BOOK
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
In only the last four years, there have been dramatic changes in the understanding of the immunology, genetic/epigenetic associations, and identification of new targets for therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The editors have enlisted a superb group of authors to present articles detailing cutting-edge advances in these areas.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITORS | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Foreword\r | vii | ||
Preface: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\r | vii | ||
Environmental Influences on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Expression\r | vii | ||
Clinical Perspectives on Lupus Genetics: Advances and Opportunities\r | vii | ||
Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the Course and Outcome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\r | vii | ||
The Immunopathology of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus\r | viii | ||
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis in Lupus\r | viii | ||
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Malignancies: A Review Article\r | viii | ||
Post-marketing Experiences with Belimumab in the Treatment of SLE Patients\r | viii | ||
Recent Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis\r | ix | ||
The Kidney Biopsy in Lupus Nephritis: Is It Still Relevant?\r | ix | ||
Improving Participation in Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies: Going Back to Basics\r | ix | ||
RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\x0B | x | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
November 2014 | x | ||
February 2015 | x | ||
RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
May 2014 | x | ||
February 2014 | x | ||
November 2013 | x | ||
Foreword | xi | ||
Preface: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus \r | xiii | ||
Environmental Influences on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Expression | 401 | ||
Key points | 401 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 401 | ||
INTERPLAY BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, GENETICS, AND EPIGENETICS | 402 | ||
DIETARY INFLUENCES ON SLE | 403 | ||
ESTABLISHED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR SLE | 403 | ||
Silica Exposure and SLE | 404 | ||
Cigarette Smoking and SLE | 404 | ||
Smoking and the Role of Gene-Environment Interactions | 405 | ||
EBV Exposure and SLE | 405 | ||
INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D STATUS ON SLE | 405 | ||
LESS ESTABLISHED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS | 406 | ||
Metals and SLE | 406 | ||
Pesticides, Persistent Organic Pollutants, and SLE | 406 | ||
Other Environmental Agents and SLE | 407 | ||
METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS IN STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES | 407 | ||
Defining the SLE Exposome | 408 | ||
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY | 408 | ||
REFERENCES | 409 | ||
Clinical Perspectives on Lupus Genetics | 413 | ||
Key points | 413 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 413 | ||
Pathways Implicated by Lupus Genetics | 414 | ||
Ubiquitination (nuclear factor kappa beta signaling) | 414 | ||
DNA degradation (apoptosis/clearance of debris) | 414 | ||
Innate immunity (Toll-like receptor pathways/interferon) | 414 | ||
B-cell immunity (function/signaling) | 418 | ||
T-cell immunity (function/signaling) | 418 | ||
Neutrophil/monocyte immunity (function/signaling) | 418 | ||
Lymphocyte development | 418 | ||
Antigen presentation | 419 | ||
Genetic Associations with Autoantibody Production | 419 | ||
Association of Genes Within Select Lupus Clinical Subsets | 419 | ||
Genetics of Nephritis and Renal Outcomes | 420 | ||
ABIN1/TNIP1 | 420 | ||
APOL1 | 421 | ||
FcγRIIB | 421 | ||
STAT4 | 421 | ||
TNFSF4 | 421 | ||
SLE Genetic Studies in Progress | 421 | ||
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 422 | ||
Opportunities for Additional Clinically Important Genetic Studies | 422 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 424 | ||
REFERENCES | 424 | ||
Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the Course and Outcome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 433 | ||
Key points | 433 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 433 | ||
DISEASE EXPRESSION | 434 | ||
DISEASE ACTIVITY | 435 | ||
DAMAGE ACCRUAL | 438 | ||
WORK DISABILITY | 439 | ||
MORTALITY | 440 | ||
INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY ON RESPONSE TO LUPUS THERAPY | 442 | ||
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN LN THERAPY IN MULTIETHNIC POPULATIONS | 442 | ||
Induction Treatment | 442 | ||
Maintenance Treatment | 444 | ||
CELL-TARGETED BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES: B-CELL–TARGETED THERAPIES AND COSTIMULATION BLOCKER THERAPY | 445 | ||
B-Cell–Targeted Therapies and Ethnicity | 445 | ||
Costimulation Blocker Therapy (Abatacept) | 445 | ||
ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES IN LN | 446 | ||
SUMMARY | 447 | ||
REFERENCES | 447 | ||
The Immunopathology of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus | 455 | ||
Key points | 455 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 455 | ||
Clinical Manifestations | 455 | ||
PATHOGENESIS OVERVIEW | 456 | ||
TRIGGERS | 456 | ||
Genetics | 456 | ||
UV Light | 457 | ||
Infections | 457 | ||
Drugs and Chemicals | 458 | ||
Hormones | 458 | ||
Apoptosis | 458 | ||
Cytokines | 458 | ||
IFNs | 458 | ||
TNF-α | 459 | ||
B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) or BAFF | 459 | ||
IL-6 | 459 | ||
IL-10 | 460 | ||
IL-17 | 460 | ||
Chemokines | 460 | ||
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 460 | ||
T Cells | 460 | ||
B Cells | 461 | ||
Autoantibodies | 461 | ||
Complement | 461 | ||
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 461 | ||
DCs | 461 | ||
Neutrophils | 461 | ||
TLRs | 462 | ||
THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS | 462 | ||
Photoprotection | 462 | ||
Topical Therapy | 462 | ||
Antimalarial Therapy | 462 | ||
Immunosupressive and Immunomodulatory Therapy | 463 | ||
SUMMARY | 464 | ||
REFERENCES | 466 | ||
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis in Lupus | 475 | ||
Key points | 475 | ||
PATHOGENESIS OF ATH | 476 | ||
High-Density Lipoprotein Prevents Oxidation and Inflammation | 476 | ||
IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH SLE AT RISK FOR CV EVENTS | 477 | ||
Traditional and SLE-Specific Risk Factors for ATH in SLE | 477 | ||
SLE-Specific Risk Factors | 477 | ||
Disease activity, duration, and damage | 477 | ||
POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR ATH IN SLE | 478 | ||
Antiphospholipid Antibodies | 478 | ||
C-Reactive Protein | 478 | ||
Proinflammatory HDL | 478 | ||
Paraoxonase | 479 | ||
Adipocytokines | 479 | ||
Homocysteine | 479 | ||
Biomarker Panels | 482 | ||
SUBCLINICAL MEASURES OF ATH | 482 | ||
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION OF CV COMPLICATIONS IN SLE | 483 | ||
Minimizing Framingham Risk Factors | 483 | ||
Hypertension: Antihypertensives | 483 | ||
Dyslipidemia: Statin Use | 484 | ||
THE IMPACT OF MODULATORS OF LUPUS DISEASE ACTIVITY ON CVD | 485 | ||
Antimalarial Therapy | 485 | ||
Azathioprine | 485 | ||
Glucocorticoids | 485 | ||
Mycophenolate Mofetil | 485 | ||
CONSIDERATION FOR FUTURE CLINICAL TRIALS | 486 | ||
REFERENCES | 487 | ||
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Malignancies | 497 | ||
Key points | 497 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 498 | ||
HEMATOLOGIC CANCERS | 498 | ||
LUNG CANCERS | 500 | ||
CERVICAL CANCERS AND DYSPLASIA | 500 | ||
HEAD AND NECK CANCERS | 501 | ||
DECREASED CANCER RISK IN SLE | 501 | ||
SUMMARY | 502 | ||
REFERENCES | 503 | ||
Post-marketing Experiences with Belimumab in the Treatment of SLE Patients | 507 | ||
Key points | 507 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 507 | ||
REGISTRATION STUDIES | 508 | ||
METHOD | 510 | ||
RESULTS | 511 | ||
Post-approval Observational Results | 511 | ||
Favorable clinical response to belimumab at 3 months | 511 | ||
Twelve-month outcomes associated with belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical practice settings ... | 513 | ||
Post-marketing experience with belimumab in US lupus centers: data from the Lupus Clinical Trials Consortium, Inc. (LCTC) n ... | 513 | ||
DISCUSSION | 514 | ||
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 515 | ||
REFERENCES | 515 | ||
Recent Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis | 519 | ||
Key points | 519 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 519 | ||
Course of Lupus Nephritis | 520 | ||
Prognosis | 520 | ||
Goals of Treatment | 520 | ||
Traditional Treatment Approach | 521 | ||
TRIALS OF ALTERNATIVE DOSING OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE | 521 | ||
Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial | 521 | ||
Myeloablative Regimen | 523 | ||
Additional Trials | 523 | ||
TRIALS OF AZATHIOPRINE, CYCLOSPORINE, OR TACROLIMUS AS ALTERNATIVES TO CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AS INDUCTION TREATMENT | 523 | ||
Dutch Working Party Trial | 523 | ||
Trials of Calcineurin Inhibitors | 524 | ||
TRIALS OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL AS INDUCTION TREATMENT | 524 | ||
Noninferiority Study | 524 | ||
ALMS | 527 | ||
TRIALS OF ALTERNATIVES TO PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AS MAINTENANCE TREATMENTS | 528 | ||
Miami Study | 528 | ||
ALMS | 528 | ||
MAINTAIN | 530 | ||
Cyclosporine Versus Azathioprine | 530 | ||
TRIAL OF RITUXIMAB | 531 | ||
LUNAR | 531 | ||
TRIALS IN MEMBRANOUS LUPUS NEPHRITIS | 531 | ||
SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE | 531 | ||
Cochrane Review | 531 | ||
American College of Rheumatology Treatment Recommendations | 532 | ||
SUMMARY | 532 | ||
REFERENCES | 532 | ||
The Kidney Biopsy in Lupus Nephritis | 537 | ||
Key points | 537 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 537 | ||
WHEN AND HOW OFTEN DOES A PATIENT WITH LN NEED A KIDNEY BIOPSY? | 538 | ||
BIOMARKERS OF KIDNEY DISORDERS | 541 | ||
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS: THE FUTURE OF THE PERCUTANEOUS KIDNEY BIOPSY IN LN | 546 | ||
SUMMARY | 548 | ||
REFERENCES | 549 | ||
Improving Participation in Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies | 553 | ||
Key points | 553 | ||
BACKGROUND | 553 | ||
DETERMINANTS OF THE PHENOMENA | 554 | ||
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON MAXIMIZING ENROLLMENT/RETENTION | 554 | ||
RECOMMENDATIONS | 555 | ||
Keep It Simple | 555 | ||
Communicate Using Plain English | 556 | ||
Address the Factors Underlying Difficult Choices | 556 | ||
Align “Ask” with Honest Emotion and Feelings | 556 | ||
Minimize Time on Ineffective or Marginally Effective Treatments | 557 | ||
Waste No Time | 557 | ||
Learn from Refusals | 557 | ||
SUMMARY | 557 | ||
REFERENCES | 558 | ||
Index | 561 |