References | 529 | ||
| Chapter 31: Dreaming in Neurologic Disorders | 530 | ||
| Background | 530 | ||
| Deficits of Dreaming | 530 | ||
| Excesses of Dreaming | 535 | ||
| Pharmacologic Findings | 536 | ||
| Conclusion | 537 | ||
| References | 537 | ||
| Chapter 32: Sleep in Psychiatric Disorders | 538 | ||
| Introduction | 538 | ||
| Sleep Disturbances, Sleep Loss, and Psychiatric Disorders | 538 | ||
| Associations Between Sleep Disorders and Psychiatric Symptoms/Disorders | 539 | ||
| Sleep in Psychiatric Disorders | 541 | ||
| Treatment of Sleep Problems in Patients with Psychiatric Illness | 548 | ||
| Conclusion | 549 | ||
| References | 549 | ||
| Chapter 33: Sleep Disturbances in General Medical Disorders | 550 | ||
| Introduction | 550 | ||
| Medical Disorders that Cause Sleep Disturbances | 551 | ||
| Specific Medical Disorders and Related Sleep Disturbances | 552 | ||
| Medication-Related Sleep-Wake Disturbances | 578 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | 580 | ||
| References | 580 | ||
| Chapter 34: Circadian Rhythm Disorders | 581 | ||
| Introduction | 581 | ||
| Medical Chronobiology | 582 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 583 | ||
| Treatment Modalities | 583 | ||
| Relationship with Major Psychiatric Disorders | 586 | ||
| Primary Circadian Dysrhythmias | 586 | ||
| Secondary Circadian Dysrhythmias | 589 | ||
| Conclusion and Future Directions | 590 | ||
| References | 590 | ||
| Chapter 35: Parasomnias | 591 | ||
| Introduction | 591 | ||
| Disorders of Arousal (From NREM Sleep) | 591 | ||
| Parasomnias Associated with Rem Sleep | 595 | ||
| Other Parasomnias | 601 | ||
| References | 605 | ||
| Chapter 36: Sleep Disorders in the Elderly | 606 | ||
| Introduction | 606 | ||
| Neurology of Aging | 606 | ||
| Sleep Complaints in Old Age | 612 | ||
| Clinical Assessment of Sleep Disorders | 613 | ||
| Sleep Disorders in Old Age | 614 | ||
| Laboratory Assessment | 617 | ||
| Treatment | 618 | ||
| References | 620 | ||
| Chapter 37: Sleep Disorders of Childhood | 621 | ||
| Introduction | 621 | ||
| Problem Versus Disorder, and Problem Versus no ProbLem | 622 | ||
| Specific Disorders | 623 | ||
| References | 629 | ||
| Chapter 38: Evolution of Sleep from Birth through Adolescence, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children | 630 | ||
| Introduction | 630 | ||
| The Evolution of Sleep from Birth Through Adolescence | 630 | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children | 633 | ||
| References | 643 | ||
| Chapter 39: Women's Sleep | 644 | ||
| Introduction | 644 | ||
| The Menstrual Cycle and the Effects on Sleep | 644 | ||
| Sleep During Pregnancy | 648 | ||
| Menopause and the Climacteric | 651 | ||
| Conclusion | 653 | ||
| References | 653 | ||
| Chapter 40: Sleep-Related Violence: Forensic Medicine Issues | 654 | ||
| Introduction | 654 | ||
| Neurophysiology of Sleep-Related Violence | 655 | ||
| Sleep-Related Disorders Associated with Violence | 655 | ||
| Medicolegal Evaluation | 657 | ||
| Summary and Directions for the Future | 659 | ||
| References | 660 | ||
| Index | 661 | ||
| References: Chapter 1 | 677 | ||
| References: Chapter 2 | 678 | ||
| References: Chapter 3 | 682 | ||
| References: Chapter 4 | 685 | ||
| References: Chapter 5 | 690 | ||
| References: Chapter 6 | 692 | ||
| References: Chapter 7 | 694 | ||
| References: Chapter 8 | 702 | ||
| References: Chapter 9 | 703 | ||
| References: Chapter 10 | 706 | ||
| References: Chapter 11 | 707 | ||
| References: Chapter 12 | 709 | ||
| References: Chapter 13 | 711 | ||
| References: Chapter 14 | 712 | ||
| References: Chapter 15 | 713 | ||
| References: Chapter 16 | 718 | ||
| References: Chapter 17 | 720 | ||
| References: Chapter 18 | 721 | ||
| References: Chapter 19 | 722 | ||
| References: Chapter 20 | 723 | ||
| References: Chapter 21 | 726 | ||
| References: Chapter 22 | 729 | ||
| References: Chapter 23 | 733 | ||
| References: Chapter 24 | 736 | ||
| References: Chapter 25 | 740 | ||
| References: Chapter 26 | 745 | ||
| References: Chapter 27 | 748 | ||
| References: Chapter 28 | 751 | ||
| References: Chapter 29 | 764 | ||
| References: Chapter 30 | 779 | ||
| References: Chapter 31 | 785 | ||
| References: Chapter 32 | 788 | ||
| References: Chapter 33 | 792 | ||
| References: Chapter 34 | 804 | ||
| References: Chapter 35 | 806 | ||
| References: Chapter 36 | 812 | ||
| References: Chapter 37 | 817 | ||
| References: Chapter 38 | 819 | ||
| References: Chapter 39 | 822 | ||
| References: Chapter 40 | 825 | ||
| Color Plates | 827 |