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Clinical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics, E-Book

Clinical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics, E-Book

Pier Luigi Filosso

(2014)

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Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics is devoted to "Clinical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung" and is edited by Dr. Pier Luigi Filosso. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Pathology of neuroendocrine tumors, Clinical and radiological presentation of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, Neuroendocrine tumors and endocrine syndromes, The significance of histology: typical and atypical bronchial carcinoids, Surgical management of well-differentiated lung neuroendocrine tumors, Surgical management of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC) of the lung, The role of surgery in small cell carcinoma, Management of thymic neuroendocrine tumors, Medical treatment of advanced thoracic neuroendocrine tumors, Radiometabolic treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors, Biological and clinical prognostic factors in thoracic neuroendocrine tumors, and more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Clinical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors\rof the Lung i
Copyright ii
Contributors iii
Contents v
Thoracic Surgery Clinics viii
Preface ix
A Historical Appreciation of Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasia 235
Key points 235
From Gnosis to Sunesis 235
Early observations on lung tumors 236
Diagnosis of lung neuroendocrine tumors 237
Radiology 237
Bronchoscopy 238
Histopathology 238
Bronchial adenomas 242
Carcinoid tumors and the diffuse neuroendocrine system 243
Early recognition of a neuroendocrine cell genesis 245
The APUD concept and bronchial carcinoids 245
The role of immunohistochemistry in the delineation of bronchopulmonary NETs 246
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies 247
The continuum of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors 248
Peripheral carcinoids—a topographic concept 248
Bronchial carcinoids (typical) 249
Atypical bronchial carcinoid 249
Pulmonary neuroendocrine hyperplasia 249
Chemodectoma (paraganglioma) 250
Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma 250
Carcinoid, well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, intermediate neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small-cell neuroendocri ... 250
The classification conundrum 250
Summary 252
References 252
Pathology and Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors 257
Key points 257
Introduction: nature of the problem 257
Relevant anatomy and pathophysiology 257
Molecular Changes in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors 257
Diagnosis 259
Small Cell Carcinoma 259
Clinical features 259
Pathology 259
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma 261
Pathology 262
Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy 262
Large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology 262
Non–small cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation 263
Carcinoid Tumors 263
Pathologic features 263
Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy 263
Tumorlets and Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary NE Cell Hyperplasia 264
Summary 264
References 265
Clinical Presentation and Evaluation of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung 267
Key points 267
Introduction 267
Clinical presentation 267
Epidemiology 267
Symptoms 268
Endocrine Syndromes 268
Carcinoid tumors 268
SCLC or LCNEC 268
Radiographic presentation 268
Central Carcinoid Tumors 268
Peripheral Carcinoid Tumors 269
Metabolic Imaging for Carcinoid Tumors 269
SCLC 269
LCNEC 269
Clinical approach to patients 270
Central Carcinoid Tumors 270
Ectopic Cushing and Other Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Thoracic Neuroendocrine Tumors 277
Key points 277
Ectopic Cushing syndrome 278
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion 281
Ectopic acromegaly 281
Carcinoid syndrome 282
Hyperparthyroidism linked to ectopic parathormone and parathormone-related peptide production 282
References 282
Functional Imaging Evaluation in the Detection, Diagnosis, and Histologic Differentiation of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors 285
Key points 286
Introduction 286
Role of the 18F FDG–PET-CT scan 287
Role of 68Ga DOTA-peptides PET-CT scan 288
Dual-tracer PET evaluation using 68Ga DOTA-peptides and 18F FDG 289
Other Tracers in PC Evaluation 291
References 291
The Significance of Histology 293
Key points 293
Spanish multicenter experience 293
What is the nodal involvement impact in these tumors? 294
When is a conservative resection of parenchyma in carcinoid tumors worthwhile? 295
Tumor Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis Treatment and Prognosis 296
What Is the Real Frequency of Recurrence in Bronchial Carcinoids? Which Factors Influence Them? 296
How Should the Follow-Up Designed? 296
How to Treat Metastases? 297
Could We Consider as Useful the Design of New Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies in Carcinoid Pulmonary Tumors? 297
References 297
Bronchoplastic Procedures for Carcinoid Tumors 299
Key points 299
Surgical technique 300
Comment 301
References 302
Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung 305
Key points 305
Introduction 305
Clinical characteristics 305
Pathology 306
Survival 307
Treatment 308
Summary 309
References 309
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung 313
Key points 313
Introduction 313
Rationale for surgery 315
Suspicious Pulmonary Lesions 315
Improved Local Control 315
Mixed Small Cell and Non–Small Cell Histology 316
Salvage Operation for Initial Failure or Relapse 316
Synchronous Ipsilateral or Bilateral Small and Non–Small Cell Tumors 317
Second Primary Lung Cancer 317
Preoperative evaluation 317
Treatment modalities including surgery 318
Surgery Alone 318
Surgery with Adjuvant CTx 318
Induction CTx Followed by Surgery 319
Induction Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery 321
Summary 321
References 322
Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors 327
Key points 327
Epidemiology 327
Classification 327
Clinical features 327
Histologic Features 329
Gross features 330
Immunohistochemistry 330
Electron microscopy 330
Treatment and outcome 330
Management of Localized Disease 330
Management of Advanced/Metastatic Disease 330
References 331
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors 333
Key points 333
Introduction 333
Overview 334
Non-somatostatin-based therapies 335
Medical Therapy 335
Angiographic Liver-directed Techniques 336
Somatostatin analogue-related therapies 337
PRRT Background 337
PRRT Clinical Protocol 338
PRRT Technique 339
PRRT Efficacy 339
PRRT and Bronchopulmonary NETs 339
PRRT Safety Profile 343
Final considerations 345
References 346
Medical Treatment of Advanced Thoracic Neuroendocrine Tumors 351
Key points 351
Introduction 351
Control of associated neuroendocrine hypersecretions 352
Medical therapy for primary tumor in patients not candidates for surgery, in multicentric forms, and in patients with advan ... 352
SSA as antiproliferative agents 353
Target therapies 353
Chemotherapy 353
Summary 354
References 354
Index 357