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Book Details
Abstract
Now updated in its 2nd edition, the first research-based book on this topic examines the direct link between joint dysfunction, the theories of its effects, and the clinical syndromes seen in practice. Scientific evidence is presented for indications and contraindications of subluxation, along with term definitions, basic science and anatomy, subluxation causes, radiographic evidence, manipulable and nonmanipulable subluxation, a theoretical model, and subluxation syndromes.
- Integration of theory and clinical research establishes a necessary foundation for both students and clinicians
- Many of the most respected names in the chiropractic have contributed chapters to this book and present the common ground of chiropractic in a logical and understandable way
- Over 200 high-quality illustrations bring important concepts to life
- Key words and questions related to the objectives are stated at the beginning of each chapter notifying the reader what he should learn from the material
- Updated coverage includes strengthened kinesiology information, new studies on the headache, new whiplash material, the Chiropractic Paradigm, and the latest research from the field
- An appendix on spinal subluxation and visceral disorders has been added
- The latest basic science material incorporated into part one, including an excellent animal model study
- An appendix on spinal subluxation and visceral disorders has been added
- The latest basic science material incorporated into part one, including an excellent animal model study
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Foundations of Chiropractic: Subluxation | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | xvii | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Foreword | ix | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xv | ||
| Part ONE: Subluxation The Articular Lesion | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1. What’s in a Word? | 5 | ||
| Defining Subluxation | 8 | ||
| Manipulable and Nonmanipulable Subluxations | 9 | ||
| Why Different Definitions of Subluxation? | 10 | ||
| The Functional Unit of the Spine | 11 | ||
| Defining Chiropractic Treatment Methods | 11 | ||
| Issues of Chiropractic Terminology | 12 | ||
| Issues Surrounding the Use of the Word Subluxation | 13 | ||
| Conclusion | 16 | ||
| References | 17 | ||
| Chapter 2. Chiropractic Paradigms | 19 | ||
| Paradigm Defined | 20 | ||
| Two Chiropractic Paradigms | 20 | ||
| Conclusion | 29 | ||
| References | 29 | ||
| Chapter 3. Anatomy Related to Spinal Subluxation | 30 | ||
| The Zygapophyseal Joints | 31 | ||
| The Intervertebral Disc | 34 | ||
| The Intervertebral Foramen | 37 | ||
| Pain (Nociception) of Spinal Origin | 39 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 45 | ||
| References | 45 | ||
| Chater 4. Animal Models in the Study of Subluxation and Manipulation: 1964-2004 | 47 | ||
| “Ownership” of the Subluxation | 49 | ||
| Characteristics of Animal Models | 51 | ||
| Review of Subluxation Research | 55 | ||
| Where Do We Go from Here? | 98 | ||
| References | 99 | ||
| Chapter 5. Palpatory Diagnosis of Subluxation | 104 | ||
| History of Palpation in Chiropractic | 105 | ||
| Palpatory Indicators for Manipulation | 106 | ||
| Test Reliability | 107 | ||
| Reliability of Chiropractic Spinal Palpatory Procedures | 108 | ||
| Improving the Reliability of Palpation | 110 | ||
| References | 112 | ||
| Chapter 6. The Role of Radiography in Evaluating Subluxation | 115 | ||
| Static Radiography and Spinographic Analysis | 117 | ||
| Functional Radiography and Spinal Dysfunction | 125 | ||
| Conclusion | 128 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 128 | ||
| References | 131 | ||
| Chapter 7. Chiropractic Technique | 133 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 134 | ||
| Terminology | 135 | ||
| Joint Assessment Procedures | 142 | ||
| Characteristics of the Adjustive Thrust | 144 | ||
| Adjustive Mechanics | 147 | ||
| Other Forms of Manual Therapy | 151 | ||
| Soft Tissue and Reflex Techniques | 152 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Dysfunction and Visceral Disease | 156 | ||
| Specific Soft Tissue and Reflex Technique Procedures | 157 | ||
| Conclusions | 163 | ||
| References | 164 | ||
| Chapter 8. The Nonmanipulable Subluxation | 168 | ||
| Definitions of Instability and Hypermobility of the Cervical Spine | 169 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations of Hypermobility and Instability in the Cervical Spine | 169 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation of Hypermobility and Instability in the Cervical Spine | 170 | ||
| Causes of Cervical Spine Hypermobility and Instability | 172 | ||
| Chiropractic Management of Hypermobile and Unstable Cervical Segments | 179 | ||
| Hypermobility and Instability in the Lumbar Spine | 180 | ||
| Hypermobility and Instability of the Thoracic spine | 189 | ||
| Conclusion | 189 | ||
| References | 189 | ||
| Part TWO: The Subluxation Complex | 191 | ||
| Chapter 9. The Vertebral Subluxation Complex | 195 | ||
| Subluxation Complex History and Development | 196 | ||
| Subluxation Complex: A Term of Convention | 199 | ||
| The Subluxation Complex Is Not Synonymous with Back Pain | 201 | ||
| Who Suffers with the Subluxation Complex? | 202 | ||
| Bone-out-of-Place Subluxation versus Mechanical Low Back Pain | 204 | ||
| The Subluxation Complex as a Pathological Process | 205 | ||
| The Relationship between the Subluxation Complex and the Nervous System | 208 | ||
| Innervation of Joints, Muscles, Ligaments, and Discs | 208 | ||
| Group IV Afferents and Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers in Relation to the Subluxation Complex | 213 | ||
| The Subluxation Complex and Symptom Generation | 216 | ||
| Conclusion | 221 | ||
| References | 222 | ||
| Chapter 10. Theoretic Models of Subluxation | 227 | ||
| Conceptual Models and Controversy | 229 | ||
| Clinical Rationale Provides Logical Method for Model Classification | 231 | ||
| Models of Chiropractic Subluxation | 232 | ||
| Conclusions | 239 | ||
| References | 240 | ||
| Chapter 11. Kinesiology: An Essential Approach toward Understanding the Chiropractic Subluxation | 245 | ||
| Characteristics of Normal Motion | 246 | ||
| Analysis of Motion | 251 | ||
| Normal Intersegmental Motion by Spinal Region | 254 | ||
| Abnormal Joint Motion | 266 | ||
| Mechanistic Model of Intervertebral Joint Restriction | 268 | ||
| Assessment of Abnormal Motion | 271 | ||
| Effects of the Chiropractic Adjustment: The Kinesiology of the Manipulable Subluxation | 273 | ||
| Kinesiopathology of Spinal Joint Degeneration | 274 | ||
| Pathologic Effects of Joint Immobilization | 276 | ||
| Conclusion | 276 | ||
| References | 276 | ||
| Chapter 12. Buckling: A Biomedical Model of Subluxation | 283 | ||
| Inconsistencies of Chiropractic Theory | 284 | ||
| Structural Stability and Motion Segment Buckling | 290 | ||
| Summary | 294 | ||
| References | 294 | ||
| Chapter 13. Three Neurophysiologic Theories on the Chiropractic Subluxation | 296 | ||
| Intervertebral Encroachment Theory | 297 | ||
| Altered Somatic Afferent Input Theory | 300 | ||
| Dentate Ligament, Cord Distortion Theory | 302 | ||
| References | 303 | ||
| Chapter 14. Vertebral Subluxation and the Anatomic Relationships of the Autonomic Nervous System | 305 | ||
| Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System | 307 | ||
| Peripheral Components of the Autonomic Nervous System | 309 | ||
| Central Processing in the Control of Autonomic Function | 331 | ||
| Autonomics in Chiropractic | 334 | ||
| References | 335 | ||
| Chapter 15. Review of the Systemic Effects of Spinal Manipulation | 337 | ||
| Methods | 339 | ||
| Results and Discussion | 340 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 347 | ||
| References | 347 | ||
| Chapter 16. Spinal Cord Mechanisms of Referred Pain and Related Neuroplasticity | 349 | ||
| Clinical Phenomenology of Pain Originating from the Lumbar Spine | 351 | ||
| Explanatory Hypotheses | 351 | ||
| Neurophysiologic Evidence for Central Convergence-Projection | 354 | ||
| The Contribution of Central Neuronal Plasticity to Referred Pain | 358 | ||
| Sympathetic Nervous System Involvement in Low Back Pain | 359 | ||
| Neurophysiology of Paraspinal Antinociceptive Systems | 360 | ||
| Recapitulation and Conclusions | 369 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 369 | ||
| References | 369 | ||
| Part THREE: The Subluxation Syndromes | 371 | ||
| Chapter 17. Cervicogenic Headache | 376 | ||
| Mechanisms of Pain in Cervicogenic Headache | 378 | ||
| Implications for Headache of Cervical Origin | 380 | ||
| Cervicogenic Dysfunction in Headache | 382 | ||
| Issues Surrounding the Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache by Chiropractors | 391 | ||
| Conclusion | 391 | ||
| Summary | 392 | ||
| References | 393 | ||
| Chapter 18. Cervicogenic Sympathetic Syndromes | 397 | ||
| Anatomy | 398 | ||
| Biomechanics | 401 | ||
| Trauma to the Cervical Spine | 403 | ||
| Horner’s Syndrome | 409 | ||
| Meniere’s Disease | 409 | ||
| Barré-Liéou Syndrome | 409 | ||
| Cervicogenic Vertigo | 410 | ||
| Conclusion | 413 | ||
| References | 413 | ||
| Chapter 19. The Cerebral Dysfunction Syndrome | 417 | ||
| Brain Hibernation | 418 | ||
| Diaschisis | 420 | ||
| Examples of Brain Hibernation | 420 | ||
| Brain Hibernation and Spinal Manipulation | 422 | ||
| Testing the Theory | 425 | ||
| Conclusion | 426 | ||
| References | 426 | ||
| Chapter 20. Whiplash | 429 | ||
| Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Cervical Spine | 430 | ||
| Stability of the Cervical Spine and Whiplash injury | 431 | ||
| Management of Whiplash Injuries | 441 | ||
| Conclusion | 445 | ||
| References | 445 | ||
| Chapter 21. Cervicogenic Dorsalgia | 448 | ||
| History and Examination | 449 | ||
| Etiological Mechanism | 450 | ||
| Pain Referral Patterns | 450 | ||
| Treatment | 455 | ||
| Conclusion | 455 | ||
| References | 455 | ||
| Chapter 22. The Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: First Rib Subluxation Syndrome | 457 | ||
| Anatomic Features | 458 | ||
| Biomechanical Considerations | 461 | ||
| Clinical Features | 463 | ||
| Diagnosis | 466 | ||
| Management | 469 | ||
| Conclusion | 472 | ||
| References | 472 | ||
| Chapter 23. Thoracic and Costovertebral Subluxation Syndromes | 475 | ||
| Clinically Relevant Anatomy | 476 | ||
| Biomechanics of the Thoracic Spine | 481 | ||
| Kinematics of the Thoracic Spine | 485 | ||
| Biomechanics of the Rib Cage | 487 | ||
| Accessory Muscles of Respiration and the Biomechanical Effects | 489 | ||
| Biomechanical Diagnosis of Thoracic Spine and Ribs | 489 | ||
| Classi.cation of Pain in the Thoracic Spine | 490 | ||
| Medical Model of Pain: Emphasis on Pathologic Factors | 490 | ||
| Chiropractic Model of Pain | 492 | ||
| Sources of Pain in the Thoracic Spine | 492 | ||
| Dynamic Palpation of the Thoracic Spine | 494 | ||
| Conclusion | 505 | ||
| References | 505 | ||
| Chapter 24. Facet Subluxation Syndrome | 509 | ||
| Facet Syndrome Defined | 510 | ||
| Facet Clinical Anatomy and Function | 510 | ||
| Facet versus Disc Degenerative Joint Disease | 515 | ||
| Facet Joint as a Source of Pain | 515 | ||
| Clinical Features of the Facet Syndrome | 517 | ||
| Treatment of Facet Syndrome | 519 | ||
| Predisposing Factors and Therapeutic Exercise | 520 | ||
| Conclusion | 520 | ||
| References | 520 | ||
| Chapter 25. Intervertebral Disc Syndrome | 522 | ||
| Historical Background | 523 | ||
| Anatomy of the Intervertebral Disc | 523 | ||
| The Disc and Spinal Motion | 524 | ||
| Chiropractic Management of Disc Herniation | 530 | ||
| Conclusion | 532 | ||
| References | 533 | ||
| Chapter 26. Sacroiliac Subluxation Syndrome | 535 | ||
| Sacroiliac Joint Motion | 536 | ||
| Sacroiliac Subluxation | 537 | ||
| Tests for Sacroiliac Dysfunction | 538 | ||
| Mechanics of Sacroiliac Subluxation and Dysfunction | 544 | ||
| Treatment of Sacroiliac Subluxation Syndrome | 547 | ||
| References | 548 | ||
| Chapter 27. Coccygeal Subluxation Syndrome | 550 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | 551 | ||
| Diagnosis | 553 | ||
| Treatment | 554 | ||
| References | 556 | ||
| Appendix A: Subluxation Syndromes | 557 | ||
| Appendix B: Spinal Subluxation and Visceral Disorders | 563 | ||
| Glossary | 567 | ||
| Index | 571 |