BOOK
Principles of Neurological Surgery E-Book
Richard G. Ellenbogen | Saleem I. Abdulrauf | Laligam N Sekhar
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Principles of Neurosurgery, by Drs. Richard G. Ellenbogen, Saleem I. Abdulrauf and Laligam N Sekhar, provides a broad overview of neurosurgery ideal for anyone considering or training in this specialty. From general principles to specific techniques, it equips you with the perspectives and skills you need to succeed. Comprehensive without being encyclopedic, this new edition familiarizes you with the latest advances in the field—neuroimaging, the medical and surgical treatment of epilepsy, minimally invasive techniques, and new techniques in position and incisions—and shows you how to perform key procedures via an online library of surgical videos at www.expertconsult.com. No other source does such an effective job of preparing you for this challenging field!
- Get comprehensive coverage of neurosurgery, including pre- and post- operative patient care, neuroradiology, pediatric neurosurgery, neurovascular surgery, trauma surgery, spine surgery, oncology, pituitary adenomas, cranial base neurosurgery, image-guided neurosurgery, treatment of pain, epilepsy surgery, and much more.
- Gain a clear visual understanding from over 1,200 outstanding illustrations—half in full color—including many superb clinical and operative photographs, surgical line drawings, and at-a-glance tables.
- Apply best practices in neuroimaging techniques, minimally invasive surgery, epilepsy surgery, and pediatric neurosurgery.
- Master key procedures by watching experts perform them in a video library online at www.expertconsult.com, where you can also access the fully searchable text, an image gallery, and links to PubMed.
- Keep up with recent advances in neurosurgery with fully revised content covering neuroimaging, the medical and surgical treatment of epilepsy, minimally invasive techniques, new techniques in position and incisions, deep brain stimulation, cerebral revascularization, and treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury in soldiers.
- Apply the latest guidance from new chapters on Cerebral Revascularization, Principles of Modern Neuroimaging, Principles of Operative Positioning, Pediatric Stroke and Moya-Moya, Anomalies of Craniovertebral Junction, and Degenerative Spine Disease.
- Tap into truly global perspectives with an international team of contributors led by Drs. Richard G. Ellenbogen and Saleem I. Abdulrauf.
- Find information quickly and easily thanks to a full-color layout and numerous detailed illustrations.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover\r | Cover | ||
| IFC\r | IFC | ||
| Principles of Neurological Surgery\r | iii | ||
| Copyright\r | iv | ||
| In Memorium\r | v | ||
| Dedication\r | vii | ||
| Contributors | ix | ||
| Preface | xix | ||
| Contents | xxi | ||
| Online Video Contents | xxiii | ||
| Online Cases Studies Contents | xxv | ||
| Part 1 - General Overview | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Landmarks in the History of Neurosurgery | 3 | ||
| PREHISTORIC PERIOD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF TREPHINATION | 3 | ||
| EGYPTIAN AND BABYLONIAN MEDICINE: EMBRYONIC PERIOD | 3 | ||
| GREEK AND EARLY BYZANTINE PERIOD: THE ORIGINS OF NEUROSURGERY | 4 | ||
| SIXTEENTH CENTURY: ANATOMICAL EXPLORATION | 13 | ||
| SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: ORIGINS OF NEUROLOGY | 18 | ||
| EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: ADVENTUROUS SURGEONS | 20 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 35 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 36 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Clinical Evaluation of the Nervous System | 37 | ||
| NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY | 38 | ||
| FOCAL CORTICAL SIGNS | 38 | ||
| PYRAMIDAL TRACT | 39 | ||
| THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM | 40 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVES | 40 | ||
| CEREBELLUM | 44 | ||
| SPINAL CORD, NERVE ROOTS, AND MUSCLES | 45 | ||
| THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT | 47 | ||
| NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY | 48 | ||
| ANCILLARY DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 49 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND INVESTIGATION OF CEREBRAL TUMORS | 51 | ||
| HEADACHE | 51 | ||
| VASCULAR DISEASES | 51 | ||
| HYSTERIA AND MALINGERING | 52 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 52 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Principles of Modern Neuroimaging | 53 | ||
| PRINCIPLES | 54 | ||
| CLINICAL IMAGING | 56 | ||
| SUMMARY | 75 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 75 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Principles of Surgical Positioning | 77 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PATIENT POSITIONING | 77 | ||
| SUPINE POSITION | 80 | ||
| PRONE POSITION | 80 | ||
| LATERAL POSITION | 81 | ||
| THREE-QUARTER PRONE POSITION | 82 | ||
| SITTING POSITION | 83 | ||
| SURGICAL ERGONOMICS | 85 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 86 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 86 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 2 - Pediatric Neurosurgery | 87 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Spinal Dysraphism and Tethered Spinal Cord | 89 | ||
| MYELOMENINGOCELE | 89 | ||
| OCCULT SPINA BIFIDA AND THE TETHERED CORD SYNDROME | 93 | ||
| LIPOMYELOMENINGOCELE | 95 | ||
| DIASTEMATOMYELIA AND THE SPLIT CORD MALFORMATIONS | 98 | ||
| ANTERIOR SACRAL MENINGOCELE | 100 | ||
| CONGENITAL DERMAL SINUS AND HYPERTROPHIED FILUM TERMINALE | 101 | ||
| SACRAL AGENESIS, MYELOCYSTOCELE, AND CLOACAL EXTROPHY | 102 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 103 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 103 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Hydrocephalus in Children and Adults | 105 | ||
| HISTORY | 105 | ||
| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYDROCEPHALUS | 106 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCEPHALUS | 109 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 110 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 112 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS | 115 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF HYDROCEPHALUS TREATMENT | 120 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS | 124 | ||
| SUMMARY | 127 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 127 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Developmental Anomalies: Arachnoid Cysts, Dermoids, and Epidermoids | 129 | ||
| ARACHNOID CYSTS | 129 | ||
| DERMOID CYSTS | 131 | ||
| EPIDERMOID CYSTS | 134 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 135 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Diagnosis and Surgical Options for Craniosynostosis | 137 | ||
| HISTORY | 137 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 138 | ||
| GENETIC AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS | 138 | ||
| ANATOMICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 140 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND IMAGING | 140 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 141 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION/THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 143 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 155 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 155 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 9 - The Chiari Malformations and Syringohydromyelia | 157 | ||
| CHIARI I MALFORMATION | 158 | ||
| CHIARI II MALFORMATION | 162 | ||
| SYRINGOHYDROMYELIA | 164 | ||
| SUMMARY | 168 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 168 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Posterior Fossa and Brainstem Tumors in Children | 169 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 170 | ||
| GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING FEATURES | 170 | ||
| INDIVIDUAL POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMOR TYPES | 171 | ||
| SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS | 181 | ||
| BRAINSTEM GLIOMAS | 182 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Causes of Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children: Pediatric Moyamoya Syndrome | 187 | ||
| PEDIATRIC ISCHEMIC STROKE | 187 | ||
| MOYAMOYA SYNDROME | 189 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 194 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 194 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 3 - Vascular Neurosurgery | 195 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease and Carotid Surgery | 197 | ||
| REVIEW OF CLINICAL ANATOMY | 198 | ||
| ATHEROSCLEROTIC CEREBROVASCULAR OCCLUSIVE DISEASE | 199 | ||
| NONATHEROSCLEROTIC OCCLUSIVE DISEASE | 203 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Intracranial Aneurysms | 209 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 210 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 210 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 211 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 212 | ||
| SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE | 214 | ||
| TREATMENT OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS | 215 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 228 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 228 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Vascular Malformations (Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas) | 229 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS | 229 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY | 230 | ||
| GRADING SYSTEMS | 233 | ||
| PATHOLOGICAL SEQUELAE | 234 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT | 235 | ||
| MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS | 235 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 236 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NATURAL COURSE | 237 | ||
| TREATMENT | 239 | ||
| DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS | 244 | ||
| SUMMARY | 246 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 246 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Cavernous Malformations Management Strategies | 249 | ||
| DESCRIPTION | 249 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 250 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OPTIONS | 250 | ||
| MANAGEMENT DECISIONS | 251 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 254 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 254 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 255 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage | 257 | ||
| BACKGROUND AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 257 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 257 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 259 | ||
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | 261 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 262 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 262 | ||
| TREATMENT | 263 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 264 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Endovascular Neurosurgery | 265 | ||
| INTRODUCTION (BOX 17.1) | 265 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES | 266 | ||
| ISCHEMIC STROKE INTERVENTION | 268 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS TREATMENT | 271 | ||
| CAROTID ANGIOPLASTY AND STENTING | 274 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM TREATMENT | 276 | ||
| PARENT VESSEL SACRIFICE | 284 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION EMBOLIZATION | 285 | ||
| ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY FOR VASOSPASM | 287 | ||
| TUMOR EMBOLIZATION | 287 | ||
| EPISTAXIS | 288 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 288 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 289 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Cerebral Revascularization for Giant Aneurysms of the Transitional Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery | 291 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 291 | ||
| TREATMENT OF GIANT INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ANEURYSMS | 292 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 308 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 308 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 4 - \rTrauma | 309 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Intracranial Hypertension | 311 | ||
| ACUTE INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENTION | 312 | ||
| SUBACUTE TO CHRONIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION | 320 | ||
| NOVEL ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES | 322 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 323 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Closed Head Injury | 325 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 326 | ||
| EVALUATION | 330 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY | 332 | ||
| GUIDELINES FOR TREATMENT | 338 | ||
| MEDICAL THERAPY | 338 | ||
| SURGICAL THERAPY | 345 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 346 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 347 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Penetrating Brain Injury | 349 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 349 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 350 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 352 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF PENETRATING BRAIN INJURY | 352 | ||
| MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE SETTING OF PENETRATING BRAIN INJURIES | 354 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 360 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 364 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Traumatic Skull and Facial Fractures | 365 | ||
| SKULL FRACTURES | 365 | ||
| MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES | 372 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 393 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 5 - Spine | 395 | ||
| Chapter 23 - Injuries to the Cervical Spine | 397 | ||
| NEUROLOGICAL INJURY | 397 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 401 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 411 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 411 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 24 - Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures | 413 | ||
| BIOMECHANICS | 413 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION | 414 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES | 415 | ||
| FRACTURE MANAGEMENT | 416 | ||
| SUMMARY | 418 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 419 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 25 - Intradural Extramedullary and Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors | 421 | ||
| INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY TUMORS | 421 | ||
| INTRAMEDULLARY SPINAL CORD TUMORS | 425 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 436 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 436 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 26 - Treatment of Spinal Metastatic Tumors | 437 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 438 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 438 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 439 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPIES | 442 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 443 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 27 - Spinal Cord Injury | 445 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 446 | ||
| TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH | 448 | ||
| CELLULAR TRANSPLANTATION STRATEGIES | 449 | ||
| CLINICAL MANAGEMENT | 450 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 454 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 454 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 28 - Syringomyelia | 455 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 459 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SYRINGOMYELIA | 459 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 462 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 463 | ||
| CONTROVERSIES IN MANAGEMENT | 464 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 464 | ||
| SURGERY | 464 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION AND SYRINGOMYELIA | 467 | ||
| SYRINGOMYELIA WITH CHIARI II MALFORMATION | 467 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 469 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 29 - Craniovertebral Junction: A Reappraisal | 471 | ||
| CRANIOVERTEBRAL ANOMALIES | 471 | ||
| ATLANTOAXIAL DISLOCATION | 471 | ||
| BASILAR INVAGINATION | 475 | ||
| DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS | 481 | ||
| RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AFFECTING CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION | 483 | ||
| TUBERCULOSIS OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION | 484 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 485 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 30 - Degenerative Spine Disease | 487 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SPINE DEGENERATION | 487 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 489 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS | 490 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS | 491 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 495 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 31 - Pediatric and Adult Scoliosis | 497 | ||
| PART I. SCOLIOSIS IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT | 497 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 507 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 32 - Acute Nerve Injuries | 509 | ||
| EVALUATING THE PATIENT WITH AN ACUTE PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY | 509 | ||
| SURGICAL NERVE REPAIR/RECONSTRUCTION | 513 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 514 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Entrapment Neuropathies | 515 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF NERVE COMPRESSION7 | 515 | ||
| DOUBLE CRUSH SYNDROME | 517 | ||
| NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROME IN DIABETICS | 517 | ||
| THE ENTRAPMENT SYNDROMES | 517 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 524 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 6 - Tumors | 525 | ||
| Chapter 34 - Low-Grade and High-Grade Gliomas | 527 | ||
| LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS | 527 | ||
| HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS | 533 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 534 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 534 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 35 - Metastatic Brain Tumors | 535 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES | 536 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS AND OUTCOMES | 536 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 539 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 539 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 36 - Meningiomas | 541 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 541 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 542 | ||
| IMAGING | 542 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 543 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 543 | ||
| DECISION MAKING | 544 | ||
| CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT | 544 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 544 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY | 563 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY | 563 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 564 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 37 - Tumors of the Pineal Region | 565 | ||
| HISTORY | 565 | ||
| ANATOMY | 566 | ||
| HISTOLOGY | 567 | ||
| FUNCTION | 567 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 568 | ||
| GERM CELL TUMORS | 568 | ||
| PINEAL PARENCHYMAL TUMORS | 571 | ||
| NON-NEOPLASTIC TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS | 573 | ||
| METASTASES TO THE PINEAL REGION | 574 | ||
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | 574 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES | 574 | ||
| CHOICE OF TREATMENTS | 577 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACHES | 578 | ||
| OTHER THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES | 581 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 583 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 584 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 38 - Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors | 585 | ||
| HISTORY OF CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE SURGERY | 585 | ||
| CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE ANATOMY | 586 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE | 586 | ||
| IMAGING | 586 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE | 588 | ||
| VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMAS | 590 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 593 | ||
| MENINGIOMAS | 594 | ||
| EPIDERMOIDS | 595 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 595 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 39 - Craniopharyngiomas and Suprasellar Tumors | 597 | ||
| CRANIOPHARYNGIOMAS | 597 | ||
| CYSTS OF THE SUPRASELLAR REGION | 613 | ||
| GLIOMAS OF THE CHIASM AND HYPOTHALAMUS | 614 | ||
| GERMINOMAS | 618 | ||
| HYPOTHALAMIC HAMARTOMAS | 618 | ||
| PITUICYTOMAS (TUMORS OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS) | 619 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 620 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 40 - Pituitary Tumors: Diagnosis and Management | 621 | ||
| THE PITUITARY GLAND | 621 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 623 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 623 | ||
| NONFUNCTIONING PITUITARY ADENOMAS | 624 | ||
| FUNCTIONING PITUITARY ADENOMAS | 628 | ||
| PITUITARY APOPLEXY | 643 | ||
| PEDIATRIC ADENOMAS | 643 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 644 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 644 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 41 - Endoscopic Approaches to Ventricular Tumors and Colloid Cysts | 645 | ||
| HISTORY | 645 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 645 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC PRINCIPLES | 646 | ||
| INTRAVENTRICULAR ENDOSCOPY FOR CYSTS | 647 | ||
| INTRAVENTRICULAR ENDOSCOPY FOR TUMORS | 648 | ||
| CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 650 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 650 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 42 - Microsurgical Approaches to the Ventricular System | 651 | ||
| MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY | 652 | ||
| PATHOLOGICAL ENTITIES | 654 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND GENERAL SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 654 | ||
| CRANIOTOMY FLAP AND CORTICAL INCISIONS | 655 | ||
| ANTERIOR TRANSCORTICAL APPROACHES | 656 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE TEMPORAL HORN | 658 | ||
| POSTERIOR TRANSCORTICAL APPROACHES | 659 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE FOURTH VENTRICLE | 662 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE DEFICITS AND COMPLICATION AVOIDANCE | 663 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 665 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 665 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 43 - Skull Base Approaches | 667 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE DECISION MAKING | 668 | ||
| ANTERIOR SKULL BASE APPROACHES | 668 | ||
| ANTEROLATERAL SKULL BASE APPROACHES | 672 | ||
| LATERAL AND POSTEROLATERAL SKULL BASE APPROACHES | 674 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF SKULL BASE APPROACHES | 678 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 678 | ||
| REFERENCES | 680 | ||
| Chapter 44 - Endoscopic Approaches to Skull Base Lesions, Ventricular Tumors, and Cysts | 681 | ||
| HISTORY | 681 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 682 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC PRINCIPLES | 682 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC INTRAVENTRICULAR SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 683 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL SKULL BASE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 685 | ||
| COMPLICATION AVOIDANCE DURING THE EXPANDED ENDONASAL APPROACH | 692 | ||
| OUTCOME AFTER THE EXPANDED ENDONASAL APPROACH | 693 | ||
| CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 693 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 694 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 7 - Radiosurgery | 695 | ||
| Chapter 45 - Application of Current Radiation Delivery Systems and Radiobiology | 697 | ||
| PHYSICS OF RADIOTHERAPY | 697 | ||
| BIOLOGY OF RADIATION THERAPY | 699 | ||
| HISTORY OF RADIOSURGERY | 701 | ||
| CONTEMPORARY RADIATION DELIVERY SYSTEMS | 701 | ||
| SUMMARY | 706 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 46 - Radiosurgery of Central Nervous System Tumors | 707 | ||
| RADIOSURGERY OR RADIOTHERAPY? | 707 | ||
| VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMAS | 708 | ||
| MENINGIOMAS | 708 | ||
| PITUITARY ADENOMAS | 709 | ||
| MALIGNANT CRANIAL BASE TUMORS | 710 | ||
| BRAIN METASTASES | 710 | ||
| GLIAL NEOPLASMS | 712 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 713 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 47 - Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Vascular Malformations | 715 | ||
| ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS | 715 | ||
| DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS | 723 | ||
| CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS | 724 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 725 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 725 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Part 8 - Functional/Pain | 727 | ||
| Chapter 48 - Trigeminal Neuralgia | 729 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 730 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 731 | ||
| TREATMENT | 732 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 735 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 735 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 735 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 49 - Surgical Therapy for Pain | 737 | ||
| LESIONAL SURGERY | 738 | ||
| NEUROMODULATION PROCEDURES | 746 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 755 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 50 - Spasticity: Classification, Diagnosis, and Management | 757 | ||
| CAUSES | 757 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 758 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 758 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 758 | ||
| TREATMENT | 759 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 763 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 763 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 51 - Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | 765 | ||
| GENERAL FEATURES | 765 | ||
| EVALUATION FOR SURGERY | 766 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 769 | ||
| RESULTS | 770 | ||
| FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 771 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 771 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 772 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 52 - Extratemporal Procedures and Hemispherectomy for Epilepsy | 773 | ||
| UNIQUE CHALLENGES IN EXTRATEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY | 773 | ||
| SURGICAL INDICATIONS | 774 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 776 | ||
| COMPLICATION AVOIDANCE | 780 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 780 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Chapter 53 - Basic Principles of Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and New Frontiers | 783 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 783 | ||
| DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION SURGERY: INDICATIONS, TARGET, AND OUTCOMES | 786 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 787 | ||
| SPECIFIC DISORDERS: INDICATIONS AND EFFICACY | 790 | ||
| EMERGING INDICATIONS | 793 | ||
| CONCLUSION (TABLE 53.3) | 794 | ||
| SELECTED KEY REFERENCES | 795 | ||
| REFERENCES | e1 | ||
| Index | 797 |