BOOK
Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians - E-Book
Boyce P. Wanamaker | Kathy Massey
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Now in full color, Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 5th Edition shows you how to administer prescribed drugs to animals, calculate drug dosages accurately, and instruct clients about side effects and precautions. Coverage of drug information includes pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical uses, dosage forms, and adverse effects. An Evolve companion website enhances the book with narrated videos demonstrating drug administration techniques, animations of pharmacologic processes, dosage calculation exercises, and much more. Written by veterinary technology experts Boyce Wanamaker and Kathy Lockett Massey, this resource provides the pharmacology knowledge you need to succeed as a vet tech!
- Illustrated, step-by-step procedures demonstrate proper administration techniques for common drug forms.
- Body systems organization provides a logical sequence of study, followed by anti-infectives, antiparasitics, anti-inflammatory agents, and others.
- Dosage calculation exercises provide practice immediately after new information is presented.
- Proprietary drug names are listed with generic drug names, highlighting drugs with generic options.
- Review questions reinforce understanding of key concepts, with answers located in the back of the book.
- An Evolve companion website provides drug administration videos, drug calculators with accompanying word problems, photos of drug labels, animations of pharmacologic processes, and dosage calculation exercises.
- Key terms, chapter outlines, and learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter make studying easier.
- Technician Notes provide useful hints and important reminders to help you avoid common errors and increase your efficiency.
- UNIQUE Pharmacy Management and Inventory Control chapter offers practical tips relating to vendor types, communicating with sales representatives, and using veterinary practice management software.
- Now in full color, UPDATED drug information keeps you current with the latest pharmacologic agents and their uses, adverse side effects, and dosage forms.
- NEW coverage of stem cell treatment in Immunologic Drugs chapter addresses scientific advances in this area.
- UPDATED fluid therapy chapter explains the role of parenteral fluids, oral fluids, and nutritional products in drug therapy.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ifc1 | ||
| Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 5/e | i | ||
| Copyright page | ii | ||
| Dedication | iii | ||
| Preface | iv | ||
| New to this Edition | iv | ||
| Evolve Site | iv | ||
| Acknowledgments | v | ||
| Table of Contents | vi | ||
| 1 General Pharmacology | 1 | ||
| Outline | 1 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 2 | ||
| Drug Sources | 2 | ||
| Inactive Ingredients | 3 | ||
| Pharmacotherapeutics | 3 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 5 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 6 | ||
| Oral | 6 | ||
| Parenteral | 6 | ||
| Inhalation | 8 | ||
| Topical | 8 | ||
| Drug Absorption | 8 | ||
| Drug Distribution | 10 | ||
| Biotransformation | 11 | ||
| Drug Excretion | 11 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics | 13 | ||
| Drug Interactions | 14 | ||
| Drug Names | 15 | ||
| Drug Labels | 16 | ||
| Development and Approval of New Drugs | 18 | ||
| Regulatory Agencies | 18 | ||
| The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank | 18 | ||
| Steps in the Development of a New Drug | 18 | ||
| Preliminary Trials | 18 | ||
| Preclinical (Animal Safety) Trials | 18 | ||
| Clinical Trials | 19 | ||
| Submission of a New Animal Drug Application | 20 | ||
| Final Review by the Food and Drug Administration | 20 | ||
| Product Monitoring | 20 | ||
| The Green Book | 20 | ||
| Federal Laws Related to Drug Development and Use | 20 | ||
| The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act | 20 | ||
| Prohibited: | 20 | ||
| Restricted: | 21 | ||
| Compounding of Veterinary Drugs | 21 | ||
| The Veterinary Feed Directive | 22 | ||
| The Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health Act | 22 | ||
| Dispensing Versus Prescribing Drugs | 22 | ||
| Marketing of Drugs | 22 | ||
| Disposal of Unwanted Drugs | 23 | ||
| Review Questions | 24 | ||
| References | 26 | ||
| 2 Routes and Techniques of Drug Administration | 27 | ||
| Outline | 27 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 27 | ||
| Key Terms | 27 | ||
| Introduction | 28 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 28 | ||
| Drug Preservatives and Solvents | 34 | ||
| Drug Administration | 34 | ||
| Oral Medications | 34 | ||
| Parenteral Medications | 36 | ||
| Intramuscular Injections | 44 | ||
| Subcutaneous Injections | 44 | ||
| Inhalation Medications | 44 | ||
| Topical Medications | 44 | ||
| Medication Orders | 46 | ||
| Dispensed Medication Labeling | 46 | ||
| Controlled Substances | 47 | ||
| Client Education | 48 | ||
| Review Questions | 49 | ||
| References | 50 | ||
| 3 Practical Calculations | 51 | ||
| Outline | 51 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 51 | ||
| Key Terms | 51 | ||
| Introduction | 52 | ||
| Mathematic Fundamentals | 52 | ||
| Systems of Measurement | 53 | ||
| Metric System | 53 | ||
| Conversion Between Metric Units | 53 | ||
| Apothecary and Household Systems | 55 | ||
| Dosage Calculations | 55 | ||
| Solutions | 57 | ||
| Percent Concentrations | 57 | ||
| Calculations Involving Concentrations | 58 | ||
| Milliequivalents | 59 | ||
| Calculations Involving Intravenous Fluid Administration | 59 | ||
| Calculations for Constant Rate Infusion Problems | 60 | ||
| Review Questions | 61 | ||
| Problems Using Ratios and Proportions | 61 | ||
| Ratios | 61 | ||
| Proportions (Solve for X.) | 61 | ||
| Problems Using the Metric System | 62 | ||
| Problems Using the Apothecary and Household Systems | 62 | ||
| Problems Combining the Two Systems | 62 | ||
| Problems Measuring Oral Medications | 62 | ||
| Problems Measuring Parenteral Medications | 64 | ||
| Injection Problems | 65 | ||
| Preparing Solutions | 65 | ||
| Problems Calculating Intravenous (IV) Drip Rates | 66 | ||
| References | 67 | ||
| 4 Drugs Used in Nervous System Disorders | 68 | ||
| Outline | 68 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 69 | ||
| Key Terms | 68 | ||
| Introduction | 69 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 69 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System | 73 | ||
| How Drugs Affect the Autonomic Nervous System | 76 | ||
| Classes of Autonomic Nervous System Agents | 76 | ||
| Cholinergic Agents | 76 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 76 | ||
| Direct-Acting Cholinergics | 77 | ||
| Indirect-Acting Cholinergic (Anticholinesterase) Agents | 77 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 77 | ||
| Cholinergic Blocking Agents (Anticholinergic) | 77 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 77 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 77 | ||
| 5 Drugs Used in Respiratory System Disorders | 99 | ||
| Outline | 99 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 99 | ||
| Key Terms | 99 | ||
| Introduction | 100 | ||
| Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology | 100 | ||
| Respiratory Defense Mechanisms | 101 | ||
| Principles of Respiratory Therapeutics | 102 | ||
| Inhalation Therapy for Respiratory Disease | 102 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 103 | ||
| Categories of Respiratory Drugs | 103 | ||
| Expectorants | 103 | ||
| Guaifenesin | 104 | ||
| 6 Drugs Used in Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders | 113 | ||
| Outline | 113 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 113 | ||
| Key Terms | 113 | ||
| Introduction | 114 | ||
| Physiologic Principles | 115 | ||
| Renal Failure | 117 | ||
| Drugs Commonly Used for the Treatment of Renal Dysfunction and Associated Hypertension | 117 | ||
| Diuretic Drugs | 117 | ||
| Loop Diuretics | 117 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 118 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 118 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 118 | ||
| Osmotic Diuretics | 118 | ||
| 7 Drugs Used in Cardiovascular System Disorders | 129 | ||
| Outline | 129 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 129 | ||
| Key Terms | 129 | ||
| Introduction | 130 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart | 130 | ||
| Compensatory Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular System | 133 | ||
| Basic Objectives in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease | 135 | ||
| Categories of Cardiovascular Drugs | 135 | ||
| Positive Inotropic Drugs | 135 | ||
| Cardiac Glycosides (Digitalis) | 135 | ||
| 8 Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal System Disorders | 148 | ||
| Outline | 148 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 149 | ||
| Key Terms | 148 | ||
| Introduction | 149 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 149 | ||
| Regulation of the Gastrointestinal System | 152 | ||
| Vomiting | 152 | ||
| Emetics | 154 | ||
| Centrally Acting Emetics | 154 | ||
| Apomorphine | 154 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 154 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 154 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 154 | ||
| Xylazine | 154 | ||
| Locally Acting Emetics | 154 | ||
| Hydrogen Peroxide | 154 | ||
| 9 Drugs Used in Hormonal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Disorders | 170 | ||
| Outline | 170 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 171 | ||
| Key Terms | 170 | ||
| Introduction | 171 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 171 | ||
| Pituitary Gland | 171 | ||
| Control of the Endocrine System | 173 | ||
| Feedback Mechanism | 173 | ||
| Neurohormonal Reflex | 173 | ||
| Control of the Reproductive System | 174 | ||
| Hormonal Drugs Associated with Reproduction | 175 | ||
| Gonadotropins and Gonadal Hormones | 175 | ||
| Gonadotropins | 175 | ||
| Gonadorelin | 175 | ||
| 10 Drugs Used in Ophthalmic and Otic Disorders | 194 | ||
| Outline | 194 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 195 | ||
| Key Terms | 194 | ||
| Introduction | 195 | ||
| Diagnostic Agents | 196 | ||
| Fluorescein Sodium | 197 | ||
| 11 Drugs Used in Skin Disorders | 212 | ||
| Outline | 212 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 212 | ||
| Key Terms | 212 | ||
| Introduction | 213 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 213 | ||
| Wound Healing | 215 | ||
| Topical Antipruritics and Antiinflammatories | 215 | ||
| Noncorticosteroids | 215 | ||
| Aluminum Acetate Solution | 215 | ||
| 12 Antiinfective Drugs | 229 | ||
| Outline | 229 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 230 | ||
| Key Terms | 229 | ||
| Introduction | 231 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 231 | ||
| Aminocyclitols | 232 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics | 232 | ||
| Amikacin | 233 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 233 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 233 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 233 | ||
| Storage of the Drug | 233 | ||
| Apramycin | 234 | ||
| 13 Antiparasitic Drugs | 268 | ||
| Outline | 268 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 268 | ||
| Key Terms | 268 | ||
| Introduction | 269 | ||
| Endoparasites | 270 | ||
| Antinematodal | 270 | ||
| Benzimidazoles | 270 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 272 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 272 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 272 | ||
| Organophosphates | 274 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 275 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 275 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 275 | ||
| Tetrahydropyrimidines | 277 | ||
| 14 Drugs Used to Relieve Pain and Inflammation | 296 | ||
| Outline | 296 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 296 | ||
| Key Terms | 296 | ||
| Introduction | 297 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 299 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 301 | ||
| Salicylates | 302 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 302 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 302 | ||
| 15 Therapeutic Nutritional, Fluid, and Electrolyte Replacements | 319 | ||
| Outline | 319 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 320 | ||
| Key Terms | 319 | ||
| Introduction | 320 | ||
| Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry | 320 | ||
| Distribution of Body Water and Electrolytes | 320 | ||
| Composition of Body and Therapeutic Fluids | 320 | ||
| Osmotic Pressure and Tonicity of Fluids | 322 | ||
| Principles of Fluid Therapy | 324 | ||
| Indications for Fluid Therapy | 324 | ||
| Fluid Balance | 325 | ||
| History, Physical Examination, and Laboratory Findings | 325 | ||
| Determining the Amount of Fluid to Administer | 327 | ||
| Routes of Fluid Administration | 327 | ||
| Rate of Administration | 330 | ||
| Monitoring Fluid Administration | 331 | ||
| Discontinuation of Fluid Therapy | 331 | ||
| Preparing Fluid Administration Equipment | 331 | ||
| Types of Solutions Used in Fluid Therapy | 333 | ||
| Crystalloid Solutions | 334 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 334 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 335 | ||
| Isotonic High-Sodium Crystalloids | 336 | ||
| Physiologic Saline | 336 | ||
| Lactated Ringer’s Solution | 336 | ||
| Ringer’s Solution (Injection) | 336 | ||
| Normosol R | 336 | ||
| Plasma-Lyte | 336 | ||
| Hypotonic Low-Sodium Crystalloids | 336 | ||
| Dextrose 5% in Water | 336 | ||
| Dextrose 2.5% With 0.45% Saline | 336 | ||
| Half-Strength Lactated Ringer’s Solution With 2.5% Dextrose | 336 | ||
| 16 Blood-Modifying, Antineoplastic, and Immunosuppressant Drugs | 348 | ||
| Outline | 348 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 348 | ||
| Key Terms | 348 | ||
| Introduction | 349 | ||
| Blood-Modifying Drugs/Agents | 349 | ||
| Hematinics | 349 | ||
| Iron Compounds | 350 | ||
| 17 Immunologic Drugs | 372 | ||
| Outline | 372 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 372 | ||
| Key Terms | 372 | ||
| Principles of Vaccination | 373 | ||
| Common Vaccine Types That Produce Active Immunity | 374 | ||
| Inactivated | 374 | ||
| 18 Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents | 391 | ||
| Outline | 391 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 391 | ||
| Key Terms | 391 | ||
| Alternative Medicines | 392 | ||
| Chondroprotectives | 392 | ||
| Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans | 392 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 392 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 392 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 392 | ||
| Regenerative Medicine | 392 | ||
| Stem Cell Therapy | 392 | ||
| Platelet-Rich Plasma | 393 | ||
| Interleukin-1 Antagonist Protein | 393 | ||
| Nutraceuticals | 394 | ||
| Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate | 395 | ||
| Fatty Acids | 395 | ||
| S-Adenosylmethionine | 395 | ||
| Superoxide Dismutase | 396 | ||
| Coenzyme Q | 396 | ||
| Herbal Medicines | 396 | ||
| Summary of Herbal Medicines | 398 | ||
| Aloe | 398 | ||
| Bloodroot | 398 | ||
| Echinacea | 398 | ||
| Garlic | 398 | ||
| Ginseng | 399 | ||
| Ginkgo | 399 | ||
| Goldenseal | 399 | ||
| Milk Thistle | 399 | ||
| St. John’s Wort | 399 | ||
| Saw Palmetto | 399 | ||
| Miscellaneous Antidotes | 399 | ||
| Activated Charcoal | 399 | ||
| Clinical Uses | 399 | ||
| Dosage Forms | 399 | ||
| Adverse Side Effects | 399 | ||
| Calcium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid | 399 | ||
| 19 Inventory: | 408 | ||
| Outline | 408 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 408 | ||
| Key Terms | 408 | ||
| Introduction | 409 | ||
| Inventory | 409 | ||
| The Time Equation | 412 | ||
| Turnover | 412 | ||
| Calculating Turnover Rate | 412 | ||
| Controlling Inventory | 412 | ||
| Proactive Inventory Control System | 413 | ||
| Keeping Accurate Records | 414 | ||
| Inventory Records | 414 | ||
| Reorder Quantity | 418 | ||
| Rabies Vaccine | 418 | ||
| Organizing Inventory | 418 | ||
| Pharmacy and Inventory Control Manager Office | 418 | ||
| Organizing Inventory in the Veterinary Hospital | 418 | ||
| Staff Memos | 420 | ||
| Special Conditions | 420 | ||
| Physical Inventory | 420 | ||
| Monthly Inventory Versus Rotating Inventory | 420 | ||
| Purchasing Information | 420 | ||
| Incoming Freight | 422 | ||
| FOB Rules and Shipment Contracts | 422 | ||
| Receiving Freight | 423 | ||
| Stocking Shelves | 423 | ||
| Vendors | 423 | ||
| Communicating With Sales Representatives | 424 | ||
| Drug Enforcement Administration Forms | 424 | ||
| Special Orders | 424 | ||
| Human Pharmacy | 424 | ||
| Computers and Inventory | 424 | ||
| The Job of Inventory Control Manager | 425 | ||
| Review Questions | 425 | ||
| References | 426 | ||
| Appendix A Common Abbreviations Used in Veterinary Medicine | 427 | ||
| Appendix B Weights and Measures | 429 | ||
| Appendix C Antidotes | 433 | ||
| Appendix D Common Drugs: Approximate Dosages | 442 | ||
| Appendix E Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification | 485 | ||
| Appendix F Controlled Substances Information Summary | 493 | ||
| Schedules of Controlled Substances | 493 | ||
| Registration Requirements | 493 | ||
| Security Requirements | 494 | ||
| Record-Keeping Requirements | 494 | ||
| Disposal of Controlled Substances | 495 | ||
| Valid Prescription Requirements | 495 | ||
| Bibliography | 496 | ||
| Glossary | 498 | ||
| Review Question Answers | e1 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 1 | e1 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 2 | e3 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 3 | e3 | ||
| Ratios | e3 | ||
| Proportions | e3 | ||
| Problems Using the Metric System | e3 | ||
| Problems Using the Apothecary and Household Systems | e4 | ||
| Problems Combining Both Systems | e4 | ||
| Problems Measuring Oral Medications | e4 | ||
| Problems Measuring Parenteral Medications | e4 | ||
| Injection Problems | e4 | ||
| Preparing Solutions | e5 | ||
| Problems Calculating IV Drip Rates | e5 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 4 | e6 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 5 | e6 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 6 | e7 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 7 | e7 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 8 | e8 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 9 | e9 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 10 | e10 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 11 | e10 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 12 | e11 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 13 | e11 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 14 | e11 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 15 | e12 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 16 | e13 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 17 | e13 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 18 | e14 | ||
| Answers to Chapter 19 | e14 | ||
| Index | 506 | ||
| A | 506 | ||
| B | 511 | ||
| C | 512 | ||
| D | 515 | ||
| E | 516 | ||
| F | 517 | ||
| G | 518 | ||
| H | 519 | ||
| I | 520 | ||
| J | 522 | ||
| K | 522 | ||
| L | 522 | ||
| M | 523 | ||
| N | 524 | ||
| O | 525 | ||
| P | 526 | ||
| Q | 529 | ||
| R | 529 | ||
| S | 530 | ||
| T | 531 | ||
| U | 533 | ||
| V | 533 | ||
| W | 534 | ||
| X | 534 | ||
| Y | 534 | ||
| Z | 534 | ||
| Inside back cover | ibc1 |