Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
There’s no other A&P text that equals Anatomy & Physiology for its student-friendly writing, visually engaging content, and wide range of learning support. Focusing on the unifying themes of structure and function in homeostasis, this dynamic text helps you easily master difficult material with consistent, thorough, and non-intimidating explanations. You can also connect with the textbook through a number of electronic resources, including the engaging A&P Online course, an electronic coloring book, online tutoring, and more!
- Creative, dynamic design with over 1400 full-color photographs and drawings, plus a comprehensive color key, illustrates the most current scientific knowledge and makes the information more accessible.
- UNIQUE! Consistent, unifying themes in each chapter such as the Big Picture and Cycle of Life sections tie your learning together and make anatomical concepts relevant.
- UNIQUE! Body system chapters have been broken down into separate chapters to help you learn material in smaller pieces.
- UNIQUE! A&P Connect guides you to the Evolve site where you can learn more about related topics such as disease states, health professions, and more.
- Quick Guide to the Language of Science and Medicine contains medical terminology, scientific terms, pronunciations, definitions, and word part breakdowns for key concepts.
- Brief Atlas of the Human of the Human Body contains more than 100 full-color supplemental photographs of the human body, including surface and internal anatomy.
- Smaller, separate chapters for Cell Reproduction, Autonomic Nervous System, Endocrine Regulation, and Endocrine Glands.
- Expansion of A&P Connect includes Protective Strategies of the Respiratory Tract, "Meth Mouth," Chromosome Territories, Using Gene Therapy, and Amazing Amino Acids.
- Art and content updates include new dynamic art and the most current information available.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | xv | ||
| About the Authors | iii | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiv | ||
| Color Key | xxiv | ||
| Illustration and Photograph Credits—20th Edition | xxvi | ||
| Unit One: The Body as a Whole | 1 | ||
| CHAPTER 1. Organization of the Body | 3 | ||
| Science and Society | 4 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 5 | ||
| Language of Science and Medicine | 5 | ||
| Characteristics of Life | 6 | ||
| Levels of Organization | 7 | ||
| Anatomical Position | 10 | ||
| Body Cavities | 10 | ||
| Body Regions | 12 | ||
| Terms Used in Describing Body Structure | 15 | ||
| Body Planes and Sections | 15 | ||
| Interaction of Structure and Function | 17 | ||
| Homeostasis | 18 | ||
| Homeostatic Control Mechanisms | 20 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Life Span Considerations | 24 | ||
| The Big picture: Organization of the Body | 24 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 25 | ||
| Case Study | 29 | ||
| CHAPTER 2. The Chemical Basis of Life | 33 | ||
| Basic Chemistry | 34 | ||
| Metabolism | 41 | ||
| Organic and Inorganic Compounds | 42 | ||
| Inorganic Molecules | 42 | ||
| Organic Molecules | 45 | ||
| The Big Picture: The Chemical Basis of Life | 59 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 60 | ||
| Case Study | 61 | ||
| CHAPTER 3. Anatomy of Cells | 66 | ||
| Functional Anatomy of Cells | 67 | ||
| Cell Membranes | 70 | ||
| Cytoplasm and Organelles | 73 | ||
| Nucleus | 78 | ||
| Cytoskeleton | 79 | ||
| Cell Connections | 83 | ||
| The Big Picture: Cell Anatomy and the Whole Body | 84 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 85 | ||
| Case Study | 86 | ||
| CHAPTER 4. Physiology of Cells | 90 | ||
| Movement of Substances Through Cell Membranes | 91 | ||
| Cell Metabolism | 102 | ||
| The Big Picture: Cell Physiology and the Whole Body | 108 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 108 | ||
| Case Study | 110 | ||
| CHAPTER 5. Cell Growth and Reproduction | 113 | ||
| Protein Synthesis | 114 | ||
| Cell Growth | 121 | ||
| Cell Reproduction | 123 | ||
| Regulating the Cell Life Cycle | 125 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Cells | 127 | ||
| The Big Picture: Cell Growth, Reproduction, and the Whole Body | 127 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 127 | ||
| CHAPTER 6. Tissues | 131 | ||
| Introduction to Tissues | 132 | ||
| Principal Types of Tissue | 132 | ||
| Extracellular Matrix | 134 | ||
| Epithelial Tissue | 135 | ||
| Connective Tissue | 143 | ||
| Muscle Tissue | 152 | ||
| Nervous Tissue | 154 | ||
| Tissue Repair | 154 | ||
| Body Membranes | 155 | ||
| The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body | 158 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 158 | ||
| Case Study | 162 | ||
| Unit Two: Support and Movement | 169 | ||
| CHAPTER 7. Skin and Its Appendages | 170 | ||
| Structure of the Skin | 171 | ||
| Hypodermis | 178 | ||
| Skin Color | 178 | ||
| Functions of the Skin | 181 | ||
| Appendages of the Skin | 185 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Skin | 188 | ||
| The Big Picture: Skin and the Whole Body | 189 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 189 | ||
| Case Study | 195 | ||
| CHAPTER 8. Skeletal Tissues | 199 | ||
| Functions of Bone | 200 | ||
| Types of Bones | 200 | ||
| Bone Tissue | 203 | ||
| Microscopic Structure of Bone | 204 | ||
| Bone Marrow | 207 | ||
| Regulation of Blood Calcium Levels | 208 | ||
| Development of Bone | 209 | ||
| Bone Remodeling | 212 | ||
| Repair of Bone Fractures | 213 | ||
| Cartilage | 214 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Skeletal Tissues | 216 | ||
| The Big Picture: Skeletal Tissues | 216 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 216 | ||
| Case Study | 219 | ||
| CHAPTER 9. Skeletal System | 223 | ||
| Divisions of the Skeleton | 224 | ||
| Axial Skeleton | 226 | ||
| Appendicular Skeleton | 250 | ||
| Skeletal Differences Between Men and Women | 261 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Skeletal System | 262 | ||
| The Big Picture: Skeletal System | 263 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 263 | ||
| Case Study | 267 | ||
| CHAPTER 10. Articulations | 271 | ||
| Classification of Joints | 272 | ||
| Representative Synovial Joints | 277 | ||
| Types and Range of Movement at Synovial Joints | 286 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Articulations | 292 | ||
| The Big Picture: Articulations | 292 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 293 | ||
| Case Study | 297 | ||
| CHAPTER 11. Anatomy of the Muscular System | 301 | ||
| Skeletal Muscle Structure | 302 | ||
| How Muscles Are Named | 308 | ||
| Important Skeletal Muscles | 311 | ||
| Trunk Muscles | 315 | ||
| Upper Limb Muscles | 322 | ||
| Lower Limb Muscles | 333 | ||
| Posture | 341 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Muscular System | 342 | ||
| The Big Picture: Skeletal Muscles and the Whole Body | 342 | ||
| Case Study | 344 | ||
| CHAPTER 12. Physiology of the Muscular System | 347 | ||
| General Functions | 348 | ||
| Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue | 348 | ||
| Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs | 360 | ||
| The Graded Strength Principle | 364 | ||
| Function of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Tissue | 368 | ||
| The Big Picture: Muscle Tissue and the Whole Body | 371 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 372 | ||
| Case Study | 374 | ||
| Unit Three: Communication, Control, and Integration | 379 | ||
| CHAPTER 13. Nervous System Cells | 380 | ||
| Organization of the Nervous System | 382 | ||
| Cells of the Nervous System | 383 | ||
| Nerves and Tracts | 392 | ||
| Repair of Nerve Fibers | 392 | ||
| Nerve Impulses | 393 | ||
| Action Potential | 395 | ||
| Synaptic Transmission | 399 | ||
| Neurotransmitters | 404 | ||
| Role of Nervous System Cells | 410 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Nervous System Cells | 411 | ||
| The Big Picture: Nervous System Cells and the Whole Body | 411 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 411 | ||
| Case Study | 414 | ||
| CHAPTER 14. Central Nervous System | 420 | ||
| Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord | 421 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | 424 | ||
| Spinal Cord | 426 | ||
| Brain | 429 | ||
| Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System | 448 | ||
| Somatic Motor Pathways in the Central Nervous System | 449 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Central Nervous System | 451 | ||
| The Big Picture: The Central Nervous System and the Whole Body | 452 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 452 | ||
| Case Study | 456 | ||
| CHAPTER 15. Peripheral Nervous System | 463 | ||
| Spinal Nerves | 464 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 473 | ||
| Somatic Motor Nervous System | 481 | ||
| The Big Picture: Peripheral Nervous System and the Whole Body | 483 | ||
| Case Study | 484 | ||
| CHAPTER 16. Autonomic Nervous System | 488 | ||
| Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System | 489 | ||
| Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System | 490 | ||
| Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System | 498 | ||
| The Big Picture: Autonomic Nervous System and the Whole Body | 501 | ||
| Case Study | 502 | ||
| CHAPTER 17. Sense Organs | 505 | ||
| Sensory Receptors | 506 | ||
| Classification of Receptors | 507 | ||
| Sense of Smell | 513 | ||
| Sense of Taste | 516 | ||
| Senses of Hearing and Balance: The Ear | 517 | ||
| Vision: The Eye | 524 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Sense Organs | 534 | ||
| The Big Picture: Sense Organs | 534 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 534 | ||
| Case Study | 539 | ||
| CHAPTER 18. Endocrine System | 545 | ||
| Organization of the Endocrine System | 546 | ||
| Hormones | 547 | ||
| Prostaglandins | 556 | ||
| The Big Picture: The Endocrine Regulation and the Whole Body | 558 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 558 | ||
| CHAPTER 19. Endocrine Glands | 563 | ||
| Pituitary Gland | 564 | ||
| Pineal Gland | 571 | ||
| Thyroid Gland | 572 | ||
| Parathyroid Glands | 575 | ||
| Adrenal Glands | 577 | ||
| Pancreatic Islet | 580 | ||
| Gonads | 584 | ||
| Placenta | 585 | ||
| Thymus | 585 | ||
| Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa | 586 | ||
| Heart | 586 | ||
| Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones | 586 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Endocrine System | 586 | ||
| The Big Picture: The Endocrine System and the Whole Body | 587 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 587 | ||
| Case Study | 590 | ||
| Unit Four: Transportation and Defense | 597 | ||
| CHAPTER 20. Blood | 598 | ||
| Composition of Blood | 599 | ||
| Formed Elements of Blood | 600 | ||
| Blood Types (Blood Groups) | 609 | ||
| Blood Plasma | 613 | ||
| Blood Clotting (Coagulation) | 613 | ||
| The Big Picture: Blood and the Whole Body | 619 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 619 | ||
| Case Study | 625 | ||
| CHAPTER 21. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System | 629 | ||
| Heart | 630 | ||
| Blood Vessel Types | 642 | ||
| Major Blood Vessels | 647 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Cardiovascular Anatomy | 669 | ||
| The Big Picture: Cardiovascular Anatomy and the Whole Body | 669 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 669 | ||
| Case Study | 676 | ||
| CHAPTER 22. Physiology of the Cardiovascular System | 681 | ||
| Hemodynamics | 682 | ||
| The Heart as a Pump | 683 | ||
| Primary Principle of Circulation | 690 | ||
| Arterial Blood Pressure | 691 | ||
| Venous Return to the Heart | 701 | ||
| Measuring Blood Pressure | 705 | ||
| Minute Volume of Blood | 707 | ||
| Velocity of Blood Flow | 708 | ||
| Pulse | 709 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Cardiovascular Physiology | 711 | ||
| The Big Picture: Blood Flow and the Whole Body | 712 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 712 | ||
| Case Study | 716 | ||
| CHAPTER 23. Lymphatic System | 722 | ||
| Overview of the Lymphatic System | 723 | ||
| Lymph and Interstitial Fluid | 724 | ||
| Lymphatic Vessels | 724 | ||
| Circulation of Lymph | 726 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 728 | ||
| Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast | 732 | ||
| Tonsils | 733 | ||
| Thymus | 734 | ||
| Spleen | 735 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Lymphatic System | 737 | ||
| The Big Picture: Lymphatic System and the Whole Body | 737 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 738 | ||
| Case Study | 741 | ||
| CHAPTER 24. Immune System | 745 | ||
| Organization of the Immune System | 746 | ||
| Innate Immunity | 748 | ||
| Overview of Adaptive Immunity | 756 | ||
| B Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity | 758 | ||
| T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity | 764 | ||
| Types of Adaptive Immunity | 768 | ||
| Summary of Adaptive Immunity | 769 | ||
| The Big Picture: Immune System and the Whole Body | 772 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 772 | ||
| Case Study | 777 | ||
| CHAPTER 25. Stress | 782 | ||
| Selye’s Concept of Stress | 783 | ||
| Some Current Concepts About Stress | 788 | ||
| The Big Picture: Stress and the Whole Body | 793 | ||
| Case Study | 794 | ||
| Unit Five: Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion | 797 | ||
| CHAPTER 26. Anatomy of the Respiratory System | 798 | ||
| Structural Plan of the Respiratory System | 799 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Tract | 799 | ||
| Lower Respiratory Tract | 807 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Respiratory System | 816 | ||
| The Big Picture: Anatomy of the Respiratory System | 816 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 816 | ||
| Case Study | 820 | ||
| CHAPTER 27. Physiology of the Respiratory System | 823 | ||
| Respiratory Physiology | 824 | ||
| Pulmonary Ventilation | 824 | ||
| Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 838 | ||
| How Blood Transports Gases | 841 | ||
| Systemic Gas Exchange | 846 | ||
| Regulation of Pulmonary Function | 848 | ||
| The Big Picture: Respiratory Physiology and the Whole Body | 853 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 854 | ||
| Case Study | 857 | ||
| CHAPTER 28. Anatomy of the Digestive System | 861 | ||
| Organization of the Digestive System | 862 | ||
| Mouth | 864 | ||
| Pharynx | 870 | ||
| Esophagus | 870 | ||
| Stomach | 872 | ||
| Small Intestine | 875 | ||
| Large Intestine | 877 | ||
| Vermiform Appendix | 879 | ||
| Peritoneum | 880 | ||
| Liver | 882 | ||
| Gallbladder | 885 | ||
| Pancreas | 886 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Digestive System | 887 | ||
| The Big Picture: Anatomy of the Digestive System | 888 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 888 | ||
| Case Study | 897 | ||
| CHAPTER 29. Physiology of the Digestive System | 901 | ||
| Overview of Digestive Function | 902 | ||
| Digestion | 904 | ||
| Secretion | 914 | ||
| Control of Digestive Gland Secretion | 918 | ||
| Absorption | 921 | ||
| Elimination | 924 | ||
| The Big Picture: Digestion and the Whole Body | 925 | ||
| Case Study | 927 | ||
| CHAPTER 30. Nutrition and Metabolism | 931 | ||
| Overview of Nutrition and Metabolism | 932 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 934 | ||
| Lipids | 946 | ||
| Proteins | 948 | ||
| Vitamins and Minerals | 952 | ||
| Metabolic Rates | 955 | ||
| Mechanisms for Regulating Food Intake | 958 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Nutrition and Metabolism | 960 | ||
| The Big Picture: Nutrition, Metabolism, and the Whole Body | 960 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 961 | ||
| Case Study | 965 | ||
| CHAPTER 31. Urinary System | 970 | ||
| Anatomy of the Urinary System | 971 | ||
| Physiology of the Urinary System | 982 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Urinary System | 993 | ||
| The Big Picture: Urinary System and the Whole Body | 993 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 994 | ||
| Case Study | 999 | ||
| CHAPTER 32. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | 1003 | ||
| Interrelationship of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | 1004 | ||
| Total Body Water | 1004 | ||
| Body Fluid Compartments | 1005 | ||
| Chemical Content, Distribution, and Measurement of Electrolytes in Body Fluids | 1005 | ||
| Avenues by Which Water Enters and Leaves the Body | 1009 | ||
| Some General Principles About Fluid Balance | 1009 | ||
| Mechanisms That Maintain Homeostasis of Total Fluid Volume | 1010 | ||
| Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Levels in Plasma and Interstitial Fluid | 1012 | ||
| Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Levels in ICF | 1016 | ||
| Regulation of Sodium and Potassium Levels in Body Fluids | 1017 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | 1018 | ||
| The Big Picture: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance | 1019 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 1019 | ||
| Case Study | 1021 | ||
| CHAPTER 33. Acid-Base Balance | 1025 | ||
| Mechanisms That Control pH of Body Fluids | 1026 | ||
| Buffer Mechanisms for Controlling pH of Body Fluids | 1028 | ||
| Respiratory Mechanisms of pH Control | 1032 | ||
| Urinary Mechanisms That Control pH | 1033 | ||
| The Big Picture: Acid-Base Balance | 1036 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 1036 | ||
| Case Study | 1039 | ||
| Unit Six: Reproduction and Development | 1043 | ||
| CHAPTER 34. Male Reproductive System | 1044 | ||
| Sexual Reproduction | 1045 | ||
| Male Reproductive Organs | 1045 | ||
| Testes | 1046 | ||
| Reproductive Ducts | 1051 | ||
| Accessory Reproductive Glands | 1053 | ||
| Supporting Structures | 1054 | ||
| Composition and Course of Seminal Fluid | 1055 | ||
| Male Fertility | 1055 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Male Reproductive System | 1056 | ||
| The Big Picture: Male Reproductive System | 1057 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 1057 | ||
| Case Study | 1059 | ||
| CHAPTER 35. Female Reproductive System | 1063 | ||
| Overview of the Female Reproductive System | 1064 | ||
| Ovaries | 1066 | ||
| Uterus | 1068 | ||
| Uterine Tubes | 1070 | ||
| Vagina | 1071 | ||
| Vulva | 1072 | ||
| Female Reproductive Cycles | 1074 | ||
| Breasts | 1082 | ||
| Cycle of Life: Female Reproductive System | 1085 | ||
| The Big Picture: Female Reproductive System and the Whole Body | 1086 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 1086 | ||
| Case Study | 1092 | ||
| CHAPTER 36. Growth and Development | 1096 | ||
| A New Human Life | 1097 | ||
| Prenatal Period | 1103 | ||
| Postnatal Period | 1116 | ||
| Effects of Aging | 1120 | ||
| Causes of Death | 1122 | ||
| The Big Picture: Growth, Development, and the Whole Body | 1123 | ||
| Mechanisms of Disease | 1124 | ||
| Case Study | 1126 | ||
| CHAPTER 37. Genetics and Heredity | 1131 | ||
| The Science of Genetics | 1132 | ||
| Chromosomes and Genes | 1132 | ||
| Gene Expression | 1136 | ||
| Medical Genetics | 1141 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment of Genetic Diseases | 1146 | ||
| The Big Picture: Genetics, Heredity, and the Whole Body | 1149 | ||
| Case Study | 1151 | ||
| Glossary | G-1 | ||
| Index | I-1 |