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Book Details
Abstract
Completely reorganized and updated, the 3rd Edition of this best-selling reference presents comprehensive coverage of all aspects of female urology, making it easy to implement today’s best approaches for every patient, both surgical and non-surgical.
- Offers step-by-step, highly illustrated guidance on diagnosing and managing the full range of female urologic problems you encounter in practice.
- Features the work of all new contributors and 30% new content to keep you abreast of the latest in the specialty.
- Enables you to implement the most current techniques through new chapters on pharmacologic neuromodulation (Botox) and laparoscopic management of SUI, as well as an expanded section on Surgical Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
- Includes 200 new illustrations and 400 new clinical photographs reflecting the state of current practice.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Female Urology | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | xv | ||
| Dedication | iii | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | v | ||
| PREFACE | xiii | ||
| Section 1: BASIC CONCEPTS | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY AND UROGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | 3 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM | 3 | ||
| MOLECULAR CAUSES OF ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT | 8 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 10 | ||
| Chapter 2. STRUCTURAL BASIS OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 12 | ||
| ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE VESICOURETHRAL MUSCULARIS | 13 | ||
| ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE RHABDOSPHINCTER | 15 | ||
| NEUROPATHIC VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 15 | ||
| DETRUSOR DYSFUNCTION | 17 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 21 | ||
| Chapter 3. NEUROANATOMY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY: INNERVATION OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 26 | ||
| INNERVATION | 26 | ||
| ANATOMY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS PATHWAYS | 30 | ||
| REFLEX MECHANISMS CONTROLLING THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 32 | ||
| NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN MICTURITION REFLEX PATHWAYS | 37 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN BLADDER REFLEX PATHWAYS AFTER NEURAL INJURY OR DISEASE | 39 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 40 | ||
| Chapter 4. PHARMACOLOGIC BASIS OF BLADDER AND URETHRAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION | 47 | ||
| AUTONOMIC RECEPTOR FUNCTIONS IN THE BLADDER | 47 | ||
| ION CHANNELS | 49 | ||
| AFFERENT SIGNALING FROM THE UROTHELIUM OR SUBUROTHELIUM | 50 | ||
| URETHRAL FUNCTION AND STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 50 | ||
| AUTONOMIC RECEPTOR FUNCTIONS | 51 | ||
| NONADRENERGIC, NONCHOLINERGIC RELAXANT MECHANISMS | 52 | ||
| EFFECTS OF SEX HORMONES ON THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 53 | ||
| Chapter 5. HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON THE FEMALE GENITAL AND LOWER URINARY TRACTS | 59 | ||
| ESTROGEN RECEPTORS AND HORMONAL FACTORS | 59 | ||
| HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 59 | ||
| HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 60 | ||
| HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 60 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 60 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF LOWER URINARY DYSFUNCTION | 61 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 65 | ||
| Chapter 6 SOCIAL IMPACT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION | 69 | ||
| URINARY INCONTINENCE | 69 | ||
| PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 71 | ||
| PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE | 72 | ||
| Section 2: EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 75 | ||
| Chapter 7. CLINICAL EVALUATION OF LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 77 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 77 | ||
| CAUSES OF URINARY INCONTINENCE | 77 | ||
| SYMPTOMS, SIGNS, AND CONDITIONS CAUSING INCONTINENCE | 78 | ||
| EVALUATION OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION | 81 | ||
| Chapter 8. IMAGING OF THE FEMALE GENITOURINARY TRACT | 86 | ||
| REVIEW OF IMAGING MODALITIES | 86 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 92 | ||
| Chapter 9. PELVIC FLOOR ULTRASOUND | 100 | ||
| TWO-DIMENSIONAL PELVIC FLOOR ULTRASOUND | 100 | ||
| THREE-DIMENSIONAL PELVIC FLOOR IMAGING | 110 | ||
| FOUR-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING | 111 | ||
| PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 113 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 120 | ||
| Chapter 10. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE PELVIC FLOOR | 125 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATION OF SACRAL ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 125 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS BEFORE ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 125 | ||
| ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTING IN WOMEN WITH SACRAL COMPLAINTS | 125 | ||
| ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTING IN WOMEN WITH ESTABLISHED NEUROLOGIC DISEASE | 127 | ||
| ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 129 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 131 | ||
| Chapter 11. URODYNAMICS | 133 | ||
| REPRODUCTION OF SYMPTOMS FOR URODYNAMIC EVALUATION | 133 | ||
| INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, AND PATIENT PREPARATION | 133 | ||
| EVALUATION OF STORAGE FUNCTION | 134 | ||
| EVALUATION OF VOIDING FUNCTION | 139 | ||
| VIDEO URODYNAMICS | 141 | ||
| SPHINCTER ELECTROMYOGRAPHY | 142 | ||
| AMBULATORY URODYNAMICS | 142 | ||
| Chapter 12. MEASUREMENT OF URINARY SYMPTOMS, HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE, AND OUTCOMES OF TREATMENT FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE | 147 | ||
| HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE | 147 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRES | 147 | ||
| TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRES | 149 | ||
| THE ROLE OF INCONTINENCE QUESTIONNAIRES | 153 | ||
| COMBINED MEASURES OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES | 154 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 155 | ||
| Section 3: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 159 | ||
| Chapter 13. CATEGORIZATION OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 161 | ||
| NORMAL LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION | 161 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF THE MICTURITION CYCLE | 164 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ABNORMALITIES OF FILLING OR STORAGE AND EMPTYING OR VOIDING | 164 | ||
| CATEGORIZATION OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTIONS | 165 | ||
| THE OVERACTIVE BLADDER: DEFINITIONS | 170 | ||
| Chapter 14. VOIDING DYSFUNCTION AND NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS | 172 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE NEUROLOGIC PATIENT | 172 | ||
| BLADDER DYSFUNCTION IN SPECIFIC NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS | 173 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 177 | ||
| Chapter 15. VOIDING DYSFUNCTION AFTER PELVIC SURGERY | 178 | ||
| SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | 178 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 178 | ||
| EVALUATION OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 179 | ||
| PELVIC SURGERY | 180 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 184 | ||
| Chapter 16. IDIOPATHIC URINARY RETENTION IN THE FEMALE | 187 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY RETENTION | 187 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC URINARY RETENTION: FOWLER'S SYNDROME | 189 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 192 | ||
| Section 4: OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 195 | ||
| Chapter 17. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 197 | ||
| TERMINOLOGY | 197 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 197 | ||
| EVALUATION | 198 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 202 | ||
| Chapter 18. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 204 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 204 | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS TO OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 205 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 210 | ||
| Chapter 19. BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION AND CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 213 | ||
| LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS | 213 | ||
| BLADDER RETRAINING AND PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE EXERCISES | 218 | ||
| BIOFEEDBACK THERAPY | 220 | ||
| ELECTRICAL STIMULATION | 225 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 229 | ||
| Chapter 20. DRUG TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN WOMEN | 233 | ||
| CLINICAL UROPHARMACOLOGY OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 233 | ||
| DECREASING BLADDER CONTRACTILITY | 234 | ||
| INCREASING BLADDER CAPACITY BY DECREASING SENSORY (AFFERENT) INPUT | 245 | ||
| INCREASING OUTLET RESISTANCE | 247 | ||
| CIRCUMVENTING THE PROBLEM | 251 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 251 | ||
| Chapter 21. PHARMACOLOGIC NEUROMODULATION | 257 | ||
| INTRAVESICAL CAPSAICIN AND RESINIFERATOXIN | 257 | ||
| BOTULINUM TOXIN | 260 | ||
| Chapter 22. SACRAL NEUROMODULATION INTERVTIM FOR THE TREATMENT OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER | 266 | ||
| HOW SACRAL NEUROMODULATION WORKS | 266 | ||
| TROUBLESHOOTING | 272 | ||
| TREATMENT RESULTS | 273 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 275 | ||
| Chapter 23. POSTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE STIMULATION FOR PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION | 277 | ||
| SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM | 277 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS NEUROMODULATION: RATIONALE AND THEORETICAL MECHANISM | 277 | ||
| EARLY EXPERIENCES WITH PERIPHERAL NEUROSTIMULATION | 278 | ||
| RECENT EVIDENCE | 279 | ||
| PTNS FOR NONURINARY MANIFESTATIONS OF PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION | 280 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 281 | ||
| Chapter 24. PUDENDAL NERVE STIMULATION | 284 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE PUDENDAL NERVE | 284 | ||
| DEVICES AVAILABLE FOR PUDENDAL NERVE STIMULATION | 284 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 284 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 285 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 288 | ||
| Chapter 25. DETRUSOR MYOMECTOMY | 290 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 290 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 290 | ||
| DETRUSOR MYOMECTOMY TECHNIQUE | 290 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 291 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOME OF DETRUSOR MYOMECTOMY | 291 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 292 | ||
| Chapter 26. BLADDER AUGMENTATION | 293 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 293 | ||
| AUGMENTATION USING GASTROINTESTINAL SEGMENTS | 293 | ||
| SEROMUSCULAR ENTEROPLASTY | 295 | ||
| AUGMENTATION WITH UROTHELIUM | 295 | ||
| URETEROCYSTOPLASTY | 295 | ||
| LONG-TERM RESULTS OF AUGMENTATION CYSTOPLASTY | 295 | ||
| Section 5: STRESS INCONTINENCE | 299 | ||
| Chapter 27. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS INCONTINENCE | 301 | ||
| THE STRESS CONTINENCE CONTROL SYSTEM | 301 | ||
| EFFECT OF PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH ON THE PELVIC FLOOR | 303 | ||
| ROLE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE | 305 | ||
| EFFECT OF URETHRAL POSITION AND FUNCTION ON STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 305 | ||
| ROLE OF IMAGING AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY | 306 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 307 | ||
| Chapter 28. PELVIC FLOOR REHABILITATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE | 310 | ||
| PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE EXERCISES | 310 | ||
| PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING PROGRAMS | 311 | ||
| BIOFEEDBACK THERAPY | 313 | ||
| ELECTRICAL STIMULATION | 318 | ||
| INTRAVAGINAL RESISTANCE DEVICES AND ANTI-INCONTINENCE DEVICES | 322 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS | 322 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 322 | ||
| Chapter 29. SELECTING THE BEST SURGICAL OPTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 327 | ||
| CHOOSING AN INCONTINENCE PROCEDURE | 327 | ||
| INTRINSIC URETHRAL DYSFUNCTION | 328 | ||
| URETHRAL HYPERMOBILITY | 329 | ||
| RECURRENT STRESS INCONTINENCE | 329 | ||
| MIXED INCONTINENCE | 330 | ||
| VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 330 | ||
| CONCOMITANT SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 331 | ||
| CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING ANTI-INCONTINENCE SURGERY | 331 | ||
| HOW AND WHEN TO INCLUDE A NEW PROCEDURE | 333 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 333 | ||
| Chapter 30. OUTCOME MEASURES FOR PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 336 | ||
| QUANTIFYING AND STAGING PROLAPSE | 336 | ||
| OUTCOME MEASURES FOR PROLAPSE-RELATED SYMPTOMS | 338 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 347 | ||
| Chapter 31. URETHRAL INJECTABLES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 348 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 348 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BULKING AGENTS | 348 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 348 | ||
| INJECTION TECHNIQUE | 349 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 350 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES | 350 | ||
| INJECTABLE MATERIALS | 351 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 357 | ||
| Chapter 32. ROLE OF NEEDLE SUSPENSIONS | 362 | ||
| HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEEDLE SUSPENSIONS (1949-1989) | 362 | ||
| CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES (1989-2005) | 364 | ||
| DEBATE: A FUTURE FOR NEEDLE SUSPENSIONS? | 369 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 372 | ||
| Chapter 33. VAGINAL WALL SLING | 375 | ||
| MINIMALLY INVASIVE SLING PROCEDURES | 375 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT | 375 | ||
| METHOD: IN SITU VAGINAL WALL SLING WITH PRESERVATION OF THE ENDOPELVIC FASCIA | 375 | ||
| RESULTS | 377 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 377 | ||
| COMMENT | 377 | ||
| Chapter 34. FREE VAGINAL WALL SLING | 379 | ||
| RATIONALE | 380 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 380 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 380 | ||
| RESULTS | 381 | ||
| SURGICAL TIPS AND TRICKS AND POSSIBLE INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 382 | ||
| EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS (0 TO 48 HOURS) | 383 | ||
| LONG-TERM POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AND OPERATIVE RESULTS | 383 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 384 | ||
| Chapter 35. COLPOCYSTOURETHROPEXY | 385 | ||
| SURGICAL PRINCIPLES | 385 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 387 | ||
| PRECAUTIONS | 388 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 389 | ||
| Chapter 36. AUTOLOGOUS FASCIAL SLINGS | 391 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 391 | ||
| SPECIFIC INDICATIONS FOR AUTOLOGOUS PUBOVAGINAL SLINGS | 391 | ||
| OPERATIVE PROCEDURE | 396 | ||
| Chapter 37. USE OF CADAVERIC FASCIA FOR PUBOVAGINAL SLINGS | 400 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 400 | ||
| GRAFT SELECTION | 400 | ||
| PROCESSING OF FASCIA | 400 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 401 | ||
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE FASCIA IN FAILED CASES | 402 | ||
| RESULTS | 403 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 404 | ||
| Chapter 38. FASCIA LATA SLING | 406 | ||
| HISTORY | 406 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 406 | ||
| CHOICE OF FASCIA LATA SLING AND SOURCE | 407 | ||
| CADAVERIC FASCIA LATA OUTCOMES | 409 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 409 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES | 411 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 411 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 412 | ||
| Chapter 39. TENSION-FREE VAGINAL TAPE | 415 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 415 | ||
| PROOF OF CONCEPT | 416 | ||
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESPONSE | 416 | ||
| EFFICACY | 417 | ||
| BLADDER PERFORATION | 418 | ||
| OTHER COMPLICATIONS | 418 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 418 | ||
| Chapter 40. MIDURETHRAL TO DISTAL URETHRAL SLINGS | 421 | ||
| MIDURETHRAL TO DISTAL URETHRAL SLINGS | 421 | ||
| SURGERY | 423 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 429 | ||
| Chapter 41. DISTAL URETHRAL POLYPROPYLENE SLING | 430 | ||
| MID-DISTAL TO DISTAL SUBURETHRAL SLINGS | 430 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 430 | ||
| SURGICAL OUTCOMES | 431 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 433 | ||
| Chapter 42. THE SPARC SLING SYSTEM | 435 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 435 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 436 | ||
| CONCOMITANT PROCEDURES | 441 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 441 | ||
| Chapter 43. PERCUTANEOUS VAGINAL TAPE SLING PROCEDURE | 444 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 444 | ||
| OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE OF PERCUTANEOUS VAGINAL TAPE PLACEMENT | 445 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 447 | ||
| RESULTS | 447 | ||
| RESULTS | 448 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 451 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 451 | ||
| Chapter 44. TRANSOBTURATOR APPROACH TO MIDURETHRAL SLING | 453 | ||
| DESCRIPTION | 453 | ||
| ANATOMY | 454 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 454 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 456 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES | 456 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 456 | ||
| Chapter 45. CADAVERIC FASCIAL SLING USING BONE ANCHORS | 457 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 457 | ||
| CADAVERIC FASCIA | 457 | ||
| BONE ANCHORS | 458 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION | 458 | ||
| OPERATIVE PROCEDURE | 459 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 460 | ||
| RESULTS | 461 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 462 | ||
| Chapter 46. RADIOFREQUENCY TREATMENT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GENUINE STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 463 | ||
| THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES | 463 | ||
| ENERGY-TISSUE INTERACTIONS | 463 | ||
| TREATMENT METHODOLOGY | 464 | ||
| RESULTS | 464 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 465 | ||
| SUMMARY | 465 | ||
| Chapter 47. SURGERY FOR REFRACTORY URINARY INCONTINENCE: SPIRAL SLING | 469 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT | 469 | ||
| THE SPIRAL SLING | 469 | ||
| ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER: TRANSVAGINAL APPROACH | 472 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 475 | ||
| Chapter 48. MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE | 477 | ||
| DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE | 477 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS OF MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE | 477 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 477 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF URODYNAMICS | 479 | ||
| CONSERVATIVE THERAPY | 479 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 480 | ||
| CONTROVERSIES CONCERNING PREDICTORS OF POOR OUTCOMES | 481 | ||
| EVALUATION OF POSTOPERATIVE VOIDING DYSFUNCTION | 482 | ||
| TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY POSTOPERATIVE URGE SYMPTOMS AND DYSFUNCTIONAL VOIDING | 483 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 483 | ||
| Chapter 49. COMPLICATIONS OF INCONTINENCE PROCEDURES IN WOMEN | 486 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 486 | ||
| EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 489 | ||
| DELAYED OR LATE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 489 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF LAPAROSCOPIC SUSPENSIONS | 496 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 499 | ||
| Section 6: FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION | 503 | ||
| Chapter 50. FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION | 505 | ||
| SEXUAL HEALTH | 505 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION | 507 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 509 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF WOMEN'S SEXUAL HEALTH CONCERNS | 514 | ||
| TREATMENT | 517 | ||
| SEXUAL PAIN MANAGEMENT | 519 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 521 | ||
| Section 7: FEMALE ORGAN PROLAPSE | 525 | ||
| Chapter 51. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 527 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 527 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 528 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 528 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 528 | ||
| SUMMARY | 531 | ||
| Chapter 52. PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, AND PELVIC FLOOR INJURY | 533 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 533 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 534 | ||
| OBSTETRIC RISK FACTORS | 535 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS | 536 | ||
| SUMMARY | 538 | ||
| Chapter 53. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 542 | ||
| SUPPORT OF THE PELVIC ORGANS: CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW | 542 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 551 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 553 | ||
| Chapter 54. PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE: CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND PRESENTATION | 556 | ||
| DEFINITION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 556 | ||
| HISTORY | 556 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 557 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 558 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 559 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 562 | ||
| Chapter 55. IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 564 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES FOR EVALUATION OF PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS | 564 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 571 | ||
| Chapter 56. DYNAMIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 579 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION | 579 | ||
| SUMMARY | 584 | ||
| Chapter 57. URODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH PROLAPSE | 586 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 586 | ||
| INITIAL EVALUATION OF URINARY SYMPTOMS | 587 | ||
| ROLE OF URODYNAMICS IN PREDICTING OCCULT STRESS INCONTINENCE IN WOMEN DUE TO BE TREATED FOR PROLAPSE | 600 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 600 | ||
| Chapter 58. NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF VAGINAL PROLAPSE: DEVICES FOR PROLAPSE AND INCONTINENCE | 603 | ||
| NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF VAGINAL PROLAPSE | 603 | ||
| NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE | 605 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 607 | ||
| Chapter 59 USE OF SYNTHETICS AND BIOMATERIALS IN VAGINAL RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | 609 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND PELVIC FLOOR RELAXATION | 609 | ||
| HISTORY OF THE URINARY SLING WITH AUTOLOGOUS FASCIA | 609 | ||
| HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMATERIALS IN PELVIC RECONSTRUCTION | 610 | ||
| SURGICAL RESULTS OF BIOMATERIALS FOR URINARY SLINGS | 612 | ||
| HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | 613 | ||
| SURGICAL RESULTS OF SYNTHETIC MATERIALS FOR SLINGS | 615 | ||
| HISTORY OF BIOMATERIALS AND SYNTHETICS FOR THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT | 616 | ||
| MATERIALS USED FOR APICAL SUPPORT | 619 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF SYNTHETICS AND BIOMATERIALS IN VAGINAL RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | 620 | ||
| Part A: ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL PROLAPSE | 624 | ||
| Chapter 60. MANAGEMENT OF THE URETHRA IN VAGINAL PROLAPSE | 624 | ||
| EFFECT OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE ON URINARY SYMPTOMS | 624 | ||
| OCCULT STRESS INCONTINENCE IN PROLAPSE | 625 | ||
| OUTCOME STUDIES | 627 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 628 | ||
| Chapter 61. CADAVERIC FASCIAL REPAIR OF CYSTOCELE | 629 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 629 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION | 630 | ||
| OPERATIVE PROCEDURE | 630 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 632 | ||
| RESULTS | 633 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 634 | ||
| Chapter 62. TRANSABDOMINAL PARAVAGINAL CYSTOCELE REPAIR | 635 | ||
| HISTORY | 635 | ||
| ANATOMY | 636 | ||
| TRANSABDOMINAL REPAIR | 638 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC REPAIR | 638 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 640 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 640 | ||
| Chapter 63. ANTERIOR COLPORRHAPHY FOR CYSTOCELE REPAIR | 642 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY | 642 | ||
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | 643 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 644 | ||
| SURGICAL OUTCOMES | 645 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 646 | ||
| ANTERIOR COLPORRHAPHY WITH KELLY PLICATION AS AN INCONTINENCE PROCEDURE | 646 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 647 | ||
| Chapter 64. TRANSVAGINAL PARAVAGINAL REPAIR OF HIGH-GRADE CYSTOCELE | 649 | ||
| ANATOMY | 649 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 650 | ||
| EVALUATION | 651 | ||
| SURGICAL REPAIR | 652 | ||
| RESULTS | 653 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 653 | ||
| Chapter 65. CYSTOCELE REPAIR USING BIOLOGIC MATERIAL | 655 | ||
| BIOMATERIALS | 655 | ||
| NONABSORBABLE PORCINE COLLAGEN | 655 | ||
| RESULTS: PORCINE COLLAGEN | 656 | ||
| SMALL INTESTINE SUBMUCOSA | 657 | ||
| HUMAN DERMIS | 658 | ||
| BOVINE PERICARDIUM | 658 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHINIQUE | 659 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 659 | ||
| Chapter 66. TENSION-FREE CYSTOCELE REPAIR USING PROLENE MESH | 662 | ||
| EVOLUTION OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 662 | ||
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND ITS ROLE IN THE PELVIC FLOOR | 662 | ||
| HEALING PROCESS AFTER SURGICAL REPAIR | 663 | ||
| WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A MESH IS IMPLANTED IN THE BODY | 663 | ||
| WHAT MATERIALS ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR THE SURGICAL REINFORCEMENT OF PELVIC TISSUE? | 663 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC BIOMATERIALS | 663 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF SYNTHETIC MATERIALS | 665 | ||
| TECHNIQUES | 666 | ||
| THE NEW TRANSOBTURATOR CYSTOCELE REPAIR | 667 | ||
| TRANSVAGINAL MESH CYSTOCELE REPAIR | 667 | ||
| EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE | 667 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 668 | ||
| Part B: ENTEROCELE AND UTERINE PROLAPSE | 673 | ||
| Chapter 67. SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT SUSPENSION FOR VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE | 673 | ||
| HISTORY | 673 | ||
| UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT SUSPENSIONS | 673 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 674 | ||
| ANATOMY | 674 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE AND PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 675 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 675 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 677 | ||
| ANATOMIC OUTCOMES | 678 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS | 680 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE TRANSVAGINAL VAULT SUSPENSION PROCEDURES | 680 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 680 | ||
| Chapter 68. REPAIR OF VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE USING SOFT PROLENE MESH | 683 | ||
| APICAL VAGINAL WALL PROLAPSE: ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 683 | ||
| EVALUATION | 683 | ||
| CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT | 684 | ||
| SURGERY | 684 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 687 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 687 | ||
| Chapter 69. USE OF A POSTERIOR SLING FOR VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE | 689 | ||
| HISTORY | 689 | ||
| RESTORATION OF STRUCTURE | 689 | ||
| CORRECTIVE SURGERY | 690 | ||
| RESTORATION OF FUNCTION | 694 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 696 | ||
| Chapter 70. TRANSVAGINAL REPAIR OF APICAL PROLAPSE: THE UTEROSACRAL VAULT SUSPENSION | 698 | ||
| HISTORY | 699 | ||
| TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENT VAULT SUSPENSION | 700 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS | 701 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 702 | ||
| Chapter 71. VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF VAGINAL PROLAPSE | 705 | ||
| ANATOMY OF PELVIC SUPPORT | 705 | ||
| Section 8: DEFECATORY FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION | 759 | ||
| Chapter 78. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF DEFECATORY DYSFUNCTION | 761 | ||
| ANATOMY | 761 | ||
| MECHANISM OF DEFECATION | 761 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 761 | ||
| FECAL INCONTINENCE | 763 | ||
| CONSTIPATION | 765 | ||
| IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME | 766 | ||
| RECTAL PROLAPSE | 768 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 770 | ||
| Section 9: FISTULAS AND DIVERTICULA | 773 | ||
| Chapter 79. URETHROVAGINAL FISTULA | 775 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 775 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 775 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 776 | ||
| RESULTS | 779 | ||
| PREVENTION | 779 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 779 | ||
| Chapter 80. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ABSENT OR DAMAGED URETHRA | 782 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 782 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 783 | ||
| RESULTS | 790 | ||
| BLADDER FLAP TECHNIQUES | 792 | ||
| OTHER TECHNIQUES | 793 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 793 | ||
| Chapter 81. VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA: VAGINAL APPROACH | 794 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 794 | ||
| PREVENTION | 794 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 794 | ||
| TREATMENT | 795 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 800 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 800 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 800 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 800 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 800 | ||
| Chapter 82. ABDOMINAL APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA | 802 | ||
| HISTORY | 802 | ||
| ABDOMINAL APPROACH | 803 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 809 | ||
| RESULTS | 810 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 812 | ||
| Chapter 83. RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA | 816 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 816 | ||
| EVALUATION | 816 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 816 | ||
| SURGICAL REPAIRS | 817 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS | 819 | ||
| RESULTS | 819 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 820 | ||
| Chapter 84. URETEROVAGINAL FISTULA | 821 | ||
| DEFINITION AND INCIDENCE | 821 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 821 | ||
| EVALUATION | 821 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY | 822 | ||
| SURGICAL THERAPY | 823 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 824 | ||
| Chapter 85. URETHRAL DIVERTICULA | 825 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE URETHRA | 825 | ||
| URETHRAL DIVERTICULA | 826 | ||
| SURGICAL REPAIR OF FEMALE URETHRAL DIVERTICULA | 836 | ||
| Section 10: PELVIC PAIN AND INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS | 845 | ||
| Chapter 86. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN WOMEN | 847 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 847 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS | 848 | ||
| TREATMENT | 849 | ||
| PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO PATIENT ASSESSMENT | 850 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 854 | ||
| Chapter 87. VULVAR AND VAGINAL PAIN, DYSPAREUNIA, AND ABNORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE | 857 | ||
| DEFINITION OF VULVODYNIA AND CURRENT NOMENCLATURE | 857 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VULVODYNIA | 857 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE VULVA AND VAGINA | 857 | ||
| EVALUATION | 860 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VULVAR OR VAGINAL PAIN | 861 | ||
| Chapter 88. BENIGN CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE VAGINA AND VULVA | 877 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 877 | ||
| CYSTS OF EMBRYONIC ORIGIN | 878 | ||
| CYSTS OF URETHRAL ORIGIN | 880 | ||
| EPIDERMAL CYSTS | 882 | ||
| ENDOMETRIOSIS | 882 | ||
| ECTOPIC URETEROCELE | 882 | ||
| PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 882 | ||
| RARE CYSTIC LESIONS | 883 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 884 | ||
| Chapter 89. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PELVIC PAIN | 885 | ||
| DEFINITIONS: WHAT IS CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN? | 885 | ||
| HOW COMMON IS CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN? EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA | 886 | ||
| NEUROANATOMY OF THE PELVIS | 886 | ||
| VISCERAL NOCICEPTION: VISCERAL NOCICEPTORS, VISCERAL SENSITIZATION, AND REFERRED PAIN MECHANISMS | 888 | ||
| SEX, GENDER, AND GONADAL HORMONAL STATUS | 889 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 889 | ||
| Chapter 90. NEUROENDOCRINE ROLE IN INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS AND CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN IN WOMEN | 892 | ||
| THE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM | 893 | ||
| Chapter 91. FOCAL NEUROMUSCULAR THERAPIES FOR CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROMES IN WOMEN | 905 | ||
| BIOFEEDBACK THERAPY | 905 | ||
| MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINT RELEASE THERAPY | 906 | ||
| ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR NEUROMODULATION | 910 | ||
| BOTULINUM A TOXIN | 911 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PUDENDAL NERVE ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME | 912 | ||
| Chapter 92. PAINFUL BLADDER SYNDROME AND INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS | 916 | ||
| EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY: PAINFUL BLADDER SYNDROME AND INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS | 916 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY, ASSOCIATIONS, AND IMPACT | 917 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 921 | ||
| CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND STRATEGIES | 921 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS | 924 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 932 | ||
| Section 11: GERIATRIC UROLOGY | 937 | ||
| Chapter 93. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INCONTINENCE AND VOIDING DYSFUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY | 939 | ||
| URINARY INCONTINENCE | 939 | ||
| VOIDING DYSFUNCTIONS | 944 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 945 | ||
| Chapter 94. LOWER URINARY TRACT DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY FEMALE | 948 | ||
| AGING AND THE FEMALE LOWER URINARY TRACT | 948 | ||
| URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN ELDERLY WOMEN | 949 | ||
| URINARY INCONTINENCE IN ELDERLY WOMEN | 951 | ||
| Chapter 95. URODYNAMICS EVALUATION IN THE ELDERLY | 961 | ||
| URODYNAMICS LABORATORY | 962 | ||
| NONINVASIVE URINARY FLOW STUDIES | 962 | ||
| Section 12: RECONSTRUCTION | 971 | ||
| Chapter 96. USE OF BOWEL IN LOWER URINARY TRACT RECONSTRUCTION IN WOMEN | 973 | ||
| HISTORY OF AUGMENTATION ENTEROCYSTOPLASTY AND ORTHOTOPIC BLADDER SUBSTITUTION | 973 | ||
| ORTHOTOPIC BLADDER SUBSTITUTION | 975 | ||
| CONTINENT CUTANEOUS DIVERSION | 983 | ||
| ILEOCECAL POUCH: MAINZ POUCH I | 983 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 987 | ||
| Chapter 97. TRANSVAGINAL CLOSURE OF THE BLADDER NECK IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE | 994 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 994 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR THE PROCEDURE | 994 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 995 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 995 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND COMPLICATIONS | 996 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 997 | ||
| Chapter 98. TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE URINARY TRACT AND TREATMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 998 | ||
| NATIVE CELLS | 999 | ||
| ANGIOGENIC FACTORS | 999 | ||
| BIOMATERIALS | 999 | ||
| TISSUE ENGINEERING OF SPECIFIC STRUCTURES | 1000 | ||
| ALTERNATE CELL SOURCES: STEM CELLS AND NUCLEAR TRANSFER | 1003 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 1005 | ||
| Chapter 99. VAGINOPLASTYŒCONSTRUCTION OF NEOVAGINA | 1008 | ||
| VAGINAL RECONSTRUCTION | 1008 | ||
| LABIAL REDUCTION: LABIOPLASTY | 1016 | ||
| INDEX | 1023 |