Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics, edited by Dr. Pascal Demoly, is devoted to Drug Hypersensitivity. Articles in this issue include: Drug allergy diagnosis; Principles of drug allergy management: acute drug reactions, individual preventive measures, desensitization, general preventive measures; Antibiotics allergy; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs HS; Local and general anesthetics allergy; Radiocontrast media and dyes allergy; Chemotherapeutic agents allergy; Vaccine allergy; Biological agents HS; Anti-epileptic allergy; Iron and Vitamin Allergy; Antiviral drug allergy; Additive allergy; and Unmet needs in drug allergy.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Drug Hypersensitivity | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Immunology\rand Allergy\rClinics of North America | xii | ||
| Foreword | xiii | ||
| Preface | xv | ||
| Drug Allergy Diagnosis | 461 | ||
| Key points | 461 | ||
| Introduction | 461 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 462 | ||
| Severity signs of DHRs | 462 | ||
| Natural history of DHRs | 463 | ||
| Follow-up of Patients with a Confirmed DH: Skin Test Conversion | 464 | ||
| Follow-up of Patients After Drug Desensitization | 464 | ||
| Influence of the Underlying Disease | 464 | ||
| Influence of Age | 465 | ||
| The Multiple Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome | 465 | ||
| Evaluation of the clinical history | 465 | ||
| Pharmacovigilance algorithms | 466 | ||
| Skin tests | 466 | ||
| Biological tests | 468 | ||
| Provocation tests | 468 | ||
| Summary | 469 | ||
| References | 469 | ||
| Management of Nonimmediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Drugs | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| Introduction | 474 | ||
| Clinical diagnosis | 474 | ||
| Skin | 474 | ||
| Liver | 475 | ||
| Kidney | 476 | ||
| Multisystem | 476 | ||
| DRESS | 476 | ||
| Drug-induced vasculitis | 477 | ||
| Evaluation of severity | 477 | ||
| Skin | 477 | ||
| Liver | 477 | ||
| Kidney | 478 | ||
| Multisystem | 478 | ||
| Is referral to specialized wards needed? | 478 | ||
| Identification of suspect drugs | 478 | ||
| Delay Between Initiation of the Medication and Onset of the Reaction | 479 | ||
| Is the Medication Still Present in the Patient’s Body? | 479 | ||
| Did the Patient Use the Same Drug in the Past? | 479 | ||
| What Is the Notoriety of the Drug for Inducing This Type of Reaction? | 479 | ||
| Decision on withdrawal | 481 | ||
| The Rule | 481 | ||
| A Few Exceptions | 481 | ||
| Treatment | 481 | ||
| Skin Reactions | 481 | ||
| Maculopapular eruptions | 481 | ||
| Severe reactions—SCAR | 481 | ||
| AGEP | 481 | ||
| SJS/TEN | 481 | ||
| Liver | 482 | ||
| Kidney | 482 | ||
| DRESS | 482 | ||
| Systemic Vasculitis | 483 | ||
| Confirmation of causality | 483 | ||
| Reporting | 484 | ||
| Follow-up | 484 | ||
| Future use of medications | 484 | ||
| References | 484 | ||
| Antibiotic Allergy | 489 | ||
| Key points | 489 | ||
| Introduction | 489 | ||
| Pathogenesis of antibiotic allergy | 489 | ||
| General principles | 490 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 490 | ||
| Assessment of antibiotic allergy | 491 | ||
| β-lactam antibiotics | 491 | ||
| Differences in practice across the world | 492 | ||
| Immediate β-lactam allergy in children | 495 | ||
| Nonimmediate reactions | 495 | ||
| Hypersensitivity reactions to monobactams, carbapenems | 496 | ||
| The administration of alternative β-lactams to β-lactam-allergic patients | 497 | ||
| Non-β-lactam antibiotics | 497 | ||
| Quinolones | 497 | ||
| Macrolides | 498 | ||
| Sulfonamides | 498 | ||
| Aminoglycosides | 499 | ||
| Clindamycin | 499 | ||
| Rifamycins | 499 | ||
| Glycopeptides | 499 | ||
| Summary | 500 | ||
| References | 500 | ||
| Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | 507 | ||
| Key points | 507 | ||
| Introduction | 507 | ||
| Classification | 508 | ||
| Epidemiology | 508 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 511 | ||
| Genetics | 511 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 513 | ||
| NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease | 513 | ||
| NSAID-Exacerbated Cutaneous Disease | 513 | ||
| NSAID-Induced Urticaria/Angioedema | 513 | ||
| Single NSAID–Induced Urticaria/Angioedema or Anaphylaxis | 514 | ||
| Single NSAID–Induced Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions | 514 | ||
| Mixed reactions | 514 | ||
| Interactions | 514 | ||
| Diagnostic approach | 515 | ||
| Skin Testing | 515 | ||
| In Vitro Tests | 515 | ||
| Drug-Provocation Test | 516 | ||
| Treatment | 516 | ||
| References | 517 | ||
| Local and General Anesthetics Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions | 525 | ||
| Key points | 525 | ||
| Overview of intraoperative anaphylaxis | 526 | ||
| Terminology | 526 | ||
| Incidence | 526 | ||
| Mortality | 526 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 527 | ||
| Drug Allergy Work-up | 527 | ||
| Tryptase and histamine | 528 | ||
| Skin testing | 528 | ||
| Specific IgE immunoassays | 529 | ||
| Basophil activation test | 530 | ||
| Challenge tests | 530 | ||
| General anesthetics | 530 | ||
| Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | 530 | ||
| Immune-mediated reactions | 530 | ||
| Cross-reactivity | 531 | ||
| Origin of sensitization to NMBAs | 531 | ||
| Allergy testing | 532 | ||
| Hypnotics | 533 | ||
| Opioids | 533 | ||
| Local anesthetics | 534 | ||
| Background | 534 | ||
| Types of Local Anesthetics | 534 | ||
| Adverse Reactions | 535 | ||
| Large Clinical Studies | 536 | ||
| Testing to Local Anesthetics | 536 | ||
| Other substances implicated in the setting of anesthesia | 538 | ||
| Antibiotics | 538 | ||
| Latex | 538 | ||
| NSAIDs | 538 | ||
| Chlorhexidine | 539 | ||
| Dyes | 539 | ||
| Colloids | 539 | ||
| Aprotinin | 539 | ||
| Prevention | 540 | ||
| References | 540 | ||
| Hypersensitivity to Contrast Media and Dyes | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| Hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated radiocontrast media | 547 | ||
| Incidence and Risk Factors | 548 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 548 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 549 | ||
| Diagnostic Methods | 549 | ||
| Management | 550 | ||
| Hypersensitivity reactions to gadolinium contrast media | 550 | ||
| Incidence and Risk Factors | 551 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 551 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 551 | ||
| Diagnostic Methods | 551 | ||
| Management | 551 | ||
| Hypersensitivity reactions to dyes | 551 | ||
| Fluorescein | 552 | ||
| Incidence and risk factors | 552 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 552 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 552 | ||
| Diagnostic methods | 553 | ||
| Management | 553 | ||
| Patent Blue V | 553 | ||
| Incidence and risk factors | 553 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 553 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 554 | ||
| Diagnostic methods | 554 | ||
| Adverse Events to Nontargeted and Targeted Chemotherapeutic Agents | 565 | ||
| Key points | 565 | ||
| Introduction | 566 | ||
| Nontargeted drugs | 566 | ||
| Risk Factors | 567 | ||
| Clinical Pictures | 568 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 568 | ||
| Diagnosis | 568 | ||
| Factors Influencing the Treatment in Case of Hypersensitivity Reactions | 570 | ||
| Prevention of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nontargeted Drugs | 571 | ||
| Targeted drugs | 573 | ||
| Small Chemotherapeutic Drugs | 574 | ||
| mAbs | 580 | ||
| Adverse Events | 580 | ||
| Small chemotherapeutic drugs and cytotoxic chimeric proteins | 580 | ||
| mAbs | 586 | ||
| Diagnosis | 588 | ||
| Premedication and Desensitization | 588 | ||
| Future considerations | 589 | ||
| References | 590 | ||
| Vaccine Allergy | 597 | ||
| Key points | 597 | ||
| Introduction | 597 | ||
| Local reactions to vaccines | 598 | ||
| Different Types of Local Reactions and Pathomechanisms | 598 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Local Reactions After Vaccine Administration | 599 | ||
| Prevention | 600 | ||
| Systemic reactionS to vaccines | 601 | ||
| Different Types of Systemic Reactions and Pathomechanisms | 601 | ||
| Patients with a History of Systemic Reaction to Vaccine | 601 | ||
| Systemic reactions due to hypersensitivity to microbial components | 601 | ||
| Hypersensitivity to toxoids | 601 | ||
| Hypersensitivity to B pertussis antigen | 602 | ||
| Hypersensitivity to pneumococcal antigens | 602 | ||
| Systemic reactions due to hypersensitivity to other vaccine components | 602 | ||
| Gelatin and egg | 602 | ||
| Yeast | 602 | ||
| Dextran | 603 | ||
| Preservatives and adjuvants | 603 | ||
| Antibiotics | 603 | ||
| General management of patients with a history of systemic reaction to vaccine | 603 | ||
| Patients with History of Allergy to Vaccine Components | 604 | ||
| Patients allergic to eggs | 604 | ||
| Patients allergic to gelatin | 605 | ||
| Patients allergic to milk | 605 | ||
| Patients allergic to antibiotics | 606 | ||
| General management of patients with an allergy to vaccine components | 606 | ||
| Summary | 606 | ||
| References | 606 | ||
| Hypersensitivity Reactions to Biologic Agents | 615 | ||
| Key points | 615 | ||
| Introduction | 615 | ||
| Definitions | 615 | ||
| Clinical presentation: symptoms and management | 616 | ||
| Acute Infusion Reactions | 616 | ||
| Delayed Infusion Reactions | 616 | ||
| Systemic Skin Reactions | 617 | ||
| Injection Site Reactions | 617 | ||
| Pathogenic mechanisms of acute reactions | 617 | ||
| Pathogenic mechanisms of delayed reactions | 620 | ||
| Systemic | 620 | ||
| Local | 620 | ||
| Value of skin testing for acute reactions | 620 | ||
| Management of BA-induced reactions: preventive measures and diagnosis | 622 | ||
| Preventive Measures | 622 | ||
| Recognition of patients at risk | 622 | ||
| Premedication | 623 | ||
| Choice of the infusion rate | 623 | ||
| Diagnosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Tests | 623 | ||
| Desensitization | 624 | ||
| Risk, Safety, and Outcomes | 624 | ||
| Rituximab | 625 | ||
| Infliximab | 625 | ||
| Other Monoclonal TNF-α Inhibitors | 626 | ||
| Cetuximab | 627 | ||
| Trastuzumab | 627 | ||
| Summary | 628 | ||
| References | 628 | ||
| Hypersensitivity to Antiepileptic Drugs | 633 | ||
| Key points | 633 | ||
| Introduction | 633 | ||
| Epidemiology | 634 | ||
| Risk factors | 634 | ||
| Genetic Factors | 634 | ||
| Age | 636 | ||
| Drug-Related Factors | 636 | ||
| Disease-Related Factors | 636 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 637 | ||
| Clinical features | 637 | ||
| Diagnosis | 638 | ||
| Management | 638 | ||
| Summary and future direction | 639 | ||
| References | 639 | ||
| Antiviral Drug Allergy | 645 | ||
| Key points | 645 | ||
| Introduction | 645 | ||
| Immunopathogenesis and pharmacogenomics of antiviral drug allergy | 646 | ||
| Hypersensitivity syndromes associated with antiretroviral treatment | 649 | ||
| SJS/TEN | 652 | ||
| DRESS/DIHS | 653 | ||
| Protease inhibitors | 653 | ||
| NNRTIs | 653 | ||
| Fusion inhibitors | 655 | ||
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | 655 | ||
| ABC | 655 | ||
| Emtricitabine | 656 | ||
| Integrase inhibitors | 656 | ||
| Inhibitors of the CCR5 chemokine receptor | 656 | ||
| Hypersensitivity syndromes associated with treatment of HCV | 656 | ||
| Diagnosis and treatment | 657 | ||
| Summary and future directions | 658 | ||
| References | 658 | ||
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis from the Vehicle Components of Topical Pharmaceutical Products | 663 | ||
| Key points | 663 | ||
| Introduction | 663 | ||
| Allergic contact dermatitis from topical pharmaceutical products | 663 | ||
| Nature of the contact allergens | 664 | ||
| Excipients | 664 | ||
| Preservative Agents | 664 | ||
| Antioxidants | 664 | ||
| Perfume Components | 664 | ||
| Wound dressings | 664 | ||
| Diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis | 667 | ||
| Patch-Tests | 667 | ||
| Open and Semiopen (or Semiocclusive) Tests | 669 | ||
| Use Tests and ROATs | 669 | ||
| References | 669 | ||
| Place of Excipients in Systemic Drug Allergy | 671 | ||
| Key points | 671 | ||
| Benzyl alcohol | 672 | ||
| Carboxymethylcellulose | 672 | ||
| Dyes | 673 | ||
| Povidone | 673 | ||
| Sodium benzoate | 674 | ||
| Sulfites | 674 | ||
| Nonionic polyethoxylated surfactants | 675 | ||
| Excipients in vaccines | 675 | ||
| Aluminum-Induced Granuloma | 675 | ||
| Antibiotics in Vaccines | 676 | ||
| Egg Protein and Vaccines | 676 | ||
| Contamination from the Media Used for Recombinant Vaccines | 676 | ||
| Gelatin | 676 | ||
| Excipients in insulin | 677 | ||
| Metacresol | 677 | ||
| Protamine | 677 | ||
| Zinc Oxide | 677 | ||
| Summary | 677 | ||
| References | 677 | ||
| In Vitro Diagnosis of Immediate IgE-Mediated Drug Hypersensitivity | 681 | ||
| Key points | 681 | ||
| Introduction | 682 | ||
| Quantification of sIgE antibodies | 682 | ||
| Cellular tests | 685 | ||
| References | 687 | ||
| In Vitro Diagnosis of Delayed-type Drug Hypersensitivity | 691 | ||
| Key points | 691 | ||
| Introduction | 691 | ||
| Drug hypersensitivity reactions: definition and overview of clinical syndromes | 692 | ||
| Activation of drug-responsive T cells | 694 | ||
| Hapten hypothesis | 695 | ||
| The PI hypothesis | 696 | ||
| Altered self-peptide repertoire hypothesis | 696 | ||
| Diagnosis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions | 696 | ||
| Summary | 701 | ||
| References | 701 | ||
| Hypersensitivity from Intravenous Iron Products | 707 | ||
| Key points | 707 | ||
| Introduction | 707 | ||
| Terminology | 707 | ||
| Iron compounds as potential allergens | 708 | ||
| Iron preparations | 709 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 709 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 712 | ||
| History | 712 | ||
| ADR from iron products | 714 | ||
| Iron Products and Immediate Toxicity | 714 | ||
| Iron Products and Delayed Toxicity | 716 | ||
| Iron Products and Immediate Hypersensitivity | 716 | ||
| Iron and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity | 717 | ||
| Iron and Long-term Toxicity and Infection | 717 | ||
| Diagnosis and management | 717 | ||
| Summary | 719 | ||
| References | 719 | ||
| Index | 725 |