Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Wherever, whenever, or however you need it, unmatched procedural guidance is at your fingertips with the new edition of Schmidek & Sweet: Operative Neurosurgical Techniques! Completely revised under the auspices of new editor-chief Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, this comprehensive medical reference examines indications, operative techniques, complications, and results for nearly every neurosurgical procedure. Full-color illustrations, 21 new chapters, internationally-acclaimed contributors, surgical videos, and online access make it a "must have" for today's practitioner.
- Hone your skills for
Mastervirtually every routine and specialized procedure for brain, spinal, and peripheral nerve problems in adult patients. - Review clinical information on image-guided technologies and infections.
- Easily understand and apply techniques with guidance from more than 1,600 full-color illustrations.
- Rely on the knowledge and experience of new editor-in-chief Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa and leading international authorities, who offer multiple perspectives on neurosurgical challenges, from tried-and-true methods to the most current techniques.
- See exactly how to proceed with online surgical videos that guide you through each technique and procedure to ensure the best possible outcomes and results.
- Apply the latest techniques and knowledge in deep brain stimulation for epilepsy, movement disorders, dystonia, and psychiatric disorders; surgical management of blast injuries; invasive electrophysiology in functional neurosurgery; and interventional management of cerebral aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations.
- Take it with you anywhere! Access the full text, downloadable image library, video clips, and more at www.expertconsult.com.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volume 1 | Vol. 1_Cover | ||
| Front Cover | Vol. 1_Cover | ||
| IFC | Vol. 1_Cover 1 | ||
| SCHMIDEK & SWEET Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, methods, and results | Vol. 1_i | ||
| Copyright | Vol. 1_ii | ||
| Dedication | Vol. 1_iii | ||
| Section Editors | Vol. 1_v | ||
| Contributors | Vol. 1_vii | ||
| Preface | Vol. 1_xli | ||
| Contents | Vol. 1_xliii | ||
| Video Contents | Vol. 1_li | ||
| CHAPTER 1 - Ensuring Patient Safety in Surgery―First Do No Harm | Vol. 1_1 | ||
| The Nature of Iatrogenic Injury in Medicine and Surgery | Vol. 1_1 | ||
| A Human Factors Approach to Improving Patient Safety | Vol. 1_2 | ||
| Contributory Factor Analysis | Vol. 1_4 | ||
| Perspective | Vol. 1_10 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_10 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_11.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 2 - Surgical Navigation with Intraoperative Imaging: Special Operating Room Concepts | Vol. 1_12 | ||
| Computer-Assisted, Image-Guided Neuronavigation | Vol. 1_12 | ||
| Intraoperative Imaging | Vol. 1_13 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_19 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_20 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_20 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_20.e1 | ||
| Section One- SURGICAL MANAGEMENTOF BRAIN AND SKULL BASETUMORS | Vol. 1_21 | ||
| INTRA-AXIAL BRAIN TUMORS | Vol. 1_23 | ||
| CHAPTER 3 - Functional Tractography, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Intraoperative Integration of Modalities, and Neuronavigation | Vol. 1_23 | ||
| Scientific Principles of DTI | Vol. 1_23 | ||
| Preoperative Planning Applications | Vol. 1_25 | ||
| Intraoperative Neuronavigation | Vol. 1_26 | ||
| Limitations of DTI | Vol. 1_26 | ||
| Intraoperative Integration of Modalities | Vol. 1_27 | ||
| Postoperative Evaluation | Vol. 1_28 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_28 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_28 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_29.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 4 - Intraoperative Neurophysiology: A Tool to Prevent and/or Document Intraoperative Injury to the Nervous System | Vol. 1_30 | ||
| Supratentorial Surgery | Vol. 1_30 | ||
| Brain Stem Surgery | Vol. 1_34 | ||
| Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery | Vol. 1_38 | ||
| Surgery of the Lumbosacral Nervous System | Vol. 1_42 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_45 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_45.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 5 - Gamma Knife Surgery for Cerebral Vascular Malformations and Tumors | Vol. 1_46 | ||
| History | Vol. 1_47 | ||
| Pathophysiology | Vol. 1_47 | ||
| Gamma Surgery Procedure | Vol. 1_49 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 1_51 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_79 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_79 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_79.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 6 - Cortical and Subcortical Brain Mapping | Vol. 1_80 | ||
| Presurgical Functional Brain Mapping: Advances and Pitfalls | Vol. 1_80 | ||
| Postoperative Functional Mapping: Toward Multiple-Stages Surgical Approach | Vol. 1_90 | ||
| Conclusions and Perspectives | Vol. 1_91 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_92 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_93.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 7 - Chemotherapy for Brain Tumors | Vol. 1_94 | ||
| Factors Influencing Delivery of Chemotherapy to the Brain | Vol. 1_94 | ||
| Strategies to Improve Drug Delivery to Treat Brain Tumors | Vol. 1_95 | ||
| Various CNS Tumors | Vol. 1_96 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_103 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_104.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 8 - Current Surgical Management of High-Grade Gliomas | Vol. 1_105 | ||
| Preoperative Workup | Vol. 1_105 | ||
| Cytoreduction | Vol. 1_105 | ||
| Intraoperative Imaging | Vol. 1_106 | ||
| Motor Strip Mapping | Vol. 1_107 | ||
| Awake Craniotomy | Vol. 1_107 | ||
| Frontal Lobe | Vol. 1_107 | ||
| Temporal Lobe | Vol. 1_108 | ||
| Parietal Lobe | Vol. 1_108 | ||
| Occipital Lobe | Vol. 1_108 | ||
| Prognosis | Vol. 1_108 | ||
| New Directions | Vol. 1_109 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_110 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_110 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_110.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 9 - Surgical Management of Low-Grade Gliomas | Vol. 1_111 | ||
| Rationale and Indications | Vol. 1_111 | ||
| Intraoperative Mapping | Vol. 1_113 | ||
| Intraoperative Protocol | Vol. 1_115 | ||
| Functional Results of Surgery | Vol. 1_122 | ||
| Oncologic Results of Surgery | Vol. 1_123 | ||
| Strategy for Large Diffuse or Recurrent Tumors: The Concept of Brain Plasticity | Vol. 1_124 | ||
| Conclusive Remarks | Vol. 1_125 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_126 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_126.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 10 - Management of Recurrent Gliomas | Vol. 1_127 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 1_127 | ||
| Confirmation of Recurrence | Vol. 1_127 | ||
| Causes of Recurrence | Vol. 1_128 | ||
| Prognostic Implications of Residual and Recurrent Tumor | Vol. 1_129 | ||
| Therapy of Recurrent Glial Tumors | Vol. 1_130 | ||
| Reoperation for Malignant Glioma | Vol. 1_134 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_139 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_140.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 11 - Tumors in Eloquent Areas of Brain | Vol. 1_141 | ||
| Rationale for Aggressive Resection | Vol. 1_141 | ||
| Definitions of Eloquent Cortex | Vol. 1_141 | ||
| Testing of Cerebral Dominance | Vol. 1_142 | ||
| Anatomic Localization of Eloquent Areas | Vol. 1_143 | ||
| Intraoperative Stimulation Mapping | Vol. 1_143 | ||
| Functional Imaging | Vol. 1_146 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_147 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_147 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_148.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 12 - Management of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas | Vol. 1_149 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology | Vol. 1_149 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_150 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | Vol. 1_150 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_151 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_154 | ||
| Prognosis | Vol. 1_158 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_158 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_159.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 13 - Surgical Management of Brain Stem Tumors in Adults | Vol. 1_160 | ||
| Imaging and Classification | Vol. 1_160 | ||
| Additional Imaging Modalities | Vol. 1_161 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | Vol. 1_162 | ||
| Stereotactic Biopsy | Vol. 1_164 | ||
| Indications for Surgery | Vol. 1_164 | ||
| Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping | Vol. 1_165 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_167 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | Vol. 1_167 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 1_168 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_168 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_168 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_168.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 14 - Cerebellar Tumors in Adults | Vol. 1_169 | ||
| Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Preoperative Management | Vol. 1_169 | ||
| Intrinsic Cerebellar Tumors in Adults | Vol. 1_170 | ||
| Surgical Approaches to the Cerebellum | Vol. 1_174 | ||
| Postsurgical Complications and Management | Vol. 1_176 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_177 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_177.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 15 - Surgical Management of Cerebral Metastases | Vol. 1_178 | ||
| Magnitude of the Problem | Vol. 1_178 | ||
| Treatment Goals: Advantages of Surgical Resection | Vol. 1_178 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 1_179 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_182 | ||
| Outcomes after Surgical Resection | Vol. 1_186 | ||
| Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_187 | ||
| Role of Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy | Vol. 1_189 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_190 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_191.e1 | ||
| PITUITARY AND PARAPITUITARY TUMORS | Vol. 1_192 | ||
| CHAPTER 16 - Multimodal Assessment of Pituitary and Parasellar Lesions | Vol. 1_192 | ||
| Background and Epidemiology | Vol. 1_192 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 1_192 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_193 | ||
| The Initial Evaluation | Vol. 1_193 | ||
| Laboratory Investigations | Vol. 1_193 | ||
| Radiologic Studies | Vol. 1_197 | ||
| Ophthalmologic Studies | Vol. 1_200 | ||
| Coordination of Care | Vol. 1_201 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_202 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_202.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 17 - Medical Management of Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Tumors | Vol. 1_203 | ||
| Prolactinomas | Vol. 1_203 | ||
| Acromegaly | Vol. 1_207 | ||
| Cushing’s Disease | Vol. 1_212 | ||
| TSH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas | Vol. 1_214 | ||
| Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors | Vol. 1_214 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_214 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_214.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 18 - Growth Hormone–Secreting Tumors | Vol. 1_215 | ||
| Growth Hormone | Vol. 1_215 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_215 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_217 | ||
| Pediatric | Vol. 1_220 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_220 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_220.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 19 - Prolactinomas | Vol. 1_221 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_221 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_222 | ||
| Medical Treatment | Vol. 1_222 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | Vol. 1_224 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_227 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_227 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_227.e1 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Cushing’s Disease | Vol. 1_228 | ||
| Pathophysiology | Vol. 1_228 | ||
| Pathology | Vol. 1_228 | ||
| Mechanism of Hypercortisolemia in ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas | Vol. 1_228 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | Vol. 1_229 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_229 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_233 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_245 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_245.e1 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Endocrinologically Silent Pituitary Tumors | Vol. 1_246 | ||
| Epidemiology and Nomenclature | Vol. 1_246 | ||
| Clinical and Anatomic Features | Vol. 1_246 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 1_248 | ||
| Management | Vol. 1_250 | ||
| Postoperative Evaluation and Management After Uncomplicated Trans-Sphenoidal Operation | Vol. 1_255 | ||
| Radiotherapy | Vol. 1_256 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_256 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_256.e1 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary and Skull Base Surgery | Vol. 1_257 | ||
| Preoperative Management and Surgical Indications | Vol. 1_258 | ||
| Pertinent Sinonasal Anatomy | Vol. 1_258 | ||
| Optical Advantages of an Endoscope | Vol. 1_261 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | Vol. 1_262 | ||
| Surgical Results | Vol. 1_276 | ||
| Potential Complications and their Avoidance | Vol. 1_277 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages of the Endonasal Endoscopic Technique | Vol. 1_278 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_278 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_278 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_279.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 23 - Transcranial Surgery for Pituitary Macroadenomas | Vol. 1_280 | ||
| History | Vol. 1_280 | ||
| Specific Indications | Vol. 1_281 | ||
| Diagnosis and Workup | Vol. 1_282 | ||
| Pterional | Vol. 1_282 | ||
| Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy | Vol. 1_284 | ||
| Bifrontal and Extended Bifrontal | Vol. 1_286 | ||
| Supraorbital (Keyhole) | Vol. 1_288 | ||
| Radical Combined Transcranial and Trans-Sphenoidal Approach | Vol. 1_288 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_288 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_291 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_291.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 24 - Craniopharyngiomas | Vol. 1_292 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_292 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 1_292 | ||
| Treatment Decision Making | Vol. 1_293 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | Vol. 1_294 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 1_299 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_301 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_301 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_202.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 25 - Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas | Vol. 1_303 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_303 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 1_308 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_310 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_310 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_310.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 26 - Arachnoid, Suprasellar, and Rathke’s Cleft Cysts | Vol. 1_311 | ||
| Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts | Vol. 1_311 | ||
| Suprasellar Cysts | Vol. 1_318 | ||
| Rathke’s Cleft Cysts | Vol. 1_322 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_329 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_329.e1 | ||
| INTRAVENTRICULAR TUMORS | Vol. 1_330 | ||
| CHAPTER 27 - Surgical Approaches to Lateral and Third Ventricular Tumors | Vol. 1_330 | ||
| Lateral Ventricles | Vol. 1_330 | ||
| Surgical Options | Vol. 1_331 | ||
| The Third Ventricle | Vol. 1_334 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_336 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_337 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_337 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_338.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 28 - Transcallosal Surgery of Lesions Affecting the Third Ventricle: Basic Principles | Vol. 1_339 | ||
| Historical Notes | Vol. 1_339 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | Vol. 1_339 | ||
| Preoperative Radiographic Evaluation | Vol. 1_340 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_340 | ||
| Complications and Avoidance | Vol. 1_346 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_349 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_350 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_350.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 29 - Endoscopic Approach to Intraventricular Brain Tumors | Vol. 1_351 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 1_351 | ||
| Equipment | Vol. 1_351 | ||
| Endoscopic Tumor Procedures | Vol. 1_351 | ||
| Solid Tumor Resection | Vol. 1_353 | ||
| Colloid Cyst Extirpation | Vol. 1_353 | ||
| Postoperative Management | Vol. 1_356 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_356 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_356 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_356.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 30 - Management of Pineal Region Tumors | Vol. 1_357 | ||
| Clinical Features | Vol. 1_357 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | Vol. 1_359 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_360 | ||
| Complications of Surgery | Vol. 1_365 | ||
| Surgical Results | Vol. 1_365 | ||
| Adjuvant Therapy | Vol. 1_365 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_366 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_366 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_366.e1 | ||
| CHAPTER 31 - Management of Tumors of the Fourth Ventricle | Vol. 1_367 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 1_367 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_369 | ||
| Specific Tumors | Vol. 1_378 | ||
| Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics | Vol. 1_396 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_397 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_397 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_397.e1 | ||
| EXTRA-AXIAL AND POSTERIOR TUMORS | Vol. 1_398 | ||
| Chapter 32 - Surgical Management of Parasagittal and Convexity Meningiomas | Vol. 1_398 | ||
| Epidemiology and Significance | Vol. 1_398 | ||
| Etiology | Vol. 1_398 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_399 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_399 | ||
| Indications for Surgery | Vol. 1_400 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 1_401 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | Vol. 1_402 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Complications | Vol. 1_407 | ||
| Outcomes and Follow-Up | Vol. 1_408 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_408 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_409.e1 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Surgical Approach to Falcine Meningiomas | Vol. 1_410 | ||
| Symptoms and Presentation | Vol. 1_410 | ||
| Radiographic Findings | Vol. 1_410 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 1_413 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 1_415 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_415 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_416 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_416.e1 | ||
| Chapter 34 - Surgical Management of Midline Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas | Vol. 1_417 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 1_417 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_417 | ||
| Evaluation of Radiologic Studies in Planning the Operation | Vol. 1_418 | ||
| General Aspects of Surgical Management | Vol. 1_418 | ||
| Bifrontal Approach | Vol. 1_419 | ||
| Unilateral Subfrontal Approach | Vol. 1_423 | ||
| Surgical Outcome and Conclusions | Vol. 1_426 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_426 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_427.e1 | ||
| Chapter 35 - Supraorbital Approach Variants for Intracranial Tumors | Vol. 1_428 | ||
| Orbital Anatomy | Vol. 1_428 | ||
| Experimental Analysis of the Supraorbital Approach in Cadavers | Vol. 1_430 | ||
| Intracranial Surgical Access and its Variants | Vol. 1_430 | ||
| Benefits and Limitations | Vol. 1_433 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_433 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_434.e1 | ||
| Chapter 36 - Surgical Management of Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas | Vol. 1_435 | ||
| Anatomic Observations | Vol. 1_435 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_435 | ||
| Clinical Course | Vol. 1_436 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_436 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_437 | ||
| Complications and Results | Vol. 1_441 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_442 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_443.e1 | ||
| Chapter 37 - Spheno-Orbital Meningioma | Vol. 1_444 | ||
| Presurgical Management | Vol. 1_444 | ||
| Operative Techniques | Vol. 1_445 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 1_448 | ||
| Long-Term Outcomes | Vol. 1_449 | ||
| Long-Term Management | Vol. 1_449 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_450 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_450 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_450.e1 | ||
| Chapter 38 - Tumors Involving the Cavernous Sinus | Vol. 1_451 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 1_451 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 1_452 | ||
| Anesthetic and Monitoring Techniques | Vol. 1_454 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_455 | ||
| Anterolateral Temporopolar Transcavernous Approach | Vol. 1_460 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_466 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_466 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_467.e1 | ||
| Chapter 39 - Surgery for Trigeminal Neurinomas | Vol. 1_468 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 1_468 | ||
| Selection of Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_468 | ||
| Surgical Results | Vol. 1_471 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_472 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_472.e1 | ||
| Chapter 40 - Surgical Management of Petroclival Meningiomas | Vol. 1_473 | ||
| History | Vol. 1_473 | ||
| Natural History | Vol. 1_473 | ||
| Recurrence Rate | Vol. 1_474 | ||
| Clinical Picture | Vol. 1_474 | ||
| Neuroradiologic Evaluation | Vol. 1_475 | ||
| Anesthetic Considerations | Vol. 1_475 | ||
| Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring | Vol. 1_476 | ||
| Goals of Surgical Management | Vol. 1_476 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_476 | ||
| Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_484 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 1_484 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_484 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_484 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_485.e1 | ||
| Chapter 41 - Surgical Management of Lesions of the Clivus | Vol. 1_486 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 1_487 | ||
| Extradural Lesions: Chordomas | Vol. 1_488 | ||
| Intradural Lesions: Meningiomas | Vol. 1_491 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_499 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_500.e1 | ||
| Chapter 42 - Surgical Management of Posterior Fossa Meningiomas | Vol. 1_501 | ||
| General Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis | Vol. 1_501 | ||
| Perioperative Issues | Vol. 1_507 | ||
| Specific Locations in the Posterior Fossa | Vol. 1_508 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_516 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_516 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_516.e1 | ||
| Chapter 43 - Surgical Management of Tumors of the Foramen Magnum | Vol. 1_517 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_517 | ||
| Classification of the Tumors | Vol. 1_517 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging | Vol. 1_518 | ||
| Choosing the Best Approach | Vol. 1_518 | ||
| Far Lateral Approach | Vol. 1_518 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Measures | Vol. 1_521 | ||
| Illustrative Cases | Vol. 1_521 | ||
| Results | Vol. 1_524 | ||
| Comments | Vol. 1_526 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_528 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_528.e1 | ||
| Chapter 44 - Surgical Management of Tumors of the Jugular Foramen | Vol. 1_529 | ||
| Historical Background | Vol. 1_529 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations of the Jugular Foramen | Vol. 1_530 | ||
| Specific Pathologic Conditions | Vol. 1_530 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_534 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis | Vol. 1_536 | ||
| Radiologic Imaging | Vol. 1_536 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_537 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_544 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_544 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_545.e1 | ||
| CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE TUMORS | Vol. 1_546 | ||
| Chapter 45 - Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Surgical Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) | Vol. 1_546 | ||
| Outcomes and The Importance of Cranial Nerve Monitoring | Vol. 1_550 | ||
| Outcomes for Cranial Nerves, Cerebellar Function, and Gait following Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery | Vol. 1_552 | ||
| Other Complications | Vol. 1_552 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_552 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | Vol. 1_554 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_554 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_554.e1 | ||
| Chapter 46 - Translabyrinthine Approach to Vestibular Schwannomas | Vol. 1_555 | ||
| Advantages of the Translabyrinthine Approach | Vol. 1_555 | ||
| Disadvantages of the Translabyrinthine Approach | Vol. 1_555 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 1_555 | ||
| Preparation for Surgery | Vol. 1_556 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | Vol. 1_557 | ||
| Postoperative Management and Complications | Vol. 1_562 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_563 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_563 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | Vol. 1_563 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_563 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_564.e1 | ||
| Chapter 47 - Transtemporal Approaches to Posterior Cranial Fossa | Vol. 1_565 | ||
| Anterior Transpetrosal Approaches | Vol. 1_566 | ||
| Posterior Transpetrosal Approaches | Vol. 1_569 | ||
| Combined Approaches | Vol. 1_575 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_579 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | Vol. 1_579 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_579 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_580.e1 | ||
| Chapter 48 - Surgical Management of Neurofibromatosis Types 1 and 2 | Vol. 1_581 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis Type 1 | Vol. 1_581 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis Type 2 | Vol. 1_584 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_586 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_587 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_587.e1 | ||
| Chapter 49 - Hearing Prosthetics: Surgical Techniques | Vol. 1_588 | ||
| Hearing Loss | Vol. 1_588 | ||
| Bone-Anchored Osseointegrated Implants | Vol. 1_588 | ||
| Cochlear Implants | Vol. 1_591 | ||
| Auditory Brain Stem Implants | Vol. 1_595 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_596 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_596 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_596.e1 | ||
| LESIONS AT THE SKULL BASE | Vol. 1_597 | ||
| Chapter 50 - Multimodal Treatment of Orbital Tumors | Vol. 1_597 | ||
| Orbital Anatomy | Vol. 1_597 | ||
| Case Selection | Vol. 1_598 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_599 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_601 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_602 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_602.e1 | ||
| Chapter 51 - Surgical Approaches to the Orbit | Vol. 1_603 | ||
| History | Vol. 1_603 | ||
| Choice of Surgical Approach | Vol. 1_603 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | Vol. 1_604 | ||
| Surgical Adjuvants | Vol. 1_610 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 1_611 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_612 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_612 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_612.e1 | ||
| Chapter 52 - Anterior Midline Approaches to the Skull Base | Vol. 1_613 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | Vol. 1_613 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | Vol. 1_613 | ||
| Selected Tumors | Vol. 1_614 | ||
| Surgery | Vol. 1_617 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_620 | ||
| Adjuvant Therapy | Vol. 1_620 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_621 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_621 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_621.e1 | ||
| Chapter 53 - Orbitozygomatic Infratemporal Approach to Parasellar Meningiomas | Vol. 1_622 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 1_622 | ||
| Closure of the Opened Paranasal Sinus and Dural Defect | Vol. 1_623 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 1_626 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_627 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_627 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_628.e1 | ||
| Section Two - OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES INPEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY | Vol. 1_629 | ||
| Chapter 54 - Methods for Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion in Pediatric Hydrocephalus: From Shunt to Scope | Vol. 1_631 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 1_631 | ||
| Treatment with Cerebrospinal Shunts | Vol. 1_632 | ||
| Surgical Technique: Initial Shunt Insertion | Vol. 1_632 | ||
| Evidence-Based Approach to Complication Prediction and Avoidance During Shunt Surgery | Vol. 1_637 | ||
| Management of Shunt Complications | Vol. 1_642 | ||
| Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy | Vol. 1_646 | ||
| Other Endoscopic Applications | Vol. 1_652 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_653 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_653.e1 | ||
| Chapter 55 - Posterior Fossa Tumors in the Pediatric Population: Multidisciplinary Management | Vol. 1_654 | ||
| Symptoms and Signs | Vol. 1_654 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | Vol. 1_654 | ||
| Work-Up for Tumor Dissemination | Vol. 1_657 | ||
| Surgery | Vol. 1_658 | ||
| Specific Tumors | Vol. 1_662 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_667 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_667 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_668.e1 | ||
| Chapter 56 - Supratentorial Tumors in the Pediatric Population: Multidisciplinary Management | Vol. 1_669 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_669 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_669 | ||
| Low-Grade Glioma | Vol. 1_669 | ||
| Optic Pathway Gliomas | Vol. 1_670 | ||
| Thalamic Glioma | Vol. 1_671 | ||
| Pediatric Glioblastoma | Vol. 1_673 | ||
| Pineal Region Tumors | Vol. 1_675 | ||
| Intraventricular Masses | Vol. 1_679 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_682 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_682 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_683.e1 | ||
| Chapter 57 - Mapping, Disconnection, and Resective Surgery in Pediatric Epilepsy | Vol. 1_684 | ||
| Mapping | Vol. 1_684 | ||
| Disconnection | Vol. 1_687 | ||
| Resections | Vol. 1_690 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_693 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_694 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_694.e1 | ||
| Chapter 58 - Surgical Decision-Making and Treatment Options for Chiari Malformations in Children | Vol. 1_695 | ||
| Decision-Making Regarding When to Operate | Vol. 1_695 | ||
| Decision-Making Regarding Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_697 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_700 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_700 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_700 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_701.e1 | ||
| Chapter 59 - Fetal Surgery for Open Neural Tube Defects | Vol. 1_702 | ||
| Rationale for Fetal Repair | Vol. 1_702 | ||
| Timing for Fetal Surgery | Vol. 1_702 | ||
| Hysterotomy and Exposure | Vol. 1_703 | ||
| Surgical Repair of the Defect | Vol. 1_703 | ||
| Results | Vol. 1_704 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_705 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_705 | ||
| Addendum | Vol. 1_706 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_706.e1 | ||
| Chapter 60 - Surgical Management of Spinal Dysraphism | Vol. 1_707 | ||
| Open Spinal Dysraphism | Vol. 1_707 | ||
| Spinal Cord Lipomas | Vol. 1_712 | ||
| Split Cord Malformations | Vol. 1_722 | ||
| Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis | Vol. 1_731 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_733 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_734.e15 | ||
| Chapter 61 - Revascularization Techniques in Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disorders | Vol. 1_735 | ||
| Moyamoya Syndrome | Vol. 1_735 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Moyamoya | Vol. 1_735 | ||
| Follow-Up | Vol. 1_740 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_740 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_740 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_740.e1 | ||
| Chapter 62 - Management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury | Vol. 1_741 | ||
| Imaging in Pediatric Neurotrauma | Vol. 1_741 | ||
| Technology for Management of Intracranial Hypertension in Pediatric Head Trauma | Vol. 1_743 | ||
| Surgical Management of Pediatric Neurotrauma | Vol. 1_745 | ||
| Considerations for Temperature Regulation in Optimizing Outcome | Vol. 1_749 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_751 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_751 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_752.e1 | ||
| Chapter 63 - Contemporary Dorsal Rhizotomy Surgery for the Treatment of Spasticity in Childhood | Vol. 1_753 | ||
| History of Selective Posterior Rhizotomy | Vol. 1_753 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 1_754 | ||
| Procedure | Vol. 1_754 | ||
| Intraoperative Monitoring | Vol. 1_757 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 1_758 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_758 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_758.e1 | ||
| Chapter 64 - Instrumentation and Stabilization of the Pediatric Spine: Technical Nuances and Age-Specific Considerations | Vol. 1_759 | ||
| Posterior Spinal Instrumentation in the Pediatric Age Group | Vol. 1_759 | ||
| Anterior Spinal Instrumentation in the Pediatric Age Group | Vol. 1_765 | ||
| Biomaterials | Vol. 1_765 | ||
| Long-Term Consequences of Fusion in a Growing Spine | Vol. 1_765 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_766 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_767.e1 | ||
| Chapter 65 - Methods of Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis | Vol. 1_768 | ||
| Scaphocephaly | Vol. 1_769 | ||
| Trigonocephaly | Vol. 1_769 | ||
| Anterior Plagiocephaly | Vol. 1_773 | ||
| Multiple Suture Craniosynostosis | Vol. 1_776 | ||
| Hydrocephalus in Craniosynostosis | Vol. 1_781 | ||
| Chiari Malformation in Craniosynostosis | Vol. 1_783 | ||
| Recurrences | Vol. 1_788 | ||
| Prognosis | Vol. 1_789 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_790 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_790 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_790.e1 | ||
| Section Three - VASCULAR DISEASES | Vol. 1_791 | ||
| OPEN TREATMENT | Vol. 1_793 | ||
| Chapter 66 - Surgical Management of Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease | Vol. 1_793 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_793 | ||
| Surgery | Vol. 1_795 | ||
| Special Situations | Vol. 1_801 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_804 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_804 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_805 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_805.e1 | ||
| Chapter 67 - Management of Dissections of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries | Vol. 1_806 | ||
| Arterial Histology and Surrounding Milieu | Vol. 1_806 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_806 | ||
| Radiographic Diagnosis | Vol. 1_807 | ||
| Extracranial Carotid Artery Dissection | Vol. 1_807 | ||
| Extracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection | Vol. 1_809 | ||
| Intracranial Arterial Dissection | Vol. 1_809 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_810 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_811.e1 | ||
| Chapter 68 - Management of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms | Vol. 1_812 | ||
| Natural History | Vol. 1_812 | ||
| Aneurysm Detection | Vol. 1_814 | ||
| Indications for Treatment | Vol. 1_815 | ||
| Treatment Options | Vol. 1_816 | ||
| Follow-Up After Treatment | Vol. 1_821 | ||
| Screening for Intracranial Aneurysms | Vol. 1_821 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_822 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_822 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_822.e1 | ||
| Chapter 69 - Surgical Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage | Vol. 1_823 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_823 | ||
| Etiology | Vol. 1_824 | ||
| Pathophysiology | Vol. 1_825 | ||
| Presentation by Location | Vol. 1_826 | ||
| Evaluation | Vol. 1_826 | ||
| Acute Rehemorrhage | Vol. 1_827 | ||
| Medical Management | Vol. 1_828 | ||
| Medical versus Surgical Management | Vol. 1_829 | ||
| Specific Surgical Techniques | Vol. 1_832 | ||
| Long-Term Outcome | Vol. 1_834 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_835 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_836 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_836.e1 | ||
| Chapter 70 - Surgical Management of Cerebellar Stroke—Hemorrhage and Infarction | Vol. 1_837 | ||
| Relevant Anatomy | Vol. 1_837 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Infarction | Vol. 1_837 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | Vol. 1_838 | ||
| Radiologic Evaluation | Vol. 1_839 | ||
| Initial Management | Vol. 1_839 | ||
| Indications and Timing for Surgical Intervention | Vol. 1_840 | ||
| Surgical Intervention | Vol. 1_840 | ||
| Cases | Vol. 1_841 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_841 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_844 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_844.e1 | ||
| Chapter 71 - Surgical Treatment of Moyamoya Disease in Adults | Vol. 1_845 | ||
| Clinical Findings and Preoperative Assessment | Vol. 1_845 | ||
| Neuroimaging | Vol. 1_845 | ||
| Emergency Treatment | Vol. 1_847 | ||
| Treatment in the Chronic Stage | Vol. 1_847 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_854 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_854.e1 | ||
| Chapter 72 - Surgical Treatment of Paraclinoid Aneurysms | Vol. 1_855 | ||
| Incidence | Vol. 1_855 | ||
| Anatomic Aspects | Vol. 1_855 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_855 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_857 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | Vol. 1_857 | ||
| Multiple Aneurysms | Vol. 1_867 | ||
| Results | Vol. 1_868 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_870 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_870 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_871 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_871.e1 | ||
| Chapter 73 - Surgical Management of Posterior Communicating, Anterior Choroidal, Carotid Bifurcation Aneurysms | Vol. 1_872 | ||
| Embryology of the ICA | Vol. 1_872 | ||
| Diagnosis, Preoperative Planning, and Patient Selection | Vol. 1_872 | ||
| Anatomic and Clinical Considerations | Vol. 1_875 | ||
| Operative Procedure and Complication Avoidance | Vol. 1_878 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_880 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_881.e1 | ||
| Chapter 74 - Surgical Management of Anterior Communicating and Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms | Vol. 1_882 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 1_882 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_887 | ||
| Diagnostic Imaging | Vol. 1_887 | ||
| Preoperative Management | Vol. 1_887 | ||
| Microsurgical Management | Vol. 1_888 | ||
| Postoperative Management | Vol. 1_893 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_896 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_896.e1 | ||
| Chapter 75 - Surgical Management of Aneurysms of the Middle Cerebral Artery | Vol. 1_897 | ||
| Aneurysms of the MCA | Vol. 1_897 | ||
| Incidence of MCA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_898 | ||
| Microsurgically Relevant Anatomy | Vol. 1_898 | ||
| Imaging | Vol. 1_903 | ||
| Principles of Neuroanesthesia | Vol. 1_904 | ||
| Patient Positioning and Craniotomy | Vol. 1_904 | ||
| Intracerebral Hematoma | Vol. 1_906 | ||
| Dissection Toward the Aneurysm | Vol. 1_906 | ||
| Dissection and Clipping of MCA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_908 | ||
| Acute Hydrocephalus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage | Vol. 1_908 | ||
| Special Considerations for Different Locations and Orientations of MCA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_909 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Imaging | Vol. 1_911 | ||
| Special Subgroups of MCA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_911 | ||
| Bypass Surgery for MCAAs | Vol. 1_912 | ||
| Outcome of Ruptured MCA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_912 | ||
| Specific Late Disabilities Associated with Ruptured MCAAs | Vol. 1_912 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_913 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_913 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_913.e1 | ||
| Chapter 76 - Surgical Management of Terminal Basilar and Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms | Vol. 1_914 | ||
| Background | Vol. 1_914 | ||
| Neuroanesthesia | Vol. 1_914 | ||
| Surgical Strategies for BA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_915 | ||
| Approaches for BA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_915 | ||
| PCA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_922 | ||
| Endovascular Therapy for Management of BA Aneurysms | Vol. 1_922 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_923 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_923 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_924.e1 | ||
| Chapter 77 - Surgical Management of Midbasilar and Lower Basilar Aneurysms | Vol. 1_925 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_925 | ||
| Presentation | Vol. 1_925 | ||
| Principles of Management | Vol. 1_925 | ||
| Transpetrosal Approaches | Vol. 1_927 | ||
| Combined Supra- and Infra-Tentorial Approaches | Vol. 1_929 | ||
| Far-Lateral Approach | Vol. 1_932 | ||
| Far-Lateral Combined Supra- and Infra-Tentorial Approach | Vol. 1_935 | ||
| Anterior Transclival Approaches | Vol. 1_935 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | Vol. 1_936 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_936 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_936.e1 | ||
| Chapter 78 - Surgical Management of Aneurysms of the Vertebral and Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Complex | Vol. 1_937 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_937 | ||
| Aneurysm Characteristics | Vol. 1_937 | ||
| Historical Background | Vol. 1_938 | ||
| Neuroradiologic Imaging | Vol. 1_938 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_939 | ||
| Management | Vol. 1_939 | ||
| The Authors’ Series | Vol. 1_941 | ||
| Illustrative Cases | Vol. 1_945 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_950 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_950.e1 | ||
| Chapter 79 - Far Lateral Approach and Transcondylar and Supracondylar Extensions for Aneurysms of the Vertebrobasilar Junction | Vol. 1_951 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 1_951 | ||
| Anesthetic Technique and Neuroprotection | Vol. 1_952 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_952 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_956 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_956 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_957 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_958.e1 | ||
| Chapter 80 - Surgical Management of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | Vol. 1_959 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 1_959 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_959 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_960 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation | Vol. 1_960 | ||
| Natural History | Vol. 1_963 | ||
| Indications for Treatment | Vol. 1_963 | ||
| Management Options | Vol. 1_964 | ||
| Comprehensive Management Strategy | Vol. 1_968 | ||
| Outcome and Complications of Treatment | Vol. 1_975 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_975 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_975 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_976.e1 | ||
| Chapter 81 - Surgical Management Of Cavernous Malformations Of The Nervous System | Vol. 1_977 | ||
| Pathologic Features | Vol. 1_977 | ||
| Radiologic Features | Vol. 1_977 | ||
| Familial Occurrence and Genetics | Vol. 1_978 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_980 | ||
| Natural History | Vol. 1_980 | ||
| Management Considerations | Vol. 1_981 | ||
| CM of the Cerebrum | Vol. 1_983 | ||
| CM of the Brain Stem | Vol. 1_986 | ||
| CM of the Cerebellum | Vol. 1_989 | ||
| CM of the Cranial Nerves | Vol. 1_990 | ||
| CM of the Spinal Cord | Vol. 1_991 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_992 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_993 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_994.e1 | ||
| Chapter 82 - Surgical Management of Infratentorial Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 1_995 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 1_995 | ||
| Anatomy and Classification | Vol. 1_995 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_995 | ||
| Natural History | Vol. 1_997 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 1_997 | ||
| Preoperative Considerations | Vol. 1_997 | ||
| Timing of Surgery | Vol. 1_998 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_998 | ||
| Postoperative Management | Vol. 1_999 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_999 | ||
| Alternative Treatments | Vol. 1_1000 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1000 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1001 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1002.e1 | ||
| Chapter 83 - Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 1_1003 | ||
| History | Vol. 1_1003 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 1_1003 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_1004 | ||
| Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 1_1004 | ||
| When and How to Treat a Cerebral AVM | Vol. 1_1005 | ||
| The Surgeon | Vol. 1_1008 | ||
| Preparation for Surgery | Vol. 1_1008 | ||
| Operating Room | Vol. 1_1009 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_1010 | ||
| Surgery | Vol. 1_1013 | ||
| Endovascular Surgery | Vol. 1_1015 | ||
| Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_1016 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1017 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1018.e1 | ||
| ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT | Vol. 1_1019 | ||
| Chapter 84 - Endovascular Management of Intracranial Aneurysms | Vol. 1_1019 | ||
| Conventional Coiling of a Simple Saccular Aneurysm | Vol. 1_1019 | ||
| Coiling of Wide-Neck Aneurysms | Vol. 1_1021 | ||
| Complications of Endovascular Coiling and their Treatment | Vol. 1_1025 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1027 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1028.e1 | ||
| Chapter 85 - Endovascular Treatment of Stroke | Vol. 1_1029 | ||
| Occlusion and Recanalization | Vol. 1_1029 | ||
| Goals of Therapy | Vol. 1_1030 | ||
| Presentation | Vol. 1_1030 | ||
| Imaging | Vol. 1_1030 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 1_1031 | ||
| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | Vol. 1_1031 | ||
| Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy | Vol. 1_1032 | ||
| General Endovascular Procedure | Vol. 1_1032 | ||
| Intra-Arterial Thrombolytic Therapy | Vol. 1_1033 | ||
| Mechanical Thrombectomy | Vol. 1_1033 | ||
| Thromboaspiration | Vol. 1_1034 | ||
| Angioplasty | Vol. 1_1035 | ||
| Stenting | Vol. 1_1035 | ||
| Future of Endovascular Techniques in Stroke | Vol. 1_1035 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1036 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1036.e1 | ||
| Chapter 86 - Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 1_1037 | ||
| Pretherapeutic Evaluation | Vol. 1_1037 | ||
| Endovascular Technique | Vol. 1_1038 | ||
| Goals of Treatment and Outcomes | Vol. 1_1039 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_1042 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1044 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1044 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1044.e1 | ||
| Chapter 87 - Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Occlusive Disease | Vol. 1_1045 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 1_1045 | ||
| Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease | Vol. 1_1045 | ||
| Evolution and Results of Endovascular Therapy | Vol. 1_1046 | ||
| Endovascular Therapy versus Best Medical Therapy | Vol. 1_1052 | ||
| Primary Angioplasty versus Stenting | Vol. 1_1053 | ||
| Technique of Angioplasty or Stenting | Vol. 1_1053 | ||
| Moyamoya Disease | Vol. 1_1055 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1057 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1058 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1058.e1 | ||
| Chapter 88 - Endovascular Treatment of Extracranial Occlusive Disease | Vol. 1_1059 | ||
| Indications and Patient Selection | Vol. 1_1059 | ||
| Preoperative Preparation | Vol. 1_1060 | ||
| Anesthesia and Intraoperative Monitoring | Vol. 1_1060 | ||
| Procedure | Vol. 1_1060 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 1_1061 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_1062 | ||
| Outcome Data | Vol. 1_1062 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1062 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1063 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1064.e1 | ||
| Chapter 89 - Embolization of Tumors: Brain, Head, Neck, and Spine | Vol. 1_1065 | ||
| Tumors of the Head | Vol. 1_1065 | ||
| Spinal Tumors | Vol. 1_1072 | ||
| Technical Nuances | Vol. 1_1074 | ||
| Types of Embolisates | Vol. 1_1075 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_1078 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1078 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1078.e1 | ||
| Chapter 90 - Endovascular Management of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | Vol. 1_1079 | ||
| Transarterial Embolization | Vol. 1_1079 | ||
| Cyanoacrylic Glue Techniques | Vol. 1_1080 | ||
| Onyx Techniques | Vol. 1_1080 | ||
| Transvenous Embolization | Vol. 1_1082 | ||
| Outcomes of Transarterial Embolization with n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate | Vol. 1_1086 | ||
| Outcomes of Transarterial Embolization with Onyx | Vol. 1_1086 | ||
| Outcomes of Transvenous Embolization of Indirect CCF | Vol. 1_1087 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1087 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1087 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1088.e1 | ||
| Chapter 91 - Endovascular Management of Spinal Vascular Malformations | Vol. 1_1089 | ||
| Spinal Vascular Anatomy | Vol. 1_1089 | ||
| Classification of Spinal Vascular Malformations | Vol. 1_1090 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Natural History | Vol. 1_1091 | ||
| Endovascular Management | Vol. 1_1091 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_1095 | ||
| Case Illustrations | Vol. 1_1095 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1103 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1104.e1 | ||
| Chapter 92 - Endovascular Treatment of Head and Neck Bleeding | Vol. 1_1105 | ||
| Evaluating Effects of Ischemia | Vol. 1_1105 | ||
| Blunt and Penetrating Injuries of the Head | Vol. 1_1106 | ||
| Blunt and Penetrating Injuries of the Neck | Vol. 1_1110 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1113 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1113 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1114.e1 | ||
| Chapter 93 - Imaging Evaluation and Endovascular Treatment of Vasospasm | Vol. 1_1115 | ||
| Clinical Assessment | Vol. 1_1115 | ||
| Diagnostic Imaging | Vol. 1_1115 | ||
| Medical Therapies for Cerebral Vasospasm | Vol. 1_1117 | ||
| Overview of Endovascular Therapies for Cerebral Vasospasm | Vol. 1_1119 | ||
| IA Vasodilator Infusion | Vol. 1_1119 | ||
| Transluminal Balloon Angioplasty | Vol. 1_1122 | ||
| Combination Therapy | Vol. 1_1123 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1123 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1124 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1124.e1 | ||
| Section Four - HYDROCEPHALUS | Vol. 1_1125 | ||
| Chapter 94 - Surgical Management of Hydrocephalus in the Adult | Vol. 1_1127 | ||
| Management of the Adult Treated for Hydrocephalus as a Child | Vol. 1_1127 | ||
| Evaluation and Management of Hydrocephalus Presenting in Adulthood | Vol. 1_1128 | ||
| Deciding When to Treat Hydrocephalus in the Adult | Vol. 1_1129 | ||
| Choices of Techniques for Treating Hydrocephalus | Vol. 1_1130 | ||
| Choices of Shunting Strategy and Shunting Hardware | Vol. 1_1130 | ||
| Technical Aspects in the Treatment of Adult Hydrocephalus | Vol. 1_1131 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1134 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1134 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1134.e1 | ||
| Chapter 95 - Adult Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome | Vol. 1_1135 | ||
| Etiology and Causative Agents | Vol. 1_1135 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_1135 | ||
| Shunt Surgery | Vol. 1_1138 | ||
| Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration | Vol. 1_1139 | ||
| Venous Sinus Stenting | Vol. 1_1139 | ||
| Management of Iih in Pregnancy | Vol. 1_1140 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_1140 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1140 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1142.e1 | ||
| Chapter 96 - Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy | Vol. 1_1143 | ||
| Historical Background | Vol. 1_1143 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 1_1144 | ||
| Pathologic Considerations | Vol. 1_1144 | ||
| Other Considerations | Vol. 1_1145 | ||
| Contraindications to Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy | Vol. 1_1146 | ||
| Preoperative Workup | Vol. 1_1146 | ||
| Surgical Equipment | Vol. 1_1146 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 1_1147 | ||
| Postoperative Monitoring | Vol. 1_1149 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_1150 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_1150 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1150 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1150.e1 | ||
| Chapter 97 - Management of Shunt Infections | Vol. 1_1151 | ||
| Etiology of Hydrocephalus | Vol. 1_1151 | ||
| Patient Age and Nutritional Status | Vol. 1_1151 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 1_1151 | ||
| Presentation and Clinical Features of Shunt Infection | Vol. 1_1152 | ||
| Mechanisms for Entry of Bacteria Into Shunts | Vol. 1_1153 | ||
| Microbiology and Pathogenesis | Vol. 1_1153 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 1_1153 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 1_1153 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1154 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1156.e1 | ||
| Section Five - STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY | Vol. 1_1157 | ||
| Chapter 98 - Interstitial and LINAC-Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases* | Vol. 1_1159 | ||
| Radiosurgical Techniques | Vol. 1_1159 | ||
| Linac-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_1160 | ||
| Singular or Solitary Metastasis | Vol. 1_1161 | ||
| Number and Size of Metastases | Vol. 1_1161 | ||
| Clinical Condition of the Patient | Vol. 1_1161 | ||
| Location of the Metastases | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Neurologic Symptoms Caused by Metastases | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Prognosis | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Interstitial Radiosurgery with I-125 Seeds | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Temporary Versus Permanent Interstitial Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Interstitial Radiosurgery Versus SRS | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Absorbed Dose Rates | Vol. 1_1162 | ||
| Treatment Planning | Vol. 1_1163 | ||
| Radiation Parameters for Temporary I-125 Seeds | Vol. 1_1164 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 1_1164 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1165 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1165 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1166.e1 | ||
| Chapter 99 - Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia | Vol. 1_1167 | ||
| Historical Background | Vol. 1_1167 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 1_1167 | ||
| Gamma Knife Technique | Vol. 1_1167 | ||
| Linear Accelerator | Vol. 1_1168 | ||
| Cyberknife Technique | Vol. 1_1168 | ||
| Ideal Dosage and Targeting | Vol. 1_1169 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 1_1170 | ||
| Comparison of Radiosurgery as Whole to Other Treatment Modalities | Vol. 1_1170 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1171 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1172.e1 | ||
| Chapter 100 - CyberKnife Radiosurgery for Spinal Neoplasms | Vol. 1_1173 | ||
| Technology Overview | Vol. 1_1173 | ||
| Treatment Details | Vol. 1_1173 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 1_1174 | ||
| Extradural Metastases | Vol. 1_1174 | ||
| Intradural Metastases | Vol. 1_1175 | ||
| Primary Intramedullary Lesions | Vol. 1_1175 | ||
| Intradural, Extramedullary Lesions | Vol. 1_1176 | ||
| Treatment Failures and Complications | Vol. 1_1177 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_1179 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1180 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1180.e1 | ||
| Chapter 101 - Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Adenomas | Vol. 1_1181 | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Producing Tumors | Vol. 1_1181 | ||
| Growth Hormone–Producing Tumors | Vol. 1_1183 | ||
| Prolactin-Producing Tumors | Vol. 1_1183 | ||
| Nonfunctional Adenomas | Vol. 1_1183 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_1184 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_1185 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1185 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1186.e1 | ||
| Chapter 102 - Radiation Therapy and Radiosurgery in the Management of Craniopharyngiomas | Vol. 1_1187 | ||
| Surgical Outcomes | Vol. 1_1187 | ||
| Radiation Therapy for Craniopharyngiomas | Vol. 1_1188 | ||
| Cyberknife SRS for Craniopharyngiomas: Our Experience | Vol. 1_1189 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_1191 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1192 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1192.e1 | ||
| Chapter 103 - Vestibular Schwannomas: The Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_1193 | ||
| Observation with Serial Imaging | Vol. 1_1193 | ||
| Considering Radiosurgery Versus Surgical Resection | Vol. 1_1193 | ||
| The Patients’ Perspective on Resection | Vol. 1_1194 | ||
| Stereotactic Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_1194 | ||
| Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: Clinical Results | Vol. 1_1197 | ||
| Proton Beam Radiosurgery: Clinical Results | Vol. 1_1198 | ||
| Linac Radiosurgery: Clinical Results | Vol. 1_1199 | ||
| Stereotactic Radiation Therapy: Clinical Results | Vol. 1_1199 | ||
| Comparison of Radiosurgery and Microsurgery Options | Vol. 1_1200 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 1_1201 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1201 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1202.e1 | ||
| Chapter 104 - Stereotactic Radiosurgery Meningiomas | Vol. 1_1203 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 1_1203 | ||
| Citopathology | Vol. 1_1203 | ||
| Treatment Options | Vol. 1_1203 | ||
| Targeting Update | Vol. 1_1208 | ||
| Irradiation Techniques and Modalities | Vol. 1_1208 | ||
| Radiobiology | Vol. 1_1213 | ||
| Radiosurgery Treatment Results | Vol. 1_1214 | ||
| Special Issues | Vol. 1_1215 | ||
| The Future | Vol. 1_1221 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1221 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1222.e1 | ||
| Chapter 105 - Role of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in the Management of Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 1_1223 | ||
| Radiosurgical Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 1_1223 | ||
| Improved Imaging in Radiosurgery | Vol. 1_1224 | ||
| Patients Characteristics | Vol. 1_1228 | ||
| Results | Vol. 1_1228 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 1_1228 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 1_1228 | ||
| The (Controversial) Role of Embolization | Vol. 1_1229 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 1_1231 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1232 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1234.e1 | ||
| Chapter 106 - Radiation Therapy of Epilepsy | Vol. 1_1235 | ||
| History | Vol. 1_1235 | ||
| Modern Indications | Vol. 1_1235 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 1_1236 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 1_1236 | ||
| Surgical Morbidity | Vol. 1_1238 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 1_1238 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1239 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1239 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1240.e1 | ||
| Chapter 107 - Gamma Surgery for Functional Disorders | Vol. 1_1241 | ||
| Gamma Surgery for Pain | Vol. 1_1241 | ||
| Gamma Surgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia | Vol. 1_1241 | ||
| Gamma Surgery for Movement Disorders | Vol. 1_1243 | ||
| Gamma Surgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis | Vol. 1_1244 | ||
| Gamma Surgery for Epilepsy | Vol. 1_1245 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 1_1247 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1247 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 1_1248.e1 | ||
| INDEX | Vol. 1_I-1 | ||
| Volume 2 | Vol. 2_Cover | ||
| Front Cover | Vol. 2_Cover | ||
| SCHMIDEK & SWEET Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods, and Results | Vol. 2_i | ||
| Copyright | Vol. 2_ii | ||
| Dedication | Vol. 2_iii | ||
| Section Editors | Vol. 2_v | ||
| Contributors | Vol. 2_vii | ||
| Preface | Vol. 2_xli | ||
| Contents | Vol. 2_xliii | ||
| Video Contents | Vol. 2_li | ||
| Section Six - FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY | Vol. 2_1249 | ||
| Chapter 108 - Presurgical Evaluation for Epilepsy Including Intracranial Electrodes | Vol. 2_1251 | ||
| Medically Intractable Epilepsy | Vol. 2_1251 | ||
| Patients’ Perceptions | Vol. 2_1251 | ||
| Phase 1 Testing: Noninvasive Studies | Vol. 2_1251 | ||
| Phase II Testing: Invasive Studies | Vol. 2_1257 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1262 | ||
| Paradigm of Surgical Treatment | Vol. 2_1263 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1263 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1264.e1 | ||
| Chapter 109 - Temporal Lobe Operations in Intractable Epilepsy | Vol. 2_1265 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1265 | ||
| Indications and Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1265 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | Vol. 2_1265 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1270 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1272 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1272.e1 | ||
| Chapter 110 - Surgical Management of Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy | Vol. 2_1273 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1273 | ||
| Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Stimulation | Vol. 2_1274 | ||
| Centromedian Thalamic Stimulation | Vol. 2_1275 | ||
| Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation | Vol. 2_1275 | ||
| Other Deep Brain Targets | Vol. 2_1275 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1276 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 2_1276 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1276 | ||
| Closed-Loop Stimulation | Vol. 2_1278 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1278 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1279 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1280.e1 | ||
| Chapter 111 - Multilobar Resection and Hemispherectomy in Epilepsy Surgery* | Vol. 2_1281 | ||
| Hemispherectomy and Hemispheric Disconnection | Vol. 2_1286 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1292 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1294.e1 | ||
| Chapter 112 - Corpus Callosotomy: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1295 | ||
| Modern Indications | Vol. 2_1295 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 2_1296 | ||
| Surgical Morbidity | Vol. 2_1297 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1298 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1298 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1299 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1300.e1 | ||
| Chapter 113 - Treatment of Intractable Epilepsy by Electrical Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve | Vol. 2_1301 | ||
| Background | Vol. 2_1301 | ||
| Animal Studies | Vol. 2_1302 | ||
| Human Studies and Efficacy | Vol. 2_1302 | ||
| Mechanisms of Action | Vol. 2_1302 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1303 | ||
| Adverse Effects | Vol. 2_1303 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1303 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1307 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1307 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1308.e1 | ||
| Chapter 114 - Deep Brain Stimulation in Movement Disorders: Parkinson’s Disease, Essential Tremor, and Dystonia | Vol. 2_1309 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1309 | ||
| Pathophysiology of PD, Tremor, and Dystonia | Vol. 2_1310 | ||
| Physiologic Effects of Stimulation | Vol. 2_1312 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1312 | ||
| VIM Stimulation | Vol. 2_1313 | ||
| STN Stimulation | Vol. 2_1314 | ||
| GPI Stimulation | Vol. 2_1315 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1317 | ||
| Hardware | Vol. 2_1318 | ||
| Programming | Vol. 2_1318 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1319 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1319 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1319 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1320.e1 | ||
| Chapter 115 - Cervical Dystonia and Spasmodic Torticollis: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1321 | ||
| History of Dystonic Conditions | Vol. 2_1321 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1321 | ||
| Classification and Etiology | Vol. 2_1321 | ||
| Cervical Dystonia | Vol. 2_1322 | ||
| Treatment Strategies | Vol. 2_1322 | ||
| Surgery for Dystonic Conditions | Vol. 2_1323 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonic Conditions | Vol. 2_1324 | ||
| Clinical Overview of GPi DBS for CD | Vol. 2_1325 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1326 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1326 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1326.e1 | ||
| Chapter 116 - Novel Targets in Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders | Vol. 2_1327 | ||
| Current Models of Cortical–Basal Ganglia Networks | Vol. 2_1328 | ||
| Beta Oscillations and Parkinsonian Akinesia | Vol. 2_1329 | ||
| Oscillations Associated with Tremor | Vol. 2_1329 | ||
| Surgical Targets for Tremor | Vol. 2_1329 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1334 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1334 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1336.e1 | ||
| Chapter 117 - Molecular Therapies for Movement Disorders | Vol. 2_1337 | ||
| Drug/Chemical Infusions | Vol. 2_1337 | ||
| Growth Factors/Recombinant Proteins | Vol. 2_1339 | ||
| Gene Therapy | Vol. 2_1340 | ||
| Future | Vol. 2_1344 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1344 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1346.e1 | ||
| Chapter 118 - Cingulotomy for Intractable Psychiatric Illness | Vol. 2_1347 | ||
| Historical Developments | Vol. 2_1347 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1349 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1353 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1353 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1354.e1 | ||
| Chapter 119 - Deep Brain Stimulation for Intractable Psychiatric Illness | Vol. 2_1355 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Vol. 2_1356 | ||
| Treatment-Resistant Depression | Vol. 2_1357 | ||
| Tourette Syndrome | Vol. 2_1358 | ||
| Issues and Future Directions | Vol. 2_1359 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1359 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1360.e1 | ||
| Chapter 120 - Brain–Computer Interfacing Prospects and Technical Aspects | Vol. 2_1361 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1363 | ||
| Lead Configuration | Vol. 2_1365 | ||
| Lead Location | Vol. 2_1369 | ||
| Implantation of Electronics | Vol. 2_1370 | ||
| Maintenance | Vol. 2_1370 | ||
| Future | Vol. 2_1371 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1372 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1372 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1372.e1 | ||
| Chapter 121 - Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis | Vol. 2_1373 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1373 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | Vol. 2_1373 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 2_1374 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1374 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1375 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1376 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1376 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1376.e1 | ||
| Chapter 122 - Surgery for Intractable Spasticity | Vol. 2_1377 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | Vol. 2_1377 | ||
| Decision Making in Adults | Vol. 2_1386 | ||
| Decision Making in Children | Vol. 2_1389 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1390 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1391 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1392.e1 | ||
| Chapter 123 - Retrogasserian Glycerol Rhizolysis in Trigeminal Neuralgia | Vol. 2_1393 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1393 | ||
| Probable Mechanisms of Action of Glycerol | Vol. 2_1393 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_1395 | ||
| Technique | Vol. 2_1395 | ||
| Anatomic Landmarks and Important Structures | Vol. 2_1396 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_1402 | ||
| Special Considerations in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis | Vol. 2_1407 | ||
| Glycerol Rhizolysis in the Treatment of Other Types of Facial Pain | Vol. 2_1407 | ||
| Retrogasserian Glycerol Rhizolysis Versus Other Operative Treatments for Trigeminal Neuralgia | Vol. 2_1407 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1408 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1408 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1408.e1 | ||
| Chapter 124 - Percutaneous Stereotactic Rhizotomy in the Treatment of Intractable Facial Pain | Vol. 2_1409 | ||
| Indications and Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1409 | ||
| Cannulization, Stimulation, and Lesion Production | Vol. 2_1409 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_1414 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_1415 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 2_1417 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1418 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1418.e1 | ||
| Chapter 125 - Neurovascular Decompression in Cranial Nerves V, VII, IX, and X | Vol. 2_1419 | ||
| Fifth Cranial Nerve | Vol. 2_1419 | ||
| Seventh Cranial Nerve | Vol. 2_1427 | ||
| Fifth and Seventh Cranial Nerves | Vol. 2_1430 | ||
| Ninth Cranial Nerve | Vol. 2_1431 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1432 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1432.e1 | ||
| Chapter 126 - Deep Brain Stimulation for Pain | Vol. 2_1433 | ||
| History of DBS for Treatment of Chronic Pain | Vol. 2_1433 | ||
| Types of Pain and Targets | Vol. 2_1434 | ||
| Mechanism of Action (of A DBS Device) | Vol. 2_1434 | ||
| Patient Selection and Indications | Vol. 2_1435 | ||
| Classifying Pain (Patient Screening) | Vol. 2_1436 | ||
| DBS Target Selection | Vol. 2_1436 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1438 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1440 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1441 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1441 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1441 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1442.e1 | ||
| Chapter 127 - Mesencephalic Tractotomy and Anterolateral Cordotomy for Intractable Pain | Vol. 2_1443 | ||
| Mesencephalic Tractotomy | Vol. 2_1443 | ||
| Indications for Stereotactic Mesencephalic Tractotomy | Vol. 2_1446 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1447 | ||
| Results and Complications | Vol. 2_1448 | ||
| Anterolateral Cordotomy | Vol. 2_1449 | ||
| Indications for Stereotactic Percutaneous Cordotomy | Vol. 2_1450 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1450 | ||
| Results and Complications | Vol. 2_1451 | ||
| Future of Neuroablative Stereotactic Pain Procedures | Vol. 2_1452 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1453 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1453 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1454.e1 | ||
| Chapter 128 - Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain | Vol. 2_1455 | ||
| Background | Vol. 2_1455 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | Vol. 2_1455 | ||
| Spinal Cord Stimulation Mechanisms in Neuropathic Pain | Vol. 2_1455 | ||
| Spinal Cord Stimulation Mechanisms in Ischemic Pain | Vol. 2_1457 | ||
| Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices | Vol. 2_1458 | ||
| Screening Protocols | Vol. 2_1459 | ||
| Indications for Spinal Cord Stimulation for Pain | Vol. 2_1461 | ||
| Clinical Results | Vol. 2_1462 | ||
| Cost Effectiveness | Vol. 2_1465 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1467 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1468 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1468.e1 | ||
| Chapter 129 - Spinal Cord Stimulation and Intraspinal Infusions for Pain* | Vol. 2_1469 | ||
| Mechanism of Action and Device Characteristics | Vol. 2_1470 | ||
| Intraspinal Infusion Systems | Vol. 2_1475 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1479 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1480.e1 | ||
| Chapter 130 - Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesions | Vol. 2_1481 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 2_1481 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_1481 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1483 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1484 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1485 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1485 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1486.e1 | ||
| Chapter 131 - Motor Cortex Stimulation for Intractable Facial Pain | Vol. 2_1487 | ||
| Historical Perspective | Vol. 2_1487 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | Vol. 2_1487 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_1488 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1488 | ||
| Preoperative Considerations | Vol. 2_1489 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 2_1489 | ||
| Staged Procedure for Externalized Testing | Vol. 2_1491 | ||
| Stimulation Regimen | Vol. 2_1492 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1492 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1492 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1492.e1 | ||
| Section Seven - TRAUMA | Vol. 2_1493 | ||
| Chapter 132 - Perioperative Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults | Vol. 2_1495 | ||
| Initial Neurologic Assessment | Vol. 2_1495 | ||
| TBI Classification | Vol. 2_1496 | ||
| Cerebral Ischemia | Vol. 2_1497 | ||
| Intracranial Hypertension | Vol. 2_1499 | ||
| Management Paradigms | Vol. 2_1507 | ||
| TBI and the Elderly | Vol. 2_1511 | ||
| Neuroprotective Interventions in TBI | Vol. 2_1511 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1512 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1512.e1 | ||
| Chapter 133 - Surgical Management of Severe Closed Head Injury in Adults | Vol. 2_1513 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1514 | ||
| Classification Schemes for TBI | Vol. 2_1514 | ||
| Biomechanics of TBI | Vol. 2_1516 | ||
| Historical Studies on TBI: Pioneering Research By Ramón y Cajal | Vol. 2_1518 | ||
| Neuropathology of TBI | Vol. 2_1519 | ||
| Intracranial Hemorrhages | Vol. 2_1520 | ||
| Cerebral Contusions: Major Gray Matter Focal Lesions After TBI | Vol. 2_1521 | ||
| Neuroradiologic Diagnostic Methods in TBI | Vol. 2_1523 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of TBI | Vol. 2_1526 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Depressed Skull Fractures | Vol. 2_1526 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Intracranial Hematomas: Surgical Versus Nonoperative Management | Vol. 2_1528 | ||
| High ICP and ICP Monitoring in TBI | Vol. 2_1528 | ||
| Surgical Timing in Post-Traumatic Lesions | Vol. 2_1528 | ||
| Acute EDH | Vol. 2_1529 | ||
| Acute SDH | Vol. 2_1531 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Parenchymal Lesions | Vol. 2_1533 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Hematomas | Vol. 2_1536 | ||
| Prognosis of Severe Head Injury | Vol. 2_1537 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | Vol. 2_1538 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1538 | ||
| Neuroscience of TBI: Structural and Functional Properties of Brain Tissue Determining the Mechanisms of TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e1 | ||
| Mechanisms of Neurovascular Regulation Coupled with Brain Functions: The Role of the BBB | Vol. 2_1538.e1 | ||
| Consciousness Impairment in TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e3 | ||
| DAI: The Major White Matter Diffuse Lesion After TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e6 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Edema: The Major Gray Matter Diffuse Lesion After TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e11 | ||
| Secondary Brain Damage Caused by Cerebral Ischemia | Vol. 2_1538.e13 | ||
| Molecular Cell Pathophysiology of TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e13 | ||
| Neuronal Dysfunction in TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e13 | ||
| Glial Dysfunction in TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e14 | ||
| Axonal Regeneration After TBI | Vol. 2_1538.e16 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1538.e17 | ||
| Chapter 134 - Management of Penetrating and Blast Injuries of the Nervous System | Vol. 2_1539 | ||
| Historical Aspects | Vol. 2_1539 | ||
| Ballistics | Vol. 2_1539 | ||
| Pathophysiology | Vol. 2_1539 | ||
| Initial Assessment and Resuscitation | Vol. 2_1541 | ||
| Initial Medical Management | Vol. 2_1541 | ||
| Initial Imaging | Vol. 2_1542 | ||
| Decision Making in the Patient with Poor Prognosis | Vol. 2_1542 | ||
| Surgical Management | Vol. 2_1543 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | Vol. 2_1544 | ||
| Bone Fragments | Vol. 2_1544 | ||
| Dural Sinus Injuries | Vol. 2_1545 | ||
| Postoperative Management | Vol. 2_1545 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Complications | Vol. 2_1546 | ||
| Cranioplasty | Vol. 2_1547 | ||
| Cranial Stab Wounds | Vol. 2_1547 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1548 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1548 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1550.e1 | ||
| Chapter 135 - Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury | Vol. 2_1551 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 2_1551 | ||
| Historical perspective | Vol. 2_1551 | ||
| Current Evidence | Vol. 2_1552 | ||
| Indications and Timing | Vol. 2_1552 | ||
| Prognostic Factors | Vol. 2_1553 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 2_1553 | ||
| Technique | Vol. 2_1553 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1556 | ||
| Future Directions | Vol. 2_1556 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1557 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1557 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1558.e1 | ||
| Chapter 136 - Management of Skull Base Trauma | Vol. 2_1559 | ||
| General Management | Vol. 2_1559 | ||
| Anesthesia and Perioperative Considerations | Vol. 2_1559 | ||
| Graft Repair Options | Vol. 2_1559 | ||
| Skull Base Fractures | Vol. 2_1560 | ||
| Decompressions for Skull Base Trauma | Vol. 2_1565 | ||
| Repair of Traumatic Skull Base CSF Fistula | Vol. 2_1568 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1572 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1572 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1572.e1 | ||
| Chapter 137 - Surgical Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Adults | Vol. 2_1573 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1573 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 2_1573 | ||
| Clinical Features | Vol. 2_1573 | ||
| Radiologic Evaluation | Vol. 2_1573 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 2_1574 | ||
| Outcome | Vol. 2_1576 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1578 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1578 | ||
| References | Vol. 2_1578.e1 | ||
| Chapter 138 - Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks | Vol. 2_1579 | ||
| Historical Overview | Vol. 2_1579 | ||
| Conventions and Definitions | Vol. 2_1580 | ||
| Cause and Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1580 | ||
| Pneumocephalus | Vol. 2_1581 | ||
| Meningitis | Vol. 2_1581 | ||
| Defining and Localizing a Fistula | Vol. 2_1581 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations: Sites of Leakage | Vol. 2_1583 | ||
| High-Pressure Versus Low-Pressure Leaks | Vol. 2_1584 | ||
| Initial Management | Vol. 2_1584 | ||
| External Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid | Vol. 2_1584 | ||
| Operative Management | Vol. 2_1585 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1594 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1594 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1596.e1 | ||
| Chapter 139 - Principles of Scalp Surgery and Surgical Management of Major Defects of Scalp | Vol. 2_1597 | ||
| Anatomy of the Scalp | Vol. 2_1597 | ||
| Planning Scalp Incisions | Vol. 2_1597 | ||
| Lacerations of the Scalp | Vol. 2_1598 | ||
| Wounds with Tissue Loss | Vol. 2_1598 | ||
| Local Advancement (Galeal Scoring) | Vol. 2_1598 | ||
| Skin Grafts | Vol. 2_1598 | ||
| Flaps | Vol. 2_1600 | ||
| Free Flaps | Vol. 2_1602 | ||
| Tissue Expansion | Vol. 2_1603 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1605 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1606 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1606.e1 | ||
| Chapter 140 - Surgical Management of Major Skull Defects and Potential Complications | Vol. 2_1607 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1610 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1610.e1 | ||
| Chapter 141 - Management of Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms | Vol. 2_1611 | ||
| Pathology | Vol. 2_1611 | ||
| Physiopathology | Vol. 2_1611 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 2_1613 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_1614 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 2_1616 | ||
| Niguarda’s Experience | Vol. 2_1617 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1617 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1617 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1618.e1 | ||
| Chapter 142 - Management of Penetrating Brain Injury | Vol. 2_1619 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1619 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1619 | ||
| Pathophysiology | Vol. 2_1619 | ||
| Initial Management: Basic Advanced Trauma Life Support Guidelines | Vol. 2_1620 | ||
| PBI-Specific Medical Management | Vol. 2_1620 | ||
| Surgical Management | Vol. 2_1622 | ||
| Postoperative Management | Vol. 2_1626 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1628 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1628.e1 | ||
| Section Eight - SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS | Vol. 2_1629 | ||
| Chapter 143 - Management of Suppurative Intracranial Infections | Vol. 2_1631 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 2_1631 | ||
| Bacteriology | Vol. 2_1632 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 2_1634 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_1635 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 2_1637 | ||
| Osteomyelitis of the Skull | Vol. 2_1639 | ||
| Cranial Epidural Abscess | Vol. 2_1640 | ||
| Subdural Empyema | Vol. 2_1640 | ||
| Prognosis | Vol. 2_1641 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1641 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1641 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1642.e1 | ||
| Chapter 144 - Management of Infections After Craniotomy | Vol. 2_1643 | ||
| Incidence | Vol. 2_1643 | ||
| Factors Affecting Infection Rate | Vol. 2_1643 | ||
| Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak | Vol. 2_1643 | ||
| Prophylactic Antimicrobials in Craniotomy | Vol. 2_1644 | ||
| Postcraniotomy Infections | Vol. 2_1644 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 2_1647 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1647 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1648.e1 | ||
| Chapter 145 - Spinal Infections: Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Spinal Epidural Abscess | Vol. 2_1649 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 2_1649 | ||
| Epidemiology of Spinal Infection | Vol. 2_1649 | ||
| Risk Factors for Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Spinal Epidural Abscess | Vol. 2_1649 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 2_1650 | ||
| Management and Treatment | Vol. 2_1652 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1657 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1658 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1658.e1 | ||
| Chapter 146 - Neurosurgical Management of HIV-Related Focal Brain Lesions | Vol. 2_1659 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1659 | ||
| Patient Considerations | Vol. 2_1659 | ||
| Risk to Surgeons Operating on HIV-Positive Patients | Vol. 2_1660 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 2_1660 | ||
| Surgery | Vol. 2_1661 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_1663 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1666 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1666.e1 | ||
| Chapter 147 - Management of Neurocysticercosis | Vol. 2_1667 | ||
| Historical Background | Vol. 2_1667 | ||
| Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1667 | ||
| Parasitic Life Cycle | Vol. 2_1667 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Microscopic Appearance | Vol. 2_1669 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | Vol. 2_1670 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_1670 | ||
| Pharmacologic Treatment | Vol. 2_1673 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | Vol. 2_1676 | ||
| Prevention and Sanitary Recommendations | Vol. 2_1677 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1678 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1678 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1678.e1 | ||
| Chapter 148 - Management of Tuberculous Infections of the Nervous System | Vol. 2_1679 | ||
| HIV and TB Coinfection | Vol. 2_1679 | ||
| Tuberculomas | Vol. 2_1679 | ||
| Tuberculous Meningitis | Vol. 2_1685 | ||
| Tuberculous Spinal Arachnoiditis | Vol. 2_1689 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1690 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1690.e1 | ||
| Chapter 149 - Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System | Vol. 2_1691 | ||
| Historical Aspects | Vol. 2_1691 | ||
| Classification and Epidemiology | Vol. 2_1692 | ||
| Prevalence, Dispersion, and Infection | Vol. 2_1692 | ||
| Routes of Dissemination | Vol. 2_1692 | ||
| Host Susceptibility and Fungal Virulence | Vol. 2_1695 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 2_1695 | ||
| Pseudomycetes Causing Infections of the Nervous System | Vol. 2_1696 | ||
| Septate Hyphae Causing Infections of the Nervous System | Vol. 2_1707 | ||
| Nonseptate Hyphae Causing Infections of the Nervous System (Phycomycosis, Zygomycosis, Mucormycosis) | Vol. 2_1712 | ||
| Fungi-Like Bacteria: Actinomycetes Causing Infections of the Nervous System | Vol. 2_1716 | ||
| Management of CNS Fungal Infections | Vol. 2_1720 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes of CNS Fungal Infections | Vol. 2_1720 | ||
| Antifungal Chemotherapy | Vol. 2_1729 | ||
| Antifungal Therapy in Intensive Care Units | Vol. 2_1731 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 2_1731 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1731 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1732.e1 | ||
| Chapter 150 - Management of Intracranial Aneurysms Caused by Infection | Vol. 2_1733 | ||
| Natural History and Presentation | Vol. 2_1733 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 2_1735 | ||
| Microbiology | Vol. 2_1737 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_1737 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 2_1738 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1744 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1744 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1744.e1 | ||
| Section Nine - NEUROSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL DISORDERS | Vol. 2_1745 | ||
| DEGENERATIVE SPINE DISORDER | Vol. 2_1747 | ||
| CERVICAL SPINE | Vol. 2_1747 | ||
| Chapter 151 - Treatment Evolution in Management of Cervical Disc Disease | Vol. 2_1747 | ||
| Historical Development | Vol. 2_1747 | ||
| Laminectomy and Laminoplasty | Vol. 2_1748 | ||
| Posterior Foraminotomy | Vol. 2_1749 | ||
| Anterior Discectomy, Arthrodesis, and Arthroplasty | Vol. 2_1750 | ||
| Anterior Foraminotomy and Endoscopic Foraminotomy | Vol. 2_1753 | ||
| Cervical Arthroplasty | Vol. 2_1753 | ||
| Future Trends | Vol. 2_1755 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1755 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1755 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1756.e1 | ||
| Chapter 152 - Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy (Jho Procedure): Microscopic or Endoscopic | Vol. 2_1757 | ||
| Surgical Indications and Preparation | Vol. 2_1758 | ||
| Surgical Tools and Techniques | Vol. 2_1758 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1760 | ||
| Postoperative Management | Vol. 2_1766 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_1767 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_1768 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1769 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1770.e1 | ||
| Chapter 153 - Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Microdiscectomy | Vol. 2_1771 | ||
| Positioning | Vol. 2_1772 | ||
| Localization | Vol. 2_1772 | ||
| Approach | Vol. 2_1773 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1774 | ||
| Closure | Vol. 2_1775 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1775 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1775 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1776 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1776.e1 | ||
| Chapter 154 - Disc Replacement Technologies in the Cervical and Lumbar Spine | Vol. 2_1777 | ||
| Background Considerations | Vol. 2_1777 | ||
| General Considerations | Vol. 2_1778 | ||
| Operative Procedure | Vol. 2_1779 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1788 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1788.e1 | ||
| Chapter 155 - Anterior Approaches for Multilevel Cervical Spondylosis | Vol. 2_1789 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Multilevel Cervical Spondylosis | Vol. 2_1789 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_1790 | ||
| Surgery for Multilevel Cervical Spondylosis | Vol. 2_1790 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1798 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1800 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1800.e1 | ||
| Chapter 156 - Management of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy | Vol. 2_1801 | ||
| Pathologic Anatomy and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy | Vol. 2_1801 | ||
| Patient Presentation and Physical Examination | Vol. 2_1802 | ||
| Radiologic Evaluation | Vol. 2_1803 | ||
| Nonsurgical Treatment | Vol. 2_1804 | ||
| Operative Management | Vol. 2_1804 | ||
| Technique: Ventral Cervical Spine Approach | Vol. 2_1806 | ||
| Complications Associated with Ventral Approach to the Cervical Spine | Vol. 2_1808 | ||
| Operative Management | Vol. 2_1809 | ||
| Technique: Dorsal Cervical Spine Approach | Vol. 2_1810 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_1811 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1812 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1813 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1814.e1 | ||
| Chapter 157 - Cervical Laminoplasty: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1815 | ||
| Results of Cervical Laminoplasties | Vol. 2_1815 | ||
| Types of Cervical Laminoplasty | Vol. 2_1819 | ||
| Techniques and Materials | Vol. 2_1820 | ||
| En Bloc Laminoplasty | Vol. 2_1823 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 2_1823 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1824 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1824.e1 | ||
| Chapter 158 - Circumferential Cervical Spinal Fusion | Vol. 2_1825 | ||
| The Rationale for Circumferential Surgery | Vol. 2_1825 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1825 | ||
| Technique | Vol. 2_1826 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1830 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1831 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1831 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1832.e1 | ||
| Chapter 159 - Surgical Techniques in the Management of Thoracic Disc Herniations | Vol. 2_1833 | ||
| Important Concepts | Vol. 2_1833 | ||
| Intraoperative Localization | Vol. 2_1835 | ||
| Description of Individual Procedures | Vol. 2_1835 | ||
| Transsternal Approach to Thoracic Spine (T1-5) | Vol. 2_1841 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1841 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1842 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1842 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1842.e1 | ||
| Chapter 160 - Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Discectomy: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1843 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1843 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 2_1844 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 2_1846 | ||
| Surgical Indications | Vol. 2_1847 | ||
| Anesthesia | Vol. 2_1847 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1848 | ||
| Outcomes and Complications | Vol. 2_1850 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1851 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1851 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1852.e1 | ||
| Chapter 161 - Lumbar Microdiscectomy: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1853 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1853 | ||
| Pathophysiology | Vol. 2_1853 | ||
| Patient Evaluation and Surgical Indications | Vol. 2_1854 | ||
| Preparation | Vol. 2_1856 | ||
| Technique | Vol. 2_1858 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 2_1861 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1861 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1863 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1863 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1863 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1864.e1 | ||
| Chapter 162 - Minimally Invasive Lumbar Microdiscectomy: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1865 | ||
| Patient Positioning and Room Setup | Vol. 2_1865 | ||
| Technique | Vol. 2_1866 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 2_1869 | ||
| Complication Avoidance and Lessons Learned | Vol. 2_1869 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1869 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1870 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1870.e1 | ||
| Chapter 163 - Management of Far Lateral Lumbar Disc Herniations | Vol. 2_1871 | ||
| Materials and Methods | Vol. 2_1872 | ||
| Other Pathology Contributing to Far Lateral Root Compromise | Vol. 2_1874 | ||
| Neurodiagnostic Evaluations | Vol. 2_1875 | ||
| Conservative Management | Vol. 2_1877 | ||
| Critical Adjuncts to Far Lateral Disc Surgery | Vol. 2_1877 | ||
| Different Facet Resection Techniques | Vol. 2_1877 | ||
| Fusion | Vol. 2_1879 | ||
| Preoperative Psychometric Testing Used for Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1880 | ||
| Outcomes of Far Lateral Disc Surgery | Vol. 2_1880 | ||
| Far Lateral Disc Procedures | Vol. 2_1880 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1881 | ||
| Common Errors In Far Lateral Disc Surgery | Vol. 2_1881 | ||
| Outcome Study of Far Lateral Disc Surgery Using SF-36 | Vol. 2_1881 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1882 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1882.e1 | ||
| Chapter 164 - Lumbar Spinal Arthroplasty: Clinical Experiences of Motion Preservation | Vol. 2_1883 | ||
| Materials and Methods | Vol. 2_1883 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_1883 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_1887 | ||
| Total Disc Replacement Surgery | Vol. 2_1887 | ||
| Revision Techniques | Vol. 2_1888 | ||
| Long-Term Follow-Up of Tdr Patients | Vol. 2_1888 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1888 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1889 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1890.e1 | ||
| Chapter 165 - Management of Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis and Spondylolisthesis | Vol. 2_1891 | ||
| Lumbar Spinal Stenosis | Vol. 2_1891 | ||
| Spinal Stenosis with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis | Vol. 2_1894 | ||
| Case Illustrations and Operative Procedures | Vol. 2_1896 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1897 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1897 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1898.e1 | ||
| Chapter 166 - Posterior Lumbar Fusion by Open Technique: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1899 | ||
| History of Fusion | Vol. 2_1899 | ||
| Indications for a Fusion | Vol. 2_1899 | ||
| Assessment Before a Fusion Operation | Vol. 2_1912 | ||
| Fusing the Aging Spine | Vol. 2_1915 | ||
| Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis | Vol. 2_1916 | ||
| Techniques | Vol. 2_1917 | ||
| Intraoperative Electrophysiologic Monitoring and Lumbar Fusion | Vol. 2_1919 | ||
| Adjuvant Osteoinductive Biological Agents: Bone Morphogenetic Protein | Vol. 2_1920 | ||
| Adjunct External Bone Stimulation | Vol. 2_1921 | ||
| Complications After Fusion Surgery | Vol. 2_1922 | ||
| Postoperative Bracing | Vol. 2_1927 | ||
| Radiologic Assessment of Successful Fusion | Vol. 2_1927 | ||
| Economics of Lumbar Spinal Fusion | Vol. 2_1928 | ||
| Future Directions In Lumbar Spinal Fusion | Vol. 2_1928 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1929 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1929 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1930.e1 | ||
| Chapter 167 - Percutaneous Placement of Lumbar Pedicle Screws: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1931 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 2_1931 | ||
| Indications and Preoperative Assessment | Vol. 2_1931 | ||
| Operative Techniques | Vol. 2_1931 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1934 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_1936 | ||
| Case | Vol. 2_1936 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_1936 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1937 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1938.e1 | ||
| Chapter 168 - Dynamic Stabilization of the Lumbar Spine: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1939 | ||
| Biomechanical Rationale | Vol. 2_1939 | ||
| System Designs with Biomechanical and Clinical Outcomes | Vol. 2_1941 | ||
| Surgical Techniques and Complication Management | Vol. 2_1945 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_1946 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1946 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1946.e1 | ||
| Chapter 169 - Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion | Vol. 2_1947 | ||
| Patient Selection | Vol. 2_1947 | ||
| Open PLIF | Vol. 2_1947 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Spine PLIF | Vol. 2_1948 | ||
| Complications of PLIF | Vol. 2_1950 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1950 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1950 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1950.e1 | ||
| Chapter 170 - Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1951 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_1951 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1951 | ||
| Minimally Incisional TLIF | Vol. 2_1952 | ||
| Postoperative Care | Vol. 2_1953 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_1953 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1954 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1954.e1 | ||
| Chapter 171 - Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1955 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_1955 | ||
| Advantages | Vol. 2_1955 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_1955 | ||
| Contraindications | Vol. 2_1955 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 2_1956 | ||
| Operative Technique | Vol. 2_1956 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_1959 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_1960 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1961 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1962.e1 | ||
| Chapter 172 - Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1963 | ||
| Indications and Contraindications | Vol. 2_1963 | ||
| Clinical Results | Vol. 2_1964 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 2_1964 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_1966 | ||
| Limitations and Potential Complications of LLIF | Vol. 2_1971 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1972 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1972.e1 | ||
| Chapter 173 - Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_1973 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_1973 | ||
| Contraindications | Vol. 2_1973 | ||
| Preprocedure Evaluation | Vol. 2_1974 | ||
| Procedure: Vertebroplasty | Vol. 2_1975 | ||
| Procedure: Kyphoplasty | Vol. 2_1978 | ||
| Risks | Vol. 2_1979 | ||
| Benefits | Vol. 2_1981 | ||
| Future Directions | Vol. 2_1982 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1983 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1984.e1 | ||
| Chapter 174 - Management of Injuries of the Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord | Vol. 2_1985 | ||
| Upper Cervical Spine | Vol. 2_1985 | ||
| Atlas (C1) | Vol. 2_1986 | ||
| C1 Posterior Arch Fracture | Vol. 2_1986 | ||
| C1 Lateral Mass Fracture | Vol. 2_1986 | ||
| Horizontal Fractures of the Anterior Arch | Vol. 2_1986 | ||
| Axis (C2) | Vol. 2_1986 | ||
| Odontoid Fracture | Vol. 2_1986 | ||
| Posterior Element and Hangman’s Fracture | Vol. 2_1987 | ||
| Body and Complex | Vol. 2_1988 | ||
| Subaxial Spine | Vol. 2_1988 | ||
| Penetrating Injuries | Vol. 2_1990 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injury | Vol. 2_1990 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1992 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_1992.e1 | ||
| Chapter 175 - Transoral Approaches to the Cervical Spine | Vol. 2_1993 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 2_1993 | ||
| Pathology | Vol. 2_1993 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 2_1993 | ||
| Preoperative Considerations | Vol. 2_1994 | ||
| Transoral-Transpharyngeal Approach With or Without Palatotomy | Vol. 2_1994 | ||
| Endoscopy in Transoral Surgery | Vol. 2_1996 | ||
| Transoral-Transpharyngeal Plus Maxillary Osteotomy | Vol. 2_1996 | ||
| Transoral-Transpharyngeal Plus Transmandibular Circumglossal Approach | Vol. 2_1997 | ||
| Transcervical Endoscopic Odontoidectomy | Vol. 2_1998 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_1999 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2000 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2002.e1 | ||
| Chapter 176 - Atlantoaxial Instability and Stabilization | Vol. 2_2003 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations in Treating C1 and C2 Injuries | Vol. 2_2003 | ||
| Indications for Fixation | Vol. 2_2003 | ||
| Dorsal Wiring Techniques | Vol. 2_2005 | ||
| Screw Fixation Techniques | Vol. 2_2007 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_2011 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2012 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2012.e1 | ||
| Chapter 177 - Stabilization of the Subaxial Cervical Spine (C3–C7) | Vol. 2_2013 | ||
| Anterior Stabilization Techniques | Vol. 2_2013 | ||
| Posterior Stabilization Techniques | Vol. 2_2018 | ||
| Cervicothoracic Fixation | Vol. 2_2024 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2026 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2026.e1 | ||
| Chapter 178 - Thoracolumbar Anterolateral and Posterior Stabilization | Vol. 2_2027 | ||
| Posterior Stabilization | Vol. 2_2028 | ||
| Anterolateral Approach | Vol. 2_2030 | ||
| Discussion | Vol. 2_2033 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2034 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2034.e1 | ||
| Chapter 179 - Management of Sacral Fractures | Vol. 2_2035 | ||
| Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations | Vol. 2_2035 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 2_2036 | ||
| Evaluation | Vol. 2_2039 | ||
| General Treatment Principles | Vol. 2_2040 | ||
| Neural Decompression | Vol. 2_2042 | ||
| Surgical Stabilization Techniques | Vol. 2_2043 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2044 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2044 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2046.e1 | ||
| Chapter 180 - Management of Penetrating Injuries to the Spine | Vol. 2_2047 | ||
| Incidence and Classification | Vol. 2_2047 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | Vol. 2_2047 | ||
| Clinical Management | Vol. 2_2048 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | Vol. 2_2050 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | Vol. 2_2050 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_2052 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2054 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2054 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2054.e1 | ||
| Chapter 181 - Craniovertebral Abnormalities and Their Neurosurgical Management | Vol. 2_2055 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_2055 | ||
| Embryology and Anatomy | Vol. 2_2055 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | Vol. 2_2057 | ||
| Diagnostic Investigations | Vol. 2_2058 | ||
| Operative Techniques | Vol. 2_2060 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2070 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2070.e1 | ||
| Chapter 182 - Management of Chiari Malformations and Syringomyelia | Vol. 2_2071 | ||
| Definition and History | Vol. 2_2071 | ||
| Development | Vol. 2_2072 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | Vol. 2_2073 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | Vol. 2_2075 | ||
| Surgical Management | Vol. 2_2076 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 2_2079 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2079 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2080.e1 | ||
| Chapter 183 - Management of Occult Spinal Dysraphism in Adults | Vol. 2_2081 | ||
| Embryologic Considerations | Vol. 2_2081 | ||
| Presentation and Physical Examination | Vol. 2_2081 | ||
| Radiographic Assessment | Vol. 2_2083 | ||
| Pathologic Subtypes of Occult Spinal Dysraphism | Vol. 2_2085 | ||
| Surgical Decision Making In Adult Tethered Cord Syndrome | Vol. 2_2089 | ||
| Surgical Outcome | Vol. 2_2090 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_2090 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2090 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2090.e1 | ||
| Chapter 184 - Neurologic Problems of the Spine in Achondroplasia | Vol. 2_2091 | ||
| Causes and Pathophysiology | Vol. 2_2091 | ||
| Evaluation and Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2092 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_2099 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2099 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2100.e1 | ||
| Chapter 185 - Management of Degenerative Scoliosis | Vol. 2_2101 | ||
| Terminology | Vol. 2_2101 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 2_2101 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation | Vol. 2_2101 | ||
| Classification Systems | Vol. 2_2103 | ||
| Management | Vol. 2_2105 | ||
| Outcomes | Vol. 2_2108 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_2109 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2110 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2110 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2110.e1 | ||
| Chapter 186 - Surgical Management of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults | Vol. 2_2111 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 2_2111 | ||
| Incidence, Types, and Prognosis | Vol. 2_2112 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | Vol. 2_2117 | ||
| Imaging | Vol. 2_2118 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2119 | ||
| Intraoperative Electrophysiologic Monitoring | Vol. 2_2119 | ||
| Operative Procedure | Vol. 2_2122 | ||
| Outcome | Vol. 2_2124 | ||
| Postoperative Strategy | Vol. 2_2124 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions | Vol. 2_2125 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2125 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2126.e1 | ||
| Chapter 187 - Intradural Extramedullary Tumors | Vol. 2_2127 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 2_2127 | ||
| Histology | Vol. 2_2127 | ||
| Indications | Vol. 2_2127 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | Vol. 2_2127 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2133 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2134.e1 | ||
| Chapter 188 - Management of Spinal Cord Tumors and Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 2_2135 | ||
| Introduction | Vol. 2_2135 | ||
| Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors | Vol. 2_2135 | ||
| Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations | Vol. 2_2143 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2151 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2152.e1 | ||
| Chapter 189 - Management of Cauda Equina Tumors | Vol. 2_2153 | ||
| Definition of Cauda Equina Tumors | Vol. 2_2153 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 2_2153 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | Vol. 2_2154 | ||
| Management Decisions | Vol. 2_2154 | ||
| Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_2155 | ||
| Histologic Findings and their Consequences | Vol. 2_2155 | ||
| Follow-Up and Long-Term Outcome | Vol. 2_2164 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_2166 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2167 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2168.e1 | ||
| Chapter 190 - Management of Primary Malignant Tumors of the Osseous Spine | Vol. 2_2169 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 2_2169 | ||
| Indications for En Bloc Resection | Vol. 2_2170 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | Vol. 2_2170 | ||
| Operative Techniques | Vol. 2_2171 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation | Vol. 2_2175 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_2175 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 2_2175 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2176 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2176.e1 | ||
| Chapter 191 - Surgical Approaches to the Cervicothoracic Junction | Vol. 2_2177 | ||
| Clinical Features | Vol. 2_2178 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | Vol. 2_2178 | ||
| Approach-Related Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 2_2178 | ||
| Cervicothoracic Biomechanics | Vol. 2_2181 | ||
| Choice of Surgical Approach | Vol. 2_2182 | ||
| Anesthetic Considerations | Vol. 2_2183 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | Vol. 2_2183 | ||
| Reconstruction and Stabilization | Vol. 2_2187 | ||
| Discussion and Conclusion | Vol. 2_2190 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2191 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2192.e1 | ||
| Chapter 192 - Surgery for Metastatic Spine Disease | Vol. 2_2193 | ||
| Mechanism of Spread to the Spine | Vol. 2_2193 | ||
| Classification of Spine Tumors | Vol. 2_2193 | ||
| Management | Vol. 2_2193 | ||
| Selecting Patients for Surgical Intervention | Vol. 2_2194 | ||
| Determining the Surgical Approach | Vol. 2_2194 | ||
| Percutaneous Biopsy | Vol. 2_2196 | ||
| Assessing Instability in Spinal Metastatic Disease | Vol. 2_2197 | ||
| Radical Resection | Vol. 2_2198 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Tumor Resection | Vol. 2_2198 | ||
| Spinal Radiosurgery | Vol. 2_2198 | ||
| Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty | Vol. 2_2198 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2199 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2199 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2200.e1 | ||
| Chapter 193 - Surgical Resection of Sacral Tumors | Vol. 2_2201 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 2_2201 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2203 | ||
| Pathology | Vol. 2_2204 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | Vol. 2_2207 | ||
| Postoperative Care and Complication Avoidance | Vol. 2_2215 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2216 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2216 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2216.e1 | ||
| Chapter 194 - Surgical Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Spinal Surgery | Vol. 2_2217 | ||
| Incidence and Prevalence | Vol. 2_2217 | ||
| Specific Regions and Surgical Approaches | Vol. 2_2217 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | Vol. 2_2218 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2218 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 2_2218 | ||
| Summary | Vol. 2_2220 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2222 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2222.e1 | ||
| Section Ten - SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | Vol. 2_2223 | ||
| Chapter 195 - Peripheral Nerve Injury | Vol. 2_2225 | ||
| Classification | Vol. 2_2225 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | Vol. 2_2227 | ||
| Operative Management | Vol. 2_2230 | ||
| Mechanisms and Treatment of Specific Nerve Injuries | Vol. 2_2233 | ||
| Confounding Disorders | Vol. 2_2236 | ||
| Pain Management Following Nerve Injury | Vol. 2_2237 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2237 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2238.e1 | ||
| Chapter 196 - Imaging for Peripheral Nerve Disorders | Vol. 2_2239 | ||
| Diffusion and Diffusion Tensor Neurography Techniques | Vol. 2_2239 | ||
| T2-Based Neurography | Vol. 2_2240 | ||
| Classes of Image Findings | Vol. 2_2240 | ||
| Imaging in The Setting of Nerve Entrapment and Pain | Vol. 2_2240 | ||
| Nerve Trauma | Vol. 2_2243 | ||
| Nerve Tumors | Vol. 2_2244 | ||
| Imaging of Denervated Muscle | Vol. 2_2244 | ||
| Open MR-Guided Injections for Diagnosis and Treatment | Vol. 2_2244 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2244 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2246 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2246.e1 | ||
| Chapter 197 - Management of Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries | Vol. 2_2247 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 2_2247 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2249 | ||
| Case Illustration: Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2249 | ||
| Diagnosis: Electrical and Imaging Studies | Vol. 2_2250 | ||
| Initial Management, Indications, and Timing of Surgery | Vol. 2_2253 | ||
| Case Illustration: Operative Treatment of Stretch Injury | Vol. 2_2256 | ||
| Results | Vol. 2_2256 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_2257 | ||
| Future Directions | Vol. 2_2258 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2258 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2260.e1 | ||
| Chapter 198 - Nerve Transfers: Indications and Techniques | Vol. 2_2261 | ||
| Nerve Transfers (Neurotizations) | Vol. 2_2261 | ||
| General Principles: Surgical Technique | Vol. 2_2264 | ||
| Common Presentations: Strategies and Nerve Transfers | Vol. 2_2265 | ||
| Other Rarely Performed Nerve Transfers | Vol. 2_2269 | ||
| Newer Directions | Vol. 2_2271 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2271 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2272.e1 | ||
| Chapter 199 - Management of Median Nerve Compression | Vol. 2_2273 | ||
| Introduction to Median Nerve Compression | Vol. 2_2273 | ||
| Entrapment of the Median Nerve at the Wrist: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Vol. 2_2274 | ||
| Entrapment of the Median Nerve by the Supracondylar Process of the Humerus | Vol. 2_2281 | ||
| Median Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow and in the Forearm | Vol. 2_2282 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2285 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2286.e1 | ||
| Chapter 200 - Management of Ulnar Nerve Compression | Vol. 2_2287 | ||
| History | Vol. 2_2287 | ||
| Anatomy | Vol. 2_2287 | ||
| Etiology of Ulnar Nerve Compression | Vol. 2_2289 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2289 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2290 | ||
| Treatment Options | Vol. 2_2291 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2297 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2298.e1 | ||
| Chapter 201 - Management of Entrapment Neuropathies | Vol. 2_2299 | ||
| The Physiopathology of Chronic Nerve Compression | Vol. 2_2300 | ||
| Clinical Features | Vol. 2_2300 | ||
| Management of Compressed Nerves | Vol. 2_2300 | ||
| Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow | Vol. 2_2301 | ||
| Ulnar Nerve at the Wrist | Vol. 2_2302 | ||
| Median Nerve in the Axilla | Vol. 2_2302 | ||
| Median Nerve in the Arm | Vol. 2_2303 | ||
| Median Nerve at Pronator Arcade | Vol. 2_2303 | ||
| Anterior Interosseous Syndrome | Vol. 2_2303 | ||
| Radial Nerve at the Arm | Vol. 2_2304 | ||
| Posterior Interosseous Nerve | Vol. 2_2304 | ||
| Superficial Radial Nerve | Vol. 2_2304 | ||
| Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh | Vol. 2_2304 | ||
| Common Peroneal Nerve | Vol. 2_2305 | ||
| Tibial Nerve at the Ankle | Vol. 2_2305 | ||
| Sciatic Nerve | Vol. 2_2305 | ||
| “Iatropathic Entrapments” | Vol. 2_2307 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2307 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2308.e1 | ||
| Chapter 202 - Management of Nerve Sheath Tumors Involving the Spine | Vol. 2_2309 | ||
| Nerve Sheath Anatomy and Origin of the Nerve Sheath Tumors | Vol. 2_2309 | ||
| Classification and Pathology | Vol. 2_2309 | ||
| Tumor Location | Vol. 2_2310 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | Vol. 2_2311 | ||
| Imaging Features | Vol. 2_2311 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2311 | ||
| Surgical Indications | Vol. 2_2311 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | Vol. 2_2312 | ||
| Surgery in Neurofibromatosis Cases | Vol. 2_2314 | ||
| Case 1 | Vol. 2_2315 | ||
| Case 2 | Vol. 2_2315 | ||
| Case 3 | Vol. 2_2315 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2316 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2317 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2318.e1 | ||
| Chapter 203 - Peripheral Nerve Tumors of the Extremities | Vol. 2_2319 | ||
| Presentation | Vol. 2_2319 | ||
| History and Examination | Vol. 2_2319 | ||
| Imaging | Vol. 2_2320 | ||
| Electrophysiologic Studies | Vol. 2_2321 | ||
| Benign Peripheral Nerve Tumors | Vol. 2_2321 | ||
| Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors | Vol. 2_2326 | ||
| Conclusions | Vol. 2_2327 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2327 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2328.e1 | ||
| Chapter 204 - Management of Cranial Nerve Injuries | Vol. 2_2329 | ||
| Traumatic Olfactory Nerve Injury | Vol. 2_2329 | ||
| Traumatic Optic Nerve Injury | Vol. 2_2330 | ||
| Oculomotor Nerve | Vol. 2_2331 | ||
| Trochlear Nerve | Vol. 2_2332 | ||
| Trigeminal Nerve | Vol. 2_2332 | ||
| Abducens Nerve | Vol. 2_2332 | ||
| Facial Nerve | Vol. 2_2333 | ||
| Vestibulocochclear Nerve | Vol. 2_2335 | ||
| Vagus Nerve | Vol. 2_2336 | ||
| Spinal Accessory Nerve | Vol. 2_2336 | ||
| Vernet’s Syndrome: Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, and Spinal Accessory Nerve | Vol. 2_2337 | ||
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve | Vol. 2_2337 | ||
| Hypoglossal Nerve | Vol. 2_2337 | ||
| Collet-Sicard Syndrome: Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, and Hypoglossal Nerve | Vol. 2_2337 | ||
| Neck Surgery and Lower Cranial Nerve Injuries | Vol. 2_2337 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2338 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2338.e1 | ||
| Chapter 205 - Management of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Vol. 2_2339 | ||
| Treatment | Vol. 2_2340 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | Vol. 2_2340 | ||
| Pathogenesis | Vol. 2_2340 | ||
| Diagnosis | Vol. 2_2341 | ||
| Initial Management, Indications, and Timing of Surgery | Vol. 2_2344 | ||
| Clinical Outcomes Following Surgery | Vol. 2_2346 | ||
| Complications | Vol. 2_2347 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_2347 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2348 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2348.e1 | ||
| Chapter 206 - Nerve-Grafting Procedures for Birth-Related Peripheral Nerve Injuries | Vol. 2_2349 | ||
| Neuropathophysiology | Vol. 2_2349 | ||
| Natural History | Vol. 2_2350 | ||
| Electromyography and Prognosis | Vol. 2_2350 | ||
| Conservative Treatment the First Few Months of Life | Vol. 2_2351 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | Vol. 2_2351 | ||
| Conclusion | Vol. 2_2361 | ||
| KEY REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2361 | ||
| REFERENCES | Vol. 2_2362.e1 | ||
| INDEX | Vol. 2_I-1 |