BOOK
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
In only the last four years, there have been dramatic changes in the understanding of the immunology, genetic/epigenetic associations, and identification of new targets for therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The editors have enlisted a superb group of authors to present articles detailing cutting-edge advances in these areas.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword\r | vii | ||
| Preface: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\r | vii | ||
| Environmental Influences on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Expression\r | vii | ||
| Clinical Perspectives on Lupus Genetics: Advances and Opportunities\r | vii | ||
| Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the Course and Outcome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\r | vii | ||
| The Immunopathology of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus\r | viii | ||
| Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis in Lupus\r | viii | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Malignancies: A Review Article\r | viii | ||
| Post-marketing Experiences with Belimumab in the Treatment of SLE Patients\r | viii | ||
| Recent Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis\r | ix | ||
| The Kidney Biopsy in Lupus Nephritis: Is It Still Relevant?\r | ix | ||
| Improving Participation in Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies: Going Back to Basics\r | ix | ||
| RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\x0B | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| November 2014 | x | ||
| February 2015 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| May 2014 | x | ||
| February 2014 | x | ||
| November 2013 | x | ||
| Foreword | xi | ||
| Preface: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus \r | xiii | ||
| Environmental Influences on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Expression | 401 | ||
| Key points | 401 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 401 | ||
| INTERPLAY BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, GENETICS, AND EPIGENETICS | 402 | ||
| DIETARY INFLUENCES ON SLE | 403 | ||
| ESTABLISHED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR SLE | 403 | ||
| Silica Exposure and SLE | 404 | ||
| Cigarette Smoking and SLE | 404 | ||
| Smoking and the Role of Gene-Environment Interactions | 405 | ||
| EBV Exposure and SLE | 405 | ||
| INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D STATUS ON SLE | 405 | ||
| LESS ESTABLISHED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS | 406 | ||
| Metals and SLE | 406 | ||
| Pesticides, Persistent Organic Pollutants, and SLE | 406 | ||
| Other Environmental Agents and SLE | 407 | ||
| METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS IN STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES | 407 | ||
| Defining the SLE Exposome | 408 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY | 408 | ||
| REFERENCES | 409 | ||
| Clinical Perspectives on Lupus Genetics | 413 | ||
| Key points | 413 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 413 | ||
| Pathways Implicated by Lupus Genetics | 414 | ||
| Ubiquitination (nuclear factor kappa beta signaling) | 414 | ||
| DNA degradation (apoptosis/clearance of debris) | 414 | ||
| Innate immunity (Toll-like receptor pathways/interferon) | 414 | ||
| B-cell immunity (function/signaling) | 418 | ||
| T-cell immunity (function/signaling) | 418 | ||
| Neutrophil/monocyte immunity (function/signaling) | 418 | ||
| Lymphocyte development | 418 | ||
| Antigen presentation | 419 | ||
| Genetic Associations with Autoantibody Production | 419 | ||
| Association of Genes Within Select Lupus Clinical Subsets | 419 | ||
| Genetics of Nephritis and Renal Outcomes | 420 | ||
| ABIN1/TNIP1 | 420 | ||
| APOL1 | 421 | ||
| FcγRIIB | 421 | ||
| STAT4 | 421 | ||
| TNFSF4 | 421 | ||
| SLE Genetic Studies in Progress | 421 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 422 | ||
| Opportunities for Additional Clinically Important Genetic Studies | 422 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 424 | ||
| REFERENCES | 424 | ||
| Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the Course and Outcome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 433 | ||
| Key points | 433 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 433 | ||
| DISEASE EXPRESSION | 434 | ||
| DISEASE ACTIVITY | 435 | ||
| DAMAGE ACCRUAL | 438 | ||
| WORK DISABILITY | 439 | ||
| MORTALITY | 440 | ||
| INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY ON RESPONSE TO LUPUS THERAPY | 442 | ||
| MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN LN THERAPY IN MULTIETHNIC POPULATIONS | 442 | ||
| Induction Treatment | 442 | ||
| Maintenance Treatment | 444 | ||
| CELL-TARGETED BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES: B-CELL–TARGETED THERAPIES AND COSTIMULATION BLOCKER THERAPY | 445 | ||
| B-Cell–Targeted Therapies and Ethnicity | 445 | ||
| Costimulation Blocker Therapy (Abatacept) | 445 | ||
| ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES IN LN | 446 | ||
| SUMMARY | 447 | ||
| REFERENCES | 447 | ||
| The Immunopathology of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus | 455 | ||
| Key points | 455 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 455 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 455 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OVERVIEW | 456 | ||
| TRIGGERS | 456 | ||
| Genetics | 456 | ||
| UV Light | 457 | ||
| Infections | 457 | ||
| Drugs and Chemicals | 458 | ||
| Hormones | 458 | ||
| Apoptosis | 458 | ||
| Cytokines | 458 | ||
| IFNs | 458 | ||
| TNF-α | 459 | ||
| B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) or BAFF | 459 | ||
| IL-6 | 459 | ||
| IL-10 | 460 | ||
| IL-17 | 460 | ||
| Chemokines | 460 | ||
| ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 460 | ||
| T Cells | 460 | ||
| B Cells | 461 | ||
| Autoantibodies | 461 | ||
| Complement | 461 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 461 | ||
| DCs | 461 | ||
| Neutrophils | 461 | ||
| TLRs | 462 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS | 462 | ||
| Photoprotection | 462 | ||
| Topical Therapy | 462 | ||
| Antimalarial Therapy | 462 | ||
| Immunosupressive and Immunomodulatory Therapy | 463 | ||
| SUMMARY | 464 | ||
| REFERENCES | 466 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis in Lupus | 475 | ||
| Key points | 475 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF ATH | 476 | ||
| High-Density Lipoprotein Prevents Oxidation and Inflammation | 476 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH SLE AT RISK FOR CV EVENTS | 477 | ||
| Traditional and SLE-Specific Risk Factors for ATH in SLE | 477 | ||
| SLE-Specific Risk Factors | 477 | ||
| Disease activity, duration, and damage | 477 | ||
| POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ATH IN SLE | 478 | ||
| Antiphospholipid Antibodies | 478 | ||
| C-Reactive Protein | 478 | ||
| Proinflammatory HDL | 478 | ||
| Paraoxonase | 479 | ||
| Adipocytokines | 479 | ||
| Homocysteine | 479 | ||
| Biomarker Panels | 482 | ||
| SUBCLINICAL MEASURES OF ATH | 482 | ||
| MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION OF CV COMPLICATIONS IN SLE | 483 | ||
| Minimizing Framingham Risk Factors | 483 | ||
| Hypertension: Antihypertensives | 483 | ||
| Dyslipidemia: Statin Use | 484 | ||
| THE IMPACT OF MODULATORS OF LUPUS DISEASE ACTIVITY ON CVD | 485 | ||
| Antimalarial Therapy | 485 | ||
| Azathioprine | 485 | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 485 | ||
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | 485 | ||
| CONSIDERATION FOR FUTURE CLINICAL TRIALS | 486 | ||
| REFERENCES | 487 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Malignancies | 497 | ||
| Key points | 497 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 498 | ||
| HEMATOLOGIC CANCERS | 498 | ||
| LUNG CANCERS | 500 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCERS AND DYSPLASIA | 500 | ||
| HEAD AND NECK CANCERS | 501 | ||
| DECREASED CANCER RISK IN SLE | 501 | ||
| SUMMARY | 502 | ||
| REFERENCES | 503 | ||
| Post-marketing Experiences with Belimumab in the Treatment of SLE Patients | 507 | ||
| Key points | 507 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 507 | ||
| REGISTRATION STUDIES | 508 | ||
| METHOD | 510 | ||
| RESULTS | 511 | ||
| Post-approval Observational Results | 511 | ||
| Favorable clinical response to belimumab at 3 months | 511 | ||
| Twelve-month outcomes associated with belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical practice settings ... | 513 | ||
| Post-marketing experience with belimumab in US lupus centers: data from the Lupus Clinical Trials Consortium, Inc. (LCTC) n ... | 513 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 514 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 515 | ||
| REFERENCES | 515 | ||
| Recent Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis | 519 | ||
| Key points | 519 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 519 | ||
| Course of Lupus Nephritis | 520 | ||
| Prognosis | 520 | ||
| Goals of Treatment | 520 | ||
| Traditional Treatment Approach | 521 | ||
| TRIALS OF ALTERNATIVE DOSING OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE | 521 | ||
| Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial | 521 | ||
| Myeloablative Regimen | 523 | ||
| Additional Trials | 523 | ||
| TRIALS OF AZATHIOPRINE, CYCLOSPORINE, OR TACROLIMUS AS ALTERNATIVES TO CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AS INDUCTION TREATMENT | 523 | ||
| Dutch Working Party Trial | 523 | ||
| Trials of Calcineurin Inhibitors | 524 | ||
| TRIALS OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL AS INDUCTION TREATMENT | 524 | ||
| Noninferiority Study | 524 | ||
| ALMS | 527 | ||
| TRIALS OF ALTERNATIVES TO PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AS MAINTENANCE TREATMENTS | 528 | ||
| Miami Study | 528 | ||
| ALMS | 528 | ||
| MAINTAIN | 530 | ||
| Cyclosporine Versus Azathioprine | 530 | ||
| TRIAL OF RITUXIMAB | 531 | ||
| LUNAR | 531 | ||
| TRIALS IN MEMBRANOUS LUPUS NEPHRITIS | 531 | ||
| SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE | 531 | ||
| Cochrane Review | 531 | ||
| American College of Rheumatology Treatment Recommendations | 532 | ||
| SUMMARY | 532 | ||
| REFERENCES | 532 | ||
| The Kidney Biopsy in Lupus Nephritis | 537 | ||
| Key points | 537 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 537 | ||
| WHEN AND HOW OFTEN DOES A PATIENT WITH LN NEED A KIDNEY BIOPSY? | 538 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF KIDNEY DISORDERS | 541 | ||
| MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS: THE FUTURE OF THE PERCUTANEOUS KIDNEY BIOPSY IN LN | 546 | ||
| SUMMARY | 548 | ||
| REFERENCES | 549 | ||
| Improving Participation in Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies | 553 | ||
| Key points | 553 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 553 | ||
| DETERMINANTS OF THE PHENOMENA | 554 | ||
| REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON MAXIMIZING ENROLLMENT/RETENTION | 554 | ||
| RECOMMENDATIONS | 555 | ||
| Keep It Simple | 555 | ||
| Communicate Using Plain English | 556 | ||
| Address the Factors Underlying Difficult Choices | 556 | ||
| Align “Ask” with Honest Emotion and Feelings | 556 | ||
| Minimize Time on Ineffective or Marginally Effective Treatments | 557 | ||
| Waste No Time | 557 | ||
| Learn from Refusals | 557 | ||
| SUMMARY | 557 | ||
| REFERENCES | 558 | ||
| Index | 561 |