Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Emergency Ultrasound is comprehensively reviewed by guest editors Michael Blaivas and Srikar Adhikari. Articles will include: introduction, history and progress of emergency ultrasound; airway and thoracic ultrasound; procedural guidance with ultrasound in the emergency patient; pearls and pitfalls: common ultrasound applications and risk management strategies; ultrasound protocol use in the evaluation of an unstable patient; pediatric emergency ultrasound; pelvic ultrasound; focused cardiac ultrasound in the emergent patient; vascular ultrasound in emergency medicine; symptom-based ultrasound; ENT ultrasound; superficial and MSK ultrasound: select applications, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Emergency Ultrasound\r | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Ultrasound Clinics\r | xi | ||
| Preface\r | xiii | ||
| History, Progress, and Future of Emergency Ultrasound | 119 | ||
| Key points | 119 | ||
| References | 120 | ||
| Pitfalls and Pearls in Emergency Point-of-Care Sonography | 123 | ||
| Key points | 123 | ||
| FAST | 123 | ||
| Pitfalls | 123 | ||
| Pearls | 123 | ||
| Thoracic POCS | 125 | ||
| Pitfalls | 125 | ||
| Pearls | 127 | ||
| Aorta POCS | 127 | ||
| Pitfalls | 127 | ||
| Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography in the Emergent Patient | 143 | ||
| Key points | 143 | ||
| Case | 144 | ||
| Cardiac function assessment | 144 | ||
| Global Cardiac Contractility/Systolic Function | 145 | ||
| Chamber shape and size | 145 | ||
| Qualitative Assessment of Global LV Systolic Function | 145 | ||
| Quantitative Assessments of LV Systolic Function | 145 | ||
| Measurements | 145 | ||
| Cardiac Output | 146 | ||
| E-Point Septal Separation | 147 | ||
| Aortic Root Displacement | 148 | ||
| Case | 149 | ||
| Diastolic function | 150 | ||
| Assessment Methods | 150 | ||
| M-mode | 150 | ||
| Pulsed wave Doppler | 150 | ||
| Tissue Doppler used by comprehensive echocardiography | 151 | ||
| Normal diastolic LVF profile | 151 | ||
| Abnormal Diastolic Function Profiles | 151 | ||
| Impaired relaxation | 151 | ||
| Pseudonormalization | 151 | ||
| Restrictive pattern | 152 | ||
| Case | 152 | ||
| Pericardial effusion assessment | 152 | ||
| Pericardial effusion | 152 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 153 | ||
| Rate of accumulation | 153 | ||
| Chronic Pericardial Effusions | 153 | ||
| False-Positive Results | 153 | ||
| False-Negative Results | 153 | ||
| Detection of tamponade | 153 | ||
| Case | 154 | ||
| RV size and function assessment | 154 | ||
| Normal anatomy | 154 | ||
| RV function assessment | 156 | ||
| Conclusion of Case | 156 | ||
| Case | 156 | ||
| Thoracic aortic disease | 157 | ||
| Case | 158 | ||
| Volume status assessment | 159 | ||
| Case | 161 | ||
| Case | 163 | ||
| Valvular assessment | 163 | ||
| Severe mitral regurgitation | 163 | ||
| Mitral Stenosis | 164 | ||
| Aortic Regurgitation | 164 | ||
| Aortic Stenosis | 164 | ||
| Procedural guidance | 164 | ||
| Pericardiocentesis | 164 | ||
| Transvenous Pacer placement | 165 | ||
| Case | 165 | ||
| Periarrest | 165 | ||
| Primary Goals of Periresuscitation Echo | 167 | ||
| Case | 167 | ||
| Hypotension | 168 | ||
| Summary | 168 | ||
| Supplementary data | 168 | ||
| References | 168 | ||
| Point-of-Care Pelvic Ultrasonography in Emergency Medicine | 173 | ||
| Key points | 173 | ||
| Introduction | 173 | ||
| Indications | 173 | ||
| Sonographic technique | 173 | ||
| The obstetric patient | 174 | ||
| Ectopic Pregnancy | 175 | ||
| Pregnancy of Unknown Location | 177 | ||
| Heterotopic Pregnancy | 177 | ||
| Nonviable Pregnancy | 177 | ||
| Spontaneous Abortion | 177 | ||
| Subchorionic Hemorrhage | 178 | ||
| Evaluating Fetal Heart Rate | 178 | ||
| The nonobstetric patient | 178 | ||
| Hemorrhage or Rupture of Ovarian Cyst | 178 | ||
| Ovarian Torsion | 179 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 180 | ||
| Acute Appendicitis | 181 | ||
| Summary | 182 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 182 | ||
| References | 182 | ||
| Emergency Ultrasonography | 185 | ||
| Key points | 185 | ||
| Introduction | 185 | ||
| DVT | 185 | ||
| Clinical Problem/Statistics | 185 | ||
| Anatomy | 186 | ||
| Proximally to distally | 186 | ||
| Imaging Protocols | 186 | ||
| Transducer | 186 | ||
| Positioning | 186 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 187 | ||
| Pathology | 187 | ||
| Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants | 187 | ||
| What the Treating Physician Needs to Know | 188 | ||
| Ultrasonography for Upper Extremity DVT | 188 | ||
| Abdominal aorta | 189 | ||
| Clinical Problem/Statistics | 189 | ||
| Anatomy | 190 | ||
| Proximally to distally | 190 | ||
| Imaging Protocols | 190 | ||
| Positioning | 190 | ||
| Transducer | 190 | ||
| Technique | 190 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 190 | ||
| Pathology | 190 | ||
| Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants | 193 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 193 | ||
| Summary | 193 | ||
| IVC | 193 | ||
| Clinical Problem/Statistics | 193 | ||
| Anatomy | 194 | ||
| Proximally to distally | 194 | ||
| Imaging Protocols | 194 | ||
| Transducer | 194 | ||
| Positioning | 194 | ||
| Technique | 194 | ||
| Pathology | 194 | ||
| Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants | 194 | ||
| What the Treating Physician Needs to Know | 195 | ||
| Further vascular applications | 195 | ||
| Septic Thrombophlebitis | 195 | ||
| Clinical problem | 195 | ||
| Imaging | 196 | ||
| Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness | 196 | ||
| Clinical problem/statistics | 196 | ||
| Imaging and measurement | 196 | ||
| Summary | 196 | ||
| Supplementary data | 196 | ||
| References | 196 | ||
| Pediatric Emergency Ultrasound | 199 | ||
| Key points | 199 | ||
| Introduction | 199 | ||
| Applications of POCUS | 200 | ||
| Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis | 200 | ||
| Anatomy | 200 | ||
| Imaging protocols | 200 | ||
| Diagnostic criteria | 201 | ||
| The evidence | 202 | ||
| Intussusception | 203 | ||
| Anatomy | 203 | ||
| Imaging protocols | 203 | ||
| Diagnostic criteria | 203 | ||
| The evidence | 204 | ||
| Skull Fractures | 205 | ||
| Anatomy | 205 | ||
| Imaging protocols | 205 | ||
| Diagnostic criteria | 205 | ||
| The evidence | 206 | ||
| Hip Effusions | 206 | ||
| Anatomy | 206 | ||
| Imaging protocols | 207 | ||
| Diagnostic criteria | 208 | ||
| The evidence | 209 | ||
| Summary | 209 | ||
| Supplementary data | 209 | ||
| References | 209 | ||
| Airway and Thoracic Ultrasound | 211 | ||
| Key points | 211 | ||
| Introduction | 211 | ||
| Airway ultrasound anatomy | 211 | ||
| Sublingual (intraoral) scanning window | 211 | ||
| External ultrasound window | 212 | ||
| Suprahyoid | 212 | ||
| Infrahyoid | 212 | ||
| Clinical use | 212 | ||
| Assessment of the Airway for Difficult Intubation | 212 | ||
| Endotracheal Tube Verification | 213 | ||
| Identification of Anatomy for Surgical Airway | 213 | ||
| Evaluation of the Epiglottis | 213 | ||
| Thoracic ultrasound | 214 | ||
| Thoracic ultrasound anatomy | 214 | ||
| Pneumothorax | 214 | ||
| Interstitial syndrome | 215 | ||
| Lung consolidation | 215 | ||
| Pleural free fluid | 215 | ||
| Summary | 215 | ||
| Supplementary data | 215 | ||
| References | 215 | ||
| Procedural Guidance with Ultrasound in the Emergency Patient | 217 | ||
| Key points | 217 | ||
| Discussion of problem/clinical presentation | 217 | ||
| General approach | 218 | ||
| Transducers | 218 | ||
| Paracentesis | 218 | ||
| Background | 218 | ||
| Indications | 218 | ||
| Imaging and Technique | 218 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 219 | ||
| LP | 220 | ||
| Background | 220 | ||
| Indications | 220 | ||
| Imaging and Technique | 220 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 221 | ||
| Thoracentesis | 221 | ||
| Background | 221 | ||
| Indications | 222 | ||
| Imaging and Technique | 222 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 222 | ||
| Pericardiocentesis | 222 | ||
| Background | 222 | ||
| Indications | 223 | ||
| Imaging and Technique | 223 | ||
| Subxyphoid approach | 223 | ||
| Parasternal approach | 223 | ||
| Para-apical approach | 223 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 224 | ||
| Transvenous cardiac pacing | 224 | ||
| Background | 224 | ||
| Indications | 224 | ||
| Imaging and Technique | 224 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 225 | ||
| Summary | 225 | ||
| Supplementary data | 225 | ||
| References | 225 | ||
| Symptom-Based Ultrasonography | 227 | ||
| Key points | 227 | ||
| Introduction | 227 | ||
| Chest pain and dyspnea symptom complex | 227 | ||
| Chest pain and dyspnea in the hemodynamically unstable patient | 228 | ||
| Pericardial Effusion with Tamponade | 229 | ||
| Massive PE | 229 | ||
| Acute Aortic Dissection | 229 | ||
| Tension Pneumothorax | 230 | ||
| Acute Papillary Muscle Rupture/Severe Mitral Regurgitation | 231 | ||
| Hemopericardium | 231 | ||
| Hemothorax | 232 | ||
| Chest pain and dyspnea in the stable nontraumatic patient | 232 | ||
| CHF | 232 | ||
| Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities | 233 | ||
| Critical Aortic Stenosis | 233 | ||
| Pulmonary Interstitial Edema | 234 | ||
| Pneumonia | 235 | ||
| Pleural Effusion | 235 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Asthma | 235 | ||
| Traumatic causes of chest pain in the stable patient | 236 | ||
| Rib Fractures | 236 | ||
| Sternal Fractures | 237 | ||
| Abdominal pain | 237 | ||
| Abdominal Pain in the Unstable Patient | 237 | ||
| Intraperitoneal hemorrhage | 237 | ||
| Ectopic pregnancy | 238 | ||
| Bowel perforation | 238 | ||
| Assessment of the Hemodynamically Stable Patient | 239 | ||
| Midline/generalized abdominal pain | 239 | ||
| Small bowel obstruction | 240 | ||
| Urinary retention | 240 | ||
| Right upper quadrant/left upper quadrant pain | 240 | ||
| Hepatobiliary disease | 240 | ||
| Renal disease | 241 | ||
| Right lower quadrant/left lower quadrant | 244 | ||
| Appendicitis | 244 | ||
| Diverticulitis | 244 | ||
| Summary | 245 | ||
| Supplementary data | 245 | ||
| References | 245 | ||
| Ultrasonography in Musculoskeletal Disorders | 269 | ||
| Key points | 269 | ||
| The nature of the problem | 269 | ||
| Imaging protocols | 269 | ||
| Sonographic diagnosis of fracture | 269 | ||
| Imaging technique | 270 | ||
| Clavicle | 270 | ||
| Extremity | 271 | ||
| Hand and wrist | 272 | ||
| Rib | 273 | ||
| Skull | 273 | ||
| Joint effusions | 274 | ||
| Imaging technique | 274 | ||
| Elbow | 274 | ||
| Knee | 274 | ||
| Hip | 275 | ||
| Ultrasonographic elastography | 277 | ||
| Tendon injury | 279 | ||
| Imaging technique | 280 | ||
| Rotator cuff | 280 | ||
| Achilles tendon | 280 | ||
| Flexor tenosynovitis | 281 | ||
| Joint dislocation | 281 | ||
| Technique | 281 | ||
| Shoulder | 281 | ||
| Elbow | 282 | ||
| Soft tissue ultrasound | 284 | ||
| Imaging technique | 284 | ||
| Necrotizing fasciitis | 285 | ||
| Sonographic findings | 285 | ||
| Summary | 286 | ||
| Pearls/Pitfalls | 286 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 286 | ||
| References | 286 | ||
| Ultrasound Protocol Use in the Evaluation of an Unstable Patient | 293 | ||
| Key points | 293 | ||
| Case 1 | 293 | ||
| Discussion of the Problem/Introduction | 293 | ||
| Components of point-of-care ultrasound protocols and their interpretation | 296 | ||
| Cardiac: Evaluate for Pericardial Effusion, Tamponade, Assess Contractility, Chamber Size | 296 | ||
| IVC: Collapsibility and Plethora | 297 | ||
| Case 2 | 298 | ||
| Aorta: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 299 | ||
| Abdomen (Free Fluid/Hemoperitoneum) | 299 | ||
| Pleura: Sliding Lung Sign, B-Lines, Pleural Effusion | 299 | ||
| Lower Extremity Veins: Deep Venous Thrombosis | 300 | ||
| Ultrasound evaluation of the medically unstable patient | 300 | ||
| Undifferentiated Hypotensive Patient Protocol | 300 | ||
| Focus Assessed Transthoracic Echocardiographic Protocol | 301 | ||
| Bedside Echocardiographic Assessment for Trauma/Critical Care Examination | 301 | ||
| Abdominal and Cardiac Evaluation with Sonography in Shock Protocol | 302 | ||
| Rapid Ultrasound in Shock Protocol | 302 | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 302 | ||
| Focused Echocardiography Entry Level Protocol | 302 | ||
| Ultrasound evaluation of the unstable trauma patient | 303 | ||
| Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma and Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma Protocols | 303 | ||
| Conclusion | 304 | ||
| Supplementary data | 304 | ||
| References | 304 | ||
| Index | 307 |