BOOK
Breast Imaging, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America, E-Book
Christopher E. Comstock | Cecilia L. Mercado
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Guest edited by Christopher Comstock of Memorial Sloan-Kettering, this issue of Radiologic Clinics will provide all of the latest guidelines and techniques for breast imaging. Modalities include MRI, MR-CAD, digital tomosynthesis, and ultrasound.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Breast Imaging | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Radiologic Clinics Of North America\r | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Screening Mammography Benefit Controversies | 455 | ||
| Key points | 455 | ||
| Randomized trials have proven that early detection reduces breast cancer death rates | 456 | ||
| Results of RCTs | 456 | ||
| Origins of the Controversy Regarding Women Aged 40 to 49 Years | 458 | ||
| Mortality Reduction Among Women Screened in Their 40s | 459 | ||
| Screening Women 75 Years of Age and Older | 459 | ||
| Why Do Randomized Trials Underestimate the Benefit from Screening? | 460 | ||
| Validity of RCT Results: the Gotzsche and Olsen Controversy | 461 | ||
| Service screening studies | 463 | ||
| IBM Studies | 463 | ||
| Case-Control Studies | 464 | ||
| Trend Studies | 465 | ||
| Can modern treatment substitute for early detection? | 465 | ||
| The overdiagnosis controversy | 467 | ||
| Was there Overdiagnosis in RCTs? | 467 | ||
| How Frequent was Overdiagnosis in Service Screening Studies? | 467 | ||
| What Length of Follow-Up Is Needed for an Accurate Estimate of Overdiagnosis? | 467 | ||
| Use of Trend Studies to Estimate Overdiagnosis | 468 | ||
| Is ductal carcinoma in situ a real cancer? | 469 | ||
| How frequently should women be screened? | 470 | ||
| Mathematical Models | 470 | ||
| Clinical Observational Studies | 471 | ||
| USPSTF Controversy | 471 | ||
| Absolute and Relative Benefit | 472 | ||
| Benefits and Costs | 473 | ||
| Summary | 474 | ||
| References | 474 | ||
| BI-RADS Update | 481 | ||
| Key points | 481 | ||
| Introduction | 481 | ||
| Breast imaging lexicon | 481 | ||
| Mammography Lexicon | 481 | ||
| Ultrasound Lexicon | 482 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lexicon | 482 | ||
| Reporting system | 483 | ||
| Auditing | 485 | ||
| Assessment categories | 485 | ||
| Summary | 486 | ||
| Addendum | 486 | ||
| References | 486 | ||
| Digital Tomosynthesis | 489 | ||
| Key points | 489 | ||
| Introduction | 489 | ||
| Image acquisition | 489 | ||
| Geometry | 489 | ||
| Step-and-shoot Versus Continuous Gantry Motion | 490 | ||
| Scan Angle, Angular Sampling, and Number of Projections | 490 | ||
| Scatter | 491 | ||
| Technique Selection (Tube Voltage, Tube Current, and Target-Filter Combination) | 491 | ||
| Reconstruction techniques | 491 | ||
| Filtered Backprojection | 491 | ||
| Iterative Techniques | 492 | ||
| Artifacts | 493 | ||
| Spatial Resolution | 493 | ||
| Comparison with Breast CT | 494 | ||
| Dose and dose optimization | 495 | ||
| Summary | 495 | ||
| References | 496 | ||
| Clinical Implementation of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis | 499 | ||
| Key points | 499 | ||
| Introduction | 499 | ||
| Why digital breast tomosynthesis? | 499 | ||
| Summary of DBT data | 500 | ||
| DBT in Screening | 500 | ||
| Screening DBT: One View Versus Two Views | 501 | ||
| Tomosynthesis Performance Versus Breast Density | 502 | ||
| Tomosynthesis in Diagnostic Imaging | 503 | ||
| Calcifications with DBT | 509 | ||
| Basics of DBT interpretation | 510 | ||
| What Is in a DBT Image Set? | 510 | ||
| Tools for DBT Interpretation | 510 | ||
| Triangulation | 510 | ||
| Slabbing | 510 | ||
| How to Incorporate the DBT Images into Hanging Protocols | 511 | ||
| Considerations in DBT implementation | 511 | ||
| Dose Concerns | 511 | ||
| CAD in DBT | 513 | ||
| Interpretation Time | 514 | ||
| Image Storage Issues | 515 | ||
| Learning Curve and DBT Training | 515 | ||
| Reimbursement | 515 | ||
| Summary | 515 | ||
| References | 516 | ||
| High-quality Breast Ultrasonography | 519 | ||
| Key points | 519 | ||
| Introduction | 519 | ||
| Patient positioning | 519 | ||
| Transducer selection | 520 | ||
| Image resolution | 520 | ||
| Focal zone | 520 | ||
| Depth | 521 | ||
| Gain and time gain compensation | 521 | ||
| Spatial compound imaging | 521 | ||
| Harmonic imaging | 522 | ||
| Color Doppler and power Doppler | 522 | ||
| Real-time imaging | 522 | ||
| Targeted ultrasound: lesion correlation | 523 | ||
| American College of Radiology accreditation | 524 | ||
| Summary | 525 | ||
| References | 525 | ||
| Update on Screening Breast Ultrasonography | 527 | ||
| Key points | 527 | ||
| Current recommendations for screening breast ultrasonography | 527 | ||
| Review of the literature on screening whole-breast ultrasonography | 528 | ||
| Handheld Screening Whole-Breast Ultrasonography | 528 | ||
| Ultrasonography Screening Methods: Handheld Versus Automated Whole-breast Ultrasonography | 530 | ||
| Supplemental Screening Ultrasonography Versus Supplemental Screening MR Imaging | 532 | ||
| Factors influencing the implementation of screening breast ultrasonography | 533 | ||
| High Rate of False-positives | 533 | ||
| Probably Benign Findings Requiring Short-interval Follow-up | 533 | ||
| Certification and Accreditation for Screening Breast Ultrasonography | 534 | ||
| Political and Economic Factors | 534 | ||
| Summary | 535 | ||
| References | 535 | ||
| Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound | 539 | ||
| Key points | 539 | ||
| History | 539 | ||
| Equipment/Systems | 540 | ||
| Technology | 543 | ||
| Clinical use/workflow | 543 | ||
| References | 546 | ||
| High-Quality Breast MRI | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| Introduction | 547 | ||
| Equipment requirements | 548 | ||
| Adequate Magnetic Field Strength and Homogeneity | 548 | ||
| A Bilateral Breast Coil with Prone Positioning | 549 | ||
| Adequate Magnetic Field Gradients | 550 | ||
| Good Fat Suppression Over Both Breasts | 551 | ||
| Pulse sequence requirements | 551 | ||
| Gd-chelate Contrast Agent Administration: 0.1 mmol/kg Followed by 20 mL of Saline | 554 | ||
| Bilateral Acquisition with Prone Positioning | 555 | ||
| A 3D Fourier Transform Gradient-Echo T1-Weighted Pulse Sequence | 556 | ||
| Adequately Thin Slices of 3 mm or Less | 556 | ||
| Pixel Sizes of Less than 1 mm in Each In-Plane Direction | 556 | ||
| Phase-Encoding Direction Chosen to Minimize Artifacts Across the Breasts | 556 | ||
| Total 3DFT Acquisition Time for Each Series of 1 to 3 Minutes | 558 | ||
| Adequate SNR to Visualize Small Enhancing Vessels on 3D Maximum Intensity Projection Images | 560 | ||
| The ACR Breast MRI Accreditation Program | 560 | ||
| Summary | 561 | ||
| References | 561 | ||
| Approach to Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Interpretation | 563 | ||
| Key points | 563 | ||
| Introduction | 563 | ||
| Before the examination | 564 | ||
| Current Indications for Breast MR Imaging | 564 | ||
| Patient Information Gathering | 564 | ||
| Examination acquisition | 565 | ||
| Equipment and Positioning | 565 | ||
| Imaging Parameters | 567 | ||
| Postprocessing | 567 | ||
| Interpretation process | 568 | ||
| Global Approach: Fibroglandular Volume and BPE | 569 | ||
| Focal Approach: Morphology and Kinetic Assessment | 572 | ||
| Morphologic Assessment | 572 | ||
| Kinetic Assessment | 573 | ||
| Additional Findings | 576 | ||
| Reporting | 577 | ||
| Summary | 580 | ||
| References | 580 | ||
| Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 585 | ||
| Key points | 585 | ||
| Introduction | 585 | ||
| Clinical significance of an enhancing focus | 585 | ||
| Characteristics of foci: examination indication | 586 | ||
| Characteristics of foci: kinetic analysis | 586 | ||
| Characteristics of foci: T2-weighted signal intensity | 587 | ||
| Characteristics of foci: size | 588 | ||
| Characteristics of foci: interval change and number | 588 | ||
| Summary | 588 | ||
| References | 588 | ||
| MR Evaluation of Breast Implants | 591 | ||
| Key points | 591 | ||
| Introduction | 591 | ||
| Evaluation of Implant Integrity | 591 | ||
| Relationship to Breast Lesions | 592 | ||
| Soft-Tissue (Extracapsular) Silicone | 592 | ||
| Implant Volume | 593 | ||
| Determination of Implant Type and Manufacturer | 593 | ||
| Normal breast MR imaging appearances and imaging technique | 593 | ||
| Mammography, Ultrasound, and CT Imaging | 594 | ||
| MR Imaging | 594 | ||
| Silicone molecular structure | 595 | ||
| Anatomy | 595 | ||
| Parameter settings in breast implant MR imaging | 596 | ||
| Extracapsular silicone | 596 | ||
| Intracapsular silicone | 596 | ||
| Breast implant MR imaging pulse sequences | 597 | ||
| MR image acquisition hints and pitfalls | 598 | ||
| Normal MR imaging appearance and variants of silicone gel–filled breast implants | 600 | ||
| Single lumen | 600 | ||
| Standard double-lumen | 601 | ||
| Gel-gel double lumen | 601 | ||
| Reverse double-lumen expander-implant | 601 | ||
| Abnormal imaging findings | 601 | ||
| Diagnosis of Rupture | 601 | ||
| Diagnosis of Deflation | 603 | ||
| Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Silicone | 604 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 604 | ||
| Additional Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants | 605 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 606 | ||
| Summary | 606 | ||
| References | 607 | ||
| Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography | 609 | ||
| Key points | 609 | ||
| Contrast-enhanced mammography | 609 | ||
| Digital subtraction angiography | 610 | ||
| Temporal technique | 610 | ||
| Contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography | 611 | ||
| Summary | 615 | ||
| References | 615 | ||
| Index | 617 |