BOOK
Gastroenterology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue focuses on the latest research releated to the gastroenterology of exotic pets. Topics include: Current trends and diagnostic techniques, fish gestroenterology, pathology of the gastrointestinal system, treatment of ileus in exotic companion mammals, liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits, update on the diagnosis and management of macrohabdus omithogaster, nutritional management of gastrointestinal conditions, raptor gastroenterology, behavior related gastroenterology, reptile and amphibian gastroenterology, amphibian/reptile gastrointestinal physiology and more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Gastroenterology | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Veterinary Clinics Of\rNorth America: Exotic\rAnimal Practice\r | viii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| A Veterinary Guide to the Fish Gastrointestinal Tract | 123 | ||
| Key points | 123 | ||
| Introduction | 123 | ||
| The piscine gastrointestinal tract | 124 | ||
| Overview of anatomy | 124 | ||
| General anatomic differences of bottom-feeder sea robin (Prionotus carolinus) | 125 | ||
| General anatomic differences of predaceous sea bass (Centropristes striatus) | 125 | ||
| General anatomic and histologic differences of planktonic minnow (Campostoma anomalum) | 126 | ||
| General ontogeny | 126 | ||
| Digestion and Absorption | 126 | ||
| Immunology | 127 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 128 | ||
| Noninfectious: Dietary Indiscretion Case | 128 | ||
| Medical history | 128 | ||
| Physical examination | 128 | ||
| Medical/surgical procedures | 128 | ||
| Anesthesia | 128 | ||
| Radiography and Ultrasonography | 128 | ||
| Diagnosis | 129 | ||
| Endoscopy | 129 | ||
| Summary | 131 | ||
| Buoyancy disorders | 131 | ||
| Toxins | 133 | ||
| Thiamine and taurine deficiency | 134 | ||
| Prebiotics and probiotics | 135 | ||
| Infectious agents | 138 | ||
| Summary | 138 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 138 | ||
| References | 139 | ||
| Pathology of the Exotic Companion Mammal Gastrointestinal System | 145 | ||
| Key points | 145 | ||
| Introduction | 145 | ||
| Chinchilla | 145 | ||
| Oral Disease | 145 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Tract | 146 | ||
| Bacteria | 146 | ||
| Protozoa | 147 | ||
| Metazoan | 147 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology of Select Exotic Companion Mammals | 165 | ||
| Key points | 165 | ||
| Introduction | 165 | ||
| Rabbit | 166 | ||
| Ingestion of Food | 167 | ||
| Stomach | 167 | ||
| Small Intestinal Tract | 168 | ||
| Hindgut Cecum/Colon | 169 | ||
| Rabbit Hindgut Physiology | 170 | ||
| Colonic Separation Mechanisms | 172 | ||
| Guinea pig | 173 | ||
| Chinchilla | 174 | ||
| Nutrition | 175 | ||
| Water | 176 | ||
| Summary | 177 | ||
| References | 177 | ||
| Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Gastrointestinal Conditions in Exotic Companion Mammals (Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chi ... | 179 | ||
| Key points | 179 | ||
| Introduction | 179 | ||
| Diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease | 180 | ||
| Clinical management and therapeutics | 182 | ||
| The Hospital Setting | 183 | ||
| Fluid Therapy | 183 | ||
| Pain Management | 185 | ||
| Nutritional Support | 186 | ||
| Assisted feeding via the enteral route | 187 | ||
| Orogastric tube feeding | 188 | ||
| Nasogastric tube feeding | 189 | ||
| Parenteral nutrition | 189 | ||
| Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Function and Response During Treatment | 190 | ||
| Prokinetic Therapy | 191 | ||
| Antibiotic Therapy | 192 | ||
| Therapeutic guidelines based on condition | 192 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Diseases of Rabbits | 192 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Diseases of Guinea Pigs | 193 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Diseases of Chinchillas | 193 | ||
| Summary | 193 | ||
| References | 193 | ||
| Liver Lobe Torsion in Pet Rabbits | 195 | ||
| Key points | 195 | ||
| Introduction | 195 | ||
| Clinical consequences | 196 | ||
| Signalment | 196 | ||
| History and physical examination | 197 | ||
| Diagnosis | 197 | ||
| Complete Blood Count | 197 | ||
| Biochemistry Profile | 198 | ||
| Radiographs | 198 | ||
| Ultrasound | 198 | ||
| Treatment | 198 | ||
| Surgery | 198 | ||
| Supportive Care | 200 | ||
| Follow-up | 200 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 201 | ||
| References | 201 | ||
| Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Macrorhabdus Ornithogaster (Formerly Megabacteria) in Avian Patients | 203 | ||
| Key points | 203 | ||
| Introduction | 203 | ||
| Host range | 204 | ||
| Diagnosis | 204 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 204 | ||
| Diagnosis in the Live Bird | 205 | ||
| Postmortem Diagnosis | 206 | ||
| Growth In Vitro | 207 | ||
| Treatment | 207 | ||
| Amphotericin B | 207 | ||
| Nystatin | 207 | ||
| Low Toxic Antifungal Chemicals | 208 | ||
| Other Antifungals | 208 | ||
| Summary | 208 | ||
| References | 208 | ||
| Raptor Gastroenterology | 211 | ||
| Key points | 211 | ||
| Anatomy and physiology | 211 | ||
| Beak and Tongue | 211 | ||
| Esophagus and Crop | 212 | ||
| Proventriculus and Ventriculus (Gizzard) | 213 | ||
| Gastric Digestion and Pellet Egestion | 214 | ||
| Pellet Composition | 215 | ||
| Pellet Appearance and Frequency of Egestion | 216 | ||
| Small Intestine | 217 | ||
| Ceca | 217 | ||
| Rectum | 218 | ||
| Appearance of the Feces | 219 | ||
| Liver and Pancreas | 220 | ||
| Nutrition | 220 | ||
| Digestive Efficiency | 220 | ||
| Diet | 221 | ||
| Common Food Items | 221 | ||
| Disease conditions | 222 | ||
| Parasitic | 222 | ||
| Trichomoniasis | 222 | ||
| Helminths | 223 | ||
| Coccidia | 224 | ||
| Viral | 224 | ||
| Herpesvirus | 224 | ||
| Adenovirus | 225 | ||
| Toxic | 225 | ||
| Lead | 225 | ||
| Starvation | 227 | ||
| Summary | 229 | ||
| References | 229 | ||
| Diet and Its Role in the Behavioral Health and Training of Exotic Species | 235 | ||
| Key points | 235 | ||
| Positive reinforcement training | 235 | ||
| Food as a reinforcer | 236 | ||
| Motivation for food | 237 | ||
| Food management | 240 | ||
| Train Just Before a Regularly Scheduled Feeding Time | 241 | ||
| Manage the Delivery of the Regular Diet | 241 | ||
| Free Feed a Base Diet and Reserve Preferred Food Items for Training Sessions | 241 | ||
| Feed Until Satiated Each Training Session | 241 | ||
| Use Small Pieces of Food | 242 | ||
| Avoid Overfeeding | 242 | ||
| Nonfood reinforcers | 243 | ||
| Contact with a Preferred Person as a Reinforcer | 244 | ||
| Tactile as a Reinforcer | 244 | ||
| Scent as Reinforcer | 244 | ||
| Excitement/Toys as a Reinforcer | 244 | ||
| Food and behavior | 244 | ||
| Transitioning avian species to pelleted diets and fresh foods | 245 | ||
| Summary | 246 | ||
| Supplementary data | 246 | ||
| References | 246 | ||
| Nutritional Support of Reptile Patients | 249 | ||
| Key points | 249 | ||
| Introduction | 249 | ||
| Choice of food for assist feeding | 250 | ||
| The mechanics of assist feeding | 251 | ||
| Refeeding syndrome | 255 | ||
| Nutritional support of neonates | 255 | ||
| Tips and tricks for feeding captive reptiles | 258 | ||
| Monitors and Other Large, Carnivorous Lizards | 258 | ||
| Grassland tortoises | 259 | ||
| Feeding frequency | 260 | ||
| Summary | 260 | ||
| References | 260 | ||
| Considerations and Conditions Involving Protozoal Inhabitation of the Reptilian Gastrointestinal Tract | 263 | ||
| Key points | 263 | ||
| Parasitism | 263 | ||
| What is a clinical parasite? | 265 | ||
| Pathogenicity and virulence | 266 | ||
| Superinfections | 267 | ||
| Stress | 267 | ||
| Coinfections | 267 | ||
| Assessing the need for treatment | 268 | ||
| Does the Parasite Disrupt the Energy/Nutritional Balance of the Host? | 268 | ||
| Does the Parasite Affect the Host’s Immune System? | 269 | ||
| Is the Host Affected in Other (Nonenergy, Nonimmunomodulating) Ways, Perhaps in Other Systems? | 269 | ||
| Does the Host Have Deviations in Behaviors from Noninfected Individuals? | 269 | ||
| Is There Physical Damage Caused to the Host by the “Parasite”? | 269 | ||
| Additional Considerations | 270 | ||
| Zoonoses | 272 | ||
| Classes of protozoal gastrointestinal parasites | 272 | ||
| Apicomplexa | 272 | ||
| Cryptosporidia | 272 | ||
| Cyclospora | 274 | ||
| Coccidia | 274 | ||
| Choleoeimeria | 274 | ||
| Caryospora | 275 | ||
| Intranuclear coccidiosis | 275 | ||
| Sarcocystis | 275 | ||
| Mastigophora/Flagellates | 275 | ||
| Giardia | 276 | ||
| Trichomonads | 276 | ||
| Hexamita | 277 | ||
| Parabasalia | 277 | ||
| Rhizopoda/Amoeboids | 278 | ||
| Entamoeba | 278 | ||
| Blastocystis | 279 | ||
| Ciliata | 279 | ||
| Balantidium | 279 | ||
| Nyctotherus | 279 | ||
| Opalina | 280 | ||
| Microsporidia | 280 | ||
| Applications | 281 | ||
| Identification Options | 281 | ||
| How can virulence be determined? (Is this a problem that needs to be treated?) | 286 | ||
| Treatment | 288 | ||
| Specific Treatment Considerations | 289 | ||
| Summary | 291 | ||
| In Memoriam | 291 | ||
| References | 291 | ||
| Index | 299 |