BOOK
Managing and Treating Common Foot and Ankle Problems, An Issue of Medical Clinics, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Medical Clinics will focus on the common foot and ankle problems that internal medicine doctors often face in the outpatient setting. The articles in this issue will review best practices for managing and treating patients who present with such common injuries hammertoes, ankle sprains, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendon strains.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Managing and Treating Common Foot and Ankle Problems | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Medical Clinics Of North America\r | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Consulting Editors | vii | ||
| Editor | vii | ||
| Authors | vii | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| Foreword | xv | ||
| Preface | xvii | ||
| The Foot and Ankle Examination | 181 | ||
| Key points | 181 | ||
| Introduction | 181 | ||
| Skin examination | 183 | ||
| Infections | 183 | ||
| Structural abnormalities | 184 | ||
| Arch Disorders | 184 | ||
| Digital Deformities | 185 | ||
| Vascular function | 188 | ||
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 188 | ||
| Swelling | 188 | ||
| Neurologic assessment | 189 | ||
| Neuropathies | 189 | ||
| Nerve Entrapment Syndromes | 191 | ||
| Palpation of structures | 191 | ||
| Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules | 194 | ||
| Overuse Injuries | 195 | ||
| Range of Motion | 198 | ||
| Terminology | 198 | ||
| Gait assessment | 200 | ||
| Gait and Falls in the Elderly | 200 | ||
| Special Consideration in High-Energy Falls | 201 | ||
| Summary | 201 | ||
| References | 201 | ||
| Gait | 205 | ||
| Key points | 205 | ||
| Gait deviations impacting on ankle/foot mechanisms | 207 | ||
| Compensations for gait deviations | 207 | ||
| Management of common gait deviations secondary to ankle foot dysfunction | 208 | ||
| References | 210 | ||
| Nail and Skin Disorders of the Foot | 213 | ||
| Key points | 213 | ||
| Nail disorders | 213 | ||
| Onychomycosis | 214 | ||
| Paronychia | 215 | ||
| Onychocryptosis | 216 | ||
| Subungual Hematoma and Sterile Matrix Lacerations | 217 | ||
| Subungual tumors | 219 | ||
| Glomus Tumor | 219 | ||
| Subungual Exostosis | 219 | ||
| Subungual Osteochondroma | 219 | ||
| Subungual Melanoma | 219 | ||
| Acral Melanoma | 220 | ||
| Skin disorders | 220 | ||
| Cellulitis | 220 | ||
| Tinea Pedis | 221 | ||
| Verrucae Vulgaris | 222 | ||
| Porokeratosis | 222 | ||
| Summary | 223 | ||
| References | 223 | ||
| Hallux Valgus | 227 | ||
| Key points | 227 | ||
| Introduction | 227 | ||
| Diagnosis | 228 | ||
| Pathogenesis/progression | 228 | ||
| Classification | 229 | ||
| Treatment | 229 | ||
| Nonoperative Treatment | 229 | ||
| Operative Treatment | 230 | ||
| Summary | 231 | ||
| References | 231 | ||
| Metatarsalgia, Lesser Toe Deformities, and Associated Disorders of the Forefoot | 233 | ||
| Key points | 233 | ||
| Metatarsalgia | 233 | ||
| Classification | 233 | ||
| Clinical Assessment | 234 | ||
| Radiologic Examination | 236 | ||
| Treatment | 236 | ||
| Lesser toe deformities | 238 | ||
| Anatomy | 239 | ||
| Pathologic Anatomy | 239 | ||
| Mallet Toe | 239 | ||
| Hammertoe | 239 | ||
| Claw Toe | 240 | ||
| History and Physical | 241 | ||
| Radiographic Examination | 242 | ||
| Treatment | 242 | ||
| Surgical Management | 242 | ||
| Associated forefoot deformities | 243 | ||
| Disorders of the plantar skin | 247 | ||
| Interdigital neuralgia (Morton neuroma) | 248 | ||
| Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology | 248 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 248 | ||
| Radiographic Studies | 249 | ||
| Treatment | 249 | ||
| Summary | 249 | ||
| References | 250 | ||
| Arthritides of the Foot | 253 | ||
| Key points | 253 | ||
| Introduction | 253 | ||
| Hallux rigidus | 253 | ||
| Presentation | 254 | ||
| Nonoperative treatment | 255 | ||
| Operative treatment | 255 | ||
| Midfoot arthritis | 257 | ||
| Presentation | 258 | ||
| Nonoperative treatment | 258 | ||
| Operative treatment | 260 | ||
| Hindfoot arthritis | 261 | ||
| Nonoperative treatment | 262 | ||
| Operative treatment | 262 | ||
| Summary | 263 | ||
| References | 264 | ||
| Ankle Arthritis | 267 | ||
| Key points | 267 | ||
| Introduction | 267 | ||
| Anatomy/pathophysiology | 267 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 269 | ||
| Patient History | 269 | ||
| Activities | 269 | ||
| Clinical findings | 270 | ||
| Sitting Examination | 270 | ||
| Skin and Vascular | 270 | ||
| Diagnostic imaging | 270 | ||
| Diagnostic testing and procedures | 271 | ||
| Diagnostic dilemmas and differentials | 271 | ||
| Prognosis | 271 | ||
| Management goals | 272 | ||
| Pharmacologic strategies | 272 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | 272 | ||
| Corticosteroid Injections and Viscosupplementation | 273 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic strategies | 273 | ||
| Self-Management Strategies | 273 | ||
| Orthotics | 273 | ||
| Surgical technique | 273 | ||
| Arthroscopy | 274 | ||
| Supramalleolar Osteotomy | 274 | ||
| Distraction Arthroplasty | 274 | ||
| Arthrodesis | 275 | ||
| Tibiotalar arthrodesis | 275 | ||
| Ankle position during arthrodesis | 275 | ||
| Soft tissue handling | 275 | ||
| Internal versus external fixation | 275 | ||
| Plates versus screws | 276 | ||
| Screw configuration | 276 | ||
| Number of screws | 276 | ||
| External Fixations | 276 | ||
| Internal Versus External Fixation | 276 | ||
| Gait Analysis in Ankle Arthrodesis | 276 | ||
| Total ankle arthroplasty | 276 | ||
| Indications | 277 | ||
| Contraindications to total ankle arthroplasty | 278 | ||
| Agility Ankle | 278 | ||
| Salto | 279 | ||
| STAR | 279 | ||
| INBONE | 279 | ||
| Total ankle versus arthrodesis | 280 | ||
| Surgical complications | 281 | ||
| Complications of ankle arthrodesis | 281 | ||
| Complications of arthroscopic arthrodesis | 281 | ||
| Complications of ankle arthroplasty | 281 | ||
| Evaluation, adjustment, recurrence | 282 | ||
| Discussion/Summary | 284 | ||
| References | 285 | ||
| Office-Based Management of Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity | 291 | ||
| Key points | 291 | ||
| Introduction | 291 | ||
| Foot anatomy | 292 | ||
| Biomechanics and pathophysiology of PTTD | 292 | ||
| Staging of AAFD | 293 | ||
| Patient history and physical examination | 294 | ||
| History | 294 | ||
| Physical Examination | 294 | ||
| Imaging | 295 | ||
| Management | 297 | ||
| Operative treatment | 298 | ||
| Summary | 299 | ||
| References | 299 | ||
| The Cavus Foot | 301 | ||
| Key points | 301 | ||
| Introduction | 301 | ||
| Anatomy and biomechanics | 302 | ||
| Origins | 302 | ||
| History and physical examination | 303 | ||
| Diagnostic adjuncts | 305 | ||
| Conservative treatment | 308 | ||
| Surgery for the cavus foot | 309 | ||
| Summary | 311 | ||
| References | 311 | ||
| Ankle Sprains and Instability | 313 | ||
| Key points | 313 | ||
| Introduction | 313 | ||
| Epidemiology of ankle sprains | 314 | ||
| Review of relevant anatomy about the ankle joint | 314 | ||
| Signs and symptoms of acute ankle sprains | 314 | ||
| Mechanisms of injury | 315 | ||
| Classification of ankle sprains | 318 | ||
| Diagnosis of ankle sprains | 318 | ||
| Physical examination tests about the ankle | 319 | ||
| Anterior Drawer Test | 319 | ||
| Talar Tilt Test | 319 | ||
| Eversion Stress Test | 320 | ||
| External Rotation Test | 320 | ||
| Squeeze Test | 320 | ||
| Guidelines for obtaining ankle radiographs | 322 | ||
| Treatment of acute ankle sprains | 322 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 322 | ||
| Common therapeutic modalities | 323 | ||
| Ultrasound | 323 | ||
| Contrast Bath | 323 | ||
| Electrical Stimulation | 323 | ||
| Massage | 323 | ||
| Taping | 323 | ||
| Ankle instability | 323 | ||
| Treating chronic ankle instability | 324 | ||
| Surgical options | 324 | ||
| Treatment recommendations remain inconclusive | 326 | ||
| Summary | 326 | ||
| References | 326 | ||
| Achilles Tendon Disorders | 331 | ||
| Key points | 331 | ||
| Introduction | 331 | ||
| Achilles tendon anatomy | 331 | ||
| Imaging | 332 | ||
| Insertional Achilles tendinitis | 332 | ||
| Diagnosis | 332 | ||
| Treatment | 332 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 333 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 333 | ||
| Achilles tendinosis | 333 | ||
| Diagnosis | 333 | ||
| Treatment | 333 | ||
| Plantar Heel Pain | 339 | ||
| Key points | 339 | ||
| Introduction | 339 | ||
| Anatomy of the plantar fascia and hindfoot | 340 | ||
| Biomechanics of the plantar fascia and hindfoot | 340 | ||
| Cause of plantar heel pain | 340 | ||
| History and physical examination | 343 | ||
| Diagnostic adjuncts | 344 | ||
| Treatment of plantar heel pain | 345 | ||
| Conservative Modalities | 345 | ||
| Operative treatment | 348 | ||
| Summary | 349 | ||
| References | 349 | ||
| Outpatient Assessment and Management of the Diabetic Foot | 353 | ||
| Key points | 353 | ||
| Introduction | 353 | ||
| Pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | 354 | ||
| Peripheral neuropathy | 355 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 356 | ||
| Assessment | 356 | ||
| Charcot arthropathy | 358 | ||
| Foot ulceration | 362 | ||
| Vascular Disease | 364 | ||
| Ulcer Classification | 366 | ||
| Wound-Healing Strategies | 367 | ||
| Orthotic management of the diabetic foot | 368 | ||
| Recommendations | 369 | ||
| References | 370 | ||
| Index | 375 |