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Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office - E-Book

Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office - E-Book

Stanley F. Malamed

(2007)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This full-color text prepares dental professionals to promptly and proactively recognize and manage medical emergencies that may occur in the dental office. It details how to anticipate potential emergencies and what resources must be on hand to deal effectively with these situations. The book is arranged in eight sections concentrating on topics such as prevention of emergencies through patient evaluation (medical history) and specific types of more common emergencies that practitioners may encounter.

  • Algorithms located in the appendices provide step-by-step diagrams showing the decision-making process in each of several common emergency situations.
  • PABCD boxes throughout text remind the reader of American Heart Association guidelines on Positioning, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and Definitive management and explain the relevance of these guidelines to the topic being discussed.
  • Chapters are organized into sections based upon types of common emergency situations.
  • Chapter on Preparation includes an updated emergency drug and equipment kit to reflect materials that are safe and currently available on the market.
  • Full-color drawings and updated photographs add realism to situations and equipment.
  • Information on AEDs (Automated Electronic Defibrillators) explains why these should be mandatory in every dental practice and describes how to use these devices properly.
  • A Pediatric Considerations chapter covers pediatric CPR and guidelines for basic life support.
  • A Medicolegal Considerations chapter discusses topics such as theories of liability, definitions of emergencies and standards, and limitations and requirements of the doctor-patient relationship.
  • An Evolve® website contains the Instructor's Resource Manual, an electronic image collection, and an ExamView® test bank.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office i
Copyright Page ii
Table of Contents vii
Dedication iii
Foreword iv
Preface v
PART 1: PREVENTION 1
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 3
MORBIDITY 4
DEATH 7
RISK FACTORS 9
CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE-THREATENING SITUATIONS 12
OUTLINE OF SPECIFIC EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 13
REFERENCES 14
CHAPTER 2. Prevention 15
EVALUATION GOALS 16
PHYSICAL EVALUATION 16
ANXIETY RECOGNITION 48
REFERENCES 57
CHAPTER 3. Preparation 59
GENERAL INFORMATION 60
EMERGENCY DRUG KITS 67
MODULE TWO: SECONDARY (NONCRITICAL) EMERGENCY DRUGS AND EQUIPMENT 81
MODULE THREE: ACLS 90
MODULE FOUR: ANTIDOTAL DRUGS 93
ORGANIZATION OF THE EMERGENCY KIT 96
REFERENCES 98
APPENDIX: PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS 101
REFERENCES 104
CHAPTER 4. Legal Considerations 105
MODERN LIABILITY INSURANCE CRISES 106
THEORIES OF LIABILITY 106
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 110
LIMITING LIABILITY FOR EMERGENCIES 113
REFERENCES 116
PART 2: UNCONSCIOUSNESS 117
CHAPTER 5. Unconsciousness 119
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 120
PREVENTION 121
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 122
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 122
MANAGEMENT 124
REFERENCES 135
CHAPTER 6. Vasodepressor Syncope 137
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 138
PREVENTION 139
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 140
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 141
MANAGEMENT 142
REFERENCES 145
CHAPTER 7. Postural Hypotension 147
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 148
PREVENTION 150
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 151
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 151
MANAGEMENT 153
REFERENCES 154
CHAPTER 8. Acute Adrenal Insufficiency 155
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 156
PREVENTION 158
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 161
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 161
MANAGEMENT 165
REFERENCES 168
CHAPTER 9. Unconsciousness: Differential Diagnosis 171
AGE OF PATIENT 172
CIRCUMSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS 172
POSITION OF THE PATIENT 172
PRESYNCOPAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 173
PART 3: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 177
CHAPTER 10. Respiratory Distress: General Considerations 179
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 180
PREVENTION 180
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 181
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 181
MANAGEMENT 181
REFERENCES 183
CHAPTER 11. Foreign Body Airway Obstruction 185
PREVENTION 186
MANAGEMENT 190
REFERENCES 205
CHAPTER 12. Hyperventilation 209
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 210
PREVENTION 210
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 210
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 211
MANAGEMENT 212
REFERENCES 214
CHAPTER 13. Asthma 215
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 216
PREVENTION 217
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 221
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 222
MANAGEMENT 225
REFERENCES 229
CHAPTER 14. Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema 233
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 235
PREVENTION 235
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 240
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 243
MANAGEMENT 246
REFERENCES 248
CHAPTER 15. Respiratory Distress: Differential Diagnosis 251
MEDICAL HISTORY 252
AGE 252
SEX 252
RELATED CIRCUMSTANCES 252
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS BETWEEN ACUTE EPISODES 252
POSITION 252
ACCOMPANYING SOUNDS 252
SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 252
PERIPHERAL EDEMA AND CYANOSIS 253
PARESTHESIA OF THE EXTREMITIES 253
USE OF ACCESSORY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES 253
CHEST PAIN 253
HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE 253
DURATION OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 253
PART 4: ALTERED CONSCIOUSNESS 255
CHAPTER 16. Altered Consciousness: General Considerations 257
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 258
PREVENTION 259
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 259
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 259
MANAGEMENT 259
REFERENCES 260
CHAPTER 17. Diabetes Mellitus: Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia 261
ACUTE COMPLICATIONS 263
CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS 263
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 264
CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES 265
HYPERGLYCEMIA 268
HYPOGLYCEMIA 268
CONTROL OF DIABETES 268
PREVENTION 273
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 276
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 277
MANAGEMENT 280
REFERENCES 284
CHAPTER 18. Thyroid Gland Dysfunction 287
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 288
PREVENTION 289
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 292
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 295
MANAGEMENT 295
REFERENCES 297
CHAPTER 19. Cerebrovascular Accident 299
CLASSIFICATION 300
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 303
PREVENTION 304
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 307
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 309
MANAGEMENT 310
REFERENCES 313
CHAPTER 20. Altered Consciousness: Differential Diagnosis 317
MEDICAL HISTORY 318
AGE 318
SEX 318
RELATED CIRCUMSTANCES 318
ONSET OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 318
PRESENCE OF SYMPTOMS BETWEEN ACUTE EPISODES 318
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS 318
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 319
VITAL SIGNS 319
SUMMARY 319
PART 5: SEIZURES 321
CHAPTER 21. Seizures 323
TYPES OF SEIZURE DISORDERS 324
CAUSES 326
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 328
PREVENTION 329
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 332
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 334
MANAGEMENT 335
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 341
REFERENCES 342
PART 6: DRUG-RELATED EMERGENCIES 345
CHAPTER 22. Drug-Related Emergencies: General Considerations 347
PREVENTION 348
CLASSIFICATION 350
DRUG-RELATED EMERGENCIES 352
REFERENCES 357
CHAPTER 23. Drug Overdose Reactions 359
LOCAL ANESTHETIC OVERDOSE REACTION 360
EPINEPHRINE (VASOCONSTRICTOR) OVERDOSE REACTION 381
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANT OVERDOSE REACTIONS 385
SUMMARY 391
REFERENCES 393
CHAPTER 24. Allergy 397
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 399
PREVENTION 402
MANAGEMENT 406
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 408
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 411
MANAGEMENT 416
REFERENCES 425
CHAPTER 25. Drug-Related Emergencies: Differential Diagnosis 429
MEDICAL HISTORY 430
AGE 430
SEX 430
POSITION 430
ONSET OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 430
PRIOR EXPOSURE TO DRUG 430
DOSE OF DRUG ADMINISTERED 431
OVERALL INCIDENCE OF OCCURRENCE 431
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 431
VITAL SIGNS 432
SUMMARY 432
REFERENCES 434
PART 7: CHEST PAIN 435
CHAPTER 26. Chest Pain: General Considerations 437
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 438
PREVENTION 443
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 444
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 445
MANAGEMENT 447
REFERENCES 447
CHAPTER 27. Angina Pectoris 451
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 452
PREVENTION 453
DENTAL THERAPY CONSIDERATIONS 457
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 460
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 461
MANAGEMENT 462
REFERENCES 464
CHAPTER 28. Acute Myocardial Infarction 467
PREDISPOSING FACTORS 468
PREVENTION 470
DENTAL THERAPY CONSIDERATIONS 472
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 474
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 475
MANAGEMENT 476
REFERENCES 482
CHAPTER 29. Chest Pain: Differential Diagnosis 487
NONCARDIAC CHEST PAIN 488
CARDIAC CHEST PAIN 488
SUMMARY 490
REFERENCES 490
PART 8: CARDIAC ARREST 491
CHAPTER 30. Cardiac Arrest 493
SURVIVAL FROM SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST 494
THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL 496
THE DENTAL OFFICE 497
CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST 498
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (CPR) 499
REFERENCES 510
CHAPTER 31. PEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS 515
PREPARATION 516
BASIC MANAGEMENT 518
SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES 520
REFERENCES 529
APPENDIX: QUICK-REFERENCE SECTION TO LIFE-THREATENING SITUATIONS 531
INDEX 545