BOOK
Common Symptoms in the Ambulatory Setting , An Issue of Medical Clinics, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of the Medical Clinics of North America, edited by Douglas Paauw, is devoted to Common Symptoms in the Ambulatory Setting. Articles in this issue include: Evaluation and treatment of chronic cough; Evaluation and treatment of lower back pain; Lower extremity symptoms; Common dermatologic problems; Evaluation and treatment of shoulder pain; Headache; Evaluation and treatment of colonic symptoms; Dyspepsia; Insomnia; Dizziness; Fatigue; Common anal problems; Involuntary Weight Loss; Evaluation and treatment of neck pain; and Multiple unexplained symptoms.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Common Symptoms in\rthe Ambulatory Setting | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Medical Clinics Of North America\r | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface\r | xi | ||
| Reference | xii | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Cough | 391 | ||
| Key points | 391 | ||
| Introduction | 391 | ||
| A few words on acute cough | 392 | ||
| Impact of chronic cough | 392 | ||
| Differential diagnosis and initial evaluation | 393 | ||
| Overview of treatment | 396 | ||
| Upper airway cough syndrome | 397 | ||
| Cough-variant asthma | 397 | ||
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 398 | ||
| Less common causes of chronic cough | 399 | ||
| Cough hypersensitivity syndrome | 400 | ||
| Summary | 401 | ||
| References | 401 | ||
| Low Back Pain | 405 | ||
| Key points | 405 | ||
| Introduction | 405 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 406 | ||
| Anatomy | 406 | ||
| Physiology | 406 | ||
| Acute Low Back Pain | 407 | ||
| Chronic Low Back Pain | 407 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 411 | ||
| Diagnostic evaluation | 413 | ||
| Patient History | 414 | ||
| Physical Examination | 415 | ||
| Imaging and Additional Testing | 417 | ||
| Treatment for acute low back pain | 419 | ||
| Activity Recommendations and Self-Care | 420 | ||
| Leg Discomfort | 429 | ||
| Key points | 429 | ||
| Introduction | 429 | ||
| Vascular causes of leg discomfort | 430 | ||
| Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease | 430 | ||
| Chronic Venous Disease | 431 | ||
| Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis | 432 | ||
| Other Vascular Causes of Leg Pain | 434 | ||
| Neurologic causes of leg discomfort | 434 | ||
| Lumbosacral Radiculopathy and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis | 434 | ||
| Entrapment Neuropathies | 436 | ||
| Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy | 436 | ||
| Other Neurogenic Causes of Leg Discomfort | 437 | ||
| Musculoskeletal causes of discomfort | 437 | ||
| Stress Fracture | 437 | ||
| Statin Myalgia | 437 | ||
| Cramps | 438 | ||
| Restless legs syndrome | 438 | ||
| Other Musculoskeletal Causes of Leg Discomfort | 439 | ||
| Summary | 439 | ||
| References | 440 | ||
| Common Dermatologic Conditions | 445 | ||
| Key points | 445 | ||
| Introduction | 445 | ||
| Alopecia | 446 | ||
| Androgenetic Alopecia/Female Pattern Hair Loss | 448 | ||
| Alopecia Areata | 452 | ||
| Telogen Effluvium | 454 | ||
| Facial rashes | 455 | ||
| Acne Vulgaris | 455 | ||
| Acne Rosacea | 460 | ||
| Periorificial Dermatitis | 462 | ||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | 463 | ||
| Erysipelas and Cellulitis | 464 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 465 | ||
| Intertriginous rashes | 467 | ||
| Candidiasis | 468 | ||
| Dermatophyte Infections | 470 | ||
| Erythrasma | 471 | ||
| Inverse Psoriasis | 472 | ||
| The red leg | 473 | ||
| Cellulitis and Erysipelas | 474 | ||
| Stasis Dermatitis | 475 | ||
| Contact Dermatitis | 478 | ||
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | 479 | ||
| Treatment | 479 | ||
| Summary | 481 | ||
| References | 481 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment of Shoulder Pain | 487 | ||
| Key points | 487 | ||
| Introduction | 487 | ||
| Important Terms | 489 | ||
| Rotator cuff disease | 489 | ||
| Subacromial impingement syndrome | 489 | ||
| Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) | 489 | ||
| Symptoms | 489 | ||
| Common Symptom Patterns | 490 | ||
| Diagnostic tests and imaging studies | 490 | ||
| Physical Examination | 490 | ||
| Observing Both Shoulders for Comparison | 490 | ||
| Abduction | 490 | ||
| External rotation | 491 | ||
| Internal rotation | 491 | ||
| Cross-body adduction | 492 | ||
| Anteroposterior and Axillary Plain Radiographs of the Shoulder | 493 | ||
| Ultrasonography of the Shoulder | 493 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 493 | ||
| Bottom Line | 495 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 495 | ||
| Lateral Shoulder Pain | 495 | ||
| Anterior Shoulder Pain | 496 | ||
| Posterior Shoulder Pain | 496 | ||
| Nonspecific Shoulder Pain | 496 | ||
| Treatment | 497 | ||
| General Measures | 497 | ||
| Menu of Additional Therapeutic Options | 499 | ||
| Condition-Specific Treatment | 499 | ||
| SIS/RCD, subacromial bursitis | 499 | ||
| Rotator cuff tear | 500 | ||
| Adhesive capsulitis | 500 | ||
| Osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint | 501 | ||
| Nonspecific shoulder pain/dysfunction | 501 | ||
| Management | 501 | ||
| Education | 501 | ||
| Prevention | 501 | ||
| Cases | 501 | ||
| Case 1 | 501 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Headache in the Ambulatory Care Setting | 505 | ||
| Key points | 505 | ||
| Introduction | 505 | ||
| Patient history | 506 | ||
| Tension Headaches | 507 | ||
| Migraine Headaches | 507 | ||
| Cluster Headaches | 511 | ||
| Chronic Daily Headache | 512 | ||
| Headaches in the Elderly | 513 | ||
| Physical Examination | 515 | ||
| Imaging and additional testing | 516 | ||
| Diagnostic dilemmas and special situations | 516 | ||
| The “Sinus” Headache | 516 | ||
| Menstrual Migraines and Prescription of Oral Contraceptives in Women with Migraines | 517 | ||
| CVS and Abdominal Migraine | 518 | ||
| Treatment | 519 | ||
| Tension Headaches | 519 | ||
| Migraine Headaches | 519 | ||
| Acute therapy | 519 | ||
| Prophylactic therapy | 520 | ||
| Cluster headaches | 522 | ||
| Chronic Daily Headaches | 524 | ||
| Headaches in the Elderly | 525 | ||
| Treatment of Abdominal Migraine and CVS | 525 | ||
| Future considerations and summary | 525 | ||
| References | 526 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment of Colonic Symptoms | 529 | ||
| Key points | 529 | ||
| Diarrhea | 529 | ||
| Prevention | 529 | ||
| Acute diarrhea | 530 | ||
| Epidemiology | 530 | ||
| Patient History or Examination | 530 | ||
| Diagnostic tests | 530 | ||
| Markers of Inflammation | 530 | ||
| Stool Culture | 531 | ||
| Stool Toxin | 531 | ||
| General treatment | 531 | ||
| Supportive | 531 | ||
| Antidiarrheals | 532 | ||
| Probiotics | 532 | ||
| Traveler’s diarrhea | 532 | ||
| Food-borne diarrhea | 532 | ||
| Watery diarrhea | 532 | ||
| Inflammatory diarrhea | 532 | ||
| Chronic diarrhea | 533 | ||
| Patient History | 533 | ||
| Diagnostic tests | 534 | ||
| Watery diarrhea | 535 | ||
| Osmotic | 535 | ||
| Secretory | 536 | ||
| IBS or Functional Diarrhea | 536 | ||
| Microscopic colitis | 536 | ||
| Neuroendocrine | 536 | ||
| Inflammatory | 537 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 537 | ||
| Fatty or malabsorption | 537 | ||
| Celiac Disease | 537 | ||
| Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth | 537 | ||
| Diarrhea summary | 537 | ||
| Constipation | 538 | ||
| Evaluation | 539 | ||
| Physical Examination | 540 | ||
| Laboratory Testing | 540 | ||
| Defecatory disorders | 540 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Therapy | 541 | ||
| Pharmacologic therapy | 541 | ||
| Laxatives | 541 | ||
| Secretagogues | 542 | ||
| Prokinetics | 544 | ||
| Others | 545 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 545 | ||
| Summary | 545 | ||
| References | 545 | ||
| Further readings | 547 | ||
| Dyspepsia | 549 | ||
| Key points | 549 | ||
| Introduction | 549 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 552 | ||
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 553 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease | 554 | ||
| Non–upper gastrointestinal mimics | 556 | ||
| Treatment of FD | 557 | ||
| Acid-suppression Therapy | 557 | ||
| Prokinetics | 558 | ||
| Anxiolytics and Antidepressants | 558 | ||
| Other Medications | 559 | ||
| Psychotherapy | 559 | ||
| Acupuncture | 559 | ||
| Summary | 559 | ||
| References | 560 | ||
| Insomnia | 565 | ||
| Key points | 565 | ||
| Evaluation and treatment of insomnia | 565 | ||
| Definitions and Presentation | 565 | ||
| Patterns of Insomnia | 568 | ||
| Physiology of Sleep and Pathophysiology of Insomnia | 569 | ||
| Epidemiology of Specific Sleep Disorders Presenting as Insomnia | 570 | ||
| RLS | 570 | ||
| Circadian rhythm disorders | 571 | ||
| Sleep apnea | 572 | ||
| Evaluation | 572 | ||
| History | 572 | ||
| Physical Examination, Laboratory Work, and Sleep Studies | 574 | ||
| Treatment | 574 | ||
| Treatment of RLS and periodic limb movements of sleep | 575 | ||
| Obstructive and central sleep apnea | 575 | ||
| Circadian rhythm disorders | 576 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy for insomnia | 577 | ||
| Melatonin receptor agonists | 577 | ||
| GABAA agonists | 577 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic treatments | 578 | ||
| References | 579 | ||
| Diagnosing and Treating Dizziness | 583 | ||
| Key points | 583 | ||
| Introduction | 583 | ||
| Pathophysiology of vestibular disease | 584 | ||
| Central Vestibular Disease | 585 | ||
| Symptoms | 585 | ||
| Physical examination | 585 | ||
| Special physical examination maneuvers | 586 | ||
| Positional Vertigo | 586 | ||
| Sustained Vertigo | 588 | ||
| Treatment | 588 | ||
| Additional considerations | 593 | ||
| Summary | 593 | ||
| Patient education material | 593 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 594 | ||
| References | 594 | ||
| Fatigue | 597 | ||
| Key points | 597 | ||
| Introduction | 597 | ||
| History | 597 | ||
| Physical examination | 600 | ||
| Laboratory evaluation | 601 | ||
| Management in the setting of a nondiagnostic evaluation | 604 | ||
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | 606 | ||
| References | 607 | ||
| Common Anal Problems | 609 | ||
| Key points | 609 | ||
| Introduction | 609 | ||
| Anatomic Pearls | 609 | ||
| Physiologic Refresher | 609 | ||
| Anal fissures | 610 | ||
| Symptoms | 610 | ||
| Diagnostic Test/Imaging Study | 610 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 610 | ||
| Management | 611 | ||
| Hemorrhoids | 611 | ||
| Symptoms | 611 | ||
| Diagnostic Test/Imaging Study | 612 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 613 | ||
| Management | 614 | ||
| Perirectal abscesses | 615 | ||
| Symptoms | 615 | ||
| Diagnostic Test/Imaging Study | 615 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 615 | ||
| Management | 616 | ||
| Anal fistulas | 616 | ||
| Symptoms | 616 | ||
| Diagnostic Test/Imaging Study | 616 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 617 | ||
| Management | 617 | ||
| Fecal incontinence | 617 | ||
| Symptoms | 617 | ||
| Diagnostic Test/Imaging Study | 618 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 618 | ||
| Management | 619 | ||
| Pruritis ani | 619 | ||
| Symptoms | 619 | ||
| Diagnostic Test/Imaging Study | 619 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 620 | ||
| Involuntary Weight Loss | 625 | ||
| Key points | 625 | ||
| Introduction | 625 | ||
| Is involuntary weight loss a concern? Insights from epidemiology | 625 | ||
| What defines involuntary weight loss? | 626 | ||
| Degree of Weight Loss | 627 | ||
| Assessment of Weight Loss | 628 | ||
| Other syndromes | 628 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 628 | ||
| Incidence and prevalence | 629 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 633 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 633 | ||
| Respiratory Disease | 633 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 634 | ||
| Renal | 634 | ||
| Cancer | 634 | ||
| Neurologic | 634 | ||
| Endocrinopathies | 634 | ||
| Inflammatory and Rheumatologic Conditions | 634 | ||
| Infectious Diseases | 635 | ||
| Psychiatric | 635 | ||
| Medications | 635 | ||
| Substance Abuse and Dependence | 635 | ||
| Social | 635 | ||
| Etiology of involuntary weight loss: insights from case series | 635 | ||
| What Causes are Found? | 635 | ||
| What Percentage of Patients are Unknown After an Initial Workup? | 636 | ||
| What About Unintended Weight Loss in the Elderly? | 636 | ||
| What Factors Portend a More Serious Diagnostic Etiology? | 636 | ||
| What is the Prognosis for Patients Who Present with Involuntary Weight Loss? | 637 | ||
| Suggested algorithm | 638 | ||
| Treatment | 640 | ||
| Summary | 640 | ||
| References | 640 | ||
| Identifying and Treating the Causes of Neck Pain | 645 | ||
| Key points | 645 | ||
| Introduction | 645 | ||
| Anatomy | 645 | ||
| Diagnostic Uncertainty | 646 | ||
| Categorization of Neck Pain and Associated Cervical Spine Disorders | 646 | ||
| Radiculopathy | 646 | ||
| Myelopathy | 647 | ||
| Neck pain | 647 | ||
| Summary | 648 | ||
| Symptoms | 648 | ||
| Radiculopathy | 648 | ||
| Myelopathy | 648 | ||
| Mechanical Neck Pain | 649 | ||
| Diagnostic tests/imaging studies | 650 | ||
| Radiculopathy, History, and Physical Examination | 651 | ||
| Myelopathy, History, and Physical Examination | 651 | ||
| Laboratory Tests and Imaging | 652 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 653 | ||
| Treatment | 653 | ||
| Conservative Treatments | 656 | ||
| Invasive Treatments | 657 | ||
| Surgery | 657 | ||
| Management | 657 | ||
| Summary/future considerations | 657 | ||
| References | 658 | ||
| Medically Unexplained Symptoms | 663 | ||
| Key points | 663 | ||
| Case 1: Ms D | 663 | ||
| Introduction | 664 | ||
| Definitions | 664 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 665 | ||
| Symptoms | 665 | ||
| Case 2: Ms L | 666 | ||
| Diagnostic testing/imaging studies | 666 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 667 | ||
| Case 3: Mr C | 667 | ||
| Management | 668 | ||
| Future considerations/summary | 669 | ||
| References | 669 | ||
| Index | 673 |