BOOK
Restorative Dentistry- E-Book
(2013)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
With more than 2,080 vibrant, full-color clinical photographs, Restorative Dentistry presents the Italian Academy of Conservative Dentistry's authoritative coverage of endodontics, cosmetics, prosthodontics, traumatology, and general operative principles with unparalleled visual detail. This atlas-style resource guides you step-by-step through essential procedures and presents realistic case scenarios to help you deepen your understanding of restorative principles and successfully apply your knowledge to patient treatment.
- More than 2,200 world-class photographs provide rich clinical detail to enhance your understanding of commonly encountered conditions.
- Step-by-step procedures in each chapter are integrated with interesting case studies to clarify techniques and help you confidently apply concepts in the clinical setting.
- Summary boxes provide fast access to key chapter content.
- Clinical approach reflects the trusted expertise of the Accademia Italiana di Conservativa (Italian Academy of Conservative Dentistry) and familiarizes you with the latest scientific research and treatment techniques.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Restorative Dentistry | i | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Authors | v | ||
| Collaborators | viii | ||
| Forewords | ix | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Table of Contents | xi | ||
| 1 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Restorative Dentistry | 1 | ||
| Periodontal Diagnosis | 3 | ||
| Notes on the Anatomy and Histology of the Dental Functional Unit | 3 | ||
| Diagnosis | 6 | ||
| Medical History | 6 | ||
| Periodontal Probing | 8 | ||
| Periodontal Probing | 13 | ||
| Radiographs | 14 | ||
| Radiographs | 15 | ||
| Radiographs | 16 | ||
| Radiographs | 17 | ||
| Laboratory Testing | 18 | ||
| Infection Control | 19 | ||
| Treatment | 19 | ||
| Etiologic Phase | 19 | ||
| Reparative Phase | 21 | ||
| Clinical Crown Lengthening | 21 | ||
| Subcrestal Caries | 22 | ||
| Subcrestal Caries | 23 | ||
| Poorly Contoured Restoration | 24 | ||
| Comparison of Two Similar Clinical Cases (Figures 1-49 to 1-55) | 25 | ||
| Case 1 | 25 | ||
| Case 2 | 28 | ||
| Caries Diagnosis | 29 | ||
| Caries Classification | 30 | ||
| Anatomopathologic Classification | 30 | ||
| Enamel Caries | 30 | ||
| Dentin Caries | 32 | ||
| Topographic Classification | 34 | ||
| Black Classification | 35 | ||
| Class I | 35 | ||
| Class II | 36 | ||
| Class III | 36 | ||
| Class IV | 37 | ||
| Class V | 37 | ||
| Symptomatologic Classification | 38 | ||
| Clinical Classification | 38 | ||
| Clinical Classification of Baume and Holtz | 39 | ||
| Radiographic Classification | 40 | ||
| Caries Diagnosis | 40 | ||
| Diagnosis of Presence | 40 | ||
| Clinical Examination | 40 | ||
| Instrumental Examination | 40 | ||
| Dental Explorer | 41 | ||
| Transillumination | 41 | ||
| Electrical Conductance | 41 | ||
| Laser-Induced Fluorescence | 42 | ||
| Conventional and Digital Radiographic Examination | 44 | ||
| Diagnosis of Activity | 44 | ||
| Caries Risk Diagnosis | 44 | ||
| Microbiologic and Salivary Tests | 47 | ||
| Caries Risk Classification | 48 | ||
| Treatment | 48 | ||
| References | 49 | ||
| Conventional Radiographic Examinations | 50 | ||
| Classification | 50 | ||
| Basic Principles | 52 | ||
| Protection | 52 | ||
| Factors Influencing X-Ray Beam Quality | 52 | ||
| Execution of X-Ray Images | 53 | ||
| Bisecting-Angle Technique | 53 | ||
| Parallel-Beam Technique (Long Cone Technique) | 53 | ||
| The Buccal Object Rule | 54 | ||
| Ideal Conditions | 54 | ||
| Film Holders | 54 | ||
| Types of Film Holders | 55 | ||
| Conventional System | 57 | ||
| Image Formation on Film | 57 | ||
| Development, Fixing, and Storage | 58 | ||
| What Causes Errors | 59 | ||
| Washed-out Radiographs | 59 | ||
| Dark Radiographs | 59 | ||
| Light or Dark Stains | 59 | ||
| Yellow or Brown Stains | 60 | ||
| Partial, Distorted, or Blurred Images | 60 | ||
| References | 60 | ||
| Digital Radiography | 62 | ||
| The Digital System | 62 | ||
| Phosphor Digital System | 62 | ||
| Plate Preparation | 62 | ||
| X-Ray Exposure | 62 | ||
| Reading | 64 | ||
| Processing and Saving | 64 | ||
| Digital System with CCD Sensor | 64 | ||
| Sensor Preparation | 64 | ||
| X-Ray Exposure | 64 | ||
| Reading | 65 | ||
| Processing and Storage | 65 | ||
| Conclusion | 65 | ||
| Notes on Digital Dental Photography | 66 | ||
| Camera Settings | 67 | ||
| Exposure Mode | 67 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 67 | ||
| Manual Focus | 67 | ||
| Picture Quality | 67 | ||
| Image Size | 67 | ||
| Type of Exposure | 67 | ||
| Flash | 67 | ||
| White Balance | 67 | ||
| Flash Compensation for Photography with Mirrors | 67 | ||
| Lens Adjustment | 68 | ||
| Accessories and Other Required Materials | 69 | ||
| Mirrors | 69 | ||
| Retractors | 71 | ||
| Contrastors | 72 | ||
| Front Face View, Smiling and Not Smiling—Right and Left Side Face View | 73 | ||
| Camera | 73 | ||
| Diaphragm | 73 | ||
| Patient | 73 | ||
| Front Mouth View | 74 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 74 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 74 | ||
| Distance | 74 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 74 | ||
| Mouth Openers | 74 | ||
| Positions | 74 | ||
| Patient | 74 | ||
| Operator | 74 | ||
| Assistant | 74 | ||
| Focal Point | 74 | ||
| Result | 74 | ||
| Lower Mouth Occlusal View | 75 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 75 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 75 | ||
| Distance | 75 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 75 | ||
| Mouth Openers | 75 | ||
| Mirror | 75 | ||
| Positions | 75 | ||
| Patient | 75 | ||
| Operator | 75 | ||
| Assistant | 75 | ||
| Focal Point | 75 | ||
| Result | 75 | ||
| Upper Occlusal Mouth View | 76 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 76 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 76 | ||
| Distance | 76 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 76 | ||
| Retractors | 76 | ||
| Mirror | 76 | ||
| Positions | 76 | ||
| Patient | 76 | ||
| Operator | 76 | ||
| Assistant | 76 | ||
| Focal Point | 76 | ||
| Result | 76 | ||
| Right and Left Lateral Mouth View in Occlusion | 77 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 77 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 77 | ||
| Distance | 77 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 77 | ||
| Retractors | 77 | ||
| Mirror | 77 | ||
| Positions | 77 | ||
| Patient | 77 | ||
| Operator | 77 | ||
| Assistant | 77 | ||
| Focal Point | 77 | ||
| Result | 77 | ||
| Upper and Lower Right and Left Occlusal Table | 78 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 78 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 78 | ||
| Distance | 78 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 78 | ||
| Retractors | 78 | ||
| Mirror | 78 | ||
| Positions | 78 | ||
| Patient | 78 | ||
| Operator | 78 | ||
| Assistant | 78 | ||
| Focal Point | 78 | ||
| Result | 78 | ||
| Right and Left Lingual Side | 79 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 79 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 79 | ||
| Distance | 79 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 79 | ||
| Retractors | 79 | ||
| Mirror | 79 | ||
| Positions | 79 | ||
| Patient | 79 | ||
| Operator | 79 | ||
| Assistant | 79 | ||
| Focal Point | 79 | ||
| Result | 79 | ||
| Right and Left Palatal Side | 80 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 80 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 80 | ||
| Distance | 80 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 80 | ||
| Mouth Openers | 80 | ||
| Mirror | 80 | ||
| Positions | 80 | ||
| Patient | 80 | ||
| Operator | 80 | ||
| Assistant | 80 | ||
| Focal Point | 80 | ||
| Result | 80 | ||
| Overjet | 81 | ||
| Aperture Setting | 81 | ||
| Flash Compensation | 81 | ||
| Distance | 81 | ||
| Magnification Ratio | 81 | ||
| Retractors | 81 | ||
| Mirror | 81 | ||
| Positions | 81 | ||
| Patient | 81 | ||
| Operator | 81 | ||
| Assistant | 81 | ||
| Focal Point | 81 | ||
| Result | 81 | ||
| References | 82 | ||
| 2 Causal Therapy | 83 | ||
| Diagnosis | 84 | ||
| Clinical Records | 84 | ||
| General Medical History | 84 | ||
| Stomatognathic History | 84 | ||
| Examination | 85 | ||
| Periodontal Probing | 88 | ||
| Probing Depth | 88 | ||
| Bleeding on Probing | 88 | ||
| Clinical Attachment Level | 88 | ||
| Tooth Mobility | 89 | ||
| Radiographic Records | 89 | ||
| Indications and Characteristics | 89 | ||
| Conclusion | 90 | ||
| Causal Therapy | 91 | ||
| Gingivitis | 91 | ||
| Periodontitis | 91 | ||
| Execution | 92 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy | 93 | ||
| Reevaluation | 95 | ||
| Clinical Case 1 | 96 | ||
| Diagnosis | 96 | ||
| Treatment Plan | 97 | ||
| Causal Therapy and Reevaluation | 97 | ||
| Finalization | 98 | ||
| Clinical Case 2 | 100 | ||
| Diagnosis | 100 | ||
| Treatment Plan | 101 | ||
| Causal Therapy and Reevaluation | 101 | ||
| Conclusion | 106 | ||
| References | 106 | ||
| Recommended Journals | 106 | ||
| 3 Isolation of the Operative Site | 107 | ||
| Why Isolation Is Necessary and How to Achieve It | 108 | ||
| Stabilization of the Clamps | 108 | ||
| Thermoplastic Impression Compound | 108 | ||
| Use of the Thermoplastic Compound | 109 | ||
| Special Cases | 110 | ||
| Sealing the Rubber Dam Sheet | 111 | ||
| Examples of Sealing the Rubber Dam Sheet | 112 | ||
| Special Cases | 115 | ||
| Other Examples of Stabilization | 116 | ||
| Sandblasting of the Clamps | 118 | ||
| Modified Clamps | 119 | ||
| Examples of Clamp Modifications | 120 | ||
| Other Examples of Modified Clamp | 123 | ||
| Isolation of an Entire Arch | 124 | ||
| Problems and Practical Solutions | 126 | ||
| Severely Compromised Teeth | 130 | ||
| Clinical Case | 132 | ||
| References | 134 | ||
| 4 Biologic Aspects: | 135 | ||
| Protection of the Pulp | 137 | ||
| Functions of the Dental Pulp | 137 | ||
| Trauma | 137 | ||
| What the Pulp Should Be Protected From | 140 | ||
| Microleakage | 140 | ||
| Non–Hermetically Sealed Restorations | 143 | ||
| Defense Mechanisms | 144 | ||
| Inner and Outer Dentin | 144 | ||
| Protection of the Pulp | 144 | ||
| Pulp Damage | 145 | ||
| Preparation of the Abutment for a Full Crown | 145 | ||
| Temporary Restoration | 145 | ||
| Pulp Necrosis Caused by Periodontal-Prosthetic Treatments in Vital Teeth | 145 | ||
| Natural Communication Routes between the Endodontium and the Periodontium | 146 | ||
| Dentinal Tubules and the Apical Foramen | 146 | ||
| Lateral Canals | 148 | ||
| Influence of Periodontal Disease and Periodontal Treatment on the Endodontium | 148 | ||
| Protective Bases | 150 | ||
| Why Use a Protective Base? | 150 | ||
| Thermal Insulation | 151 | ||
| Characteristics and Types of Protective Bases | 151 | ||
| Calcium Hydroxide | 151 | ||
| Cavity Varnishes | 152 | ||
| Cavity Liners | 152 | ||
| IRM | 152 | ||
| Glass-Ionomer Cements | 152 | ||
| Mineral Trioxide Aggregate | 152 | ||
| Composition and Physical Properties | 152 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping | 152 | ||
| Conclusion | 153 | ||
| Enamel-Dentin Adhesives | 153 | ||
| Adhesive Step | 154 | ||
| Dentin Substrate | 154 | ||
| Materials and Operator | 155 | ||
| Dentin Conditioning | 155 | ||
| Invasive Extracanalar Supraosseous Resorption (“Pink Tooth”) | 157 | ||
| Drying of the Dentin | 158 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 158 | ||
| Conclusion and Outlook | 158 | ||
| Failure of the Adhesive Bond | 158 | ||
| References | 158 | ||
| Pulp-Dentin Protection with Adhesive Techniques* | 161 | ||
| Esthetics and Function in Relation to the Internal Biologic Structures | 161 | ||
| Direct Restoration with Pulp-Dentin Protection of Two Class I Cavities with Esthetic Adhesive Materials | 163 | ||
| Composite Placement with the Multiple Layering Technique | 167 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping with Adhesive Techniques | 170 | ||
| Case Presentation | 172 | ||
| Materials for Direct Pulp Capping | 173 | ||
| Case Reports of Direct Pulp Capping | 175 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping with Total Etch Technique and Silver Amalgam: 11 Years of Pulp Vitality | 175 | ||
| Trauma of a Permanent Front Tooth in a Boy | 176 | ||
| Conclusion | 179 | ||
| References | 180 | ||
| Innovations in the Field of Dentin Adhesion | 182 | ||
| Clinical Problems and Applications | 182 | ||
| Basic Composition of Modern Adhesives | 182 | ||
| Classification of Enamel-Dentin Adhesives | 182 | ||
| Action on the Substrate | 182 | ||
| Number of Clinical Steps and Products Used | 183 | ||
| Solvent Types | 183 | ||
| Clinical Classification | 183 | ||
| Etch-and-Rinse Systems | 183 | ||
| Systems That Remove the Smear Layer | 183 | ||
| Enamel Etching | 184 | ||
| Dentin Etching | 184 | ||
| Enamel-Dentin Adhesive Classification | 184 | ||
| Three-Step Etch-and-Rinse | 184 | ||
| Two-Step Etch-and-Rinse | 184 | ||
| Self-Etching (Two Steps) | 184 | ||
| All-in-One (One-Step One-Component) | 184 | ||
| Three-Step Etch-and-Rinse Systems: Clinical Application | 187 | ||
| Etching | 187 | ||
| Primer | 187 | ||
| Bonding | 188 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages | 188 | ||
| Two-Step Etch-and-Rinse System: Clinical Application | 188 | ||
| Etching | 188 | ||
| Primer and Bonding | 188 | ||
| 5 Silver Amalgam and Current Applications | 223 | ||
| Clinical Properties | 224 | ||
| Clinical Considerations: Amalgam Versus Adhesive Restorations | 224 | ||
| Current Clinical Applications | 230 | ||
| Case 1 | 232 | ||
| Case 2 | 233 | ||
| Case 3 | 234 | ||
| Case 4 | 234 | ||
| Case 5 | 235 | ||
| Case 6 | 236 | ||
| Case 7 | 237 | ||
| Case 8 | 238 | ||
| Bonded Amalgam | 240 | ||
| Conclusion | 240 | ||
| Case Report | 240 | ||
| Case Report | 241 | ||
| Factors Related to the Cavity | 241 | ||
| Cofactors | 241 | ||
| References | 244 | ||
| 6 Bleaching Techniques | 245 | ||
| Example of Minimally Invasive Dentistry | 247 | ||
| The Enemies of Dental Esthetics | 248 | ||
| Pigmentation and Discoloration | 248 | ||
| Bleaching | 251 | ||
| At-Home Bleaching | 252 | ||
| Bleaching Tray | 252 | ||
| Vital Bleaching: Indications and Contraindications | 253 | ||
| Tetracycline Discoloration | 254 | ||
| Side Effects | 255 | ||
| Chemicals and Modes of Action | 256 | ||
| Available Products | 257 | ||
| Clinical Application of at-Home Bleaching | 257 | ||
| Medical History | 257 | ||
| Diagnosis | 258 | ||
| Information and Motivation | 258 | ||
| Initial Preparation | 258 | ||
| “Traditional” at-Home Bleaching: Protocol 1 | 258 | ||
| Execution of the Treatment | 258 | ||
| First Session | 258 | ||
| Second Session | 258 | ||
| Third Session | 258 | ||
| Reevaluation | 258 | ||
| Fourth Session | 258 | ||
| “Traditional” at-Home Bleaching: Protocol 2 | 258 | ||
| Periodic Checkups | 259 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages of at-Home Bleaching | 259 | ||
| Case Reports | 260 | ||
| Case 1 | 260 | ||
| Case 2 | 261 | ||
| Case 3 | 262 | ||
| Case 4 | 263 | ||
| Case 5 | 265 | ||
| Power Bleaching | 268 | ||
| Case Report: Power Bleaching | 269 | ||
| Side Effects | 271 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Power Bleaching | 271 | ||
| Walking Bleach (Internal Bleaching) | 271 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 274 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 276 | ||
| Case Report 3 | 277 | ||
| Case Report 4 | 277 | ||
| Tooth Color Adjustment before At-Home Bleaching | 278 | ||
| Tooth Bleaching Before Restoration Of The Front Teeth | 280 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 280 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 282 | ||
| Tooth Bleaching As Part of Conservative Treatment Planning | 283 | ||
| Side Effects of Internal Bleaching | 285 | ||
| Invasive Cervical Resorption* | 286 | ||
| Preprosthetic Bleaching | 288 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 289 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 290 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 291 | ||
| References | 291 | ||
| 7 Direct Restorations in the Anterior | 293 | ||
| Indications for and Limitations of Direct Restorations | 295 | ||
| When Should Direct Adhesive Restorations Be Performed? | 296 | ||
| Shade and Morphologic Mapping | 298 | ||
| Preconditions | 298 | ||
| Shade Parameters | 298 | ||
| Psychological Parameters | 298 | ||
| Mathematical Parameters | 299 | ||
| Choice of Shade | 299 | ||
| Anatomic Preconditions | 299 | ||
| Shade Reproduction | 300 | ||
| Philosophy of Composite Materials | 301 | ||
| Eight Steps to Choosing a Shade | 303 | ||
| Removal of Any Disturbances | 304 | ||
| Assessment of the Shade of Dentin | 305 | ||
| Depth of Dentin Shade (Chroma) | 305 | ||
| Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Dentin, Shape and Location of Mamelons | 305 | ||
| Opacity and Transparency of the Incisal Margin | 305 | ||
| Choice of Enamel Masses | 305 | ||
| Enamel Thickness and Uniformity | 307 | ||
| Presence and Location of Areas with a Change in Value (Opacity) | 307 | ||
| Operative Technique | 308 | ||
| Layering | 308 | ||
| Layering | 309 | ||
| Finishing and Polishing | 312 | ||
| Finishing and Polishing | 313 | ||
| Dental Matrix Bands | 317 | ||
| Longevity | 317 | ||
| Black Class IV | 319 | ||
| Case 1 | 319 | ||
| Case 2 | 321 | ||
| Reattachment of Tooth Fragments | 324 | ||
| Case 1 | 324 | ||
| Case 2 | 325 | ||
| Black Class III Cavities | 326 | ||
| References | 327 | ||
| 8 Adhesive Cementation | 329 | ||
| What is Adhesive Cementation? | 332 | ||
| When Should Adhesive Cementation Be Used? | 333 | ||
| What are The Properties of Adhesive Cements? | 333 | ||
| Mechanical and Physical Properties | 333 | ||
| Low Solubility in Oral Fluids | 333 | ||
| High Mechanical Compressive and Tensile Strength | 333 | ||
| Reduced Film Thickness | 333 | ||
| Good Adhesion to the Mineralized Tissues of the Tooth and Prosthetic Restoration | 333 | ||
| Low Water Absorption | 334 | ||
| Biologic Properties | 334 | ||
| Nontoxicity and Insulation of the Pulp | 334 | ||
| Caries Resistance and Low Solubility | 334 | ||
| Handling Properties | 334 | ||
| Adequate Setting Time | 334 | ||
| Esthetic Properties | 334 | ||
| Good Esthetic Integration | 334 | ||
| Color Stability | 334 | ||
| Radiopacity | 334 | ||
| Which Materials Can Be Adhesively Luted? | 334 | ||
| How Should Different Materials Be Conditioned for Adhesive Cementation? | 335 | ||
| Metals | 335 | ||
| Composite Materials | 336 | ||
| Glass Ceramics | 337 | ||
| Crystalline Ceramics | 340 | ||
| Conditioning of Glass-Ceramic Restorations | 342 | ||
| How Should Dental Tissues Be Conditioned for Adhesive Cementation? | 343 | ||
| How Important is The Thickness of the Cement? | 344 | ||
| How Is Cement Thickness Measured? | 345 | ||
| Indications and Clinical Procedures for Indirect Restorations of Adhesively Luted Front Teeth | 348 | ||
| Indirect Composite Restorations | 348 | ||
| Case Report | 349 | ||
| Indirect Composite Restorations | 350 | ||
| Glass-Ceramic Veneers | 352 | ||
| Case Reports | 353 | ||
| Case Report 1: Glass-Ceramic Veneers | 354 | ||
| Case Report 2: Glass-Ceramic Veneers | 356 | ||
| All-Ceramic (Glass) Crowns | 358 | ||
| Case Report | 358 | ||
| Case Report 3: All-Ceramic Crowns | 359 | ||
| References | 361 | ||
| 9 Direct Composite Restorations | 365 | ||
| Overview | 366 | ||
| Reasons for Employing Adhesive Dentistry in the Posterior | 366 | ||
| Tissue-Sparing Principle | 367 | ||
| Reinforcement of the Residual Tooth Structure | 367 | ||
| Esthetics | 367 | ||
| Amalgam Phobia | 367 | ||
| Improved Materials | 368 | ||
| Shifts in Disease Prevalence | 368 | ||
| Longevity | 368 | ||
| Suitable for All Types of Cavities | 368 | ||
| Direct Class I Restorations in the Posterior | 371 | ||
| Adhesive Cosmetic Restorations in the Posterior | 371 | ||
| Classification | 372 | ||
| Direct and Indirect Posterior Composite Restorations | 373 | ||
| Indications | 375 | ||
| Treatment of a Quadrant with the Direct Technique (Class I and II Cavity) | 376 | ||
| Cavity Preparation Techniques | 377 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Preparations | 377 | ||
| Atraumatic Restorative Technique | 378 | ||
| Traditional Rotary Instruments | 378 | ||
| Sonic Instruments | 378 | ||
| Treatment of Interproximal Lesions with Sonic Instruments | 381 | ||
| Use of Sonic Instruments for Preparing Small Interproximal Cavities | 382 | ||
| Chemical-Mechanical Systems | 383 | ||
| Chemical-Mechanical Treatment | 384 | ||
| Air Abrasion | 385 | ||
| Laser Systems | 385 | ||
| Ozone Therapy | 386 | ||
| Materials for Minimally Invasive Restorations | 386 | ||
| Conventional Preparations | 386 | ||
| Instruments for Direct Posterior Composite Restorations | 387 | ||
| Preventive Preparation | 388 | ||
| Preventive Preparation | 389 | ||
| Operative Sequence for Preventive Resin Restorations | 390 | ||
| Case Report | 391 | ||
| Adhesive Preparation | 392 | ||
| Adhesive Preparation | 393 | ||
| Conventional Chamfer Preparation | 393 | ||
| Conventional Chamfer Preparation | 394 | ||
| Materials | 395 | ||
| Layering | 395 | ||
| Bulk Technique | 395 | ||
| Horizontal Layering Technique | 395 | ||
| Oblique Layering Technique | 396 | ||
| Oblique Stratification | 397 | ||
| Case Report | 398 | ||
| 10 Posterior Composite Restorations: | 443 | ||
| Direct Technique | 445 | ||
| Composite Layering | 446 | ||
| Direct Technique: Composite Layering | 447 | ||
| Indirect Technique | 447 | ||
| Cavity Preparation | 448 | ||
| Indirect Technique: Cavity Preparation | 449 | ||
| Choice of Technique | 450 | ||
| Conclusions | 454 | ||
| References | 454 | ||
| 11 Indirect Restorations in the Posterior Quadrants: | 457 | ||
| Case Reports | 459 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 459 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 461 | ||
| Case Report 3 | 464 | ||
| Case Report 4 | 466 | ||
| Case Report 5 | 471 | ||
| Case Report 6 | 473 | ||
| Case Report 7 | 478 | ||
| Case Report 8 | 479 | ||
| Step-By-Step Inlay Technique | 481 | ||
| Inlay Technique | 482 | ||
| 12 Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth | 489 | ||
| Biomechanics of Nonvital Teeth | 490 | ||
| What Type of Restoration Should be used for Each Sextant or Quadrant? | 491 | ||
| Anterior Quadrant | 491 | ||
| Restorative Options | 491 | ||
| Direct Composite Restoration | 491 | ||
| Indirect Ceramic or Resin Veneer | 491 | ||
| Gold-Ceramic Crown | 491 | ||
| Ceramic Crown Fired on Foil | 491 | ||
| All-Ceramic or Metal-Free Crown | 493 | ||
| Gold-Resin or Resin Crown | 493 | ||
| Posterior Quadrant | 493 | ||
| Restorative Options | 493 | ||
| Direct Amalgam Restoration | 493 | ||
| Direct Composite Restoration | 494 | ||
| Indirect Gold Restoration | 494 | ||
| Indirect Composite or Ceramic Restoration | 496 | ||
| Full Gold-Ceramic Crown | 496 | ||
| All-Ceramic or Metal-Free Crown | 500 | ||
| Restorative Decision-Making Process Based on Endodontic Status | 500 | ||
| Direct Restoration (Anterior and Posterior Teeth) | 500 | ||
| Buildup or Preprosthetic Restoration with or without Posts (Anterior and Posterior Teeth) | 500 | ||
| Partial or Total Prosthetic Restoration (Anterior and Posterior Teeth) | 500 | ||
| Preprosthetic Restorations | 502 | ||
| From Rigid to Dentinlike Posts | 503 | ||
| Adhesion in Endodontically Treated Teeth | 505 | ||
| Dentin-Cement Interface | 505 | ||
| Post-Cement Interface | 506 | ||
| Cementation of Fiber Posts | 506 | ||
| How Many Posts Should Be Placed in Monoradicular and Multiradicular Teeth? | 506 | ||
| When Should the Restoration Be Performed? | 508 | ||
| Cleaning of the pulp chamber | 508 | ||
| Reopening of the Root Canal | 508 | ||
| Post Length | 508 | ||
| Choice of Post (Type of Fiber and Shape) | 509 | ||
| Isolation of the Operative Site | 509 | ||
| Use of Matrix Bands | 509 | ||
| Drying of the Root Canal | 509 | ||
| Silanization of the Post | 510 | ||
| Adhesive System | 510 | ||
| Application of Adhesive Fluids | 510 | ||
| Cement | 510 | ||
| Preparation and Application of Cement | 511 | ||
| Placement of the Post | 512 | ||
| Coronal Portion | 512 | ||
| Prosthetic Preparation | 512 | ||
| Two-Step Adhesive System: Operative Sequence (Figure 12-31) | 512 | ||
| Three-Step Adhesive System: Operative Sequence | 515 | ||
| Large Root Canals | 515 | ||
| Indirect Techniques with Adhesive Luting | 516 | ||
| Indirect Techniques with Conventional Luting | 517 | ||
| Parallelization of Multiple Abutments | 518 | ||
| Endodontic Retreatment of Teeth Restored with Fiber Posts | 518 | ||
| Prosthetic Preparation of Endodontically Treated Anterior and Posterior Teeth | 518 | ||
| Gold-Ceramic or All-Ceramic Crowns | 518 | ||
| Materials and Thicknesses | 519 | ||
| Type of Tooth and Smile Line | 519 | ||
| Types of Prosthetic Preparation | 521 | ||
| Single Teeth | 521 | ||
| Bridge Abutment Tooth | 524 | ||
| Luting | 526 | ||
| Occlusal Evaluation | 526 | ||
| Overview of Current Indications for the Restorative Treatment of Nonvital Posterior Teeth | 527 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 528 | ||
| References | 528 | ||
| 13 Relationship between Restorative Treatment and Periodontal Health | 531 | ||
| Surgical Clinical Crown Lengthening | 532 | ||
| Overview | 532 | ||
| Treatment | 534 | ||
| Gingivectomy | 534 | ||
| Coronal Fracture | 535 | ||
| Fracture above the Gingival Attachment | 535 | ||
| Fracture below the Gingival Attachment but above the Bony Ridge | 536 | ||
| Fracture below the Bony Ridge | 536 | ||
| Subgingival Caries | 536 | ||
| Fracture | 536 | ||
| Surgical Protocol | 538 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 539 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 541 | ||
| References | 544 | ||
| Relationship between Restorations and Marginal Periodontium | 545 | ||
| Plaque control | 545 | ||
| Interproximal area | 545 | ||
| Marginal Ridges | 545 | ||
| Contact Area | 548 | ||
| Case Report | 550 | ||
| Interproximal Space | 551 | ||
| Positioning of the restoration margin | 551 | ||
| Esthetic Needs | 551 | ||
| Interproximal Caries and Preservation of the Cervical Step | 551 | ||
| Preservation of the Cervical Step | 554 | ||
| Sandwich Technique | 555 | ||
| Caries and Cervical Erosions | 556 | ||
| Restorative Treatment | 556 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 556 | ||
| Combined Treatment | 556 | ||
| Fractures | 556 | ||
| Carious Lesions: Surgical Treatment | 558 | ||
| Cervical Lesions: Combined Treatment | 559 | ||
| Case of Fracture Treatment | 560 | ||
| Periodontal biotype | 561 | ||
| Emergence profile | 561 | ||
| Maturation of the tissues | 561 | ||
| Maintenance | 561 | ||
| References | 565 | ||
| 14 Notes on Pediatric Dentistry | 567 | ||
| Caries and Caries Prevention | 568 | ||
| Etiopathogenesis | 568 | ||
| Preventive Measures | 569 | ||
| Deciduous Dentition | 569 | ||
| Permanent Dentition | 573 | ||
| Food | 579 | ||
| Piercing | 579 | ||
| Treating Children | 582 | ||
| The Dental Visit | 582 | ||
| Restorative Treatment of Deciduous Teeth | 584 | ||
| Endodontic Treatment of Deciduous Teeth | 585 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 586 | ||
| Teeth with Vital Pulp | 587 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 588 | ||
| Teeth with Necrotic Pulp | 589 | ||
| Partial Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth | 590 | ||
| Carious Lesion | 590 | ||
| Technique with Calcium Hydroxide | 590 | ||
| Technique with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate | 592 | ||
| Fracture | 592 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide | 592 | ||
| Indirect Pulp Capping | 593 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide | 594 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping with the Adhesive Technique | 596 | ||
| Direct Pulp Capping with the Adhesive Technique | 596 | ||
| Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Immature Apex: Apexification | 599 | ||
| Frank’s Apexification Technique | 599 | ||
| Apexification Technique with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate | 600 | ||
| Technique with MTA | 600 | ||
| Case Reports | 601 | ||
| Case 1 | 602 | ||
| Case 2 | 603 | ||
| References | 605 | ||
| 15 Traumatology | 607 | ||
| Epidemiology | 608 | ||
| Etiology and Predisposing Factors | 608 | ||
| Classification | 608 | ||
| Effects of trauma on the tissues | 609 | ||
| Diagnosis | 609 | ||
| Treatment | 610 | ||
| Crown Fractures | 610 | ||
| Class A, B, and C Coronal Fractures | 611 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 611 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 611 | ||
| Class B1 and C1 Coronal Fractures | 612 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 612 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 612 | ||
| Class D1 and D1 Coronal Fractures | 614 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 614 | ||
| Root Fractures | 615 | ||
| Root Fractures | 616 | ||
| Concussion, Subluxation, Luxation | 617 | ||
| Concussion, Subluxation, and Luxation | 617 | ||
| Case Report 1 | 617 | ||
| Case Report 2 | 618 | ||
| Case Report 3 | 618 | ||
| Avulsion and Replantation | 619 | ||
| Avulsion and Replantation | 620 | ||
| Fractures of the Alveolar Process | 621 | ||
| Oblique Fracture of the Alveolar Process | 622 | ||
| Alveolar Bone and Ridge Loss | 622 | ||
| Alveolar Bone or Ridge Loss | 623 | ||
| Mandibular and Maxillary Fractures | 624 | ||
| Conclusion | 624 | ||
| References | 624 | ||
| Journals | 624 | ||
| 16 Occlusal Aspects in Restorative Dentistry | 625 | ||
| Overview | 626 | ||
| Anatomic Aspect | 626 | ||
| Functional Aspect | 626 | ||
| Anatomic aspects | 627 | ||
| Occlusal Relationships | 627 | ||
| Maximum Intercuspal Position | 627 | ||
| Centric Relation | 628 | ||
| Rest Position | 628 | ||
| Long Centric Position | 628 | ||
| Mandibular Movements | 629 | ||
| Functional aspects | 631 | ||
| Canine Guidance | 631 | ||
| Incisal Guidance | 631 | ||
| Clinical aspects | 632 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 633 | ||
| Symptoms Associated with Occlusal Trauma | 633 | ||
| Wear Facets | 633 | ||
| Cracked Tooth Syndrome | 633 | ||
| Practical Advice for Diagnostic Evaluation | 634 | ||
| Cervical Lesions | 635 | ||
| Treatment Plan | 635 | ||
| Antagonist Tooth | 635 | ||
| Practical Advice on the Treatment Plan | 636 | ||
| Completion of Restorations | 637 | ||
| Before Performing a Restoration | 637 | ||
| Practical Advice before Performing a Restoration | 638 | ||
| Choice of Material | 639 | ||
| Practical Advice on the Choice of Restoration | 639 | ||
| Occlusal Shaping of Restorations | 640 | ||
| Practical Advice on the Occlusal Shaping of Restorations | 640 | ||
| Wear Facets on the Canine | 641 | ||
| Occlusal Check of Restorations and Therapeutic Phase | 642 | ||
| Practical Advice on Occlusal Checks of Restorations | 642 | ||
| Managing Recalls | 644 | ||
| References | 644 | ||
| Index | 645 | ||
| A | 645 | ||
| B | 647 | ||
| C | 647 | ||
| D | 651 | ||
| E | 652 | ||
| F | 653 | ||
| G | 654 | ||
| H | 655 | ||
| I | 655 | ||
| J | 656 | ||
| K | 656 | ||
| L | 656 | ||
| M | 657 | ||
| N | 659 | ||
| O | 659 | ||
| P | 660 | ||
| Q | 662 | ||
| R | 662 | ||
| S | 664 | ||
| T | 665 | ||
| U | 667 | ||
| V | 668 | ||
| W | 668 | ||
| X | 668 | ||
| Y | 668 | ||
| Z | 668 | ||
| Inside covers | BM2 |