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Cone Beam Computed Tomography: From Capture to Reporting, An Issue of Dental Clinics of North America, E-book

Cone Beam Computed Tomography: From Capture to Reporting, An Issue of Dental Clinics of North America, E-book

Dale A. Miles

(2014)

Additional Information

Abstract

This issue of Dental Clinics updates topics in CBCT and Dental Imaging. Articles will cover: basic principles of CBCT; artifacts interfering with interpretation of CBCT; basic anatomy in the three anatomic planes of section; endodontic applications of CBCT; pre-surgical implant site assessment; software tools for surgical guide construction; CBCT for the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; CBCT and OSA and sleep disordered breathing; update on CBCT and orthodontic analyses; liabilities and risks of using CBCT; reporting findings in a CBCT volume, and more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Cone Beam Computed Tomography: From\rCapture to Reporting i
Copyright ii
Contributors iii
Contents v
Dental Clinics Of North America viii
Preface ix
Basic Principles of Cone Beam Computed Tomography 463
Key points 463
Introduction 463
CBCT versus computed tomography 464
Historical development of CBCT units 465
Effect of field of view on scanner type 465
Features of the imaging process 467
Image Capture 467
Imaging Software and Data File Management 468
X-Ray Tube and Generator Systems 469
Image Sensor Systems 477
Scatter and Beam-Hardening Artifact 481
Summary 483
References 483
Artifacts Interfering with Interpretation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images 485
Key points 485
Image artifacts commonly seen in cone beam imaging 485
Beam hardening artifact 486
Metal artifact 486
Ring artifacts 489
Cone beam effect artifact 489
Motion artifact 491
Aliasing artifact 491
Noise artifact 491
References 494
Anatomy of the Maxillofacial Region in the Three Planes of Section 497
Key points 497
Introduction 497
Nose and paranasal sinuses 499
Neck and cervical spine 508
Midface and skull base 513
References 520
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Updated Technology for Endodontic Diagnosis 523
Key points 523
Introduction 523
Roots: anatomic noise hides anatomy 524
Case 524
Canals: hidden canal morphology 525
Case 525
Calcifications 527
Case 527
Lateral canals 529
Case 529
Bone morphology identifiable on CBCT 531
Fenestration Case 531
Dehiscence Case 532
Identifying cysts 534
Endodontic Recall 536
Case 536
Case 537
Trauma 539
Osseous Trauma: Case 540
Conclusions 540
References 541
Endodontic Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography 545
Key points 545
Case 1: tooth number 14 545
Case 2: maxillary first bicuspid, tooth number 12 546
Case 3: tooth number 11 547
Case 4: CBCT and DICOM data 553
Summary 558
References 558
Presurgical Implant-Site Assessment and Restoratively Driven Digital Planning 561
Key points 561
Introduction 562
Two-dimensional versus 3D imaging 562
CBCT implant planning software 564
Ideal implant positioning 569
Radiographic templates and visualization 574
The role of air space in 3D imaging 575
Using fiducials and digital registration 579
Crown-down preoperative assessment of implant site 583
Patients Missing Single Teeth 583
Edentulous Patients 586
Summary 593
References 593
Software Tools and Surgical Guides in Dental-Implant-Guided Surgery 597
Key points 597
Introduction 597
Implant-guided surgery planning software 598
Preimplant-guided surgery planning: data manipulation 600
Orientation and Cross-Sectional Principle 600
Panoramic Reconstructions 601
Segmentation Tools 604
Nerve Tracing Tools 606
Implant-guided surgery planning 607
Anatomic Considerations When Planning Implant Surgery 612
Optical Scanning 613
Restorative considerations for CBCT-based implant-guided surgery planning 614
Surgical guides 617
Clinical accuracy of surgical guides 618
Image Acquisition 618
Image Processing (Orientation and Cross-Sectional Principle) 619
Surgical Guide Manufacturing (Stereolithography vs Radiographic Stent) 619
Surgical Guide Support (Bone, Tissue, or Tooth Supported) or Fixation (Fixation Pins) 621
Fully Guided Versus Partially Guided Osteotomy Protocols 621
Final Implant Placement (Fully/Partially Guided Placement vs Freehanded Placement) 622
Summary 624
References 624
Cone Beam Computed Tomography for the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses 627
Key points 627
Nasal cavity 627
Anatomic variants—nasal cavity 628
Deviated Nasal Septum 628
Concha Bullosa 628
Paradoxic Turbinate 629
Paranasal sinuses 629
Frontal Sinus 629
Ethmoid Sinuses (Ethmoid Air Cells) 630
The Ostiomeatal Complex 631
Sphenoid Sinus 631
Maxillary Sinus 632
Pathology 632
Nasal Obstruction 632
Hyperplastic Turbinates 633
Nasal Polyps 633
Antrochoanal Polyps 635
Papilloma 635
Juvenile Nasal Angiofibroma 635
Cleft Palate 635
Malignant Tumors of the Nasal Cavity 636
Pathology of the paranasal sinuses 637
Disorders of Size 637
Acute/Chronic Sinusitis 637
Dental Disease and Mucosal Thickening in the Maxillary Sinus 638
Antral Pseudocyst 639
Sinus Mucocele 640
Antrolith 640
Osteoma 640
Papilloma 641
Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors 641
Central Ossifying Fibroma 643
Odontogenic myxoma 644
Malignant Neoplasms of the Paranasal Sinuses 644
Trauma 644
Oroantral Communication/Oroantral Fistula 646
Surgical Intervention 649
References 649
Update on Cone Beam Technology and Orthodontic Analysis 653
Key points 653
Introduction 653
System improvements 654
Hardware: field of view variation 654
Image analysis 655
Radiation dose 655
Software improvements 656
Orthodontic analysis 656
Facial soft tissue analysis 657
Hard tissue analysis 658
Dental impactions 659
Digital dental models 659
Virtual patient 660
Surgery simulation and translation into clinical practice 660
Facial Asymmetry Diagnosis 660
Surgical Simulation and Sleep Apnea Management 660
Software programs for orthodontics 661
SICAT Function and JMT 662
3dMDvultus Software 664
InVivoDental Software for CBCT Digital Study Model Acquisition 665
SureSmile Software 665
Insignia Software 666
Summary 666
References 666
Liabilities and Risks of Using Cone beam Computed Tomography 671
Key points 671
Introduction 671
To scan or not to scan: the standard of care 672
Technical parameters 673
Resolution 676
FOV 676
Interpreting CBCT images 679
What needs to be read 680
The reading of scans over the Web 680
Attempts to limit liability 682
Malpractice insurance 683
Summary 683
References 683
Reporting Findings in the Cone Beam Computed Tomography Volume 687
Key points 687
Introduction 687
Systematic review of image database 688
Confounds—Some of the Obstacles to Overcome When Examining the Volume 688
A Suggested Method for Scan Review 690
Common findings in anatomic regions in CBCT data sets by anatomic region 692
Paranasal Sinuses 692
Nasal Cavity 696
Airway 697
Cervical Spine 698
Temporomandibular Joints 699
Dental Findings 701
Other 702
Reportable findings 704
Summary—Why do reports? 704
Supplementary data 709
References 709
Index 711