BOOK
Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Beyond Obstructive Sleep Apnea, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Carolyn D'Ambrosio has put together an expert panel of authors covering topics such as: Sleep and Respiratory Physiology in Adults, Sleep and Respiratory Physiology in Children, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, Restrictive Lung Disease, Lung Transplantation, Pulmonary Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure, Neurologic Conditions, Central Congential Hypoventilation Syndrome, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing:Beyond ObstructiveSleep Apnea | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| CME Accreditation Page | ix | ||
| Clinics in Chest Medicine | xi | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Sleep and Breathing | 451 | ||
| Key points | 451 | ||
| Introduction | 451 | ||
| Neural control of breathing during sleep | 451 | ||
| Respiratory physiology during sleep | 452 | ||
| Hypoxia | 452 | ||
| Hypercapnia | 452 | ||
| Airway resistance | 452 | ||
| Regularity of Breathing During Sleep | 452 | ||
| Respiratory Muscle Function During Sleep | 452 | ||
| Clinical implications | 453 | ||
| OSA | 453 | ||
| Central sleep apnea | 453 | ||
| Obstructive lung disease | 453 | ||
| Restrictive lung disease | 454 | ||
| Summary | 454 | ||
| References | 454 | ||
| Sleep and Respiratory Physiology in Children | 457 | ||
| Key points | 457 | ||
| Introduction | 457 | ||
| Overview of normal respiration during sleep | 457 | ||
| Developmental changes in respiratory controllers | 458 | ||
| Ventilation, respiratory patterns, and apneas | 458 | ||
| Respiratory Frequency | 458 | ||
| Tidal Volume and Minute Ventilation | 460 | ||
| Apnea Type, Duration, and Frequency | 460 | ||
| Apnea in full-term infants | 460 | ||
| Apnea in preterm infants | 461 | ||
| Periodic breathing | 461 | ||
| Cardiorespiratory events in infancy | 461 | ||
| Respiratory events during sleep beyond the first year of life | 462 | ||
| Gas exchange | 462 | ||
| Oxygen | 462 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | 464 | ||
| Summary | 465 | ||
| References | 465 | ||
| Sleep and Respiratory Physiology in Adults | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| Basic respiratory neurobiology | 469 | ||
| Respiratory Anatomy and Neuromotor Control | 469 | ||
| Effects of Sleep on Central Neural and Neuromotor Control | 471 | ||
| Control of ventilation | 472 | ||
| Ventilatory Control Stability (Respiratory Loop Gain Concept) | 472 | ||
| Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Ventilatory Responses | 474 | ||
| HCVR | 475 | ||
| HOVR | 475 | ||
| Apnea Threshold/CO2 Reserve and Changes with Sleep Onset | 475 | ||
| Arousal Responses and Ventilation | 475 | ||
| Sleep effects on upper and lower airway physiology | 476 | ||
| Upper Airway Anatomy and Physiology | 476 | ||
| The upper airway and sleep | 477 | ||
| Lower Airway Anatomy and Physiology | 477 | ||
| Effects of Sleep on Lower Airway Physiology and Gas Exchange | 478 | ||
| Airway resistance | 478 | ||
| Lung volume | 478 | ||
| Minute ventilation | 478 | ||
| Respiratory timing | 478 | ||
| Summary | 478 | ||
| References | 479 | ||
| Sleep in Asthma | 483 | ||
| Key points | 483 | ||
| Epidemiology | 483 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 483 | ||
| Flow Rates and Airway Resistance | 483 | ||
| Bronchial Hyper-responsiveness | 484 | ||
| Parasympathetic System | 484 | ||
| Hormonal changes | 485 | ||
| Inflammatory changes | 485 | ||
| Lung Volume Changes During Sleep | 486 | ||
| Summary | 487 | ||
| Arousal and ventilatory responses | 487 | ||
| Sleep architecture | 488 | ||
| Other precipitating factors of nocturnal asthma | 488 | ||
| Body and Airway Temperature | 488 | ||
| Mucociliary Transport and Airway Secretions | 489 | ||
| Allergen Exposure | 489 | ||
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 489 | ||
| Sleep Apnea | 489 | ||
| Management | 490 | ||
| Prevention | 490 | ||
| Treatment | 490 | ||
| Long-acting β-agonist bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids | 490 | ||
| Theophyllines | 490 | ||
| Anticholinergic medications | 490 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 490 | ||
| References | 490 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep | 495 | ||
| Key points | 495 | ||
| Introduction | 495 | ||
| Subjective sleep disturbances | 495 | ||
| Objective sleep quality | 496 | ||
| Hypoxemia during sleep | 497 | ||
| Hypercapnia during sleep | 498 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 499 | ||
| Supplemental oxygen | 499 | ||
| Noninvasive ventilation | 500 | ||
| Summary | 502 | ||
| References | 502 | ||
| Sleep in Patients with Restrictive Lung Disease | 505 | ||
| Key points | 505 | ||
| Interstitial lung disease | 505 | ||
| Respiratory Physiology During Sleep | 505 | ||
| Sleep Architecture/Disturbances | 506 | ||
| Comorbid Sleep Disorders | 507 | ||
| Summary | 507 | ||
| Musculoskeletal thoracic disease | 507 | ||
| Neuromuscular disease | 508 | ||
| Myotonic Dystrophy | 509 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 509 | ||
| Obesity hypoventilation | 510 | ||
| Summary | 511 | ||
| References | 511 | ||
| Physiology of Sleep and Breathing Before and After Lung Transplantation | 513 | ||
| Key points | 513 | ||
| Introduction | 513 | ||
| Sleep Disordered Breathing in LTX | 513 | ||
| Disturbed respiratory physiology during sleep and SDB before LTX | 513 | ||
| Patients with Cystic Fibrosis | 514 | ||
| Patients on waiting list for LTX | 514 | ||
| Respiratory physiologic changes after transplantation | 515 | ||
| Quality of life/quality of sleep after LTX | 515 | ||
| SDB and severe heart diseases before and after heart transplantation | 515 | ||
| SDB after LTX | 515 | ||
| What Are the Changes Before and After LTX in Terms of SDB? | 516 | ||
| Comorbidities correlated with SDB after LTX | 516 | ||
| SDB and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After LTX | 516 | ||
| SDB and Increased Weight After LTX | 517 | ||
| SDB and Immunosuppressive Drugs | 517 | ||
| SDB and Type of Surgical Cut | 518 | ||
| Summary | 518 | ||
| References | 518 | ||
| Sleep and Breathing in Congestive Heart Failure | 521 | ||
| Key points | 521 | ||
| Introduction | 521 | ||
| Sleep characteristics in HF without SA | 521 | ||
| Diagnosis of SA | 522 | ||
| SA in the setting of HF | 522 | ||
| Epidemiology and Mortality of CSA in HF | 522 | ||
| CSA and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in HF | 522 | ||
| Epidemiology of OSA in HF | 523 | ||
| Mortality in Patients with Coexisting OSA and HF | 523 | ||
| The HF and SA positive feedback loop | 524 | ||
| How HF Can Cause and Worsen SA | 524 | ||
| How OSA Can Cause and Worsen HF | 525 | ||
| Hemodynamic effects of OSA | 525 | ||
| Sympathetic nervous system activation | 525 | ||
| Generation of reactive oxygen species | 526 | ||
| Electrophysiologic abnormalities | 526 | ||
| Treatment of SA in the setting of HF | 526 | ||
| Conservative Therapies | 527 | ||
| Diuresis | 527 | ||
| Exercise | 527 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy | 527 | ||
| Heart Transplant | 527 | ||
| Medications | 528 | ||
| Oxygen | 528 | ||
| Other Therapies for OSA | 528 | ||
| CPAP for the treatment of SA in HF | 529 | ||
| CPAP in OSA and HF (OSA/HF) | 529 | ||
| CPAP in CSA and HF (CSA/HF) | 529 | ||
| Other NIPPV options for the treatment of CSA in HF | 529 | ||
| Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure in CSA and HF (CSA/HF) | 529 | ||
| Adaptive Servo-Ventilation in CSA and HF (CSA/HF) | 530 | ||
| References | 530 | ||
| Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome | 535 | ||
| Key points | 535 | ||
| Introduction | 535 | ||
| PHOX2B Gene Mutations | 536 | ||
| Genotype–Phenotype Correlations | 537 | ||
| Ventilatory dependence | 537 | ||
| Hirschsprung disease and tumors of neural crest origin | 538 | ||
| ANSD | 538 | ||
| LO-CCHS | 538 | ||
| Evaluation and procedure | 539 | ||
| Diagnosis | 539 | ||
| Treatment | 540 | ||
| Hypoventilation | 540 | ||
| HSCR | 540 | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 540 | ||
| Neurocognitive function | 540 | ||
| Cardiac function | 541 | ||
| Cor pulmonale | 541 | ||
| Ophthalmology | 541 | ||
| Other | 541 | ||
| After care | 541 | ||
| Complications | 542 | ||
| Alcohol and Drug Abuse | 542 | ||
| Pregnancy | 543 | ||
| Summary | 543 | ||
| References | 544 | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Neurologic Conditions | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| Introduction | 547 | ||
| Neuromuscular diseases and breathing during sleep | 547 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 547 | ||
| Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome | 548 | ||
| Inherited Myopathies | 549 | ||
| Myotonic dystrophy | 549 | ||
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy | 549 | ||
| Neuropathies | 549 | ||
| Assessment of SDB in Neuromuscular Disease | 550 | ||
| Treatment of SDB in Neuromuscular Disease | 551 | ||
| Neurodegenerative disease | 551 | ||
| MSA | 551 | ||
| Stridor | 551 | ||
| CSA and OSA | 551 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease | 552 | ||
| MS | 552 | ||
| Other neurologic conditions | 552 | ||
| Stroke | 552 | ||
| Epilepsy | 553 | ||
| SDB of Other Neurologic Causes | 554 | ||
| Acquired central alveolar hypoventilation | 554 | ||
| Summary | 554 | ||
| References | 554 | ||
| Medication Effects on Sleep and Breathing | 557 | ||
| Key points | 557 | ||
| Introduction | 557 | ||
| Sedative hypnotic agents | 558 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 558 | ||
| Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics | 558 | ||
| Melatonin Agonist | 559 | ||
| Narcotics | 559 | ||
| Antihistamines | 560 | ||
| Gabapentin and pregabalin | 560 | ||
| Sodium oxybate | 560 | ||
| Stimulants | 561 | ||
| Psychiatric medications | 561 | ||
| Antidepressants | 561 | ||
| Atypical Antipsychotics | 561 | ||
| Respiratory agents | 562 | ||
| Nasal Steroids | 562 | ||
| Acetazolamide | 562 | ||
| Theophylline | 562 | ||
| Oxygen Therapy | 562 | ||
| Hormonal therapy | 563 | ||
| Estrogen and Progesterone | 563 | ||
| Testosterone | 563 | ||
| Thyroid Hormone | 564 | ||
| Somatostatin | 564 | ||
| Melatonin | 564 | ||
| Substances | 564 | ||
| Nicotine | 564 | ||
| Alcohol | 564 | ||
| Emerging drugs | 564 | ||
| Summary | 565 | ||
| References | 565 | ||
| Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy | 571 | ||
| Key points | 571 | ||
| Sleep-disordered breathing | 572 | ||
| Restless legs syndrome | 572 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 573 | ||
| Management | 573 | ||
| Insomnia | 576 | ||
| Sleep Deficiency and Pregnancy Outcomes | 576 | ||
| Treatment | 577 | ||
| Narcolepsy | 577 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 577 | ||
| Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes | 579 | ||
| Treatment | 579 | ||
| Circadian rhythm disturbances | 581 | ||
| Summary | 582 | ||
| References | 582 | ||
| Environmental Factors That Can Affect Sleep and Breathing | 589 | ||
| Key points | 589 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations | 589 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 591 | ||
| Evaluation of allergic rhinitis and nasal obstruction | 593 | ||
| Evidence for medical therapy | 594 | ||
| Surgical therapy for nasal obstruction | 597 | ||
| Summary | 598 | ||
| References | 598 | ||
| Index | 603 |