Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Heart Failure Clinics examines co-morbidities in patients with heart failure. Topics include hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary disorders, cardiorenal syndrome, anemia, depression, atrial fibrillation, obesity and cardiac cachexia, peripheral vascular disease, rheumatologic disorders, co-morbidities and polypharmacy, coronary artery disease, and clinical trials.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Co-morbidities in\rHeart Failure | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Heart Failure Clinics\r | viii | ||
| Foreword\r | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Erratum | xiii | ||
| Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Heart Failure | 233 | ||
| Key points | 233 | ||
| Introduction | 233 | ||
| HHD as a cause of HF | 233 | ||
| Epidemiologic Aspects | 233 | ||
| Pathophysiologic Aspects | 234 | ||
| Diagnostic Aspects | 235 | ||
| Preventive and Therapeutic Aspects | 236 | ||
| Arterial hypertension as a comorbidity of HF | 239 | ||
| Summary | 239 | ||
| References | 239 | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Heart Failure | 243 | ||
| Key points | 243 | ||
| Introduction | 243 | ||
| Epidemiology and definitions | 243 | ||
| Pathophysiologic interactions | 245 | ||
| Diagnostic issues | 246 | ||
| Therapeutic issues | 246 | ||
| Clinical perspective | 247 | ||
| Summary | 247 | ||
| References | 248 | ||
| Cardiorenal Syndrome | 251 | ||
| Key points | 251 | ||
| Introduction | 251 | ||
| Type-1 CRS | 251 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 252 | ||
| Diagnosis | 254 | ||
| Outcomes and Treatment | 255 | ||
| Type-2 CRS | 256 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 256 | ||
| Diagnosis | 257 | ||
| Outcomes and Treatment | 257 | ||
| Type-3 CRS | 259 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 260 | ||
| Direct mechanisms | 260 | ||
| Indirect mechanisms | 261 | ||
| Electrophysiologic effects | 261 | ||
| Ischemic effects | 261 | ||
| Myocardial effects | 262 | ||
| Diagnosis | 262 | ||
| Outcomes and Treatment | 263 | ||
| Type-4 CRS | 263 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 263 | ||
| Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease | 263 | ||
| Coronary calcification, myocardial calcification, and aortic compliance | 264 | ||
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 264 | ||
| Uremia and cardiac fibrosis | 265 | ||
| Galectin-3 and cardiac fibrosis | 265 | ||
| Fibroblast growth factor 23 | 265 | ||
| Diagnosis | 265 | ||
| Outcomes and Treatment | 266 | ||
| Type-5 CRS | 266 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 266 | ||
| Diagnosis | 269 | ||
| Outcomes and Treatment | 271 | ||
| References | 272 | ||
| Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure | 281 | ||
| Key points | 281 | ||
| Introduction | 281 | ||
| Epidemiologic insights | 281 | ||
| Pathophysiologic interaction | 282 | ||
| Proinflammatory Cytokines | 282 | ||
| Decreased EPO Production/EPO Resistance | 282 | ||
| ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers | 283 | ||
| Iron-Deficiency Anemia | 283 | ||
| Diagnostic issues | 284 | ||
| Therapeutic issues | 285 | ||
| Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents | 285 | ||
| Intravenous Iron | 291 | ||
| Treating comorbidities | 291 | ||
| Summary | 291 | ||
| References | 291 | ||
| Heart Failure and Depression | 295 | ||
| Key points | 295 | ||
| Epidemiology | 295 | ||
| Heart failure statistics | 295 | ||
| Heart failure and depression statistics | 295 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 296 | ||
| Prognostic implications | 297 | ||
| Findings of interventional trials | 297 | ||
| Treatment implications | 298 | ||
| Treatment considerations | 300 | ||
| Quality of life | 300 | ||
| Financial implications | 302 | ||
| Summary | 302 | ||
| References | 302 | ||
| Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure | 305 | ||
| Key points | 305 | ||
| Introduction | 305 | ||
| Epidemiology of HF and AF | 305 | ||
| Prognostic significance of HF and AF in combination | 306 | ||
| Pathophysiology of AF and HF | 308 | ||
| How HF Can Cause AF | 308 | ||
| How AF Can Cause HF | 309 | ||
| Diagnosis of AF among patients with HF | 309 | ||
| Diagnosis of HF among patients with AF | 310 | ||
| Treatment of AF and HF | 310 | ||
| Medical Therapy: Anticoagulation | 310 | ||
| Medical Therapy: Rate Control or Rhythm Control | 311 | ||
| Medical Therapy: Symptomatology | 312 | ||
| Medical Therapy: Stroke Prevention | 312 | ||
| Medical Therapy: Non-antiarrhythmic Therapy | 312 | ||
| Catheter-based ablation of the AV node and biventricular pacing (“ablate and pace”) | 312 | ||
| Surgical Therapy for AF | 313 | ||
| Catheter-Based PVI | 313 | ||
| Final comments | 314 | ||
| References | 314 | ||
| Obesity Paradox, Cachexia, Frailty, and Heart Failure | 319 | ||
| Key points | 319 | ||
| Impact of obesity on hemodynamics and ventricular structure and function | 320 | ||
| Obesity and HF prevalence | 320 | ||
| Obesity paradox and HF | 320 | ||
| Mechanisms for obesity paradox in HF | 322 | ||
| Impact of severe or class III obesity | 323 | ||
| Impact of frailty/cachexia on HF | 323 | ||
| Impact of PF in HF | 324 | ||
| Impact of ET in HF | 324 | ||
| Intentional weight reduction in HF | 325 | ||
| Summary | 325 | ||
| References | 325 | ||
| The Impact of Peripheral Arterial Disease on Patients with Congestive Heart Failure | 327 | ||
| Key points | 327 | ||
| Introduction and background | 327 | ||
| Epidemiologic insights between PAD and CHF | 328 | ||
| Pathophysiology and risk factors | 328 | ||
| Diagnostic issues | 329 | ||
| Therapeutic issues | 333 | ||
| Chronic Stable PAD | 333 | ||
| Risk Factor Modification | 333 | ||
| Exercise | 333 | ||
| Pharmacologic | 334 | ||
| Revascularization | 334 | ||
| Treating comorbidities | 334 | ||
| Summary | 334 | ||
| References | 335 | ||
| Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Rheumatic Diseases | 339 | ||
| Key points | 339 | ||
| Introduction | 339 | ||
| RA | 339 | ||
| Epidemiologic Insights | 339 | ||
| Cardiovascular-Related Mortality and Ischemic Heart Disease in RA | 339 | ||
| HF in RA | 340 | ||
| Role of Traditional CV Risk Factors | 341 | ||
| Screening for Traditional CV Risk Factors in RA | 342 | ||
| Prognosis/Outcomes of Patients with RA | 342 | ||
| Pathophysiologic interactions between RA and CVD | 342 | ||
| Abnormal Myocardial Structure and Function in RA | 343 | ||
| Impact of Disease Characteristics of RA | 343 | ||
| Impact of Disease Duration | 344 | ||
| Diagnostic issues | 344 | ||
| B-Type Natriuretic Peptide | 344 | ||
| CV Risk Scores in RA | 344 | ||
| Impact of medications used in treatment of RA on HF | 345 | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 345 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Medications | 345 | ||
| Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs | 345 | ||
| Biologic Response Modifiers | 345 | ||
| SLE | 345 | ||
| HF | 346 | ||
| Traditional CV Risk Factors | 346 | ||
| AS | 346 | ||
| Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis | 346 | ||
| Summary | 347 | ||
| References | 347 | ||
| The Role of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure | 353 | ||
| Key points | 353 | ||
| Introduction | 353 | ||
| Epidemiology/prognosis of CAD in HF | 353 | ||
| Diagnosis of CAD in HF | 354 | ||
| Coronary Angiography | 354 | ||
| Noninvasive Imaging | 355 | ||
| Contributions of CAD to the pathogenesis of HF | 355 | ||
| LV Remodeling and Systolic Dysfunction | 355 | ||
| Myocardial Stunning and Hibernation | 355 | ||
| Ischemic MR | 356 | ||
| Sudden Cardiac Death | 356 | ||
| Treatment of CAD and HF | 356 | ||
| CAD and HFPEF | 356 | ||
| CAD and HFREF | 356 | ||
| Device Therapy | 358 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy | 358 | ||
| Selection of patients for revascularization | 359 | ||
| Viability | 360 | ||
| Clinical Practice | 360 | ||
| Summary | 362 | ||
| References | 362 | ||
| Comorbidities and Polypharmacy | 367 | ||
| Key points | 367 | ||
| Introduction | 367 | ||
| Common comorbidities and treatment implications in HF | 367 | ||
| Renal Dysfunction and Failure | 368 | ||
| Anemia | 368 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 368 | ||
| Gout and Arthritis | 369 | ||
| Other Comorbidities with Relevance to HF | 369 | ||
| Polypharmacy in HF—scope of the problem | 369 | ||
| Significance of polypharmacy for HF pharmacotherapy | 370 | ||
| Managing polypharmacy in HF patients with comorbidities | 370 | ||
| Summary and concluding remarks | 370 | ||
| References | 370 | ||
| Index | 373 |