BOOK
African Skin and Hair Disorders, An Issue of Dermatologic Clinics, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
People of African ancestry have sensitive skin and may suffer from a wide variety of skin disorders. Hair disorders are also common and differ from those suffered by Caucasians. This issue of the Dermatologic Clinics focuses on the most common skin and hair disorders seen in black skin, with articles focusing on acne scarring, alopecia, keloids, and skin pigmentation. There are also articles addressing moisturizers for the skin and the effect of hair treatments on the hair and scalp. Also discussed is the sociohistoric issues that can cloud the scientific understanding of clinical entities. Emphasis is often put on race and yet a very clear distinction should be made between race and quantifiable entities such as pigment and hair curl as determinants for skin/hair disease predilection; this is quite distinct from race as a surrogate for social class and a disease determinant for most medical conditions and malignancies.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| African Skin and\rHair Disorders | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Dermatologic Clinics\r | viii | ||
| Preface\r | ix | ||
| References | xi | ||
| The Evolution of Skin Pigmentation and Hair Texture in People of African Ancestry | 113 | ||
| Key points | 113 | ||
| Diversity of integumentary phenotypes within Africa | 113 | ||
| The influence of natural selection on integumentary phenotypes | 114 | ||
| Integumentary phenotypes and race | 118 | ||
| Summary | 118 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 119 | ||
| References | 119 | ||
| What’s New in Objective Assessment and Treatment of Facial Hyperpigmentation? | 123 | ||
| Key points | 123 | ||
| Introduction | 123 | ||
| Objective assessment—melasma | 123 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 123 | ||
| Severity Scales | 123 | ||
| Pharmacologic treatment options: melasma | 124 | ||
| Combination Therapies | 125 | ||
| Surgical Treatments | 125 | ||
| Summary | 127 | ||
| Objective assessment-PIH | 127 | ||
| Pharmacologic treatment options (PIH) | 128 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Treatment Options | 128 | ||
| Combination Therapies | 129 | ||
| Surgical Treatment Options | 129 | ||
| Summary/Discussion | 129 | ||
| Pharmacologic treatment options (DPN and seborrheic keratosis) | 130 | ||
| Surgical Treatment Options | 130 | ||
| Pharmacologic treatment options (lichen planus pigmentosus/EDP of face) | 132 | ||
| Combination Therapies | 132 | ||
| Surgical Therapies | 132 | ||
| References | 133 | ||
| Cosmeceuticals | 137 | ||
| Key points | 137 | ||
| Introduction | 137 | ||
| Cosmeceuticals and the Regulatory Environment | 137 | ||
| Development of Scientific Substantiation | 138 | ||
| Cosmeceutical Development | 139 | ||
| Cosmeceutical Claims | 139 | ||
| Mechanism of Action for Cosmeceuticals | 140 | ||
| Barrier function | 140 | ||
| Photoprotection | 140 | ||
| Pigment lightening | 140 | ||
| Receptor activation | 141 | ||
| Peptide cellular messengers | 141 | ||
| Antioxidants | 141 | ||
| Cosmeceuticals and Skin Tone | 141 | ||
| Summary: the future | 142 | ||
| References | 142 | ||
| A Systematic Approach to Afro-Textured Hair Disorders | 145 | ||
| Key points | 145 | ||
| Introduction | 145 | ||
| Normal scalp | 145 | ||
| Tinea capitis | 146 | ||
| Alopecia areata | 147 | ||
| Alopecia due to hair breakage | 147 | ||
| Androgenetic alopecia | 147 | ||
| CCCA | 148 | ||
| Traction alopecia | 148 | ||
| Discoid lupus erythematosus | 148 | ||
| LPP | 149 | ||
| Frontal fibrosing alopecia | 149 | ||
| Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp | 149 | ||
| Pili annulati | 149 | ||
| When to biopsy | 150 | ||
| Summary | 150 | ||
| References | 150 | ||
| Traction Alopecia | 153 | ||
| Key points | 153 | ||
| Introduction | 153 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 154 | ||
| Histology | 155 | ||
| Differential diagnosis of marginal traction alopecia | 155 | ||
| Disease prevalence | 155 | ||
| Clinical tools for quantifying disease severity | 156 | ||
| Risk factors for TA | 156 | ||
| Hair Care Practices | 156 | ||
| Hair Type | 157 | ||
| Genetic Factors | 158 | ||
| Hairdressing Symptoms | 158 | ||
| Age | 158 | ||
| Gender | 158 | ||
| Treatment options | 158 | ||
| Public education strategies | 159 | ||
| Summary | 160 | ||
| References | 160 | ||
| Advances and Challenges in Hair Restoration of Curly Afrocentric Hair | 163 | ||
| Key points | 163 | ||
| Introduction | 163 | ||
| Candidate selection | 164 | ||
| Major considerations/differences | 164 | ||
| The test transplant | 164 | ||
| Anesthesia | 166 | ||
| Donor harvesting | 166 | ||
| Graft creation | 167 | ||
| Hairline design | 167 | ||
| Recipient site creation | 168 | ||
| Graft placement | 168 | ||
| Postoperative care | 169 | ||
| Future trends | 169 | ||
| Summary | 170 | ||
| References | 170 | ||
| Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia | 173 | ||
| Key points | 173 | ||
| Introduction | 173 | ||
| Hair morphology | 173 | ||
| Hair care practices | 174 | ||
| Methods of Straightening | 174 | ||
| Styling | 174 | ||
| Hair Cleansing | 175 | ||
| History of CCCA | 175 | ||
| Clinical features | 176 | ||
| Histopathology | 177 | ||
| Epidemiology | 177 | ||
| Cause | 178 | ||
| Hair Care Practices | 178 | ||
| Female Pattern Hair Loss | 178 | ||
| The Role of Chronic Inflammation and Microorganisms | 178 | ||
| Family History | 179 | ||
| Treatment | 179 | ||
| Current clues for future research | 179 | ||
| References | 180 | ||
| Folliculitis Keloidalis Nuchae and Pseudofolliculitis Barbae | 183 | ||
| Key points | 183 | ||
| Introduction | 183 | ||
| Pseudofolliculitis barbae | 183 | ||
| Epidemiology | 183 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 184 | ||
| Clinical Features | 184 | ||
| Management | 185 | ||
| Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae | 187 | ||
| Epidemiology | 187 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 188 | ||
| Clinical Features | 188 | ||
| Management | 189 | ||
| Summary | 189 | ||
| References | 189 | ||
| New Insights on Keloids, Hypertrophic Scars, and Striae | 193 | ||
| Key points | 193 | ||
| Introduction | 193 | ||
| Patient evaluation overview | 195 | ||
| Management goals | 196 | ||
| Pharmacologic treatment options | 197 | ||
| Intralesional Injections | 197 | ||
| Tretinoin | 199 | ||
| Acid Peels | 199 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic treatment options | 199 | ||
| Silicone Gel | 199 | ||
| Cryotherapy | 200 | ||
| Topical Oils/Creams | 200 | ||
| Light Therapy | 201 | ||
| Electrical Stimulation | 201 | ||
| Lasers | 201 | ||
| Combination therapies | 202 | ||
| Self-management strategies | 202 | ||
| Surgical treatment options and procedure | 203 | ||
| Treatment resistance | 204 | ||
| Evaluation of outcome and long-term recommendations | 204 | ||
| Summary | 204 | ||
| References | 205 | ||
| The Spectrum of HIV-Associated Infective and Inflammatory Dermatoses in Pigmented Skin | 211 | ||
| Key points | 211 | ||
| Introduction | 211 | ||
| Viral infections | 212 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection | 212 | ||
| Molluscum Contagiosum | 212 | ||
| Herpes Zoster | 212 | ||
| Viral Warts | 213 | ||
| Baterial infections | 213 | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus Infection | 213 | ||
| Bacillary Angiomatosis | 213 | ||
| Syphilis | 213 | ||
| Cutaneous Tuberculosis | 214 | ||
| Fungal infections | 215 | ||
| Dermatophytes | 215 | ||
| Deep Fungal Infections | 215 | ||
| Parasitic infestations | 216 | ||
| Inflammatory dermatoses | 217 | ||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | 217 | ||
| Psoriasis | 218 | ||
| Reiter Syndrome | 219 | ||
| Pruritic Papular Eruption | 220 | ||
| Eosinophilic Folliculitis | 220 | ||
| Xerosis | 221 | ||
| Photosensitivity Disorders | 221 | ||
| Summary | 222 | ||
| References | 222 | ||
| Clinical Presentations of Severe Cutaneous Drug Reactions in HIV-Infected Africans | 227 | ||
| Key points | 227 | ||
| Introduction | 227 | ||
| Epidemiology of HIV-associated CADRs in Africa | 227 | ||
| Pharmacogenetics of CADRs in Africa | 228 | ||
| Types of CADRs | 228 | ||
| Morbiliform Drug Eruptions | 228 | ||
| Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms | 228 | ||
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis | 229 | ||
| Lichenoid Drug Reactions | 230 | ||
| Fixed Drug Eruptions | 231 | ||
| Efavirenz-associated CADRs | 231 | ||
| Special considerations in HIV-associated CADRs | 231 | ||
| Multiple Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions | 231 | ||
| Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome | 232 | ||
| Systemic Reactions to Patch Tests and Skin Prick Tests | 232 | ||
| CADRs in Pregnancy | 232 | ||
| SJS and TEN-associated Anxiety and Depression | 232 | ||
| Summary | 232 | ||
| References | 233 | ||
| Infective Dermatitis Associated with HTLV-1 Mimics Common Eczemas in Children and May Be a Prelude to Severe Systemic Diseases | 237 | ||
| Key points | 237 | ||
| Introduction | 237 | ||
| The origins of HTLV-1 | 237 | ||
| Geographic subtypes | 238 | ||
| HTLV-1 transmission | 238 | ||
| Clinical characteristics of HTLV-1 infection | 238 | ||
| Diagnosis of HTLV-1 infection | 239 | ||
| Immune control of HTLV-1 infection | 239 | ||
| IDH | 239 | ||
| Clinical findings | 240 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 241 | ||
| Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings | 242 | ||
| Disease evolution | 242 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 244 | ||
| Treatment and prevention of complications | 245 | ||
| Summary | 245 | ||
| References | 245 | ||
| Index | 249 |